Human eggs in stem clone humans. Medical search. Frequent questions

The therapeutic potential of cloned human cells has been demonstrated by another study using human oocytes to reprogram adult cells of a type 1 diabetic. (news-medical.net)
Although attempts have not yet been made to create a therapeutic transplant from embryonic stem cells, the methods have been developed to allow the creation of functional, mature cells using human cell cloning technology. (news-medical.net)
Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
In therapeutic cloning on the other hand, genetic material from a body cell is inserted into an egg cell, replacing the nucleus. (boloji.com)
However, the Senate bill does allow for therapeutic cloning, known as 'nuclear transplantation', for research on therapies that could cure several serious and life-threatening diseases. (boloji.com)
The Society for Women's Health Research, a non-profit group, agrees that therapeutic cloning should be allowed. (boloji.com)
The potential of therapeutic cloning for treating, and perhaps curing, a variety of debilitating diseases demands that the scientific community be allowed to continue this promising work. (boloji.com)
While supporting research that would help to determine whether stem cells have therapeutic effects, they point out that those adult stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and embryonic stem cells not derived from embryos created for research can be used. (boloji.com)
Yesterday, scientists in the United Kingdom announced that they'd been granted permission by the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority to create stem cells by therapeutic cloning. (sentientdevelopments.com)
Canada should follow its lead and permit therapeutic cloning under strict regulation. (sentientdevelopments.com)
In therapeutic cloning, scientists take a human egg from a healthy donor, and remove its nucleus. (sentientdevelopments.com)
Reproductive cloning in humans and therapeutic cloning in primates: is the ethical debate catching up with the recent scientific advances? (bmj.com)
The technique, scientists say, was not designed to clone humans but to advance the understanding of the process known as therapeutic cloning, which could lead to treatment of diseases like diabetes and Parkinson's disease. (cnn.com)
KAGAN: Supporters of therapeutic cloning say it holds tremendous promise of medical research, but ethical concerns arise because the research destroys human embryos. (cnn.com)
A number of large biotech companies and scientists are looking toward stem cells as the basis for a therapeutic solution to cure such illnesses as blindness, diabetes and spinal cord injuries. (thefutureofthings.com)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
This led to the development of therapeutic cloning as a source for genetically matching replacement cells for patients with degenerative diseases. (ed.ac.uk)
However, therapeutic cloning depends on the availability of human eggs, which are in very limited supply. (ed.ac.uk)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)

Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
Their 'Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2002' would prohibit human reproductive cloning by imposing significant criminal and civil penalties in the form of fines (at least $1 million) and up to ten years in prison. (boloji.com)
Further, cloning advocates are seeking to appropriate the language of reproductive rights and freedom of choice to support their case. (boloji.com)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
Since the term "born" has been used as an essential part of the definition of " reproductive cloning " used by Weissman, the National Academy of Sciences, etc., then it is critical to use the accurate term with the proper meaning. (lifeissues.net)
A ABSTRACT Modern advances in human genetic and reproductive technologies are among the recent developments disturbing the balance between the spiritual and the material components of life. (who.int)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)

