Human embryonic expression patterns embryonic structures. Medical search. Frequent questions

The synthetically designed siRNAs act as a catalyst to reduce the expression of specific genes and slow the progression of disease. (scienceblog.com)
Since identification of EZH2 in the research of protooncogene product Vav [ 3 ], studies have shown that EZH2 is highly expressed in tumorigenesis, which regulates the expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
Scientists have learned that microRNAs can fine-tune the expression of many other genes, which is particularly important in normal human development. (scienceblog.com)
In contrast, culturing on Laminin-421 induced the expression of β-cell genes, including Ins1 , MafA , and Glut2 , and significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. (nature.com)
What we did know," says Professor and HHMI-GBMF Investigator Rob Martienssen, Ph.D., of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), "was that epigenetic inheritance -- the inheritance by offspring of chemical "tags" present in parental DNA that modify the expression of genes -- is much more widespread in plants than in animals. (sciencedaily.com)
We demonstrate that the zebrafish bozozok (boz) locus is required at the blastula stages for formation of the embryonic shield, the equivalent of the gastrula organizer and expression of multiple organizer-specific genes. (zfin.org)
CHD genes alter gene expression possibly by modification of chromatin structure thus altering access of the transcriptional apparatus to its chromosomal DNA template. (utsouthwestern.edu)
The structural genes are there, they just need to be recruited for expression in a different place. (blogspot.com)
The developmental progression of embryonic stem cells into specialist cell types involves the activation of lineage-specific programs of gene expression and the silencing of genes involved in maintaining pluripotency. (ca.gov)
We found that a large fraction of genes were differentially localized in human thymocytes derived from embryonic stem cells versus human myeloid cells. (ca.gov)
Their analyses reveal the comprehensive landscape of which genes are switched on or off, and when, as embryonic cells transition into new cell states and types. (scitechdaily.com)
The mutations of Masp 1/3 genes, among humans and the Xenopus laevis species, have impacted the rate of embryonic development and craniofacial structures. (boisestate.edu)
To evaluate the impacts of Masp 1 genes on Xenopus laevis embryos through Bmp4 and Otx2 genes- BMp4genes are primarily used to signal cells to form a cement gland, whereas it expressed Otx2genes through the instruction of cement gland formation- we compared their function through in-situ hybridization and the consequential expression through embryotic stages 16-18 and 19. (boisestate.edu)
The expression of Masp1 genes indicates corresponding changes in the expression of Bmp4and Otx2. (boisestate.edu)
During embryonic development, the protein plays a broad role in controlling the activity of many other genes related to blood, lung, heart, brain and spinal cord development. (newswise.com)
2010). Genetic screen in Drosophila melanogaster uncovers a novel set of genes required for embryonic epithelial repair. (sdbonline.org)
Real-time PCR was used to study the expression pattern of formin genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of forC, D, I and J increased during transition to multi-cellular stages, while the rest of genes displayed less marked developmental variations. (biomedcentral.com)
Odontogenesis is the result of a manifestation of an polygenic system, in which the development genes manifest themselves in a sequential, cyclic pattern 1-2 . (bvsalud.org)
The T-box gene family is a group of related genes that play a critical role in human embryonic development. (medscape.com)

In addition, continued high levels of Foxp1 at later stages of embryonic development led to unusual patterns of apical radial glia production of deep-layer neurons even after the mice were born. (newswise.com)
At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)

The study, which could lead to a better understanding of human development, takes advantage of the accessibility of chick embryos to embryonic manipulation. (scienceblog.com)
Human embryo development and early organ formation remain largely unexplored due to ethical issues surrounding the use of embryos for research as well as limited availability of materials to study. (eurekalert.org)
Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the different types of cells found within the structures had similar gene expression patterns to cells found in natural blastocysts or post-implantation embryos. (eurekalert.org)
Overexpression of boz in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer of boz mutant embryos is sufficient for normal development of the overlying blastoderm, revealing an involvement of extraembryonic structures in anterior patterning in fish similarly to murine embryos. (zfin.org)
Finally, this threat also extends to embryos produced by cloning and parthenogenesis , which can then be used for presumably therapeutic and, in particular, experimental ends, mainly to obtain embryonic cell lines that can then be used for biomedical experiments, leading to the inevitable destruction of the embryos created. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
The volumetric analysis of cellular expression patterns provides evidence for molecular mechanisms regulating the development of pre-implantation mouse embryos. (zeiss.com)
Surprisingly, despite similar expression patterns of hmx2 and hmx3a during embryonic development, zebrafish hmx2 mutants are viable and have no obviously abnormal phenotypes in sensory structures or neurons that require hmx3a In addition, embryos homozygous for deletions of both hmx2 and hmx3a have identical phenotypes to severe hmx3a single mutants. (zfin.org)
Different from rab11a and rab11ba, which both have maternal expressions in embryos, rab11bb only expresses during 24hpf to 96hpf. (researchsquare.com)
When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)

