• In paraffin-embedded brain tissue samples of two affected siblings of the Pakistani patient, cathepsin D was absent, suggesting rapid degradation of the c.764dupA mutant cathepsin D at mRNA or protein level in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • Cathepsin Z, also called cathepsin X or cathepsin P, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSZ gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most prevalent form of human prion disease and it is characterized by the presence of neuronal loss, spongiform degeneration, chronic inflammation and the accumulation of misfolded and pathogenic prion protein (PrP Sc ). (nih.gov)
  • Cathepsin D is produced as an inactive enzyme, called a preproenzyme, which has extra protein segments attached. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Masson O, Bach AS, Derocq D, Prebois C, Laurent-Matha V, Pattingre S, Liaudet-Coopman E. Pathophysiological functions of cathepsin D: Targeting its catalytic activity versus its protein binding activity? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Invasion and metastasis of certain tumors are accompanied by increased mRNA protein levels and enzymatic activity of cathepsin L. Cathepsin L has also been suggested to play a role in the proteolytic cascades associated with apoptosis. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, down-regulation of cathepsin L lowered the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, whereas up-regulation increased the expression of Bcl-2, indicating that cathepsin L acts upstream of caspase-3. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • These data show that cathepsin L is an important protein mediating the malignancy of gliomas and its inhibition may diminish their invasion and lead to increased tumor cell apoptosis by reducing apoptotic threshold. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Similarly, Ou and colleagues 3 show that cathepsin L inhibitor SID26681509 dramatically decreased SARS-CoV-2-S pseudovirions entry into 293/hACE2 cells, suggesting that cathepsin L is essential for priming of SARS-CoV-2 S protein in the lysosome. (researchsquare.com)
  • It is a native protein, whole molecule, isolated from human liver. (athensresearch.com)
  • Wӓster P, Rosdahl I, Ӧllinger K. Cell fate regulated by nuclear factor-κB- and activator protein-1-dependent signalling in human melanocytes exposed to ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B. Br J Dermatol. (athensresearch.com)
  • Description: Cathepsin D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSD gene. (gemini-genomics.com)
  • When a cathepsin cleaves an Ebola surface protein, it allows the virus to enter and infect the cell. (acs.org)
  • A major human epididymis-specific cDNA encodes a protein with sequence homology to extracellular proteinase inhibitors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The amino acid sequence of a major human epididymis-specific protein was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its cloned cDNA. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Western blot analysis showed that Cathepsin D protein was produced at very low levels and was not processed to the mature form. (cdc.gov)
  • IGFII receptor, the processing protein for Cathepsin D, was also expressed at very low levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Carrier-protein conjugated synthetic peptide encompassing a sequence within the center region of human SQSTM1 / P62. (genetex.com)
  • We identified cathepsin as a protease that carries out the rate-limiting step in Ctr1 ecto-domain cleavage and demonstrated that this cleavage is stimulated by the Ctr2 integral membrane protein. (nih.gov)
  • Neuronal lysosomal impairment caused by Calpain over activation leads to the release of the lysosomal protease Cathepsin S that in sCJD mainly localises in axons, although massive Cathepsin S overexpression is detected in microglial cells. (nih.gov)
  • Cathepsin C (CTSC) is a cysteine protease of the papain family (1). (rndsystems.com)
  • The CTSD gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called cathepsin D. Cathepsin D is one of a family of cathepsin proteins that act as protease enzymes, which modify proteins by cutting them apart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Benes P, Vetvicka V, Fusek M. Cathepsin D--many functions of one aspartic protease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cathepsin L is an endosomal cysteine protease that mediates the cleavage of the S1 subunit of the coronavirus surface spike glycoprotein. (researchsquare.com)
  • 1 We have previously shown that the first generation HIV protease inhibitor, saquinavir, blocks the activity of mouse cathepsin L (cathepsin V in humans) in macrophages. (researchsquare.com)
  • 4 Herein, we evaluated a possible inhibitory effect of several FDA-approved HIV protease inhibitors on the activity of cathepsin L. (researchsquare.com)
  • They also secrete cathepsin G, a serine protease implicated in cytokine release, receptor activation, and degradation of tissue proteins. (nih.gov)
  • The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human CTSB. (caslab.com)
  • Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human CTSB and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. (caslab.com)