It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
Some people are very uneasy about creating a human embryo and then dismembering it, however early the stage, to obtain embryonic stem cells from which useful tissues might be grown. (globalchange.com)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
Using this method of embryo manipulation, he next worked out many aspects of the metabolism and development of eggs and early embryos. (avma.org)
PROF. HWANG YOON-YOUNG, HANYANG UNIVERSITY (through translator): Our research team has successfully culled stem cells from a cloned human embryo through mature growing process in a test tube. (cnn.com)
They made this egg divide and turn into blastosis, an early stage embryo. (cnn.com)
After a few days, stem cells were formed, and scientists were able to remove them from the embryo and transfer them to a Petri dish. (cnn.com)
Removing the stem cells destroys the embryo. (cnn.com)
Hwang Woo-suk, a geneticist in South Korea, claimed in Science magazine in 2004 and 2005 that he and a team of researchers had for the first time cloned a human embryo and that they had derived eleven stem cell lines from it. (asu.edu)
But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
Thus, while Ramsey agreed that there is a human being present immediately at fertilization, he did not agree that it was also a human embryo or a human person - the classic "pre-embryo" argument. (lifeissues.net)
The human embryo did not begin until after 14-days, thus the above quote from Saunders would not apply. (lifeissues.net)
Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
6. " ... any living human embryo has the inherent 'potential' to develop into a healthy baby . (lifeissues.net)
Originally the relevant philosophical term was "potency" (or inherent power or capacity conveyed by a specific nature) was used to apply to an already existing substance - such as a new living human embryo. (lifeissues.net)
In that sense, the human embryo would not be even a human being yet, much less a human person. (lifeissues.net)
Thus if by "potential" one means "potency" - i.e., that the early human embryo already exists with a human nature that is already there, and has its own inherent power or capacity (provided by that human nature) to simply grow bigger and bigger through all the usual developmental stages through birth, then such a statement stands as accurate - both scientifically and philosophically. (lifeissues.net)
That is, it would be acknowledging that the human embryo and the human " baby " are the same human being and human person throughout all of his/her development. (lifeissues.net)
On the other hand, if by "potential" one means that the human embryo is not a human being or human person yet , but might be later once it has been born (i.e., a "baby"), then that statement is both scientifically and philosophically incorrect. (lifeissues.net)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
During the process of harvesting embryotic stem cells, the embryo is destroyed. (healthline.com)
Opponents believe that an embryo is a living human being. (healthline.com)
Embryonic stem cell research, however, poses serious ethical concerns because it requires destroying an embryo in order to obtain the cells. (catholicphilly.com)
To say that our rights depend on our physical or mental abilities (the embryo is too weak, is not developed yet, lacks mental capacities, etc.) is to deny the human dignity inherent in every human being. (catholicphilly.com)
Animal human embryo research approved, according to reports BBC News, news@nature and ScienceNOW, 5 September 2007. (creationfactfile.com)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)

By transferring adult cell DNA into an embryonic stem cell, it is possible to create a line of immortal embryonic cells that are able to develop into any type of adult cell, genetically identical to the donor. (news-medical.net)
They derived several human embryonic stem cell lines from these cloned embryos whose DNA was an exact match to the adult cell that donated the DNA. (news-medical.net)
The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)
Today, this technique continues to form the foundation for research on mammalian embryos, including technologies such as transgenic engineering, embryonic stem cell therapy, human in vitro fertilization, mammalian cloning, and knockout engineering. (avma.org)
While regarded by many top scientists as the Holy Grail of medicine, others consider embryonic stem-cell research sacrilegious. (thefutureofthings.com)
Just a few days ago, the news media reported that the first embryonic stem cell clinical trial had been approved in the United States. (catholicphilly.com)
While other countries are publishing important studies showing tremendous progress in clinical trials for organ and tissue repair using adult stem cells, our country continues to be obsessed with embryonic stem cell research to our own detriment. (catholicphilly.com)
As judicial debate continues over whether federal funding of embryonic stem cell research violates current law, the United States should rethink our medical research strategies. (catholicphilly.com)

Induced pluripotent stem cells, another types of pluripotent stem cells derived from any tissue by reprogramming and are the homologous source of stem cells. (benthamscience.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells are valued for their potential to form numerous specialized cells and for their longevity. (asu.edu)
Embryonic stem cells are known as pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
Scientists have recently discovered how to turn adult stem cells into pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
These new types of cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (healthline.com)
Researchers have developed new, non-destructive methods to produce cells with all the properties of embryonic stem cells (called "induced Pluripotent Stem Cells" or iPSC) by "reprogramming" adult cells. (catholicphilly.com)

Robert Geoffrey Edwards, a British developmental biologist at University of Cambridge, began exploring human in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a way to treat infertility in 1960. (asu.edu)
This paper gives an Islamic perspective on some of these advances, including abortion, in vitro fertilization, genetic engineering, cloning and stem cell research. (who.int)