NKX2.1 is key to the fetal development of lung structures. (wikipedia.org)
WISH and sectioning showed that ankef1 is ubiquitously expressed during the first 24 hours of zebrafish development, with more restricted expression in the pharynx, swim bladder, and otic vesicles through 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). (auburn.edu)
qPCR data showed that both transcripts are maternally contributed and increase later in development after an initial drop in expression in the first two days. (auburn.edu)
EZH2, a methyltransferase catalyzing H3K27me3, has been abundantly studied in human and mouse embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
These results validated a different transcript in pigs and characterized its expression profile in fetal tissues of different gestation stages, which indicated that EZH2 played important roles during porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
In the early embryonic development, abnormal expression of EZH2 impaired embryo growth and pluripotency maintenance [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Thus, the appropriate expression level of the EZH2 gene is important for embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
In pigs, several studies have focused on its function in early embryonic development regulation and in SCNT efficiency improvement [ 8 , 14 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, the transcript and expression status of the EZH2 gene during porcine embryonic development remains unknown. (hindawi.com)
Subsequently, we detected the expression of EZH2 on mRNA level and protein level in two different embryonic development stages (65-dpc and 90-dpc) via qRT-PCR and western blots. (hindawi.com)
Our study is aimed at providing information for understanding the biological function of EZH2 in porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
In order to establish an animal model for neuronal migration disorders in the pig, we have studied the expression pattern and structure of Reelin during pig brain development. (biomedcentral.com)
This resembles observations for human brain development. (biomedcentral.com)
The layered structure is created during development by migration of young post-mitotic neurons along glial fibers from the proliferative zones lining the ventricles to the outer layers of the developing cortical plate (CP). (biomedcentral.com)
Because monkeys are closely related to humans evolutionarily, we hope the study of these models will deepen our understanding of human embryonic development, including shedding light on some of the causes of early miscarriages. (eurekalert.org)
Further application of monkey blastoids can help to dissect the molecular mechanisms of primate embryonic development. (eurekalert.org)
In organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after the fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell. (disabled-world.com)
An egg meets a sperm - a necessary first step in life's beginnings and a common first step in embryonic development research. (disabled-world.com)
During gonad development, Duxbl is expressed from embryonic to adult stages and specifically expressed in oocytes and spermatogonia. (ntnu.edu.tw)
During embryonic development, Duxbl is transcribed in limbs and tail. (ntnu.edu.tw)
During lung development the cells that line the airways and the cells that make up the support structures have to communicate. (scienceblog.com)
During embryonic development in humans and other mammals, sperm and egg cells are essentially wiped clean of chemical modifications to DNA called epigenetic marks. (sciencedaily.com)
When they separated out pollen grains in different stages of development they found distinct patterns of the attachment of methyl groups to DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
PHENOTYPE: Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele exhibit complete embryonic lethality associated with arrest of epiblast development due to increased apoptosis and cell cycle defects, abnormal rostral-caudal axis patterning, and failure to gastrulate. (utsouthwestern.edu)
DNA methylation is essential for mammalian embryonic and post-natal development. (umich.edu)
Thus, the expression patterns ofBmp4 and Otx2 in responses show the changes to Masp1 indicate the increase in Bmp4 mRNA through the development of the cement gland and that Masp1 has a direct impact on cement gland development. (boisestate.edu)
These discoveries may account that the Masp1 gene accounts for the mutations responsible for the embryonic development of the Xenopus laevis species that is synonymous with humans with 3MC Syndrome. (boisestate.edu)
The actual regulation of the process of outgrowth is discussed in Positioning, Regulation, and Patterning of Limb Development. (medscape.com)
Transcription factors that contain a homeodomain DNA-binding domain have crucial functions in most aspects of cellular function and embryonic development in both animals and plants. (zfin.org)
Hmx proteins are a sub-family of NK homeodomain-containing proteins that have fundamental roles in development of sensory structures such as the eye and the ear. (zfin.org)
This suggests that while hmx2 cannot compensate for loss of hmx3a , it does function in these developmental processes, although to a much lesser extent than hmx3a More surprisingly, our mutational analyses suggest that Hmx3a may not require its homeodomain DNA-binding domain for its roles in viability or embryonic development. (zfin.org)
PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists at Indiana University's Biocomplexity Institute have developed a computational model for the intricate cellular dance that occurs during the earliest stages of animal development when embryonic segments called somites form. (phys.org)
Rab11 proteins, members of the Rab GTPase family, are known to regulate vesicular recycling during embryonic development. (researchsquare.com)
We then analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of rab11a gene in embryonic development by RT-PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization. (researchsquare.com)
Our study provides new insight into the rab11 expression and promotes the use of this model organism to tackle future studies on the role of rab11 in embryo development. (researchsquare.com)
During sexual development, expression of forH and forI displayed a significant increase in fusion competent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammary gland development occurs through distinctive stages throughout embryonic and pubertal development and reproductive life. (biologists.com)
The development of new tools and culture techniques has also enabled the factors that influence branching morphogenesis in the embryonic and pubertal gland to be identified. (biologists.com)
There are three main stages of mammary gland development both in rodents and humans: embryonic, pubertal and adult. (biologists.com)
Understanding the development of the structures of the face also requires knowledge of the pharyngeal or branchial arches. (medscape.com)
The ectoderm is well around the stomodeum by the fourth week of embryonic development and contributes to the formation of the face and the nasal and oral cavities. (medscape.com)
The ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) comprise a large, heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that are defined by primary defects in the development of 2 or more tissues derived from embryonic ectoderm. (medscape.com)
2005). Finally, negative revealed that SSEA4 is detectable in the early neuroepi- selection strategies have been also developed as an alter- thelium, and its expression decreases as development native method to enrich for NSCs from both adult proceeds. (lu.se)
Defective development of the embryonic radial ray (eg, aplasia, hypoplasia, fusion, other anomalous development) results in a wide spectrum of phenotypes, including triphalangeal or absent thumbs, foreshortened arms, and phocomelia. (medscape.com)
The hypothesis of a cultural zero moment means that human development has a culturally determined beginning, not to be confounded with biological birth. (bvsalud.org)
3) The 'transposition' of functions from one plane to the other follows a single pattern, exemplified by Vygotsky in the history of the development of the gesture of pointing (Vygotsky, 1997). (bvsalud.org)

