Human eggs for cloning human embryonic stem cells clone humans for reproductive. Medical search. Frequent questions

a nucleus was taken from a man's leg cell and inserted into a cow's egg from which the nucleus had been removed, and the hybrid cell was cultured and developed into an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
In this case, each embryo was created by taking a nucleus from a skin cell (donated by Wood and a colleague) and inserting it into a human egg from which the nucleus had been removed. (wikipedia.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
The egg is artificially stimulated to divide and behave in a similar way to an embryo fertilised by sperm. (eurostemcell.org)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
During the process of harvesting embryotic stem cells, the embryo is destroyed. (healthline.com)
Opponents believe that an embryo is a living human being. (healthline.com)
The fusion ultimately gives rise to a microscopic embryo, from which embryonic stem cells can theoretically be derived. (the-scientist.com)
In the best case, an early embryo consisting of a few cells may form, but these are not capable of giving rise to human life, nor hESCs for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
The resulting clone developed into a microscopic embryo, which survived long enough for pluripotent stem cell lines to be derived. (the-scientist.com)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
The predominant bioethical concern arising from this technology is that the blastocyt-stage embryo must be destroyed in the process of isolating and separating the embryonic stem cells from the inner mass region of the pre-embryo. (jcpa.org)
The destruction of the pre-embryo has been the critical issue in the U.S. behind imposing limits on federal government-sponsored research in embryonic stem cells. (jcpa.org)
Many politicians, religious leaders, and bioethicists believe that any destruction of the pre-implanted embryo or fertilized egg is akin to murder. (jcpa.org)
it cannot work properly, and so the cloned embryo grows in an uncontrolled way. (irfi.org)
Dr John Parrington, a cloning expert at University College London, pointed out that more than one gene behaved in a way that might cause problems in a growing cloned human embryo. (irfi.org)
On April 11, 2003, Washington Post Staff Writer, Rick Weiss, reported 'New research suggests that it may be a lot harder to clone people than to clone other animals, an unexpected scientific twist that could influence the escalating congressional debate over human cloning and embryo research. (irfi.org)
In the light of this information, Congress could settle for less stringent restrictions on embryo cloning studies, which scientists favor. (irfi.org)
But opponents of human embryo research were afraid that the new research not only identifies previously unrecognized hurdles to human cloning, but also points the way to overcoming those hurdles. (irfi.org)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
A little shot of electricity comes next, and if all goes well, a new human cloned embryo comes into being and begins to develop in the same way as a sexually created embryo. (cbc-network.org)
Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
Thus to use the phrase "of an existing or previously existing human being" to refer to the product of human cloning would not be a scientifically accurate description of the cloned or genetically engineered human embryo -- thus creating yet another loophole in the bill or treaty. (lifeissues.net)
The resulting embryo is then implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in the birth of an animal genetically identical to the body cell donor. (geminigenetics.com)
Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
An electrical impulse is then applied to the egg cell to stimulate it to become an embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
Though pet cloning may be considered a relatively new technology, the process of cloning as defined above is first documented in 1885, where Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch demonstrated artificial embryo twinning on a sea-urchin. (geminigenetics.com)

In 2004 and 2005, Hwang Woo-suk, a professor at Seoul National University, published two separate articles in the journal Science claiming to have successfully harvested pluripotent, embryonic stem cells from a cloned human blastocyst using SCNT techniques. (wikipedia.org)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
Most researchers obtain embryonic stem cells from the inner mass of a blastocyst, an embryonic stage when a fertilized egg has divided into 128 cells. (jcpa.org)
The stem cells derived from the inner mass of a blastocyst lack the ability to form a fetus when implanted into a woman, but are self-renewing and can be maintained for long periods of time in the laboratory as undifferentiated stem cells. (jcpa.org)

In January 2008, Dr. Andrew French and Samuel Wood of the biotechnology company Stemagen announced that they successfully created the first five mature human embryos using SCNT. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)
Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are three to five days old. (healthline.com)
The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
A couple of studies show some success in generating early microscopic embryos, but this [study] is the first successful pluripotent stem cell line," said Daley. (the-scientist.com)
This could help researchers identify abnormalities in iPSC differentiation, correct them, and develop pluripotent stem cells that don't harbor tumorigenic qualities and do not require the use of human embryos. (the-scientist.com)
Scientists want to make cloned human embryos to get embryonic stem cells, which live inside early embryos and have the potential to cure a wide array of diseases. (irfi.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
Most human embryos reproduced by most human cloning techniques would actually be genetically unique -- i.e., having never existed before. (lifeissues.net)
When a fertilised egg separates into two or more embryos with almost identical DNA, these twins are created. (geminigenetics.com)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