One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
SCNT is a method of cloning mammalian cells that can be used to create personalized embryonic stem cells from an adult animal or human. (news-medical.net)
This has led to a lot of interest in SCNT, which is best known as the method used to pioneer whole animal cloning technology, such as Dolly the sheep. (news-medical.net)
But SCNT can also be used to clone human cells for transplant or other therapies. (news-medical.net)
In humans, a major roadblock in achieving successful SCNT leading to embryonic stem cells has been the fact that human SCNT embryos fail to progress beyond the eight-cell stage. (news-medical.net)
In 2013, scientists reported a successful SCNT procedure by modifying the protocol for specific human oocyte biology. (news-medical.net)
This was the first successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into embryonic stem cells using a cloning technique, SCNT. (news-medical.net)
Another successful attempt at human SCNT was made using cells from two adult males. (news-medical.net)
One of the scientists who wants to try the technique, Stephen Minger of King's College London in the U.K. commented: "The use of nonhuman oocytes (egg cells) for SCNT is currently the only ethically justifiable option given the large numbers of eggs required to derive cloned human stem cell lines. (creationfactfile.com)

Then, in February 2004 he dropped a bombshell, claiming that his SNU research team had cloned the first human embryos and extracted stem cells from them. (koreatimes.co.kr)

Cloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. (news-medical.net)
Embryonic stem cells are immortal, and have the potential to develop into any type of adult cell, even after months growing in culture dishes. (news-medical.net)
The mitochondrial DNA of the stem cells, however, matched the donor egg's mitochondrial DNA. (news-medical.net)
Dermal fibroblasts were taken from a 35-year old male and a 75-year-old male and used to create embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Retrieved on December 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Cloning-Human-Cells.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
The human body is made up of about 220 different kinds of specialized cells such as nerve cells, muscle cells, fat cells and skin cells. (benthamscience.com)
All specialized cells originate from stem cells. (benthamscience.com)
Stem cells are not specialized and the process of their specialization is called differentiation. (benthamscience.com)
Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)
Stem cells are emerging as an important source of material for diseases in regenerative medicine. (benthamscience.com)
The non-embryonic stem cells like adult stem cells are in clinical use for many years and embryonic stem cells are now emerging as an alternative source for the same purpose with huge potentials in drug discovery and toxicological studies. (benthamscience.com)
The study of biology of stem cells is the hallmark of the recent emerging field of regenerative medicine and medical biotechnology. (benthamscience.com)
Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
As the cell begins to divide, scientists believe stem cells can be extracted and grown into tissue or organs. (boloji.com)
If healthy stem cells can be cloned, they can ― potentially ― be used to treat a wide range of conditions using replacement therapy. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Religious groups believe that the raw material from which stem cells are sourced are themselves forms of human life, and by creating little chunks of humans in Petri dishes, scientists are, critics believe, playing God. (koreatimes.co.kr)
they might feel more comfortable with a hybrid solution, if it were shown that the embryonic cow-human stem cells were viable as tissue producers but not capable of becoming a baby. (globalchange.com)
The resulting cell then divides for about a week until it is a small clump of embryonic cells, from which stem cells are removed. (sentientdevelopments.com)
These stem cells are encouraged to become the type of cells needed (say, insulin cells) and then introduced into the patient (with, for example, diabetes). (sentientdevelopments.com)
The key is that the DNA, the genetic material in those embryonic stem cells, comes from the patient, whose immune system won't reject the stem cells. (sentientdevelopments.com)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
From there, Dr. Brinster became interested in modifying the development of animals and their germ lines, and he went on to become the first person to show that it was possible to colonize a mouse blastocyst with stem cells from older embryos. (avma.org)
SOHN JIE-AE, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): South Korean researchers report that they have created embryos through cloning, not for the purpose of making babies, but to create stem cells for scientific research. (cnn.com)
Stem cells are at the forefront of medical research and incite some of the most controversial ethical and religious debates worldwide. (thefutureofthings.com)
Are stem cells to become the future silver bullet of medical practice? (thefutureofthings.com)
In the future, embryonic stem cells may be able to restore sight to millions of people. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
however, there are also stem cells in the adult body. (thefutureofthings.com)
These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to replace damaged heart-muscle cells and are used in practice today . (thefutureofthings.com)
The most common application of adult stem cells is probably the restoration of blood cells for patients with leukemia, and there are many more applications currently in practice. (thefutureofthings.com)
The rest of this article will deal with embryonic stem (ES) cells and the future they hold for modern medicine. (thefutureofthings.com)
A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
James Alexander Thomson, affectionately known as Jamie Thomson, is an American developmental biologist whose pioneering work in isolating and culturing non-human primate and human embryonic stem cells has made him one of the most prominent scientists in stem cell research. (asu.edu)
In the US, where a portion of the population is opposed to destruction of human embryos to obtain stem cells, what avenues are open to scientists for obtaining pluripotent cells that do not offend the moral sensibilities of a significant number of citizens? (asu.edu)