Studies are just beginning to uncover the function of Ccdc103 in both zebrafish and humans, but, apart from foxj1a regulation and dynein arm attachment, little else is known about its interactors or its place in cellular pathways. (auburn.edu)
Both paralogs share the same ankyrin-EF-hand-ankyrin domain structure and display conserved synteny with SNAP25 in zebrafish, frogs, mice, and humans. (auburn.edu)
A team of California researchers has imaged the blood flow inside the heart of a growing embryonic zebrafish. (scienceblog.com)
1999. Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: Greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. (cdc.gov)
Although Rab11a subcellular localization has been demonstrated by transgenic zebrafish [10], and molecular function of Rab11 proteins in primary cilia membrane assembly in Kupffer Vesicle has been studied [6], the developmental expression profile of Rab11 proteins in zebrafish remains elusive. (researchsquare.com)

Importantly, the embryo-like structures do not have full developmental potential. (eurekalert.org)
While the full physiological significance of the developmental diversity of hemoglobins is not yet understood, it is clear that the multiplicity of hemoglobins produced in a developmentally controlled manner is a strongly conserved feature across vertebrates, including the jawless vertebrates (agnathans), which are the most distantly related extant vertebrate relatives to humans. (icr.org)
Imposed upon this gross morphological description is the modern understanding of gene expression and protein elucidation, which bring about these developmental processes. (medscape.com)
Understanding how embryonic cells biomolecularly restrict their early developmental potential and promote specific cell commitment helps to provide key insights on cancer plasticity and could improve fertilization protocols. (zeiss.com)

