TherapeuticEmbryos for researchEthicallyGeneticPluripotent stemGenetically engineeredAdultFraughtTissuesOrgansNuclear transferTissueDifferentiationTransplantsLegislatorsScientificallyBeingsLoopholeEthicsEmbryo researchArtificialBillsLegislativeDiploidDebateRejectionConsensusOrganismCuresResearchersParliamentMeans to alleviatePracticalMoralAdvocatesBreakthroughObstaclesDignityAssisted Human Reproduction ActCordProsControversyPurposesDiseasesSevereDuplicatePotentialOrganProcessPriorityFormsVitroResultMakeDefinitionsLegislationDestructiveScientistsTechniquesScientific ResearchInternationalOpponentsVirtuallyRecipientProduceEthical concernsLife
Therapeutic12
- In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
- Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
- To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
- Note that each and every individual "loophole" discussed below that permits human cloning by default (and most bills have literally dozens of such loopholes) thus permits it for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
- Reproductive cloning in humans and therapeutic cloning in primates: is the ethical debate catching up with the recent scientific advances? (bmj.com)
- The heated debate in our society over reproductive cloning, as well as therapeutic cloning to obtain embryonic stem cells, has been fueled by misconceptions and hyperbole on both sides. (flfamily.org)
- On the topic of cloning we should set an example by outlawing it in all its forms, cloned babies and so called 'therapeutic cloning' (which is a misnomer as at this stage no therapeutic benefit will result from the cloned embryo). (cmq.org.uk)
- Mr Blair says the European biotech industry will be worth $100 billion by 2005 and the day after the British Parliament gave the green light for therapeutic cloning the leading commercial player was rewarded with a substantial jump in share value. (cmq.org.uk)
- 5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
- What deserves greater attention, however, is therapeutic cloning, a (potential) cloning application considered far more important to the biomedical and scientific communities and one far more ethically challenging. (reasons.org)
- 1] Therapeutic cloning, on the other hand, creates human embryos merely as a source of embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
- Crudely put, therapeutic cloning looks to generate human embryos solely for the body parts they can provide. (reasons.org)
Embryos for research2
- The legislation, which bans reproductive cloning as well as embryonic stem cell research in which human life is destroyed, was amended in the House last week to outlaw the cloning process to create human embryos for research, but would allow importation of embryonic stem cell lines created outside the state for research. (lifenews.com)
- Pro-cloning forces have been working hard to convince state governments to pass constitutional amendments enshrining a "right" to clone and to destroy embryos for research. (flfamily.org)
Ethically4
- The rapidly emerging "regenerative" field of medicine is relying heavily on the use of ethically obtained stem cells. (flfamily.org)
- WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
- WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
- Those two factors make attempts to clone humans for reproductive purposes ethically troubling. (reasons.org)
Genetic12
- Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
- After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
- These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
- Many of these accurate definitions can also be used in bills and treaties concerning related issues, e.g., human embryonic stem cell research, human genetic engineering, abortion, the use of abortifacients, conscience clauses, IVF and other artificial reproductive technology research and regulation, etc. (lifeissues.net)
- A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
- 5. Most countries in the African Region have no specific regulations and policies governing genetic manipulations for assisted conception, treatment and research. (who.int)
- 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
- This places the responsibility of guarding the morality and placing boundaries on genetic research and application on the parents and indirectly on society and the church. (blogspot.com)
- These cells have been successfully used to treat children with blood cancers, such as leukemia, and certain genetic blood disorders. (healthline.com)
- The researchers then used these cells as the source of genetic material to clone pigs with organs that lacked the sugar groups responsible for HAR. (reasons.org)
- Leidy Escobar 11152012 Three Reasons Why Cloning Should Not Be Allowed Cloning is the process of creating a genetic duplicate of a human being. (freebooksummary.com)
- Another negative aspect of cloning in the health field is genetic mutations. (freebooksummary.com)
Pluripotent stem3
- Embryonic stem cells are known as pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
- Scientists have recently discovered how to turn adult stem cells into pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
- These new types of cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (healthline.com)
Genetically engineered2
- Thus to use the phrase "of an existing or previously existing human being" to refer to the product of human cloning would not be a scientifically accurate description of the cloned or genetically engineered human embryo -- thus creating yet another loophole in the bill or treaty. (lifeissues.net)