Stem cells are undifferentiated, or "blank," cells. (healthline.com)
Stem cells are cells that haven't differentiated yet. (healthline.com)
Since stem cells have the ability to turn into various other types of cells, scientists believe that they can be useful for treating and understanding diseases. (healthline.com)
There are several types of stem cells that can be used for different purposes. (healthline.com)
Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are three to five days old. (healthline.com)
Adult stem cells have a misleading name, because they are also found in infants and children. (healthline.com)
These stem cells come from developed organs and tissues in the body. (healthline.com)
For example, hematopoietic stem cells are a type of adult stem cell found in bone marrow. (healthline.com)
Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
Adult stem cells can't differentiate into as many other types of cells as embryonic stem cells can. (healthline.com)
To create iPSCs, scientists genetically reprogram the adult stem cells so they behave like embryonic stem cells. (healthline.com)
The breakthrough has created a way to "de-differentiate" the stem cells. (healthline.com)
Cord blood stem cells are harvested from the umbilical cord after childbirth. (healthline.com)
Stem cells have also been found in amniotic fluid. (healthline.com)
However, more research is needed to help understand the potential uses of amniotic fluid stem cells. (healthline.com)
Adult stem cells don't present any ethical problems. (healthline.com)
However, in recent years, there has been controversy surrounding the way human embryonic stem cells are obtained. (healthline.com)
A trick that persuades human eggs to divide as if they have been fertilised could provide a source of embryonic stem cells that sidesteps ethical objections to existing techniques. (newscientist.com)
There are high hopes that stem cells, which can develop into many different cell types, could be used to treat a range of diseases. (newscientist.com)
The tricked eggs divide for four or five days until they reach 50 to 100 cells - the blastocyst stage. (newscientist.com)
These blastocysts should in theory yield stem cells, but because they are parthenogenetic - produced from the egg only - they cannot be viewed as a potential human life, says Karl Swann of the University of Wales College of Medicine in Cardiff, UK. (newscientist.com)
Swann hopes to be the first to harvest embryonic stem cells from human parthenogenetic blastocysts, but other scientists are trying different approaches. (newscientist.com)
A similar approach has yielded stem cells from parthenogenetic monkey blastocysts ( New Scientist print edition, 6 October 2001). (newscientist.com)
Briggs and King were the first to perform cloning by nuclear transfer using eggs and cells from the Northern Leopard Frog, Rana pipiens . (ed.ac.uk)
Although these experiments were successful when Briggs and King used unspecialised cells, they found that they could not make cloned frogs when they used more specialised cells. (ed.ac.uk)
In 1958, Gurdon showed otherwise by making clones using specialised cells from the intestines of tadpoles of a different species ( Xenopus laevis ). (ed.ac.uk)
While his tadpoles matured to fully functioning adult frogs at the time, subsequent experiments trying to clone frogs using fully adult cells only produced tadpoles that did not mature. (ed.ac.uk)
Together, Gurdon's and the Dolly team's successes introduced the concept of reprogramming the DNA of specialized cells to be able to make new organisms or new stem cells. (ed.ac.uk)
Our menu today includes rice, beans and embryonic stem cells. (catholicphilly.com)
Adult stem cells are nowadays widely used in the treatment of many types of cancer and other severe illnesses, and many clinical trials have already shown benefit to patients with heart problems, corneal damage, multiple sclerosis and numerous other devastating conditions. (catholicphilly.com)
Additionally, the so touted "potential benefits" are in this case more than questionable, given the great unresolved medical problems - including their propensity to create tumors - that embryonic stem cells pose. (catholicphilly.com)
Moreover, because embryonic stem cells can be rejected as foreign tissue by patients' bodies, are very unstable and are difficult to develop into just one cell type at a time, great numbers of viable human embryos with different genetic profiles may be needed to continue this line of research. (catholicphilly.com)
Nowadays we know that stem cells from adult tissues, as well as those associated with a live birth (such as the umbilical cord, placenta, amniotic fluid, etc.) are far more versatile than originally thought. (catholicphilly.com)
Some people, like Dr. Bernardine Healy, former National Institutes of Health (NIH) director, even say that the development of these new cells and their potential is making embryonic stem cells "obsolete. (catholicphilly.com)
The Human Fertilisation and Embryology authority in the UK have approved research using embryos created by mixing human and animal cells. (creationfactfile.com)
The scientists hope to induce the cell to divide and form embryonic stem cells, which they will then use for research into stem cell therapy for human diseases, e.g. (creationfactfile.com)
The reason for wanting to use animal cells for this research is that there are not enough human eggs available for the research. (creationfactfile.com)
To try to mix human and animal cells is denying that humans are unique creations and flying in the face of the God who made them. (creationfactfile.com)
A clone is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual. (msdmanuals.com)
In the now-famous "Dolly" experiments, cells from a sheep (donor cells) were fused with unfertilized sheep eggs from another sheep (recipient cells) from which the natural genetic material was removed by microsurgery. (msdmanuals.com)
Then the genetic material from the donor cells was transferred into the unfertilized eggs. (msdmanuals.com)
As expected, Dolly was an exact genetic copy of the original sheep from which the donor cells were taken, not of the sheep that provided the eggs. (msdmanuals.com)
For example, certain cells called stem cells have the potential to produce a wide variety of tissue types or even possibly an entire organism. (msdmanuals.com)

