• Therefore, in this study, we investigated the expression of three immune checkpoints on peripheral blood DC subsets, in basal conditions and upon exposure to pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli, by using a flow cytometric panel that allows a direct comparison of the activatory/inhibitory phenotype of DC-lineage and inflammatory DC subsets. (nih.gov)
  • The phenotype of both DC subsets in PsA PB and RA PB was immature as compared with healthy controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human DCs have been divided into several subsets based on their phenotype and ontogeny. (hal.science)
  • The criteria to classify the multitude of subsets within the mononuclear phagocyte system are currently phenotype, ontogeny, transcription patterns, epigenetic adaptations, and function. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • While a basic understanding of the composition and phenotype of TIL has come from the study of human tumors, these studies are limited by patient heterogeneity, a lack of access to corresponding lymphoid tissue, and an inability to directly investigate mechanisms and interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, the finding that a significant proportion of all dendritic cells (DCs) resident in vivo in the human postnatal thymus displayed a myeloid-related phenotype prompted us to re-examine the developmental origin of thymic DCs, a cell type hitherto considered to represent a homogeneous lymphoid-derived population. (ashpublications.org)
  • 6 , 7 Murine DCs with the reciprocal CD8α + CD11b − phenotype, although present at various levels in all lymphoid organs, represent the prototype of the DC population resident in the postnatal thymus. (ashpublications.org)
  • There are 2 subsets of DCs with distinct phenotype, localization, and function which have been described also in humans. (ashpublications.org)
  • Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can be delivered intravenously to target primary and metastatic lesions, but the interaction between human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and VSV remains poorly understood. (karger.com)
  • 13 ] isolated mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood that were enriched for expression of the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34 [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Since some human immune cell subsets express PD-L1 on their surface, studies were undertaken to evaluate changes in the frequency of immune cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cancer patients pre- vs post-treatment with Avelumab. (bmj.com)
  • More recently, ontogenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic research approaches uncovered major developmental differences between Flt3L-dependent conventional DCs as compared with Mphs and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), the latter mainly generated in vitro from murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) or human CD14\(^{+}\) peripheral blood monocytes. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The immune system in NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull (NSG) mice was reconstituted by the co-administration of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or subsets (CD4+ or CD8+) and autologous human dendritic cells (DC), and animals simultaneously challenged by implanting human prostate cancer cells (PC3 line). (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a proof of concept, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and dendritic cells (DC) were obtained from healthy donors and used to reconstitute NSG animals, followed by implantation with cells from the human prostate cancer cell line, PC3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, different DC subsets are distributed in peripheral tissues and the blood and display different microbial receptors, surface molecules and cytokine expression, all of which influence the immunologic outcome. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Among the different DC subsets, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) are well known for their ability to recognize and respond to a variety of viruses by secreting high levels of type I interferon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What roles do you see emerging for DC vaccines? (nature.com)
  • This is one area in which DC vaccines, because of their ability to prime immune responses, could make a big difference. (nature.com)
  • So far, however, we have seen a discrepancy between the immunogenicity of DC vaccines and their clinical efficacy - for example, some patients who get an immune boost in response to the vaccine nevertheless show no tumour regression. (nature.com)
  • I think we can diminish this discrepancy by combining DC vaccines with immunomodulatory antibodies. (nature.com)
  • This knowledge in turn could serve as the foundation for using these cells in the development of anti-cancer immunotherapies including DC vaccines. (vub.be)
  • the partners plan to exchange scientific information on avian influenza, share viral isolates, and may eventually manufacture human vaccines against avian viral strains. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Taken together, our results indicate that LV vectors can serve to design pDC-based vaccines in humans, and they are also useful in vitro to evaluate the immunogenicity of the vector preparations, and the specificity and safety of given promoters used in gene therapy protocols. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is currently attempted to rationally devise and improve vaccines by harnessing such specific properties of skin DC. (cnrs.fr)