NKX2.1 can be induced by activin A via SMAD2 signaling in a human embryonic stem cell differentiation model. (wikipedia.org)
The epithelial lining of these distal structures did not show evidence of differentiation into specialized cells. (wikipedia.org)
It has been observed that a loss of Nkx2-1 allows for deregulation of transcription factors FOXA1/2 (by relaxing histone deacetylation and methylation-mediated repression of Foxa1/2 by Nkx2-1) causing reactivation of an embryonic gastric differentiation program in pulmonary cells. (wikipedia.org)
Extensive reorganization of higher-order chromatin structure occurs during hESC differentiation. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, the decreased expression of the EZH2 gene is crucial for stem cell differentiation into specific cell lineages involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and haematopoiesis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
His laboratory discovered the effects of 5 azacytidine on cytosine methylation and first established the link between DNA methylation, gene expression and differentiation. (umich.edu)
During preimplantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic and extraembryonic structures. (medscape.com)

Here, we identified the coding sequence of the EZH2 gene and characterized its expression pattern in fetal tissues of Duroc pigs at 65- and 90-day postcoitus (dpc). (hindawi.com)
EZH2 was ubiquitously expressed in the fetal tissues of two time points with different expression levels. (hindawi.com)
Interestingly, bundles of aligned and uniformly spaced collagen fibrils were more prevalent in keratocytes in Y-27632-treated corneas, which is reminiscent of fibripositor-like structures that have been proposed as a mechanism of matrix deposition in embryonic connective tissues. (molvis.org)
Single gene expression changes can lead to signaling environments that, in relevant tissues, can induce cascades of patterning-gene interactions that produce structures like teeth. (blogspot.com)
A comprehensive expression analysis of ZFYVE27 in the total protein extract isolated from various tissues of mouse revealed a high level of expression primarily in the HSP affected tissues such as the brain, cerebellum and spinal cord. (hsp-info.de)
In a similar study, Shirane and Nakayama also reported high expression of ZFYVE27 (Protrudin) in the CNS and a weaker expression in some other tissues 2 . (hsp-info.de)
Researchers suggest that the activity (expression) of the SGO1 gene in certain embryonic tissues or a particular function of the SGO1 protein in the SA node and in cells that help control peristalsis may account for the features of the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
Our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure, molecular probes and drug design, system biology and molecular interactions in cells and tissues. (lu.se)

The mature cerebral cortex of higher mammals consists of a six-layered structure with each layer comprising different types of neurons that perform distinct functions. (biomedcentral.com)
The post-mitotic neurons follow an ordered inside-out pattern of migration were young neurons migrate past their predecessors to their correct position in more superficial layers of the CP [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the spinal cord, expression of ZFYVE27 was primarily in the cell bodies of motor neurons and to lesser extent in the somatosensory neurons. (hsp-info.de)
The predominant expression of ZFYVE27 in the motor neurons highlights its role in neurodegenerative disease. (hsp-info.de)
Almost all of the attention has been placed on the expression of Foxp1 in neurons that are already formed," said Novitch, a UCLA professor of neurobiology who holds the Ethel Scheibel Chair in Neuroscience. (newswise.com)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)

NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1), also known as thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NKX2-1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are a family of protein complex that regulate gene expression, especially repressing gene transcription [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
We determined the sequence of pig Reelin mRNA and protein and identified a high degree of homology to human Reelin. (biomedcentral.com)
A peak in Reelin mRNA and protein expression is present during the period of major neurogenesis and neuronal migration. (biomedcentral.com)
Representation of a human hemoglobin protein molecule. (icr.org)
The amino acid sequences of Duxbl homeodomains are most similar to those of human DUX4 protein, associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. (ntnu.edu.tw)
The mutated ZFYVE27 protein shows aberrant intracellular pattern in tubular structure and its interaction with spastin is severely affected. (hsp-info.de)
In the targeting vector, we will replace the endogenous gene with green fluorescent protein, which will enable us to determine the endogenous expression pattern of Zfyve27. (hsp-info.de)
Although, a weak expression was also detectable in the testis and cross-reactivity was observed in the liver, which could be either an isoform variant of ZFYVE27 or a paralogous protein. (hsp-info.de)
We have discovered that a large majority of human tumors overexpress the DNMT3A2 isoform and have determined the cryo-EM structure of this isoform together with its non-catalytically active accessory protein, DNMT3B3 bound to a nucleosome. (umich.edu)
Some people, he explained, have mutations in the Foxp1 gene that blunt the activity of the Foxp1 protein, while others have mutations that change the protein's structure or make it hyperactive. (newswise.com)
Depicted, from left, sketch of a dorsal view of a chicken embryo, simulations of dynamic morphology and cell rearrangements during somite formation, evolving patterns of diffusible extracellular Fgf8 protein signaling (blue to red, from top), intracellular Lfng gene expression (blue to yellow, from top), and interspecies-like variation in somite size and frequency of formation. (phys.org)
With the help of various forms of mass spectrometry, synchrotron radiation, protein production & labelling, and bioinformatics, our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure and dynamics, molecular probes and drug design. (lu.se)