Let's wind back the clock: these scientists had already carried out successful human nuclear transfer into an unfertilised egg before Dolly the sheep clone had been made. (globalchange.com)
South Korean scientists say they have taken a major step forward in cloning human embryos for medical research purposes. (cnn.com)
JIE-AE: And scientists also caution it will take years of further research before stem cell science turns into actual therapies. (cnn.com)
1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)

There is no way that human cloning could be developed without unethical mass experimentation on women and children,' they said. (boloji.com)
As such, we predict that nothing will come of it that is any use for curing human diseases, and it is unethical to give suffering people false hope. (creationfactfile.com)
Creating a human by cloning is widely seen as unethical, is illegal in many countries, and is technically difficult. (msdmanuals.com)

A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)

After successfully overcoming the problem of making mammalian oocytes mature in vitro in 1965, Edwards began to experiment with fertilizing matured eggs in vitro. (asu.edu)

7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
Unlike unfertilized eggs, these laboratory-made eggs had a complete set of chromosomes and genes. (msdmanuals.com)

Whether a cell used for a clone produces a specific type of tissue, a specific organ, or an entire organism depends on the potential of the cell-that is, how highly the cell has developed into a particular type of tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

a) Note, again, the reference to only sexual human reproduction - "the moment of conception" - i.e., fertilization. (lifeissues.net)

Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)
The embryos appear to undergo the same changes as naturally fertilised eggs, producing waves of calcium ions across the cell every 20 to 30 minutes. (newscientist.com)
Unlike eggs fertilized naturally (with sperm), the laboratory-made eggs received genetic material from only one source. (msdmanuals.com)

But even they omitted to tell us anything until Dolly was seven months old, well over a year after the cloning technique was successfully carried out and a good two to three years perhaps after they began their secretive work. (globalchange.com)
However, his results and improved methods inspired researchers at The Roslin Institute to use nuclear transfer to clone sheep and produce Dolly the Sheep, the first animal to be cloned from an adult cell. (ed.ac.uk)

