OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Defensinsalpha-Defensinsbeta-DefensinsBlood ProteinsEscherichia coli ProteinsEscherichia coliEscherichia coli InfectionsMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceEscherichia coli O157Bacterial ProteinsGenes, BacterialBase SequenceCloning, MolecularDNA, BacterialPlasmidsEscherichia coli K12Antimicrobial Cationic PeptidesMutationEscherichiaAdhesins, Escherichia coliGene Expression Regulation, BacterialAnti-Infective AgentsAnti-Bacterial Agents
ColiAlpha-defensinsPeptidesProteinsAntimicrobial peptideEpithelialAMPsGenesNeutrophilsBacterialHBD3StaphylococcusIntestinalRegulatesBacteriaGeneCathelicidinDEFB1Innate immuneMembranesProteinBetaSecretory granulesPanethAntibioticsActivityInsectsImmunodeficiency virusSpeciesSequenceMiceDefenseMicrobiotaResistanceAnimalsExposureProductsExpressionAbsenceModel
Coli15
  • Full-thickness membranes were mounted on a Transwell device, constituted by two independent chambers, 1 × 10(6) CFU/ml of Escherichia coli were added to either the amnion (AMN) or the choriodecidual (CHD) face or to both. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protegrins are highly microbicidal against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and the virions of the human immunodeficiency virus in vitro under conditions which mimic the tonicity of the extracellular milieu. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mice killed Escherichia coli, and the microbicidal activity was inhibited by NaCl. (lookformedical.com)
  • In this work we analyzed binding of two peptides, namely temporin B and TB_KKG6A, to Escherichia coli cells and to Escherichia coli LPS. (cnr.it)
  • stoichiometry and affinity constant of this peptide toward Escherichia coli cells were determined. (cnr.it)
  • Naoise McGarry, Stephen Smith, Escherichia coli serum resistance : roles for cell number and Haemolysin. (tcd.ie)
  • Methods and results - EGCG reduced bacterial translocation across IPEC-J2 cell monolayers through the enhancement of the intestinal epithelial immunological barrier function by inducing secretion of antimicrobial peptides, porcine β-defensins 1 and 2 (pBD-1 and 2), which possessed higher antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. (port.ac.uk)
  • BD5 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 51 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5.8 kDa. (lifetein.com)
  • In Caenorhabditis elegans , RNAi can be achieved by feeding worms Escherichia coli expressing dsRNA corresponding to a specific gene [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They found that PGN from Escherichia coli stimulated the expression of several antibacterial peptide genes and other genes, whereas PGN from Micrococcus luteus activated a few genes. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Previously we identified a unique five-cysteine defensin-related peptide (Defr1) that, when synthesized, is a mixture of dimeric isoforms and exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the leading bacterial causes of intestinal inflammation and diarrhea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Animal diseases caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection typically appear as severe diarrhea and rapid dehydration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Five Thai medicinal plant extracts were subjected to evaluation of their antibacterial activity against four human pathogenic bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae (clinical), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 using the agar well diffusion method. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Infections with group B Streptococcus , Listeria monocytogenes, or gram-negative rods (eg, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ) are common causes of bacterial pneumonia. (medscape.com)
Alpha-defensins2
  • The beta-defensin genes mapped closely on rat chromosome 16 and were closely linked to the alpha-defensins genes, suggesting that they are part of a gene cluster, similar to the organization reported for humans. (lookformedical.com)
  • The principal defense molecules secreted by Paneth cells are alpha-defensins, which are known as cryptdins in mice. (handwiki.org)
Peptides15
  • Their secondary structure is classified as cysteine-rich β-sheet antimicrobial peptides, AMPs, that display limited sequence similarity to certain defensins and tachyplesins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • GENTAUR supplies anti-defensins, monclonals, polyclonals antisera and recombinant DEFs or peptides of defensin. (b-defensin.com)
  • Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. (lookformedical.com)
  • Production of beta-defensin antimicrobial peptides by the oral mucosa and salivary glands. (lookformedical.com)
  • beta-Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that are produced by epithelia at mucosal surfaces. (lookformedical.com)
  • In this study, we characterized the expression of HBD-1 and HBD-2 mRNAs within the major salivary glands, tongue, gingiva, and buccal mucosa and detected beta-defensin peptides in salivary secretions. (lookformedical.com)
  • Western immunoblotting, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry were used to identify the HBD-1 and HBD-2 peptides in human saliva. (lookformedical.com)
  • beta-Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that may play a role in mucosal defenses of several organs. (lookformedical.com)
  • only coined the term "plant defensin," after comparison of a new class of plant antifungal peptides with known insect defensins. (frontiersin.org)