In a paper published April 6 in the journal Cell Stem Cell , a team of investigators from China report for the first time the creation of embryo-like structures from monkey embryonic stem cells. (eurekalert.org)
The investigators also transferred these embryo-like structures into the uteruses of female monkeys and determined that the structures were able to implant and elicit a hormonal response similar to pregnancy. (eurekalert.org)
These factors induced the stem cells to form embryo-like structures for the first time using non-human primate cells. (eurekalert.org)
When studied under a microscope, the embryo-like structures, also called blastoids, were found to have similar morphology to natural blastocysts. (eurekalert.org)
The blastoids also formed early gestation sacs, fluid-filled structures that develop early in pregnancy to enclose an embryo and amniotic fluid. (eurekalert.org)
In future work, the investigators plan to focus on further developing the system of culturing embryo-like structures from monkey cells. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers acknowledge the ethical concerns surrounding this type of research but emphasize that there are still many differences between these embryo-like structures and natural blastocysts. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers leveraged the power of InDrops, a single-cell sequencing technology developed at HMS by Klein, Kirschner, and colleagues to capture gene-expression data from each cell of the embryo, one at a time. (scitechdaily.com)
The biological status of the early human embryo. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
In order to determine the nature of the human embryo, we need to know its biological, anthropological, philosophical, and even its legal reality. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
In our opinion, however, the anthropological, philosophical and legal reality of the embryo - the basis of its human rights - must be built upon its biological reality (see also HERE ). (bioethicsobservatory.org)
Consequently, one of the most widely debated topics in the field of bioethics is to determine when human life begins , and particularly to define the biological status of the human embryo, particularly the early embryo, i.e. from impregnation of the egg by the sperm until its implantation in the maternal endometrium. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
Irrespective of this, though, this need to define when human life begins (see our article is also due to the fact that during the early stages of human life - approximately during its first 14 days - this young embryo is subject to extensive and diverse threats that, in many cases, lead to its destruction. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
A critical point in the current bioethical debate is, therefore, to establish the biological nature of the human embryo, because of the ethical classification that its manipulation merits will depend on the category to which it is attributed. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
The first position is that of those who consider that the human embryo, in its first days of life, is a cell cluster with no biological structure, i.e. an unorganised cluster of cells and, accordingly, with no biological or ontological value. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
In other words, this law accepts the obsolete theory that identifies the human embryo as a cluster of cells. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
The third position is that of those who consider that the single-cell, polarised, asymmetrical human embryo, the zygote, obtained naturally or artificially, is a living being of our species, bearer therefore of the dignity that all human beings intrinsically possess, and consequently worthy of being treated in accordance with that dignity. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
in humans it's a segmented mass of cell layers in the early embryo that leads to the formation of muscles, vertebrae, limbs, ribs and the tailbone. (phys.org)
The moment the human embryo is fertilized to the week of the baby's birth is an important period for human appearance in the normally developing embryo. (medscape.com)

In a study that combines state-of-the-art biological imaging with gene expression analysis, scientists at the California Institute of Technology have uncovered a fundamental insight into the way embryonic cells and tissue move about to form key structures along the vertebrate axis. (scienceblog.com)
But the question of precisely how an individual somite buds off from a block of tissue in a pattern that is repeated all along the animal's torso, from head to tail, is poorly understood. (scienceblog.com)
Until now, in most studies, the specialized cells were often either hard to produce or aberrant, and they tended to form a mishmash instead of well-structured tissue suitable for transplantation. (disabled-world.com)
With a three-dimensional tissue structure and functional barrier epithelium, you'll achieve unprecedented access and control in studying CNS permeability for drug distribution studies, as well as for production and extraction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (stemcell.com)
Cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of animal form and tissue pattern. (academicinfluence.com)
The researchers also examined human brain tissue and discovered that Foxp1 is present not only in apical radial glia, as was seen in mice, but also in a second group of neural stem cells called basal radial glia. (newswise.com)
The striking timing and dynamic structures involved in somitogenesis depend on mechanisms operating across a range of scales, as well as interactions between scales," Glazier said referring to a host of mechanisms that occur from the subcellular to the tissue scale. (phys.org)
Previous work has been suggestive, but has never examined whether the interaction of molecular regulation and tissue-level structure was robust enough to provide such plasticity. (phys.org)
Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)