  • 2016). Tfh cells represent guaranteeing therapeutic focuses on for enhancing the effectiveness of vaccines or for down-modulating creation of auto-antibodies in autoimmune illnesses, but this process continues to be hindered by a restricted knowledge of the Tfh differentiation procedure in human beings. (researchatlanta.org)
  • These cells are functionally, phenotypically, and developmentally heterogeneous with many distinct subsets. (upenn.edu)
  • DCs are composed of distinct subsets that can be distinguished by their ontogeny: plasmacytoid DC (pDC), Batf3-dependent classical DC 1 (cDC1), and Batf3-independent cDC2 (Guilliams et al. (researchatlanta.org)
  • We demonstrated that functionally distinct DC subsets are characterized by differential expression of activatory and inhibitory molecules, and that cDC1s in particular are endowed with a unique immune checkpoint repertoire characterized by high TIM-3 expression, scarce PD-L1 expression and lack of ILT2. (nih.gov)
  • This could be achieved by specifically targeting functionally diverse skin DC subsets. (cnrs.fr)
  • This study aims to explore molecule signaling mediating MC subset differentiation in HHcy and control mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, we established 3 groups of transcriptional models to describe Ly6C high to Ly6C low MC subset differentiation, immune checkpoint regulation, Ly6C high MC to MΦ subset differentiation and Ly6C low MC to lymphocyte functional adaptation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our findings suggest that tDCs are a distinct pDC-related subset with a DC2 differentiation potential and unique proinflammatory function during viral infections. (stanford.edu)
  • Bernard A, Boumsell L, Hill C. Joint report of the first international workshop on human leucocyte differentiation antigens by the investigators of the participating laboratories: T2 protocol. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Whether similar stages exist in human Tfh cell differentiation and which APCs are involved Sch-42495 racemate have remained unclear. (researchatlanta.org)
  • 2014). While a functional specialization of human DC subsets has been reported for inducing T helper (Th) 2 and Th17 cell differentiation (Schlitzer et al. (researchatlanta.org)
  • In some countries, human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in most oropharyngeal cancers, a subset of head and neck cancers. (cdc.gov)
  • Hence, using cutting-edge techniques we show that cDC2s in different mouse and human cancers exhibit additional heterogeneity to what is known in the literature. (vub.be)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • TIL from huPBL-NSG animals closely matched the features of TIL recovered from primary human prostate cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are a universal feature of human cancers and may hold an important key to unlocking effective cancer immunotherapy [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Murine MC are divided into three subsets based on surface expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C (Ly6C) ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • To perform this function, DC are capable of capturing antigens, processing them, and presenting them on the cell surface complexed to major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules, for example, human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) DR. Along with that, context-dependent expression of costimulatory molecules, such as CD80 and CD86, and secretion of cytokines occurs. (hindawi.com)
  • The C-type lectin receptor CLEC9A mediates antigen uptake and (cross-)presentation by human blood BDCA3+ myeloid dendritic cells. (nih.gov)
  • Gene modified dendritic cells (DC) are able to modulate DC functions and induce therapeutic immunity or tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As the MHC is encoded by highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci in humans, this process of thymic selection occurs within the context of an individual's HLA type. (biorxiv.org)
  • Several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations have been found in patients with VKH disease, including HLA-DR4, HLA-DR53, and HLA-DQ4. (medscape.com)
  • Phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte subsets and apoptosis were evaluated with flow cytometry. (karger.com)
  • CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
  • The guidelines describe single-platform technology (SPT), a process in which absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets are measured from a single tube by a single instrument. (cdc.gov)
  • With CD45 gating, the relative numbers of beads and lymphocyte subsets are enumerated, and their absolute numbers and percentage values are calculated. (cdc.gov)
  • Single-platform technology (SPT) is designed to enable de- system and managing the health care of persons infected with terminations of both absolute and percentage lymphocyte sub- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ( 1-4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, we describe a subset of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive activity (known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells). (hindawi.com)
  • The 16A monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes an exon B-dependent epitope of CD45 lycoprotein, which is found at high density on peripheral B cells, T cytotoxic/suppressor cells, a subset of T helper cells, and most thymocytes, and at low density on macrophages and dendritic cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Single-Cell RNA-seq of Human Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Late Sepsis Reveals Multiple Subsets With Unique Transcriptional Responses: A Pilot Study. (nih.gov)