- 3] An international research team genetically engineered pig cells that lacked a functional form of the gene that codes for a key enzyme involved in the production of the cell surface sugars that cause HAR. (reasons.org)
Adult14
- Finally, the cloners see that there is no political stability for their clone and kill labs in Louisiana, meaning that effective adult stem cell research can continue to thrive in Louisiana," concluded Bordlee. (lifenews.com)
- As of yet no useful embryonic stem cell lines have been created, and all breakthroughs in stem cell research have been done with adult stem cells, which do not require the destruction of human life. (lifenews.com)
- We want real cures now available from ethical adult stem cell research, not illusory promises from unproductive embryo research,' the Louisiana Coalition for Ethical Stem Cell Research said in a statement. (lifenews.com)
- In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
- In Dolly's case, the cell came from the mammary gland of an adult ewe. (eurostemcell.org)
- After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
- For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
- Paul Wagle, M.A., discusses his experience with a life-saving adult stem cell treatment, and the importance of promoting ethical approaches to medical research. (flfamily.org)
- Stem cells from cord blood or adult tissues do not give rise to the same moral considerations as those derived from embryos or cloned embryos or aborted foetuses. (cmq.org.uk)
- Adult stem cells have a misleading name, because they are also found in infants and children. (healthline.com)
- For example, hematopoietic stem cells are a type of adult stem cell found in bone marrow. (healthline.com)
- Adult stem cells can't differentiate into as many other types of cells as embryonic stem cells can. (healthline.com)
- To create iPSCs, scientists genetically reprogram the adult stem cells so they behave like embryonic stem cells. (healthline.com)
- Adult stem cells don't present any ethical problems. (healthline.com)
Fraught2
- What are stem cells and why are they so fraught with both hope and controversy? (flfamily.org)
- Though fraught with problems, reproductive cloning at least strives to reproduce a human being and, in principle, preserves the value of human life. (reasons.org)
Tissues3
- These stem cells come from developed organs and tissues in the body. (healthline.com)
- Some in the biomedical community hope to develop techniques to generate replacement tissues from these embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
- One such approach, called "xenotransplantation" (the transplantation of living cells, tissues, and organs from one species to another species), turns to pigs as a source of organs for human transplants. (reasons.org)
Organs6
- Recent and ongoing research suggests an alternative approach that can achieve the same goal (repair of damaged or diseased organs) without destroying human embryos. (reasons.org)
- The chief one is hyper-acute rejection (HAR)-the rejection of pig organs by the human recipient. (reasons.org)
- In fact, the research team oversaw the birth of four normal, healthy piglets with organs suitable for human transplants. (reasons.org)
- Another reason is the possibility of cloning organs to save lives. (freebooksummary.com)
- This argument I see it very insufficient because cloned organs can have some defects and cause some damage in a person's body and organism if the procedure is not well done. (freebooksummary.com)
- In addition, as we realize cloning not only goes against religion and ethics, but it also can cause health problems.For instance, it can cause some damage to the size of the upper and lower extremities and also can affect organs such as ears or nose. (freebooksummary.com)
Nuclear transfer3
- The creation of an embryo by nuclear transfer is a human being whose right to continued life should be respected. (cmq.org.uk)
- The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
- 3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
Tissue3
- Fetal Tissue Research: Antiquated and Unethical? (flfamily.org)
- XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
- This means they can potentially produce new cells for any organ or tissue. (healthline.com)
Differentiation1
- The principles of stem cell development and differentiation should be researched in animals. (cmq.org.uk)
Transplants1
- Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
Legislators1
- Additionally, Gov. Blanco's now-apparent position could further influence legislators to pass a wholesale cloning ban. (lifenews.com)
Scientifically1
- Rather, after having published analyses of dozens of state, national, federal and international legislative attempts to ban human cloning research, I simply wish to offer seriously considered suggestions for the use of scientifically accurate language and definitions to be used in such endeavors in order to prevent loopholes which would result in much human cloning not being really banned. (lifeissues.net)
Beings5
- 2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
- 3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
- 7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
- Scientists have the wrong and ambitious idea that they can create a new human being by themselves, but the truth is that the only one who can do that is God.If people do not stop thinking about cloning human beings at this time, in the future the consequences will be worse because it is not going to be use only for positive things but only negative things. (freebooksummary.com)
- Should the Cloning of Human Beings be Prohibited? (freebooksummary.com)