In humans, CCDC103 mutations cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetic syndrome characterized by bronchial scarring, chronic respiratory infections, and infertility. (auburn.edu)
These results support a novel hypothesis that the cerebellar defects in Gpr56 knock-outs, and potentially in human patients with GPR56 mutations, arise from the disrupted adhesion of developing granule cells to the pial BM. (jneurosci.org)
Additionally, DNA methylation patterns are profoundly altered in all human cancers in the absence of mutations in the components of the methylation machinery. (umich.edu)

We describe high resolution, genome-wide dynamic chromatin interaction maps in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as they differentiate into four distinct embryonic cell lineages. (nih.gov)
Two biological replicates of Hi-C experiment and one replicate of CTCF ChIP-Seq experiment in embryonic stem cells and 4 other differentiated cell-types from H1 cell line. (nih.gov)
Researchers have developed a new gene therapy approach that prevents the AIDS virus from entering human cells. (scienceblog.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis showed the highest expression of Reelin in the Cajal-Reztius cells of the marginal zone, in resemblance with observations for the developing brain in humans and other mammalian species. (biomedcentral.com)
The investigators started with macaque embryonic stem cells, which they exposed to a number of growth factors in cell culture. (eurekalert.org)
In contrast, access to models derived from mouse embryonic cells, which grow in lab incubators by the millions, is virtually unlimited. (disabled-world.com)
BAF-L is a male germ cell marker, whose expression is highly associated with the maturation of male germ cells. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, human endocrine cells are not in direct contact with the vascular BM components but with the invaginated peri-islet membrane. (nature.com)
Germ cells don't even appear until the post-embryonic period -- sometimes not until many years later. (sciencedaily.com)
It has long been known that in plants, as the male germline pollen grains develop, they give rise to two sperm cells, and a structure called the vegetative nucleus, also known as the "nurse cell" because it provides energy and nourishment to the sperm cells. (sciencedaily.com)
To generate loss of function knockout mouse we will use gene-targeting technology to disturb the endogenous Zfyve27 gene of the mouse through homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells. (hsp-info.de)
During the past year we have identified the folding patterns of human embryonic stem cells to iPS cells derived from human B cells. (ca.gov)
Briefly, iPS cells derived from human B cells were generated as follows. (ca.gov)
Human B cells were isolated from human cord blood and transduced with viral vectors expressing Oct4, Sox2, KLF4 and c-Myc. (ca.gov)
Next the interactome of the iPS cells was determined and compared to that of human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
Using an ensemble of computational strategies we found that the majority of genomic regions in iPS cells derived from human B cells was indistinguishable from that of human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
Specifically, we found that approximately 700 genomic regions located throughout the genome showed differential nuclear positioning upon comparing iPS cells derived from human lymphoid cells to that of human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
These data indicate that the majority of the genome derived from that of human embryonic stem cells shows a similar pattern in chromatin folding as compared to that of iPS cells derived from human B cells but that they differ from each other in a subset of genomic regions. (ca.gov)
In particular, it has remained unclear as to whether and how the 3D-structures of the ES cells differ from that of differentiated progeny and how such differences relate to function. (ca.gov)
Here, we extended the approach to describe the genome topologies of differentiated human lymphoid and myeloid cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. (ca.gov)
Specifically, we have generated differentiated human myeloid and DP thymocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). (ca.gov)
We plan to scale up the in situ HiC described here to chart the 3D-genomes of human lymphoid and myeloid cells in order to more to determine genomic regions that are differentially localized in the heterochromatic versus euchromatic compartments. (ca.gov)
We also would aim to describe in detail the 3D-architecture of lymphoid and myeloid genomes that are derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. (ca.gov)
During the past three years we have identified the folding patterns of human embryonic stem cells to iPS cells derived from human B cells, differentiated progeny and mechanisms that orchestrate the folding patterns of genomes. (ca.gov)
These findings were important since they provide new insights as to how such regulatory elements find each other with great speed, selectivity and specificity to induce lineage specific patterns of gene expression both in embryonic stem cells and differentiated progeny. (ca.gov)
We foresee that any complex biological process in which cells change gene expression over time can be reconstructed using this approach," Schier said. (scitechdaily.com)
Schier and colleagues profiled more than 38,000 cells, and developed a cellular "family tree" that revealed how gene expression in 25 cell types changed as they specialized. (scitechdaily.com)
At the age of defect onset, GPR56 expression is restricted specifically to developing granule cells in the rostral cerebellum, suggesting that GPR56 regulates properties of these cells. (jneurosci.org)
Since rodent models cannot recapitulate many of the human disease features, human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from Parkinson's patients have been used to generate brain organoids, greatly contributing to our understanding of the disease pathophysiology. (nature.com)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)