  • Only those wells that contain Human CTSB, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. (caslab.com)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Cathepsin Z (CTSZ) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (noveoninc.com)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Cathepsin Z (CTSZ) in samples from Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (noveoninc.com)
  • Western Blot: At a dilution of 1:4000 the antibody reacts with 0.075, 0.15, and 0.3 ug human liver cathepsin D and does not react with cathepsins B, H or L. (athensresearch.com)
  • The Cathepsin D immunogen used to prepare this antibody was purified in the Athens Research & Technology laboratory. (athensresearch.com)
  • By using a humanized mouse model allowing to study the immunomodulatory activity of human checkpoint control antibodies in vivo, we demonstrate that deglycosylation of the CD137-specific IgG4 antibody urelumab results in an amelioration of liver toxicity, while maintaining T cell stimulatory activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • While loss of humoral tolerance has been associated with microbial infections, the pathways involved in balancing protective versus autoreactive antibody responses in humans are incompletely understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cathepsin Z is also reported to have a protective, but not proteolytic, function in inflammatory gastric disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteolytic activation of human cathepsin A. (anl.gov)
  • Methionine sulfoxide and proteolytic cleavage contribute to the inactivation of cathepsin G by hypochlorous acid: an oxidative mechanism for regulation of serine proteinases by myeloperoxidase. (nih.gov)
  • Release of this peptide was blocked by pretreating cathepsin G with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, strongly implying that oxidation introduced proteolytic cleavage sites into cathepsin G. Model system studies demonstrated that methionine oxidation can direct the regiospecific proteolysis of peptides by cathepsin G. Thus, oxidation of Met110 may contribute to cathepsin G inactivation by at least two distinct mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • Sickle cell disease promotes sex-dependent pathological bone loss through enhanced cathepsin proteolytic activity in mice. (nih.gov)
  • By cutting proteins apart, cathepsin D can break down certain proteins, turn on (activate) other proteins, and regulate self-destruction of the cell (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • To investigate the role of cathepsin L in brain tumor invasion and apoptosis, the human glioma cell line, IPTP, was stably transfected with full-length antisense and sense cDNA of cathepsin L. Down-regulation of cathepsin L by antisense cDNA significantly impaired (up to 70%) glioma cell invasion in vitro and markedly increased glioma cell apoptosis induced by staurosporine. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Up-regulation of cathepsin L activity by sense cDNA was associated with reduced apoptosis and later induction of caspase-3 activity. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Analysis of genes within the deleted region of chromosome 4 demonstrated decreased expression of the cell cycle inhibitory factor p16 at 39 cM, the NR4A3 receptor involved in apoptosis at 42.7 cM, the differentiation factor Forkhead Box D3 at 45 cM and the apoptotic factor Cathepsin D at 50 cM. (cdc.gov)
  • In conclusion, these results indicate that Manu A is a potential to treat human OSCC via cell apoptosis through the downregulation of Sp1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Selective inhibitor of the osteoclastic enzyme cathepsin K. (axonmedchem.com)
  • 2 Although not highlighted in their report, full inhibition was obtained when the cathepsin B/L inhibitor E64 was used in combination, suggesting synergistic effects of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin B/L inhibitors. (researchsquare.com)
  • Additionally, a newly designed compound based on the saquinavir molecule named M374.1 5 was tested, with the established cathepsin-L inhibitor, SID26681509, used as a positive control. (researchsquare.com)
  • 9. Cathepsin-D, urokinase plasminogen activator and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in early breast cancer: an immunohistochemical study of prognostic value and relations to tenascin-C and other factors. (nih.gov)
  • Microfluidic Platform for Microparticle Fabrication and Release of a Cathepsin Inhibitor. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers began their work with a known cathepsin inhibitor named E64. (acs.org)
  • It is a member of the cysteine cathepsin family of cysteine proteases, which has 11 members. (wikipedia.org)
  • The human cathepsin Z contains distinctive features from other human cysteine proteases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Emerging roles for cysteine proteases in human biology. (degruyter.com)
  • It is now well accepted that cysteine proteases such as Cathepsin L (Cat L) promote the degradation of basement membranes and extracellular matrix, thereby facilitating invasion and metastasis [6]. (hhs.gov)
  • 4. Expression of serine proteases and metalloproteinases in human pituitary adenomas and anterior pituitary lobe tissue. (nih.gov)
  • Here we detail experiments to test the hypothesis that Ctr1 ecto-domain cleavage, through the cathepsin L/B proteases and Cu-responsive Ctr2 levels, is a critical regulatory mechanism for mammalian Cu acquisition. (nih.gov)