Loophole1
- The Government has now used a legal loophole to allow cloning, relying on the 'defective' legal definition in that the technique (as in 'Dolly') used an unfertilised ovum. (cmq.org.uk)
Ethics3
- Research ethics and lessons from Hwanggate: what can we learn from the Korean cloning fraud? (bmj.com)
- Even though some people think that cloning should be allowed, I am not in agreement with this because of these three reasons: When people want to create a clone I believe they are trying to imitate God, it goes against ethics, and it also can cause health problems.There are people who believe that cloning should be allowed. (freebooksummary.com)
- Furthermore, it affects to ethics is because it is intolerable.According to Mr. Per Anderson, a teacher of religion at Concordia College in Minnesota, cloning is not good because it changes the structure of nature. (freebooksummary.com)
Embryo research1
- For decades, proponents of destructive embryo research have given at least lip service recognition to the serious ethical concerns inherent to such research. (flfamily.org)
Artificial1
- A number of scientists are trying to create life in the lab, specifically artificial cells. (reasons.org)
Bills1
- Governor Blanco discussed the bills with the Louisiana Coalition for Ethical Stem Cell Research on the final day of the session, and said that bills banning reproductive cloning but allowing for destructive embryonic research, such as the one sponsored by Senate President Don Hines (D-Bunkie), would not receive her support. (lifenews.com)
Legislative1
- Baton Rouge, LA (LifeNews.com) - The Louisiana legislative session has ended, without any of the three cloning bans passing. (lifenews.com)
Diploid1
- … "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
Debate3
- During debate on his bill, Beard stated that opponents of his bill place a 'false hope' in embryonic stem cell research. (lifenews.com)
- Clonaid's claim to have produced the first human clones propelled the ethical debate about human cloning to the headlines last December. (reasons.org)
- Given this fanfare, the debate has tended to focus on reproductive cloning-the use of cloning to generate a human being-and its bizarre societal and familial side effects. (reasons.org)
Rejection1
- A patient transplanted with these cells would not suffer the problems associated with rejection. (eurostemcell.org)
Consensus1
- Is a consensus possible on stem cell research? (bmj.com)
Organism1
- … "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
Cures1
- The petition recognizes that many "Canadians suffer from debilitating illnesses and diseases" and that the petitioners "support ethical stem cell research that has already shown encouraging potential to provide cures and therapies for these illnesses and diseases. (lifesitenews.com)
Researchers1
- The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
Parliament3
- The intention of Parliament in drawing up the 1990 Act was to totally ban cloning which was then foreseen as transferring a nucleus into an enucleated embryo. (cmq.org.uk)
- The Select Committee should insist that the original will of Parliament is upheld and all forms of cloning should be forbidden. (cmq.org.uk)
- The European Parliament has voted against all forms of human cloning, and President Bush, President Chirac and Hubert Heupe have joined in condemning the British decision. (cmq.org.uk)
Means to alleviate1
- Though the science of cloning presents opportunity to exploit and devalue human life, it may, on the other hand, provide the means to alleviate significant human suffering in a way that upholds the sanctity of human life. (reasons.org)
Practical1
- Practical implementation of reproductive cloning suffers significant problems. (reasons.org)
Moral2
- Dr. Condic discusses the beginning of human life and the moral status of the human being. (flfamily.org)
- The Donaldson Report is, however, wrong in bracketing all stem cells together as if there were no moral issues concerning their origins. (cmq.org.uk)
Advocates1
- However, there is hope for the future as Governor Kathleen Blanco told pro-life advocates that she does not support embryonic stem cell research, and favors the wholesale cloning bans that pro-life organizations had backed. (lifenews.com)
Breakthrough1
- The breakthrough has created a way to "de-differentiate" the stem cells. (healthline.com)
Obstacles2
- The two other cloning bans, both wholesale bans that would have prohibited the destructive research, overcame many obstacles to come close to passage, and eventually garnered the support of a majority of the legislature. (lifenews.com)
- To date, a number of obstacles have hindered pig-to-human xenotransplantation. (reasons.org)
Dignity3
- General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
- This technique is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
- related research and developments should therefore be carefully monitored and assessed, and the rights and dignity of patients respected. (who.int)
Assisted Human Reproduction Act1
- VICTORIA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - A coalition of Canadian organizations and individuals has launched an emergency petition campaign to address the serious flaws in Bill C-56, The Assisted Human Reproduction Act. (lifesitenews.com)
Cord2
- Some forms of stem cell research such as the use of cells from adults or cord blood, are not controversial. (cmq.org.uk)
- Cord blood stem cells are harvested from the umbilical cord after childbirth. (healthline.com)
Pros2
- The "pros" and "cons" of human cloning research have already been dealt with at length in the literature, so they will not be reviewed here. (lifeissues.net)