The mammalian telencephalon, which comprises the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, basal ganglia (striatum and globus pallidum), and amygdala, is a highly complex and evolutionarily advanced brain structure. (intechopen.com)

Solution structure of the epithelial cadherin domain responsible for selective cell adhesion. (embl.de)

Knowledge of the higher order chromatin structure is critical for understanding mechanisms of gene regulation by long-range control elements such as enhancers and insulators. (nih.gov)
In this process, topological domains remain largely intact but inter-domain association patterns change dramatically, coincident with widespread changes in chromatin state and gene expression. (nih.gov)
As one of the two distinct complexes, namely, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2, PRC2 mediates gene silencing by modulating chromatin structure [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Epigenetic regulation refers to the multiple chemical modifications of DNA or DNA-associated proteins that alter chromatin structure and DNA accessibility in a heritable manner, without changing DNA sequence. (frontiersin.org)

Take an in vitro approach to human neural biomarker discovery and central nervous system (CNS) permeability with human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived organoids patterned to the choroid plexus, the specialized brain epithelium that forms the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. (stemcell.com)

Furthermore, distal lung structures do not develop in these knockout mice. (wikipedia.org)
So far, the expression pattern and the function of EZH2 have been broadly studied in humans [ 11 ] and mice [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Genetic studies of human malformation and mutant mice with deficient neuronal migration have played an integral role in unveiling the existence of signalling pathways that regulate neuronal migration and neuronal detachment from the glial fibers [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Basal radial glia are abundant in the developing human brain, but absent or sparse in the brains of many other animals, including mice. (newswise.com)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)

We first cloned ankef1a and ankef1b, then used whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) to identify the embryonic expression patterns of both paralogs. (auburn.edu)
We examined the expression patterns of rab11a, rab11ba and rab11bb using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. (researchsquare.com)

The molecular mechanisms of human embryogenesis and organogenesis are largely unclear," says co-corresponding author Zhen Liu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Shanghai. (eurekalert.org)
This volume spans a broad range of topics that reflect our current understanding of genetic mechanisms in humans and other organisms. (cshlpress.com)
The mechanisms responsible for the generation of altered DNA methylation patterns in all human cancers are not understood. (umich.edu)

Furthermore, boz is essential for specification of dorsoanterior embryonic structures, including notochord, prechordal mesendoderm, floor plate and forebrain. (zfin.org)

The allelic gene expression patterns can be correlated to epigenetic state at distal enhancers, supporting the role of these elements in regulating gene expression over a distance. (nih.gov)
states'' or gene expression patterns. (lu.se)

Consequent abnormal expression of the cardiac and limb-specific T-box transcription factors lead to the malformations described in HOS. (medscape.com)

Kinetics of homophilic binding by embryonic and adult forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule. (academicinfluence.com)

The forkhead box D3 ( FOXD3 ) gene encodes a forkhead transcription factor that plays an important role in neural crest specification in vertebrates and therefore may be involved in human eye disease. (molvis.org)
The structure and function of FOXD3 are conserved among vertebrates. (molvis.org)

Basic patterns of hormones & early embryonic stages There have been few markers for ovulation & the first 10 post-ovulatory days. (slideserve.com)

This resembles a complete tracheoesophageal fistula, which is a rare congenital condition in humans. (wikipedia.org)
some suggest that the pattern of microRNAs in cancers resembles an embryonic stage. (scienceblog.com)

The key role of somite segmentation in the patterning of the nervous system and the vertebral column has been long known. (scienceblog.com)

Chemical characterization of a neural cell adhesion molecule purified from embryonic brain membranes. (academicinfluence.com)
Preliminary characterization of gene-and putative neurochemical-complexity, and the effect of Aggregata octopiana digestive tract infection on gene expression. (szn.it)

We conclude that the pig might serve as an alternative animal model to study Reelin functions and that manipulation of the pig Reelin could allow the establishment of an animal model for human neuronal migration disorders. (biomedcentral.com)

The copied DNA from each chromosome is arranged into two identical structures, called sister chromatids, which are attached to one another during the early stages of cell division. (medlineplus.gov)

