Human cells of clones clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In humans, a major roadblock in achieving successful SCNT leading to embryonic stem cells has been the fact that human SCNT embryos fail to progress beyond the eight-cell stage. (news-medical.net)
They derived several human embryonic stem cell lines from these cloned embryos whose DNA was an exact match to the adult cell that donated the DNA. (news-medical.net)
Such human fully integrated and complete SEMs recapitulate the organization of nearly all known lineages and compartments of post-implantation human embryos, including the epiblast, the hypoblast, the extra-embryonic mesoderm and the trophoblast layer surrounding the latter compartments. (nature.com)
Although it is possible to culture structures derived from human blastocysts ex vivo, these cultures do not recapitulate the events and structural organization of the in vivo embryos 6 ( Supplementary Information ). (nature.com)
Researchers there are working on technology that induces human skin cells to change into the kind of stem cells that have been created by embryos. (cbc.ca)
Some argue that the possibility of mimicking stem cells without acquiring them from embryos, side-steps that moral dilemma. (cbc.ca)
Embryonic stem cells come from embryos, embryonic germ cells from testes, and adult stem cells can come from bone marrow. (cbc.ca)
This new method of generating stem cells does not require embryos as starting points and could be used to generate cells from many adult tissues, such as a patient's own skin cells,' said principal author Andras Nagy, senior investigator at Mount Sinai's Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute. (cbc.ca)
Dr Hwang, 52, gained worldwide fame after producing the world's first cloned human embryos and stem cells tailored to be used on individuals. (bbc.co.uk)
Human cloning science offers the possibility that stem cells harvested from cloned embryos could be used to treat diseases like Parkinson's, diabetes and heart disease. (bbc.co.uk)
However, opponents argue that creating and experimenting with human embryos is unethical. (bbc.co.uk)
There are no international laws governing the use of cells and embryos, but scientists said a tough regulatory climate - like that in force in the UK - could prevent such abuses or misunderstandings. (bbc.co.uk)
No persuasive reason exist for cloning save for genetic determinists who believe an organism is nothing more than the sum total of its genetic make-up and that it is their right to exploit cloned human embryos for spare body parts. (biosafety-info.net)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

Human cloning ought to be banned, both reproductive cloning and so-called therapeutic cloning-or as Stanford University recently referred to it, "human nuclear transplantation. (probe.org)
A second argument for cloning starts with the idea of reproductive rights. (bartleby.com)
When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

The therapeutic potential of cloned human cells has been demonstrated by another study using human oocytes to reprogram adult cells of a type 1 diabetic. (news-medical.net)
Although attempts have not yet been made to create a therapeutic transplant from embryonic stem cells, the methods have been developed to allow the creation of functional, mature cells using human cell cloning technology. (news-medical.net)
Is so-called 'therapeutic' human cloning really necessary? (biosafety-info.net)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
Therapeutic cloning, which creates embryonic stem cells . (medlineplus.gov)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
This is therapeutic cloning. (who.int)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)

By transferring adult cell DNA into an embryonic stem cell, it is possible to create a line of immortal embryonic cells that are able to develop into any type of adult cell, genetically identical to the donor. (news-medical.net)
The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)

This has led to a lot of interest in SCNT, which is best known as the method used to pioneer whole animal cloning technology, such as Dolly the sheep. (news-medical.net)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
Comment: Indeed, if passed, "total cloning bans" H.R. 534, H.R. 234, H.R. 916, and S. 245 would not ban anything either - not even the SCNT cloning technique that was used to make Dolly the sheep. (lifeissues.net)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
The most famous clone was a Scottish sheep named Dolly. (medlineplus.gov)

One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
SCNT is a method of cloning mammalian cells that can be used to create personalized embryonic stem cells from an adult animal or human. (news-medical.net)

To clone a human CTR (hCTR), a BIN-67 cDNA library was screened using a cDNA probe from a porcine renal CTR (pCTR) that we recently cloned. (jci.org)
Transfection of this cDNA into COS cells resulted in expression of receptors with high affinity for salmon CT (Kd = approximately 0.44 nM) and for human CT (Kd = approximately 5.4 nM). (jci.org)
The cloned cDNA encodes a putative peptide of 490 amino acids with seven potential transmembrane domains. (jci.org)
Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (nih.gov)

Embryo-like models with spatially organized morphogenesis and structure of all defining embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues of the post-implantation human conceptus (that is, the embryonic disc, the bilaminar disc, the yolk sac, the chorionic sac and the surrounding trophoblast layer) remain lacking 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Mouse naive embryonic stem cells have recently been shown to give rise to embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells capable of self-assembling into post-gastrulation structured stem-cell-based embryo models with spatially organized morphogenesis (called SEMs) 3 . (nature.com)
Implantation of the human embryo leads to a number of changes in organization that are essential for gastrulation and future development 1 . (nature.com)
and (3) evidence of developmental dynamism relating to ability to progress, in a structurally organized manner, through morphologically characterized developmental milestones of the early post-implantation human embryo following initial aggregate formation 3 . (nature.com)
Opponents argue that any embryo has the potential to develop into a mature human. (cbc.ca)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)