The "Human Genome Project" established the DNA sequence of the 30 thousand human genes, helping create radical new medical therapies. (course-notes.org)

American feminists and women's health activists are debating on the difficult issue of human cloning and stem cell research. (boloji.com)
The bill also applies Federal ethical regulations on human subject research and outlaws the transfer of cloned embryos to a woman's uterus or to any artificial womb. (boloji.com)
At the same time, the statement calls for a five-year moratorium on the use of cloning to create human embryos for research purposes. (boloji.com)
Stem cell research", where zygotes or fertilized human eggs, offered possible cures for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. (course-notes.org)
The Bush administration, and many religious groups, believed that this research was killing people in the form of a human fetus. (course-notes.org)
For this reason, he limited government funding for stem cell research. (course-notes.org)
The neo-conservative administration of George W Bush ― an administration with a strongly Christian support base to appease ― banned stem cell research. (koreatimes.co.kr)
They took a cell from Dr Jose Cibelli, a research scientist and combined it with a cows egg from which the genes had already been removed. (globalchange.com)
Now the U.K. is positioned to lead the world in translating the potential benefits of stem-cell research into patients. (sentientdevelopments.com)
Research ethics and lessons from Hwanggate: what can we learn from the Korean cloning fraud? (bmj.com)
Is a consensus possible on stem cell research? (bmj.com)
YOON-YOUNG (through translator): The result of our research proves it is possible scientifically for human cloning, and we are likely to revive the controversy over human cloning. (cnn.com)
Recent advances in the field of stem-cell research are giving hope to millions. (thefutureofthings.com)
In the article, the authors present an account of two decades' worth of scientific research that describes the effects of certain pollutants on the health of wildlife, domestic animals, and humans, particularly when exposure takes place during embryonic growth. (asu.edu)
I knew and had great respect for the famous Protestant theologian and bioethicist Paul Ramsey, and used much of his work concerning the use of human subjects in research in my own. (lifeissues.net)
They don't think the fertilized eggs should be used for research. (healthline.com)
This could eliminate one of the main sources of ethical controversy in this research," says Bob Lanza, head of research at the cloning company Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts. (newscientist.com)
Is it permissible to directly kill human beings to make them the object of scientific research or to save other adult human beings? (catholicphilly.com)
The mass production of human embryos also poses important ethical challenges, including the cloning of human embryos in laboratories for research purposes and the probable exploitation of women to obtain the eggs needed for such production. (catholicphilly.com)
This research assumes that the animal cytoplasm will not make any difference as only the human DNA in the nucleus will determine how the cell will function. (creationfactfile.com)

The genes activated and the egg began to divide in the normal way up to the 32 cell stage at which it was destroyed. (globalchange.com)
Technically 1% of the human clone genes would have belonged to the cow - the mitochondria genes. (globalchange.com)
For a start it raises the biggest question of all: how many human genes does a cow or monkey have to gain before we give it human rights? (globalchange.com)
Monkeys and humans have 97% of genes in common so if the right 1.6% were transferred from a human to a monkey we could land up with a monkey more human than animal. (globalchange.com)
And for the theologians another question: how many human genes does an animal have to have to need salvation? (globalchange.com)
Later, Dr. Brinster began to wonder whether he could inject genes instead of mRNA into the eggs. (avma.org)
Allan C. Wilson studied genes, proteins, and body structures of animals and humans in the US during the second half of the twentieth century. (asu.edu)
Biologically, it contains a complete set of human genes. (catholicphilly.com)

The cloning method is based on the fact that cytoplasmic factors in mature, metaphase II oocytes are able to reset the identity of a transplanted adult cell nucleus to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
In the Science articles, Hwang stated that all of the women who donated eggs to his laboratory were volunteers who donated their eggs (oocytes) without receiving any compensation in return. (asu.edu)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
This was a huge step towards establishing human IVF as a viable fertility treatment. (asu.edu)