  • From there, many plant defensins have been reported and studies on this class of peptides encompass its activity toward microorganisms and molecular features of the mechanism of action against bacteria and fungi. (frontiersin.org)
  • Defensins are small cationic peptides of 45-54 amino acid residues with a conserved signature of cysteines, which can form three to four disulfide bridges. (frontiersin.org)
  • renamed these peptides as "plant defensins," after comparing their structural and functional resemblance to previously characterized AMPs found in insects and mammals. (frontiersin.org)
  • Beta defensins comprise a family of cationic, cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides, predominantly expressed at epithelial surfaces. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Nowadays, molecular biology researchs are featured a wide range of antimicrobial peptides (AMP)-related topics such as AMP genome library construction, development of antimicrobial peptides and their mimetics as therapeutic agents, structure/function analysis, cloning and expression, regulation, mechanisms of action, microbial escaping strategies and human disease associations. (ukessays.com)
Proteins1
  • Human proteins, cDNA and human recombinants are used in human reactive ELISA kits and to produce anti-human mono and polyclonal antibodies. (b-defensin.com)
Antimicrobial peptide2
  • The gene product is synthesized as a propeptide and is referred to as human cationic antimicrobial peptide-18 (hCAP-18/LL-37). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The antimicrobial peptide, beta-defensin-1, has antiviral activity against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. (cdc.gov)
Epithelial6
  • This gene encodes defensin, beta 103B, which has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and may play an important role in innate epithelial defense. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • human, mouse or other beta β- and alpha α- defensins are expressed by neutrophils ( α- ), lymphocytes and epithelial cells. (b-defensin.com)
  • DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Because beta-defensins are salt-sensitive epithelial products, we looked for pulmonary beta-defensin expression. (lookformedical.com)
  • Here, we present a new study on induction of autophagy in human lung epithelial cells by the APD HO53. (researchgate.net)
  • Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)
AMPs2
  • [ 2 ] reported the constitutive expression of low levels of two AMPs, cecropin and defensin, which were upregulated by exposure to lipopolysaccharides. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In the last decades, a number of AMPs such as the ceropins, histatins, defensins, and cathlicidins have been isolated from various animals or microbial species [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes2
Neutrophils1
  • DEFENSINS found in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and in the secretory granules of intestinal PANETH CELLS. (lookformedical.com)
Bacterial5
  • To test whether beta-defensin expression was inducible, gingival keratinocyte cell cultures were treated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. (lookformedical.com)
  • When exposed to bacteria or bacterial antigens , Paneth cells secrete several anti-microbial compounds (notably defensins and lysozyme ) that are known to be important in immunity and host-defense into the lumen of the intestinal gland, thereby contributing to maintenance of the gastrointestinal barrier by controlling the enteric bacteria. (handwiki.org)
  • Paneth cells are stimulated to secrete defensins when exposed to bacteria (both Gram positive and Gram-negative types), or such bacterial products as lipopolysaccharide , lipoteichoic acid , muramyl dipeptide and lipid A . [9] They are also stimulated by cholinergic signaling normally preceding the arrival of food which potentially may contain a new bacterial load. (handwiki.org)
  • Due to the higher concentration of negatively charged phospholipids in bacterial than vertebrate cell membranes , defensins preferentially bind to and disrupt bacterial cells, sparing the cells they are functioning to protect. (handwiki.org)
  • Conclusion - Our results imply that EGCG may be useful for prevention of intestinal disorders or bacterial infection in animals/humans. (port.ac.uk)
HBD32
  • Human beta defensins (HBD)1, HBD2, and HBD3 are key elements of innate immunity that are secreted to neutralize/control the progression of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human papillomavirus oncogenic E6 protein regulates human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) expression via the tumor suppressor protein p53. (antikoerper-online.de)
Staphylococcus1
  • In this study, we identified the intrinsic resistome to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials in the human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus . (frontiersin.org)
Intestinal1
  • Although there has been a lot of studies and reviews on human and murine Paneth cells under intestinal homeostasis or disorders, little is known about Paneth cells in farm animals. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulates1
  • In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria1
  • Well, animals, much like humans, are capable of developing antibiotic-resistant bacteria when they are too frequently given meds. (howstuffworks.com)
Gene1
  • One gene was highly similar to the human beta-defensin-1 (HBD-1) gene and mouse beta-defensin-1 gene at both the nucleic acid and amino acid levels and was termed rat beta-defensin-1 (RBD-1). (lookformedical.com)