  • Immune cells evaluated were PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative subsets of the following: CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), natural killer T cells (NKT), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC), conventional DC, and B cells. (bmj.com)
  • In this review, we provide an updated view of the human DC subsets and of their ontogeny supported by recent clinical studies. (hal.science)
  • We propose a group model of terminology for all DC subsets that attempts to encompass both ontogeny and function. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • In the studies reported here, Avelumab is shown to mediate ADCC of several types of human tumor cell lines (e.g., breast, lung, bladder carcinomas) in vitro, with tumor cell lysis mediated mainly by human CD16+ monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. (bmj.com)
  • MPS is part of the innate immune system and comprises of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC). (upenn.edu)
  • Recent high throughput single-cell methods have revealed additional heterogeneity within human DC subsets, and new subpopulations have been proposed. (hal.science)
  • The effects of DCs on adaptive immune responses depend partly on functional specialization of distinct DC subsets, and partly on the activation state of DCs, which is largely dictated by environmental signals. (nih.gov)
  • Functional analysis revealed that both SF DC subsets matured following toll-like receptor stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of DC vaccination is to boost cancer-specific effector T cells that can not only fight existing cancer but also induce immunological memory to control the recurrence of cancer. (nature.com)
  • In this approach, you take DC-precursor cells from the blood of a cancer patient, differentiate and activate them in culture, load them with tumour antigens, and then inject the cells back into the patient. (nature.com)
  • After each injection, we saw an expansion of T cells specific to the vaccine antigens in his blood, so it was clear that the DC treatment boosted the immune response against the cancer. (nature.com)
  • Ernst DN, Weigle WO, Noonan DJ, McQuitty DN, Hobbs MV. The age-associated increase in IFN-γ synthesis by mouse CD8+ T cells correlates with shifts in the frequencies of cell subsets defined by membrane CD44, CD45RB, 3G11, and MEL-14 expression. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Site-specific development and progressive maturation of human tissue-resident memory T cells over infancy and childhood. (nih.gov)
  • High-dimensional approaches have revealed heterogeneity amongst dendritic cells (DCs), including a population of transitional DCs (tDCs) in mice and humans. (stanford.edu)
  • Several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with demonstrated clinical anti-cancer activities have been engineered as fully human IgG1 entities to also encompass their potential to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of human tumor cells. (bmj.com)
  • Since recent evidence supports a crucial role of dendritic cells (DC) in the pathogenesis of MS, we investigated the effect of a 12-week combined exercise program in MS patients on the number and function of DC. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent evidence also suggests involvement of innate immunity, including dendritic cells (DC), in the initiation and maintenance as well as progression of MS [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Indeed a wealth of studies from humans and mouse models establishes a particularly potent role for CD8 T cells in controlling the outgrowth of malignancies ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Such memory T cells were traditionally defined as being comprised of both central memory (T CM ) and effector memory (T EM ) subsets ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The contribution of cross-presenting XCR1+ dendritic cells (DC) in maintaining T cell function during exhaustion and immuno-therapeutic interventions of chronic infections remains poorly characterized. (upf.edu)
  • In humans, at least two subsets of DC are known in the blood, myeloid DC (also known as interstitial or dermal DC), and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and Langerhans cells (LC) in the tissues [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The work presented in this study carries animal modeling one step further by simultaneously humanizing the immune system of recipient NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull (NSG) animals and challenging them with implanted human tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Epidermal Langerhans cells (CD207/langerin(+)), dermal langerin(neg), and dermal langerin(+) dendritic cells (DC) have been described, the latter subset so far only in mouse skin. (cnrs.fr)
  • human CD14(+) dermal DC can promote antibody production by B cells. (cnrs.fr)
  • 1] In situ regulation of DC subsets and T cells mediates tumor regression in mice . (nih.gov)
  • 2014). Furthermore, human being Tfh cells secrete CXCL13, the ligand for CXCR5 (Kim et al. (researchatlanta.org)
  • 2012). The power of other human being DC subsets to induce Tfh cells isn't known. (researchatlanta.org)
  • To determine which human being APCs get excited about Tfh polarization, we analyzed DCs and macrophages purified from human being cells directly. (researchatlanta.org)
  • We discovered that tonsil macrophages and cDC2s play complementary jobs in Tfh induction, with cDC2s becoming the very best inducers of Tfh polarization among DC subsets, while macrophages sit in the B cell follicles distinctively, where they are able to connect to Tfh cells to stimulate the secretion of effector substances. (researchatlanta.org)