  • Cathepsin Z has an exposed integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp motif within the propeptide of the enzyme, through which cathepsin Z has been shown to interact with several integrins during normal homeostasis, immune processes and cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results clarify a longstanding question about the mechanism of cathepsin A activation and point to new avenues for the design of mechanism-based inhibitors of the enzyme. (anl.gov)
  • The mature, active cathepsin D enzyme is made up of two parts, one light chain and one heavy chain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CTSD gene mutations found to cause CLN10 disease that is present at birth lead to a complete lack of cathepsin D enzyme activity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the later-onset cases of CLN10 disease, CTSD gene mutations likely result in the production of a cathepsin D enzyme whose function is greatly reduced but not eliminated. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Further, we were able to confirm lack of cathepsin D in the brain tissue of yet another, unrelated, patient of English origin with congenital NCL. (nih.gov)
  • It has been hypothesized that cysteine cathepsins (CTs) along with matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) may work in conjunction in the proteolysis of mature dentin matrix. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Previously, we showed that a mutation in the cathepsin D gene causes congenital NCL in sheep. (nih.gov)
  • On the basis of the neuropathological and ultrastructural similarities between the sheep and patients affected with congenital NCL, we screened the cathepsin D gene for mutations in a patient of Pakistani origin. (nih.gov)
  • We identified a nucleotide duplication, c.764dupA, in the cathepsin D gene in homozygous form in the patient, and in heterozygous form in his father. (nih.gov)
  • Upregulation of cathepsin L gene under mild cold conditions in young Japanese male adults. (nih.gov)
  • Rodgers, Kenneth J. / Accumulation of hypochlorite modified LDL by human monocyte-derived macrophages causes a selective increase in expression of the cathepsin S gene . (edu.au)
  • Chan, PY, Dunlop, RA & Rodgers, KJ 2006, ' Accumulation of hypochlorite modified LDL by human monocyte-derived macrophages causes a selective increase in expression of the cathepsin S gene ', Free Radical Research , vol. 40, pp. (edu.au)
  • We hypothesized that gene expression profiling may discriminate vanadium from zinc in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). (nih.gov)
  • Southern blot analyses of human genomic DNA showed that the transcripts originated from a single copy gene. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Northern blot and in situ transcript hybridization specifically localized the HE4 (human epididymis gene product) mRNA to the epithelial cells of the epididymal duct, predominantly within the distal sections. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Among patients in a large cardiac catheterization clinic cohort, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human Ctr1 gene that occurs predominantly in African Americans, resulting in hyper-cleavage of the Ctr1 Cu-binding ecto-domain and decreased cellular Cu acquisition. (nih.gov)
  • However, mechanisms behind endothelial cell integration of biochemical and biomechanical cues to regulate cathepsin production are not known. (degruyter.com)
  • We found that activated neutrophils lost cathepsin G activity by a pathway requiring myeloperoxidase, suggesting that oxidants generated by myeloperoxidase might regulate cathepsin G activity in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Activation of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 ('gelatinase') by human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To invade a cell, Ebola takes advantage of enzymes known as cathepsins that are part of the cell's machinery for breaking down and recycling proteins. (acs.org)
  • JNK/c-jun were still phosphorylated, but cathepsin K mRNA levels were significantly reduced to almost null indicating separate biomechanical regulation of cathepsin K by shear stress separate from biochemical stimulation. (degruyter.com)
  • Zhou, W. , Richmond-Buccola, D. , Wang, Q. , and Kranzusch, P. J. (2022) Structural basis of human TREX1 DNA degradation and autoimmune disease . (anl.gov)
  • Ebola viral particles (blue) infect cells such as these monkey kidney epithelial cells (yellow-green) via cathepsin enzymes. (acs.org)
  • Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Cathepsin Z (CTSZ) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids. (noveoninc.com)
  • Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Cathepsin Z(CTSZ) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (noveoninc.com)
  • The ability of human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G to activate matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3 = stromelysin) and MMP-2 ('gelatinase') purified from human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts in culture was examined. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The zymogen of MMP-3 (proMMP-3) was activated to full activity with elastase and cathepsin G by limited proteolysis of the molecule into two active forms of M r ∼ 45000 and M r ∼ 25000. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These data suggest that neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G may play an important role in the activation of proMMP-3 in vivo in various inflammatory conditions, but proMMP-2 may be activated in different ways. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Okada, Y & Nakanishi, I 1989, ' Activation of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 ('gelatinase') by human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G ', FEBS Letters , vol. 249, no. 2, pp. 353-356. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Elastase and cathepsin G of human monocytes. (reactome.org)