- What are the Pros and Cons of Cloning? (freebooksummary.com)
Controversy1
- However, in recent years, there has been controversy surrounding the way human embryonic stem cells are obtained. (healthline.com)
Purposes1
- There are several types of stem cells that can be used for different purposes. (healthline.com)
Diseases1
- Since stem cells have the ability to turn into various other types of cells, scientists believe that they can be useful for treating and understanding diseases. (healthline.com)
Severe2
- To date, all animal clones have experienced severe health problems in utero, at the time of birth and throughout life. (reasons.org)
- If this technique were attempted in humans, it would risk miscarriages in the mother and severe developmental problems in the child. (freebooksummary.com)
Duplicate1
- When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
Potential2
- What are the potential medical benefits of stem cell research 9 what is the most likely time scale for realising them? (cmq.org.uk)
- However, more research is needed to help understand the potential uses of amniotic fluid stem cells. (healthline.com)
Organ2
- These cells can only serve a specific purpose in a particular organ. (healthline.com)
- Pig organ size and physiology are comparable to that of humans. (reasons.org)
Process2
- The process has been rife with delay, people caught within human rights complaints usually feel like they're lost in some kind of Kafkaesque nightmare. (lifesitenews.com)
- During the process of harvesting embryotic stem cells, the embryo is destroyed. (healthline.com)
Priority1
- We can ask Governor Blanco to make an authentic human cloning ban an administration priority because it is clear that her active involvement is critical. (lifenews.com)
Forms1
- Thus, e.g., leaving out certain human cloning techniques in a bill means that the bill will not ban the use of those forms of human cloning techniques -- and thus they will be allowed. (lifeissues.net)
Vitro1
- Furthermore most scientists agree that research cloning for medical research is not needed as a source of embryonic stem cells these can be obtained from embryos generated by in vitro fertilization. (freebooksummary.com)
Result1
- As a result, cloned children will see themselves as an object but not as a person. (freebooksummary.com)
Make1
- They make new red blood cells, white blood cells, and other types of blood cells. (healthline.com)
Definitions1
- Dr. Irving, whose Ph.D. included a doctoral concentration in secular bioethics at the world's foremost bioethics institute, noted that the bill was poorly prepared using faulty science and lacking basic definitions necessary to have the law actually ban cloning as it claims it does. (lifesitenews.com)
Legislation4
- The intent of this legislation is to prevent the cloning of humans,' said Rep. Beard. (lifenews.com)
- VICTORIA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - The B.C. Liberals tabled draft legislation to scrap the province's Human Rights Commission, leaving only a simple tribunal to hear complaints. (lifesitenews.com)
- OTTAWA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - Dr. Dianne Irving, a leading international expert on new reproductive technologies, has reviewed the proposed Canadian legislation, Bill C-56 and has found it completely inadequate. (lifesitenews.com)
- However the legislation was drafted in terms of the scientific data of the time and had not anticipated that cloning would be undertaken using an unfertilised ovum. (cmq.org.uk)
Destructive1
- In such a confusing situation, the bill was sent to a three-member special committee to sort it out, comprised of Lentini, Hines, and one of Hines' fellow supporters of destructive research, Senator Noble Ellington (D-Winnsboro). (lifenews.com)
Scientists2
- 1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
- Scientists are hoping that the cells can be made from someone's own skin to treat a disease. (healthline.com)
Techniques1
- Most human embryos reproduced by most human cloning techniques would actually be genetically unique -- i.e., having never existed before. (lifeissues.net)
Scientific Research1
International1
- Would issues relating to research on embryos benefit from more attention at international level? (cmq.org.uk)
Opponents2
- Rep. Beard had pointed out that a total human cloning ban does not impede research, as his opponents, including Senator Hines, have accused. (lifenews.com)
- Opponents believe that an embryo is a living human being. (healthline.com)
Virtually1
- These cells can give rise to virtually any other type of cell in the body. (healthline.com)
Recipient1
- To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
Produce1
- Research is underway to find ways to produce iPSCs safely. (healthline.com)
Ethical concerns1
Life5
- Ellington, who refused to compromise even at the urging of Gov. Blanco, said his support stems from his views that the embryo is not a human life. (lifenews.com)
- Beard's measure has the backing of a group of pro-life organizations, including the Catholic Church, which has lobbied hard in support of his bill, especially since it was "sabotaged" by the pro-embryonic research amendment. (lifenews.com)
- Creating human life simply for the purpose of destroying it is immoral, unethical and should be illegal. (lifenews.com)
- What happens when the latest and greatest in medical science comes at the expense of another human life? (flfamily.org)
- How would you feel knowing that a human life was created only to be destroyed for your benefit? (flfamily.org)