  • XCR1 is expressed by a subset of dendritic cells [ 7 ] and along with its ligand 3647 (lymphotactin), is important for dendritic-cell-mediated cytotoxic immune responses and for the induction of self-tolerance and generation of Treg cells in the thymus. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
  • Human XCR1 is expressed exclusively in CD141 + (BDCA3 + ) DCs, and in mouse expression is restricted to CD8 + DCs which are phenotypically similar to the human cells. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
  • Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome, spanning about 249 million DNA building blocks (base pairs) and representing approximately 8 percent of the total DNA in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Understanding the principles by which DCs control immunity and tolerance has provided a rich basis for studying and improving clinical outcome of human disease treatment. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These early classifications of T cell memory were quickly brought to bear on the question of what T cell subset provides the best immunity against cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • This humanized platform provides an opportunity to study the two-way interaction that occurs between human immunity and tumor growth, over time, and to manipulate individual components to test hypotheses and potential clinical impact. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The relative contributions of these subsets to the generation of immunity or tolerance are still unclear. (cnrs.fr)
  • The synthesis of heterogeneous evidence may be necessary when comprehensive homogeneous data sets such as randomized controlled trials in humans, or human observational studies for that matter, are unavailable. (cdc.gov)
  • Ly6C high MC is the pro-inflammatory subset and the counterpart of human CD14 ++ CD16 + intermediate MC which contributes to systemic and tissue inflammation in various metabolic disorders, including hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). (frontiersin.org)
  • MC can be classified into inflammatory or anti-inflammatory subsets ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Murine Ly6C high and Ly6C middle MC subsets perform pro-inflammatory functions, which are considered the counterpart of human CD14 ++ CD16 + intermediate MC or CD14 + CD40 + inflammatory MC ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Although several cDC2 subsets have been identified in mice and humans in steady-state and inflammation, their concurrent and comprehensive understanding in different mouse and human tumors is lacking. (vub.be)
  • outcomes indicate that human being lymphoid body organ macrophages and cDC2 play complementary tasks in the induction of Tfh reactions. (researchatlanta.org)
  • 2017). In human beings, some studies possess concluded that pores and skin Compact disc14+ Compact disc206+ DCs will be the most effective skin-derived DC subset for Tfh polarization (Klechevsky et al. (researchatlanta.org)
  • miR155 is known to be strongly induced in various mouse and human DC subsets in response to diverse maturation signals, and miR155-deficient DCs exhibit an impaired ability to induce Ag-specific T cell responses. (unige.ch)
  • BD Tritest™ CD3 fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/CD4 phycoerythrin (PE)/CD45 peridinin chlorophyll protein (PerCP) is a three-color direct immunofluorescence reagent for use with a suitably equipped flow cytometer to identify and determine the percentages and absolute counts of mature human T lymphocytes (CD3 + ) and helper/inducer (CD3 + CD4 + ) T-lymphocytes subsets in erythrocyte-lysed whole blood. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Among these, plasticity and existence of subsets are prominent determinants to the quality of the elicited immune responses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Resistant determinants for other antibiotics important for human health were found in almost all isolates carrying mcr genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Human cytokines were readily detectible in the serum and exhibited a different profile in animals implanted with PBL alone, tumor alone, and those reconstituted with both. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human MC were initially divided into three subsets based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16, and recently classified based on CD40 expression ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In human skin langerin(neg) dermal DC can be further classified based on their reciprocal expression of CD1a and CD14. (cnrs.fr)
  • The OIE is developing influenza surveillance guidelines that encompass birds, domestic mammals, wildlife, and humans. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The human immune system is composed of an innate and an adaptive branch. (hindawi.com)
  • Anatomical structures, cell types and biomarkers of the Human Reference Atlas. (nih.gov)
  • In all cases there were no statistical differences pre- vs post-treatment in any immune cell subset, and at any time point analyzed, regardless of whether the immune subset expressed PD-L1 or not. (bmj.com)
  • Statistical analysis of all relevant immune cell subsets will be presented. (bmj.com)
  • While immune cell subsets pre- vs post-treatment continue to be analyzed in various patient cohorts, these studies provide evidence that Avelumab, a fully human IgG1 MAb, capable of mediating ADCC, can be administered safely to cancer patients without altering the balance of numerous PBMC immune cell subsets. (bmj.com)
  • Revised guidelines for performing CD4+ T-cell determinations in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD2, CD48 and CD58 are structurally similar cell adhesion-molecules forming a subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). (ox.ac.uk)