  • This includes human macrophages that are intrinsically difficult to study from humans due to their organ-resident nature. (bvsalud.org)
  • Quantitative relationships between molecular structure of forty eight aldehyde compounds with their known Cathepsin K inhibitory effects were discovered by partial least squares (PLS) method. (ac.ir)
  • In this report, we describe a previously unknown inhibitory effect of two FDA-approved drugs, saquinavir and nelfinavir, on human cathepsin L activity. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this report, we describe an inhibitory effect of two FDA-approved drugs, saquinavir and nelfinavir, on human cathepsin L activity. (researchsquare.com)
  • Here we present evidence for an alternate model of activation of human cathepsin A, needing only cleavage of a 3.3-kDa excision peptide to yield full enzymatic activity, with no conformational change required. (anl.gov)
  • This cleavage is necessary for coronavirus entry into human host cells and viruses/host cell endosome membrane fusion. (researchsquare.com)
  • PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Copper is an essential trace element for embryonic development, growth and metabolism in humans and copper deficiency leads to anemia, cognitive and neurological defects and cardiac disease. (nih.gov)
  • 2. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, cathepsin B, and urokinase plasminogen activator in non-skull base chordoma. (nih.gov)
  • Fig. 1: Simplified schematic maps of the MHC complex in humans, mice and chickens. (nature.com)
  • Comparative analysis of arterial compliance in mice genetically null for cathepsins K, L, or S. (nih.gov)
  • Previous studies in mice had reported that even if the two main cathepsins in cells were blocked, Ebola could find alternate routes of infection using other cathepsins. (acs.org)
  • Human immune system mice, also referred to as humanized mice, are a major research tool for the in vivo study of human immune system function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Upon reconstitution with human hematopoietic stem cells, all major human leukocyte populations develop in immunodeficient mice and can be detected in peripheral blood as well as in lymphatic and nonlymphatic tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the following chapter, we provide a detailed protocol for generation of human immune system mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • We suggest that these mice are a suitable model to study human macrophage function in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • For instance, cathepsin Z promotes invasion and migration via a noncatalytic mechanism, suggesting multiple modes of cell invasion may be involved in cancer malignancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous structural work on the inactive precursor human cathepsin A (zymogen) led to a two-stage model for activation, where proteolysis of a 1.6-kDa excision peptide is followed by a conformational change in a blocking peptide occluding the active site. (anl.gov)
  • The researchers, led by Roberto Romero, M.D., chief of the Perinatology Research Branch at NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), found that the placenta contains molecules that previous studies have suggested as potential routes for SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the CD147 receptor and the enzymes cathepsin L and Furin. (nih.gov)
  • No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human CTSB and analogues was observed. (caslab.com)
  • Cathepsin Z has been reported involved in cancer malignancy and inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human CTSB. (caslab.com)
  • You can calculate the concentration of Human CTSB in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve. (caslab.com)
  • This kit recognizes Human CTSB in samples. (caslab.com)
  • This ELISA kit applies to the in vitro quantitative determination of Human CTSB concentrations in Serum, plasma and other biological fluids. (caslab.com)
  • Background: Cathepsin B (CTSB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are increased with aerobic exercise (AE) and skeletal muscle has been identified as a potential source of secretion. (iospress.com)
  • However, the intensity of AE and the potential for skeletal muscle contributions to circulating CTSB and BDNF have not been fully studied in humans. (iospress.com)
  • Whether the pivotal role for cathepsin L in Sars-Cov-2 infection described in vitro can be translated to humans, our results support immediate clinical trials of saquinavir or nelfinavir as a potential treatment for COVID-19 patients. (researchsquare.com)