This should remove the ethical objections that some people have to harvesting from donated human embryos. (newscientist.com)

Gurdon used the technique of nuclear transfer to remove the DNA from a tadpole's intestinal cell and place it into an egg cell. (ed.ac.uk)
The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)

In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
It is quite possible that the advances in human biology in the remainder of the twentieth century will be remembered as the most significant scientific achievement of the animal species known as Homo sapiens . (lifeissues.net)

Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
I Corinthians 15:39) Paul's basis for this statement is that all the different kinds of animals were made as separate creations and human beings are unique creations made in the image of God. (creationfactfile.com)
In recent years, advances in technology, especially in the fields of genetic engineering, biochemistry, nanotechnologies, and artificial intelligence, have provided human beings with new ways of being, understanding and acting in the world. (bvsalud.org)
The term Transhumanism was introduced by Julian Huxley in 1957, when he explicitly discussed the possibility of human beings transcending their limited biological condition by using emerging technologies. (bvsalud.org)

At the top of the list comes the zygote-a fertilized egg, which of course has the ability to divide and differentiate into all cell types in the body and create a new organism. (thefutureofthings.com)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)

Considered contrary to the moral law, since (it is in) opposition to the dignity both of human procreation and of the conjugal union. (wikiquote.org)
DARYN KAGAN, ANCHOR: Another story we're watching very closely today, the medical and moral debate over cloning. (cnn.com)
A technological revolution seems to be taking place, involving the merge of drugs and technological devices with the human body, aiming a supposed improvement of the biological and moral conditions of human species. (bvsalud.org)

They are present in sperm and eggs. (globalchange.com)
Swann's team tricked the eggs into dividing by injecting phospholipase C-zeta (PLC-zeta), an enzyme produced by sperm that Swann discovered two years ago with Cardiff colleague Tony Lai. (newscientist.com)
One IVF technique involves injecting sperm directly into eggs in the lab and then implanting them into the woman's womb. (newscientist.com)

Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
The world's first human clone of an adult has now been made, by an American biotechnology company in Massachusetts, Advanced Cell Technology. (globalchange.com)

General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)

Hwang's early work was with pigs and cows, though his cloning experiments in this field, while gaining him some visibility within Korea, were not backed up by internationally credible data. (koreatimes.co.kr)
He injected messenger RNA into mouse eggs in his pilot experiments and experienced some success. (avma.org)
To assist with these experiments, he used ultraviolet light to destroy the egg cell's original DNA and to make the egg cell's membrane easier to penetrate. (ed.ac.uk)

And their work is reigniting the ethical debate over human cloning of any kind. (cnn.com)

Nevertheless, the report is sure to spark a renewal of the debate over whether all forms of human cloning should be banned. (cnn.com)

Breakthroughs in cloning animals raised questions about the morality of cloning humans. (course-notes.org)

There could be one benefit of the human to cows egg transfers. (globalchange.com)

It has not yet been " ensouled " - and so is not yet a " person " - i.e., a human subject to be protected from abuse in experimentation. (lifeissues.net)
The goal of this trial is to determine the safety of this kind of experimentation in humans, not its effectiveness in healing patients. (catholicphilly.com)
Further observational studies and experimentation are needed to identify additional factors that might cause abnormalities in egg morphology and production. (cdc.gov)

Human cloning involves creating embryos with the intent of implanting them in women to produce children. (boloji.com)
The technique involves removing the nucleus of an egg cell from an animal, such as a cow or a rabbit, and inserting the nucleus of human cell. (creationfactfile.com)

This technique is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)

Although morphology and behaviors of humans (Homo sapiens) and great apes differ, Wilson found that they have biochemical and genetic similarities. (asu.edu)
On the basis of our observations and historical literature, we propose that unusual development and morphology of nematode and trematode eggs are associated with early infection. (cdc.gov)
Abnormal egg morphology can be observed early in the course of infection and can confound accurate diagnosis of intestinal helminthiases. (cdc.gov)