The second position is that of those who believe that the human zygote obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) (cloning) is a different biological entity to the zygote obtained naturally (see our ethical assessment HERE ). (bioethicsobservatory.org)

Scientists have hypothesized that basal radial glia also are connected to the size of the human brain cortex: Their presence in large quantities in the human brain may help explain why it is disproportionately larger than those of other animals. (newswise.com)

The dorsal-ventral pattern of NKX2.1 expression forms the ventral boundary in the anterior foregut. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, the varoli's bridges measures close to 2.5 centimeters in length and a huge part of it appears as a broad anterior bump on top of the medulla (2). (human-memory.net)
The migratory neural crest cell population makes a significant contribution to the anterior segment structures of the eye. (molvis.org)
FOXD3 variants increase the risk of anterior segment dysgenesis phenotypes in humans. (molvis.org)

In C2C12 muscle cell line, Duxbl expression pattern is similar to differentiated marker gene, Myogenin, increased in expression from 2 days onward in differentiating medium. (ntnu.edu.tw)
Whereas α2 laminins promoted islet cell clustering, they did not affect gene expression. (nature.com)
Minimal expression was detectable in oligodendroglial cell bodies as well as in white matter. (hsp-info.de)
Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation, and alternative RNA splicing. (academicinfluence.com)
Cohesin holds the sister chromatids together, and in doing so helps maintain the stability of chromosomal structure during cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)

Hence now it is feasible to assign specific enhancers to distinct promoters and to identify the ensemble of anchors associated with the folding pattern of the genome. (ca.gov)

Crystal structure of CD59: implications for molecular recognition of the complement proteins C8 and C9 in the membrane-attack complex. (sdbonline.org)

However, they did not form fetuses and the structures disappeared after about a week. (eurekalert.org)
system (CNS) of human fetuses (Uchida et al. (lu.se)

There are mouse and human examples in which hair or teeth grow where the other normally does. (blogspot.com)
1994. Ah receptor in embryonic mouse palate and effects of TCDD on receptor expression. (cdc.gov)

Pure ectodermal dysplasias are manifested by defects in ectodermal structures alone, while ectodermal dysplasia syndromes are defined by the combination of ectodermal defects in association with other anomalies. (medscape.com)
Overall, the ectodermal dysplasias were classified into either group A disorders, which were manifested by defects in at least 2 of the 4 classic ectodermal structures as defined above, with or without other defects, and group B disorders, which were manifested by a defect in one classic ectodermal structure (1-4 from above) in combination with (5) a defect in one other ectodermal structure (ie, ears, lips, dermatoglyphics). (medscape.com)

As ZFYVE27 is implicated in HSP, an upper motor neuron disease therefore it is vital to study expression of ZFYVE27 in the central nervous system (CNS) including different divisions of the brain as well as in the spinal cord. (hsp-info.de)

Seyfer et al demonstrated that this is not an apical cap, but an oblong marginal structure thickest at the limb apex. (medscape.com)

The pig possesses a gyrencephalic brain that bears resemblance to the human brain. (biomedcentral.com)
The team also found intriguing hints that Foxp1 might be important for a property specific to the developing human brain. (newswise.com)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is brain. (lu.se)

Y-27632 inhibits keratocyte-to-myofibroblast transition, and its topical application after a superficial lamellar keratectomy elicits an altered wound healing response, with evidence of an embryonic-type deposition of collagen fibrils. (molvis.org)
Insights into the genetic structure of the rabbitfish Chimaera monstrosa (Holocephali) across the Atlantic‐Mediterranean transition zone. (szn.it)
To examine the changes in gene expression during this transition, both live and fixed samples are imaged at different timepoints using spinning disk confocal microscopy. (zeiss.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Genes21

Stages of embryonic development2

Embryos9

Development46

Zebrafish5

Developmental4

Differentiation7

Tissues8

Neurons6

Protein13

Embryo19

Tissue9

Mutations3

Cells33

Mammalian1

Epithelial1

Chromatin4

Pluripotent stem1

Mice6

Hybridization2

Mechanisms3

Forebrain1

Gene expression patterns2

Abnormal expression1

Adult1

Vertebrates2

Hormones1

Resembles2

Somite1

Characterization2

Functions1

Early1

SCNT1

Radial1

Anterior4

Cell7

Distinct1

Proteins1

Fetuses2

Mouse2

Defects2

Nervous system1

Apical1

Brain3

Transition3