  • 1-3 These nonoverlapping functions have been proposed to result from the actions of 2 major DC populations which have been characterized as myeloid and lymphoid DCs, respectively, on the basis of their anatomical localization and cell-surface phenotypes and, ultimately, of their distinct developmental origin. (ashpublications.org)
  • Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • So is vaccination against the human papilloma virus (HPV)-a powerful way to prevent cervical cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Avelumab (MSB0010718C, EMD Serono, Pfizer) is a fully human IgG1 MAb targeting the co-regulatory protein Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), and is thus distinct from other MAbs targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis currently being evaluated in clinical trials. (bmj.com)
  • However, the origin and relationship of tDCs to other DC subsets has been unclear. (stanford.edu)
  • The presentations spanned basic science research, deciphering disease signatures using the latest technologies, methods of studying the human immune system directly, taking a systems immunology view, and providing the investment ecosystem to support and realize the research. (stanford.edu)
  • Human Immunology , 70 (5), 281-288. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The critical role of the immune system has been found in the discovery that there are reported high morbidity and mortality rates of human CoV infection in immunocompromised host as well as patients with comorbidities [ 3 - 6 ]. (medsci.org)
  • The complex interactions that occur between human tumors, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and the systemic immune system are likely to define critical factors in the host response to cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Simultaneous implantation of human PBL, DC and tumor results in a huPBL-NSG model that recapitulates the development of human TIL and allows an assessment of tumor and immune system interaction that cannot be carried out in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The human adaptive immune system must generate extraordinary diversity to be able to respond to all possible pathogens. (biorxiv.org)
  • In humans CD58 is a ligand for CD2 while in mice CD2 binds CD48. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Heterophilic antibodies, such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA), can bind to immune globulins of other species and thus interfere with the immunoassay since the tryptase immunoassay employs mouse-derived anti-tryptase. (medscape.com)
  • Applied to the characterization of DCs in the tumor microenvironment, this panel has the potential to provide valuable information to be used for investigating the role of DC subsets in cancer, guiding DC-targeting treatments, and possibly identifying predictive biomarkers for clinical response to cancer immunotherapy. (nih.gov)
  • Update: universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and other bloodborne pathogens in healthcare settings. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Relevant to the increasing use of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment, signals generated from inhibitory checkpoint molecules on DC surface may also contribute to the inhibitory properties of tolerogenic DCs. (nih.gov)
  • Yet, our knowledge on the expression of inhibitory molecules on human DC subsets is fragmentary. (nih.gov)
  • We discuss here advances in our knowledge on the immunological properties of skin DC and strategies to significantly improve the outcome of vaccinations by applying this knowledge. (cnrs.fr)
  • thus we see the context/ subset relationship of the Pentagon to the EARTH government. (zinoproject.com)
  • But most of the infectious diseases that devastate human populations have their roots in wild species, and many pathogens are maintained silently by local wildlife communities before spillover to humans occurs. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we show that tDCs are distinct from other well-characterized DCs and conventional DC precursors (pre-cDCs). (stanford.edu)
  • 1-5 In mice, DCs bearing the myeloid marker CD11b (Mac-1), but lacking CD8α, derive efficiently from myeloid precursors and represent the major DC subset in the periphery. (ashpublications.org)
  • The successful development and implementation to intervene prevention and treatment of virus infection over the past hundred years have had great advances on human and animal health. (medsci.org)
  • In human blood, two major subsets of DC have been characterized, that is, myeloid or conventional DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • While conventional animal models have identified an array of potential anti-tumor therapies, mouse models often fail to translate into effective human treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Circulating DC subset numbers are reduced in RA PB and PsA PB with reduced CD62L expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human pDC do not express lineage specific markers, but are characterized by the expression of HLA-DR, CD4, CD123, BDCA2 and BDCA4 [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A tumor-bearing huPBL-NSG model was established in which human leukocytes reconstituted secondary lymphoid organs and promoted the accumulation of TIL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, these data challenge the current view that the thymus is colonized by a lymphoid-restricted progenitor and provide evidence that a more immature precursor population with lymphoid and myelomonocytic potential is actually seeding the human postnatal thymus. (ashpublications.org)