In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
Gurdon's results surprised the scientific community and stirred talk of the possibility of cloning other animals, including humans. (ed.ac.uk)
However, such simple techniques do not work with higher animals, such as sheep or humans. (msdmanuals.com)
Studies suggest that cloned higher animals (and thus humans) are more likely to have serious or fatal genetic defects than normally conceived offspring. (msdmanuals.com)
We describe instances of malformed nematode eggs (primarily from members of the superfamily Ascaridoidea) from human clinical practice and experimental trials on animals. (cdc.gov)

a) It would seem that Saunders uses the "potential" argument here quite appropriately, but it is critical that the term be understood properly in order to deflect any misunderstandings or misinterpretations - especially if the term were to be used in any U. N. treaty on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
If the term "potential" were to be incorporated into a U. N. treaty on human cloning, it would be necessary to clarify its use as referring to an already existing human being/person. (lifeissues.net)

The first obstacle to cloning your dog is that $100,000 cost. (wikiquote.org)
There is a tendency in at least some individuals always to search for a way around every obstacle and limitation to human life and happiness (Bostrom, 2005, p. 1). (bvsalud.org)

They put the nucleus of the patient's cell into the egg whose nucleus has been removed. (sentientdevelopments.com)
The resulting cell is called a "cybrid" rather than a hybrid, because it has a human nucleus and animal cytoplasm. (creationfactfile.com)
Cytoplasm contains animal DNA (in the mitochondria), which must work with the human DNA in the nucleus if the cell is to function properly. (creationfactfile.com)

Human eggs contain two sets of chromosomes, one of which is normally jettisoned within two hours of fertilisation. (newscientist.com)

It's the spark of life," says Swann, who has previously showed that the human version of the protein can trigger mouse eggs to develop into blastocysts. (newscientist.com)

Technologies, assumed as key factors towards the development of human species, give access to multiple means of modifying it. (bvsalud.org)
According to Bostrom (2005), examples, such as the search for the fountain of youth, the elixir of life, and other myths and idealizations, demonstrate that the desire to overcome human biological finitude is almost inherent to the species. (bvsalud.org)
The human desire to acquire new capacities is as ancient as our species itself. (bvsalud.org)
Transhumanism, in this perspective, is seen as a constant search for biological rearrangement of human species dissatisfied in the face of its own limitations. (bvsalud.org)

The term stem cell can be defined by two very important qualities: the cell has the ability to self-renew and, in a more general sense, the cell has not completed differentiation into its final state. (thefutureofthings.com)

She worries that the demand for women's eggs could create 'an unseemly market' in which low-income women would harvest and sell their eggs for financial gain. (boloji.com)
In June 2002, numerous international organizations joined the Collective in issuing a statement on human cloning in which they called on Congress to pass a strong, effective ban on using human cloning to create a human being. (boloji.com)

A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)

JIE-AE: The researchers took an egg from a Korean woman, removed all the material from that egg, then injected DNA from another cell from the same woman with a chemical bath. (cnn.com)

But in order to become a part of medical history, parahuman reproduction and human genetic engineering must circumvent the recalcitrance of an antiquated culture. (lifeissues.net)

Anatomy41

Organisms25

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care1

Therapeutic21

Reproductive11

Embryo27

Embryonic stem8

Pluripotent stem6

Vitro fertilization2

SCNT9

Extracted stem cells1

Cells83

Scientists4

Unethical3

Blastocyst1

Mammalian1

Complete set of chromosomes2

Tissue1

Fertilization1

Naturally3

Dolly2

Therapies1

Research20

Genes8

Oocytes2

Viable3

Donated human embryos1

Nuclear2

Biology2

Beings4

Divide1

Ethically2

Moral3

Sperm3

Biotechnology2

Prohibit1

Experiments3

Ethical debate1

Debate1

Morality1

Cows1

Experimentation3

Involves2

Dignity1

Morphology3

Animals5

Potential2

Obstacle2

Nucleus3

Fertilisation1

Mouse eggs1

Species4

Differentiation1

Create2

Organism1

Korean1

Reproduction1