But SCNT can also be used to clone human cells for transplant or other therapies. (news-medical.net)
In 2013, scientists reported a successful SCNT procedure by modifying the protocol for specific human oocyte biology. (news-medical.net)
This was the first successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into embryonic stem cells using a cloning technique, SCNT. (news-medical.net)
Another successful attempt at human SCNT was made using cells from two adult males. (news-medical.net)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)

Eve was delivered by Caesarian section from her twin sister (the woman who donated the nuclear genetic material from which she was cloned also served as the surrogate mother). (probe.org)

The ability to study human post-implantation development remains limited owing to ethical and technical challenges associated with intrauterine development after implantation 1 . (nature.com)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
Several authors have attempted to outline some of the ethical objections to cloning while at the same time minimizing the role religion plays in this debate. (bartleby.com)

When genes of the bacterium and its human host evolve together, the strain is less harmful than that same strain in a person whose ancestors didn't encounter that particular microbe. (sciencenews.org)
But previous approaches required the use of viruses to deliver the four genes needed to activate the cell and accomplish that task. (cbc.ca)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)

Can Humans Be Cloned Like Sheep? (probe.org)

Cloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. (news-medical.net)
Much of this process relies on the morphogenesis of the extra-embryonic tissues and the effect this has on the organization of embryonic cells. (nature.com)
Researchers hope to use these cells to grow healthy tissue to replace injured or diseased tissues in the human body. (medlineplus.gov)

Stem cells come in three forms: embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells and adult stem cells. (cbc.ca)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

Note: Please read The Little Lamb That Made a Monkey of Us All for the author's comments on the news of a successful lamb cloning (March 7, 1997). (probe.org)
General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)

Scientists produced embryonic stem cells from the DNA of one person combined with a human donor egg. (technologyreview.com)
Scientists have been all abuzz in the last few years over stem cells - cellular magicians that promise to dazzle and amaze. (cbc.ca)
Scientists say embryonic stem cells are the most useful type because they have the potential to become any type of cell within the body. (cbc.ca)
Scientists are fascinated by the ability of stem cells to become any type of cell. (cbc.ca)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)

Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism. (medlineplus.gov)

In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)

This gene encodes a cell surface membrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily. (origene.com)

The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)

Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)

Those were spindle removal, donor cell fusion, and cytoplast activation. (news-medical.net)
The mitochondrial DNA of the stem cells, however, matched the donor egg's mitochondrial DNA. (news-medical.net)
The resulting cells were pluripotent and could be differentiated into insulin-producing beta cells to restore the function of the pancreas in the donor. (news-medical.net)
These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)

They are in an early stage of development and have the ability to become any type of cell to form skin, bones, organs or other body parts. (cbc.ca)
Cloning new organs and stem cell research . (globalchange.com)

Researchers have determined that several steps in the protocol were critical for human cellular reprogramming. (news-medical.net)
Two other independent researchers, Severino Antinori (an Italian working in an undisclosed Muslim country) and Panos Zavos (from Lexington, Kentucky) have also been hinting at human cloning success and suggesting that a birth will be announced soon. (probe.org)
This incredibly high 50% success rate for human cloning leaves most researchers believing that either this isn't really a clone or they simply aren't revealing all the other failures. (probe.org)
However, researchers at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute say reprogrammed cells won't eliminate the need or value of studying embryonic stem cells. (cbc.ca)
A cloning pioneer regarded as a hero in his South Korean homeland has resigned and apologised for using human eggs from his own researchers. (bbc.co.uk)
The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)

In a study published in the online journal Nature on March 1, 2009, Canadian researches described a new method for generating stem cells from adult human tissue. (cbc.ca)
If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

Retrieved on December 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Cloning-Human-Cells.aspx. (news-medical.net)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)

a Domain organization of the four subunits of human Pol δ and amino acid sequence of PCNA-interacting (PIP-box) motifs. (nature.com)

It's given name is the "Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003," the stated purpose of which, supposedly, is to "prohibit human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)

Mycobacterium canettii ," an opportunistic human higher among expatriate than among Djiboutian patients pathogen living in an unknown environmental reservoir, is and that patients with M. canettii infection were significant- the progenitor species from which Mycobacterium tubercu- ly younger than those with M. tuberculosis infection ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent - they have the ability to become virtually any type of cell within the body. (cbc.ca)

However, it appears that the ability of the In its simplest form, cloning is defined stem cells to transform is limited, except as the exact replication of cells. (who.int)

In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)

A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)

The cloning method is based on the fact that cytoplasmic factors in mature, metaphase II oocytes are able to reset the identity of a transplanted adult cell nucleus to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)