Cathelicidin2
DEFB11
  • In conclusion, the reduction in IAV copy number in DEFB1 overexpressing cells suggests that beta-defensin-1 plays a key role in regulating IAV survival through STAT3 and is a potential target for antiviral drug development. (cdc.gov)
Innate immune1
Membranes1
  • This structure allows defensins to insert into membranes, where they interact with one another to form pores that disrupt membrane function, leading to cell lysis. (handwiki.org)
Protein3
  • Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • One particular target is the sperm protein EPPIN, which is present on the surface of human spermatozoa. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lyophilized Beta Defensin-5 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution BD5 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). (lifetein.com)
Beta8
  • According to their structural differences, defensins are classified in three major groups: alpha (α), beta (β), and theta (θ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beta defensins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Two human beta-defensins, HBD-1 and HBD-2, were discovered in 1995 and 1997, respectively. (lookformedical.com)
  • Human beta-defensins may play an important role in the innate defenses against oral microorganisms. (lookformedical.com)
  • They have been isolated in several species, and in humans, two beta-defensins have been identified. (lookformedical.com)
  • The predicted prepropeptides were strongly cationic, were 69 and 63 residues in length for RBD-1 and RBD-2, respectively, and contained the six-cysteine motif characteristic of beta-defensins. (lookformedical.com)
  • The Beta Defensin-5 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. (lifetein.com)
  • Thus, we have shown that covalent, dimeric molecules based on the Defr1 beta-defensin sequence demonstrate antimicrobial activity even in the absence of the canonical cysteine motif. (ed.ac.uk)
Secretory granules1
  • [10] For example, research showed that in the secretory granules, murine and human Paneth cells express high levels of TLR9 . (handwiki.org)
Paneth1
  • Paneth cells was first identified by Gustav Schwalbe who found the presence of granule-containing cells in the crypts of human small intestine [ 9 ], and 5 years later, Josef Paneth designated these cells as Paneth cells [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibiotics1
  • Antibiotics have gained great success in the battle between human and infectious diseases. (ukessays.com)
Activity1
  • Exploring Pleiotropic Functions of Canine β-Defensin 103: Nasal Cavity Expression, Antimicrobial Activity, and Melanocortin Receptor Activity. (antikoerper-online.de)
Insects2
  • Many insect and tick species are serious pests, because insects damage crop plants and, along with ticks, transmit a wide range of human and animal diseases. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • However, there is still little evidence on the role of microbiota in haematophagous insects of medical importance (pathogen transmission to humans and/or animals) as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying their interactions with the host. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunodeficiency virus1
  • Although acyclovir (ACV) and related nucleoside analogs provide successful treatment, HSV remains highly prevalent worldwide and is a major cofactor for the spread of human immunodeficiency virus. (cnr.it)
Species2
  • Depending on the epitopes used human ELISA kits can be cross reactive to many other species. (b-defensin.com)
  • Mouse or mice from the Mus musculus species are used for production of mouse monoclonal antibodies or mabs and as research model for humans in your lab. (b-defensin.com)
Sequence1
Mice1
  • Human and mammlian animals such as the mice and pigs are susceptible to ETEC [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Defense2
Microbiota1
  • Most recent advances have shown that human gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating the host's metabolic functions, immunity, nutrition, physiology and even behaviour [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Resistance1
  • Plant defensins also have been tested as biotechnological tools to improve crop production through fungi resistance generation in organisms genetically modified (OGM). (frontiersin.org)
Animals1
  • In psychology and neuroscience, multiple object tracking (MOT) refers to the ability of humans and other animals to simultaneously monitor multiple objects as they move. (wikiversity.org)
Exposure2
  • Anandha Rao Ravula, Suresh Yenugu (2022) , Effect of a mixture of pyrethroids at doses similar to human exposure through food in the Indian context. (uohyd.ac.in)
  • Ravula AR, Yenugu S (2021) , Effect of oral administration of a mixture of pyrethroids at doses relevant to human exposure on the general and male reproductive physiology in the rat. (uohyd.ac.in)
Products1
  • and (iv) a brief discussion about the absence of products in the market containing plant antifungal defensins. (frontiersin.org)
Expression1
Absence2
  • Unlike other human biological fluids, semen contains multiple types of amyloid fibrils in the absence of disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • iii) absence of several haematopoietic and endothelial markers (ie, CD45, CD34, CD11b or CD14, CD79 or CD19 and HLA-DR in human MSCs). (bmj.com)
Model1
  • We generated a human EPPIN model showing a typical arrangement of the WFDC (Whey-acid four disulfide core)-type and Kunitz-type domains, connected by a hinge region. (bvsalud.org)