  • Isolated cathepsin G was inactivated by HOCl but not by hydrogen peroxide in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • Based on in vitro pharmacological studies, mouse models and analyses of human melanoma patients, we show that the cytokine GDF-15 impairs LFA-1/ß2-integrin-mediated adhesion of T cells to activated endothelial cells, which is a pre-requisite of T cell extravasation. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is an exopeptidase with strict carboxypeptidase activity, while most other cathepsins are endopeptidases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, it was observed that, at least for sound human dentin matrices, the activity of MMPs seems to be predominant over the CTs one. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Compared to control and parental cell lines, antisense down-regulation of cathepsin L was associated with an earlier induction of caspase-3 activity. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • 7. Activity and expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinases in human colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of oxidized cathepsin G revealed that loss of a peptide containing Asp108, which lies in the active site, associated quantitatively with loss of enzymatic activity. (nih.gov)
  • Insulin Signaling Regulates Oocyte Quality Maintenance with Age via Cathepsin B Activity. (immunochemistry.com)
  • The proform was activated by Recombinant Human Cathepsin L (Catalog # 952-CY ) and further purified. (rndsystems.com)
  • THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cells were either untreated or treated with 1 µg/mL of recombinant human IFN-gamma (R&D Systems, Catalog # 285-IF ) for 8 h, followed by 1 µg/mL of LPS for 16 h. (rndsystems.com)
  • MG63 human osteosarcoma cells were untreated or treated with 1 ng/mL of recombinant human IL-1 beta (R&D Systems, Catalog # 201-LB ) for 48 h. (rndsystems.com)
  • Human trabecular bone from two disease groups, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis was analyzed. (scirp.org)
  • Cathepsins K and V are powerful elastases elevated in endothelial cells by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) stimulation and disturbed blood flow both of which contribute to inflammation-mediated arterial remodeling. (degruyter.com)
  • To distinguish these mechanisms, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with TNFα and exposed to pro-remodeling or vasoprotective shear stress profiles. (degruyter.com)
  • In conclusion, NF-κB and AP-1 activation were necessary to activate cathepsin K expression in endothelial cells, highlighting integration of biochemical and biomechanical stimuli to control cathepsins K and V, powerful elastases implicated for arterial remodeling due to chronic inflammation and disturbed blood flow. (degruyter.com)
  • Human and Animal Cells plus corresponding Media and Tools. (pelobiotech.com)
  • Cathepsin D is found in many types of cells and is active in lysosomes, which are compartments within cells that digest and recycle different types of molecules. (medlineplus.gov)
  • demonstrated distinct expression patterns in human lung cells exposed to low and high doses of arsenic. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) inhibits invasion of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells: role of nuclear factor-kappaB and reactive oxygen species. (nih.gov)
  • SW480 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were untreated or treated with 100 ng/mL of LPS for 24 h. (rndsystems.com)
  • A Potential Antineoplastic Peptide of Human Prostate Cancer Cells Derived from the Lesser Spotted Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L. (mdpi.com)
  • Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of Cu in cells and tissues, the regulation of Cu accumulation, and the consequences due to dysregulated Cu acquisition are important to human health. (nih.gov)
  • Alterations in Ca 2+ homeostasis and activation of Calpain-Cathepsin axis already occur at pre-clinical stages of the disease as detected in a humanized sCJD mouse model.Altogether our work indicates that unbalanced Calpain-Cathepsin activation is a relevant contributor to the pathogenesis of sCJD at multiple molecular levels and a potential target for therapeutic intervention. (nih.gov)
  • TNFα upregulated cathepsin K via JNK/c-jun activation, but vasoprotective shear stress inhibited TNFα-stimulated cathepsin K expression. (degruyter.com)
  • The Human Adipoline Array detects multiple analytes in cultured human adipocytes and adipose tissue lysate. (rndsystems.com)
  • Structure of the human MHC-I peptide-loading complex. (nature.com)
  • Evasion of Human Neutrophil-Mediated Host Defense during Toxoplasma gondii Infection. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Tick-borne diseases are considered as emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals in China. (cabi.org)
  • NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
  • Related compounds appear to be nontoxic and have been tested in humans for other diseases, but they proved ineffective in late-stage clinical trials-probably because they break down easily in the bloodstream and are relatively insoluble. (acs.org)
  • The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) required all hospitals and health care providers in the United States to use the International Classification of Diseases, 10 th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) to report electronic health care transactions beginning in October 2015. (cdc.gov)
  • Alteration in copy number and expression of the genes on chromosome 4 may play a functional role in lung cancer development and may aid in the identification of mouse and human lung cancer susceptibility genes. (cdc.gov)