Here we extend those findings to humans using only genetically unmodified human naive embryonic stem cells (cultured in human enhanced naive stem cell medium conditions) 4 . (nature.com)
Learn about the different kinds and functions of stem cells, and about the medical possibilities and controversies surrounding stem cell research. (bioedonline.org)
He is the co-author of the book The Natural Limits to Biological Change , served as general editor of Creation, Evolution and Modern Science , co-author of Basic Questions on Genetics, Stem Cell Research and Cloning (The BioBasics Series) , and has published numerous journal articles. (probe.org)
In December 1999, the editors of Science, the journal devoted to scientific and medical matters, called stem cell research the 'Breakthrough of the Year. (cbc.ca)
Since then, there has been a flurry of announcements about developments in stem cell research and hints of promising treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and cancer. (cbc.ca)
In May 2007, Ontario and California announced a $30-million stem cell research deal aimed at finding new therapies for those diseases. (cbc.ca)
Ontario and California together account for about 70 per cent of the stem cell research currently conducted in North America. (cbc.ca)
Some of that money would be aimed at turning the state into the second-largest stem cell research region in the United States. (cbc.ca)
Professor Hwang Woo-suk was chairman of the World Stem Cell Hub, which opened this month, based in Seoul. (bbc.co.uk)
The professor said he was resigning from all public posts, including his chairmanship of the World Stem Cell Hub, which is designed to produce stem cell lines for disease research worldwide. (bbc.co.uk)
What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

Dermal fibroblasts were taken from a 35-year old male and a 75-year-old male and used to create embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)

The present report gives an overview of the terms and methods used in cloning and summarizes the debates in the General Assembly. (who.int)

These cells have been sought after as potential therapies for diseases ranging from heart disease to Parkinson's to cancer. (news-medical.net)
These studies suggest that this gene product may also be important in T cell function and contribute to the prevention of autoimmune diseases. (origene.com)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)

To successfully clone human cells, eggs must be dunked in the stimulant. (sciencenews.org)
Earlier this month Gerald Schatten, a prominent American colleague of Dr Hwang, broke off their collaboration saying he was concerned by the way the group procured human eggs. (bbc.co.uk)
South Korea's health ministry also admitted that other women were paid thousands of dollars for their eggs, though this took place without Dr Hwang's knowledge and before a new law outlawed trading in human eggs. (bbc.co.uk)
The research conducted by his team requires large numbers of human eggs, which are difficult to obtain. (bbc.co.uk)
Even if you don't have a religious view of the sanctity of life, you have to ask is there going to be a massive trade in human eggs from poor women to rich countries. (wikiquote.org)

Silencing oncogene cell division cycle associated 5 induces apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of non-small cell lung cancer cells via p53-p21 signaling pathway. (nih.gov)

In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)

Why Is Cloning So Difficult and How Did They Do It? (probe.org)

In eukaryotes, DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) bound to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) replicates the lagging strand and cooperates with flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) to process the Okazaki fragments for their ligation. (nature.com)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)

and regulation of cell cycle process. (nih.gov)
This process allows people to clone living things of any sort. (bartleby.com)

The structural differences may account for observed differences in binding affinity between the porcine renal and human ovarian CTRs. (jci.org)
Loss of cell division cycle‑associated 5 promotes cell apoptosis by activating DNA damage response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)

While I have to agree with the author's concerns (we'll call him Kettle) about the use of waffling and fake science in the supposed cloning "bans" proposed by the Pots, if truth be told, there's enough concern to go around for both the Pots and the Kettles. (lifeissues.net)
The have been applied to both the plant and ani- stem cells possess pluripotential charac- mal kingdoms without even stirring a ripple teristics, and can differentiate into various of concern in international conscience [ 2 ]. (who.int)

Dr Hwang's breakthrough was seen as particularly important as the stem cells he created were a perfect match for the patient, which could mean treatments without the risk of the body rejecting them. (bbc.co.uk)
pharmaceuticals, chemical compositions and treatments of the human or animal body. (lexology.com)

Moreover, treatment with imiquimod downregulated MHC class I molecules on tumor cells possibly resulting in a reduced binding affinity for inhibitory receptor NKG2A expressed on γδ T cells. (aacrjournals.org)

Here, we investigated the modulation of γδ T cell-mediated tumor cell lysis by TLR ligands. (aacrjournals.org)
γδ T-cell cytotoxicity and granzyme A/B production were enhanced after pretreatment of tumor cells with TLR3 [poly(I:C)] or TLR7 ligand (imiquimod). (aacrjournals.org)
Poly(I:C) treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinomas followed by coculture with γδ T cells resulted in an upregulation of CD54 on the tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)

Anatomy31

Organisms23

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment46

Phenomena and Processes95

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care4

Embryos16

Reproductive8

Therapeutic10

Blastocyst5

Embryonic stem2

Dolly7

Mammalian2

CDNA4

Embryo6

SCNT5

Surrogate mother1

Ethical3

Genes4

Sheep1

Tissues3

Germ cells2

19972

Somatic cell2

Scientists5

Processes used to create2

Genetically identical3

Encodes1

Organisms1

Genomes2

Donor6

Organs2

Researchers6

Tissue3

Https1

Cows1

Organization1

Prohibit1

Species3

Pluripotent1

Replication1

Procedure1

Possibility1

Nucleus4

Stem cell12

Naturally1

Fibroblasts1

Methods1

Diseases3

Eggs5

Induces1

Animals1

Difficult1

Nuclear2

Fail1

Process2

Renal2

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Molecules1

Tumor3