With the cloning of a sheep known as Dolly in 1996 by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the idea of human cloning became a hot debate topic. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
Even the world's most famous sheep clone, Dolly, who died recently suffered from problems linked to this gene. (irfi.org)
It seems that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, and the authors have allowed themselves to over-interpretate their interesting results,' said Professor Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, in Edinburgh, leader of the team, which cloned Dolly the sheep. (irfi.org)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
The cloning of 'Dolly The Sheep' in 1996 by the Rosalind Institute in Scotland, UK, is the most recognised example of reproductive cloning. (geminigenetics.com)

The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)
Asexual reproduction is a natural method used by certain plants, bacteria, and single-celled creatures to create genetically identical offspring, i.e. clones. (geminigenetics.com)
A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)

Two common methods of therapeutic cloning that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer and (more recently) pluripotent stem cell induction. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells are known as pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
Scientists have recently discovered how to turn adult stem cells into pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
These new types of cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (healthline.com)
The first pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been generated from somatic cell nuclear transfer, according to a study published today (October 5) in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
The advance here is the proof that somatic cell nuclear transfer can work [in human cells] and can fully reset the donor cell genome to a pluripotent state," said Harvard Medical School's George Daley , who was not affiliated with the study. (the-scientist.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer has shown limited success in animal studies, which have successfully isolated pluripotent cells. (the-scientist.com)
Noggle said the findings may also pave the way for better induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which form when somatic cells are regressed to a pluripotent state through the use of genetic factors. (the-scientist.com)

Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
Imagine a world in which human beings can be replicated using cloning. (visit-now.net)
human beings have developed innovative technologies to treat and cure disease, to enhance human living conditions, and to protect or improve the environment. (jcpa.org)
Can Human beings be Cloned? (irfi.org)
The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)

It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

Nobel Prize-winning geneticist Joshua Lederberg advocated cloning and genetic engineering in an article in The American Naturalist in 1966 and again, the following year, in The Washington Post. (wikipedia.org)
These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
These cells have been successfully used to treat children with blood cancers, such as leukemia, and certain genetic blood disorders. (healthline.com)
The findings validate this controversial method, and may one day allow therapeutic stem cells to be created from a patient's own genetic material. (the-scientist.com)
For example many clones die early or they are born with genetic deformities, and develop terminal illnesses such as cancer. (irfi.org)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
Many of these accurate definitions can also be used in bills and treaties concerning related issues, e.g., human embryonic stem cell research, human genetic engineering, abortion, the use of abortifacients, conscience clauses, IVF and other artificial reproductive technology research and regulation, etc. (lifeissues.net)
A clone is a copy of a substance that shares the same genetic make-up as the original. (geminigenetics.com)
After being free from human interference and the addition of new cattle for over 1000 years, this UK Native breed are considered so genetically similar that they are in fact, genetic clones of each other. (geminigenetics.com)
The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
The DNA within the skin sample is cultured and inserted into a donor egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)

XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)
At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)
Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
This is the most known form of cloning and involves creating a genetically identical replica of a whole organism. (geminigenetics.com)

Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

In this experiment, the researchers developed a protocol for using SCNT in human cells, which differs slightly from the one used in other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
Before the technique will ever make it to the clinic, however, researchers must find a way to remove genomic material from the egg cell. (the-scientist.com)
For the first time researchers can now compare iPSC differentiation to the same process an egg goes through after the transfer of a somatic cell genome. (the-scientist.com)
While women have always been paid for donating their eggs for in vitro fertilization, ethical guidelines have prevented researchers from paying women for their eggs. (the-scientist.com)
As most women will not donate altruistically, this has left researchers working with the poor-quality eggs rejected from in vitro fertilization. (the-scientist.com)
The researchers also say finding that the gene works in a different way in humans from animals such as rats and mice has raised questions about large areas of medical research. (irfi.org)
Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)

Since stem cells have the ability to turn into various other types of cells, scientists believe that they can be useful for treating and understanding diseases. (healthline.com)
This could allow us to create cells that are useful for transplantation for a variety of diseases without the problem of immunological rejection," said Noggle in a press briefing. (the-scientist.com)
While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)
Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
The petition recognizes that many "Canadians suffer from debilitating illnesses and diseases" and that the petitioners "support ethical stem cell research that has already shown encouraging potential to provide cures and therapies for these illnesses and diseases. (lifesitenews.com)
While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)
The recovered stem cells can then be used in the treatment of diseases and to aid the recovery of injuries. (geminigenetics.com)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)

Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)
Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)

Two commonly discussed types of human cloning are therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
Humans and other mammals may produce natural clones, commonly referred to as identical twins. (geminigenetics.com)

In 2011, scientists at the New York Stem Cell Foundation announced that they had succeeded in generating embryonic stem cell lines, but their process involved leaving the oocyte's nucleus in place, resulting in triploid cells, which would not be useful for cloning. (wikipedia.org)
In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer typically involves the transfer of genomic information from a somatic cell into an unfertilized egg cell whose nucleus has been removed. (the-scientist.com)
Instead of removing the egg genome prior to nuclear transfer, he and his colleagues added the somatic cell nucleus directly to the intact egg. (the-scientist.com)
In the case of asexually creating a human, the biotechnologist removes the nucleus from a mature human egg (an oocyte). (cbc-network.org)
The nucleus of a body cell from the DNA donor is removed, and put into the place formerly occupied by the egg's nucleus. (cbc-network.org)
When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)
The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)

In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)

In 2013, a group of scientists led by Shoukhrat Mitalipov published the first report of embryonic stem cells created using SCNT. (wikipedia.org)
The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)

The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. (wikipedia.org)
If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
This means they can potentially produce new cells for any organ or tissue. (healthline.com)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

The triploid cells aren't suitable for therapeutic purposes, and future efforts will be focused on trying to eliminate the [egg cell] genome," said Daley, who wrote an accompanying News & Views in Nature . (the-scientist.com)

your supposed cloning ban actually authorizes human cloning, implantation, and gestation through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)

Reproductive cloning would involve making an entire cloned human, instead of just specific cells or tissues. (wikipedia.org)
These stem cells come from developed organs and tissues in the body. (healthline.com)

While iPSCs avoid the ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells, the methods used to derive them sometimes induce mutations in cancer causing genes, making them unsuitable for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)

A breakthrough in somatic cell nuclear transfer opens the possibility of producing human embryonic stem cells with a patient's own genes. (the-scientist.com)

Research ethics and lessons from Hwanggate: what can we learn from the Korean cloning fraud? (bmj.com)
Is a consensus possible on stem cell research? (bmj.com)
What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
However, more research is needed to help understand the potential uses of amniotic fluid stem cells. (healthline.com)
They don't think the fertilized eggs should be used for research. (healthline.com)
Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
And he also agrees that if we don't find global agreement on human cloning, "we can probably expect dire consequences for the future of biomedical research and its impact on society at large. (lifeissues.net)
But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
As part of the study, Noggle and his colleagues developed new protocols that allow women to choose between giving their eggs to research or in vitro fertilization programs. (the-scientist.com)
According to the researcher's new protocols, women are paid to donate, but only later choose whether their eggs should go to research or in vitro fertilization. (the-scientist.com)
In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
In 2009, in a major reversal of U.S. policy, President Obama signed an executive order pledging to "vigorously support" embryonic stem cell research. (jcpa.org)
They were optimistic based on the research carried out into human genetics. (irfi.org)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
The bill purports to promote stem-cell research, while outlawing the cloning of a human being. (cbc-network.org)
The "pros" and "cons" of human cloning research have already been dealt with at length in the literature, so they will not be reviewed here. (lifeissues.net)
Rather, after having published analyses of dozens of state, national, federal and international legislative attempts to ban human cloning research, I simply wish to offer seriously considered suggestions for the use of scientifically accurate language and definitions to be used in such endeavors in order to prevent loopholes which would result in much human cloning not being really banned. (lifeissues.net)

For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)

The possibilities of human cloning have raised controversies. (wikipedia.org)

More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
In humans, somatic transfer has been less fruitful-the egg cell quits dividing and often dies after nuclear transfer. (the-scientist.com)

Therapeutic cloning would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants. (wikipedia.org)
Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)

Although the possibility of cloning humans had been the subject of speculation for much of the 20th century, scientists and policymakers began to take the prospect seriously in 1969. (wikipedia.org)
Many nations outlawed it, while a few scientists promised to make a clone within the next few years. (wikipedia.org)
To create iPSCs, scientists genetically reprogram the adult stem cells so they behave like embryonic stem cells. (healthline.com)
Scientists are hoping that the cells can be made from someone's own skin to treat a disease. (healthline.com)
This policy is similar to that of other countries, including Israel, where scientists are funded by Government to study embryonic stem cells despite the aforementioned bioethical issue. (jcpa.org)
In the middle of the year 2001 a group of scientists said cloning humans might be easier than cloning animals. (irfi.org)
Many scientists were dismayed and scientists involved in animal cloning warned of the many practical problems in cloning. (irfi.org)
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina say the reason of all these problems may be one specific gene, which is responsible for controlling the way in which cells grow. (irfi.org)
The new work by scientists in Pittsburgh provides an explanation for why hundreds of attempts to clone monkeys have all failed despite successes in several other mammals. (irfi.org)
The scientists said they suspect that similar roadblocks exist for all primates -- the evolutionary grouping that includes monkeys and humans. (irfi.org)
The newly discovered obstacle makes it more likely than ever that rogue scientists' recent claims to have created cloned babies were fraud. (irfi.org)

To achieve this success, Scott Noggle at the New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory took a unique approach to the process. (the-scientist.com)
The process has been rife with delay, people caught within human rights complaints usually feel like they're lost in some kind of Kafkaesque nightmare. (lifesitenews.com)
If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
Pet cloning is the process where a genetically identical twin is created of your original animal companion. (geminigenetics.com)

In the end, the egg cell contained three sets of chromosomes-two from the diploid somatic cell, and one from the haploid egg. (the-scientist.com)

Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)

Note that each and every individual "loophole" discussed below that permits human cloning by default (and most bills have literally dozens of such loopholes) thus permits it for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" human cloning. (lifeissues.net)

Understanding human [eggs'] ability to reprogram could shed light on improved methods for reprograming," said Noggle. (the-scientist.com)

There are also naturally occurring clones among animal populations. (geminigenetics.com)
As well as their distinctive white markings and long curved horns, these cattle are special because they are now considered a herd of naturally occurring clones. (geminigenetics.com)

Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
As the fertilized egg divides from one cell into two, physicians can separate these two cells and implant each one of them into a woman's uterus to generate two genetically identical children. (jcpa.org)

In addition, specific proteins or biological substances can be added to these stem cell cultures to transform them in the laboratory into a large variety of specialized cell types, such as nerve, liver, muscle, bone, and blood cells. (jcpa.org)
Meanwhile, the ability of the mature egg to transform and begin embryonic development remains fully potent. (cbc-network.org)
However, it appears that the ability of the In its simplest form, cloning is defined stem cells to transform is limited, except as the exact replication of cells. (who.int)

Reproductive cloning in humans and therapeutic cloning in primates: is the ethical debate catching up with the recent scientific advances? (bmj.com)
You can't say, taking this information in isolation, that it's easier to clone primates and humans,' he said. (irfi.org)

Similarly, when the fertilized egg divides from two cells into four cells, each of these four cells has the potential to individually form a human fetus. (jcpa.org)
However, by the time the fertilized egg divides into 8 or 16 cells something changes and each respective cell, if separated, no longer has the potential to create a fetus. (jcpa.org)

This would have been the first major breakthrough in human cloning. (wikipedia.org)
The breakthrough has created a way to "de-differentiate" the stem cells. (healthline.com)

The findings are published in the journal Human Molecular Genetics, but have been criticized in Britain. (irfi.org)

The first hybrid human clone was created in November 1998, by Advanced Cell Technology. (wikipedia.org)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)

Cloning can in fact occur as a natural phenomenon. (geminigenetics.com)

But in many animals other than humans, one of these genes is turned off. (irfi.org)

The zygote divides into two cells, then four cells, and so on. (healthline.com)
When a stem cell divides, it can either remain a stem cell or turn into a differentiated cell, such as a muscle cell or a red blood cell. (healthline.com)

Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)

The first obstacle to cloning your dog is that $100,000 cost. (wikiquote.org)

So long as this form of cloning (non-human) in different culture media. (who.int)

It defines the term "cloning of a human being" inaccurately. (cbc-network.org)

Considered contrary to the moral law, since (it is in) opposition to the dignity both of human procreation and of the conjugal union. (wikiquote.org)

They make new red blood cells, white blood cells, and other types of blood cells. (healthline.com)
Adult stem cells can't differentiate into as many other types of cells as embryonic stem cells can. (healthline.com)
They can differentiate into all types of specialized cells in the body. (healthline.com)
There are 5 main types of cloning. (geminigenetics.com)

Another Nobel Laureate, James D. Watson, publicized the potential and the perils of cloning in his Atlantic Monthly essay, "Moving Toward the Clonal Man", in 1971. (wikipedia.org)

The first is that great old standard, "sexual" reproduction, in which sperm meets egg. (cbc-network.org)

Anatomy54

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