• CAD release from ICAD inhibition is achieved by cleavage of ICAD at these Asp residues by the caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
  • For a caspase-9-specific test, 5 μg of pcWNV-Cp-DJY or pcWNV-CpWT was cotransfected with a dominant negative caspase-9 (DN caspase-9) construct, and cleavage of procaspase-9 protein was determined by Western blot analysis with antihuman caspase-9 antibody (MBL, Nagoya, Japan). (cdc.gov)
  • Enhanced apoptosis was identified following a 48‑h incubation with 6‑OAP (0‑10 µM) that induced a dose‑dependent decrease in pro‑casp‑3 and the cleavage of its substrate, anti‑poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Caspases mediate their effects through aspartate-specific cleavage of their target proteins, and at present almost 400 caspase substrates are known. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are several methods developed to predict caspase cleavage sites from individual proteins, but currently none of them can be used to predict caspase cleavage sites from multiple proteins or entire proteomes, or to use several classifiers in combination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The possibility to create a database from predicted caspase cleavage products for the whole genome could significantly aid in identifying novel caspase targets from tandem mass spectrometry based proteomic experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three different pattern recognition classifiers were developed for predicting caspase cleavage sites from protein sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evaluation of the classifiers with quality measures indicated that all of the three classifiers performed well in predicting caspase cleavage sites, and when combining different classifiers the accuracy increased further. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both known caspase cleavage products as well as novel cleavage products were identified using the database demonstrating the usefulness of the tool. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have developed Pripper, a tool for reading an arbitrary number of proteins in FASTA format, predicting their caspase cleavage sites and outputting the cleaved sequences to a new FASTA format sequence file. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caspases mediate their effects through aspartate-specific cleavage of their target proteins, and several hundreds of caspase target proteins have been identified [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prediction of caspase cleavage sites from proteins is not a trivial task due to the heterogeneity of target sequences, and several different tools have been developed to predict caspase cleavage sites from individual proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Huntingtin contains a few domains that suggest particular functions, including WW domains and caspase cleavage sites ( 7 , 8 ), but the function of the protein remains unknown. (jci.org)
  • found that GSDMD-N itself can directly induce pyroptosis, which indicates that GSDMD cleavage is really an important index to detect whether pyroptosis occurs or not (10). (researchsquare.com)
  • We isolated primary tumor cells from 13 astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma patients of all four WHO grades of malignancy and compared the levels of TRAIL-induced apoptosis induction, long-term tumor cell survival, caspase, and caspase target cleavage. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Evaluation of the effects of phosphorylation of synthetic peptide substrates on their cleavage by caspase-3 and -7. (salvesenlab.org)
  • The exact contribution that the cleavage of many caspase substrates makes to the biochemistry and morphology of apoptosis is unclear. (wikidoc.org)
  • The cleavage and inactivation of ICAD/DFF45 by a caspase allows CAD to enter the nucleus and fragment the DNA, causing the characteristic 'DNA ladder' seen in apoptotic cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. (bd-ibr.org)
  • Caspase-7, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase, also known as CASP7, is a human protein encoded by the CASP7 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase-7 is a member of the caspase (cysteine aspartate protease) family of proteins, and has been shown to be an executioner protein of apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) or DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFFB gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase 3 is responsible for cellular differentiation, although it is unclear how this kind of protein can promote the cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • We observed that the WNV-Cp protein is a pathogenic protein, which drives apoptosis in vitro through the mitochodrial/caspase-9 pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • Pripper is not restricted to predicting only caspase cut sites, but it gives the possibility to scan protein sequences for any given motif(s) and predict cut sites once a suitable cut site prediction model for any other protease has been developed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several large protein classes are believed to be in this category, and so far only about 600 of the roughly 20,000 human proteins have been targeted successfully with FDA-approved drugs. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (Card)9 is a nonredundant adapter protein that functions in the innate immune system in the assembly of multifunctional signaling complexes. (nih.gov)
  • Together with B cell lymphoma (Bcl)10 and the paracaspase, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein (Malt)1, Card9 links spleen-tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin receptors to inflammatory responses. (nih.gov)
  • After 10 hours, cells were lysed and Caspase-3 knockdown at the protein level was measured via Western Blot. (enquirebio.com)
  • Extended subsite profiling of the pyroptosis effector protein gasdermin D reveals a region recognized by inflammatory caspase-11. (salvesenlab.org)
  • The apoptosis induced by 35 was characterized by the regulation of markers, including an increase in Bax, cleaved- caspase 3, and cleaved-PARP proteins, and a decrease in Bcl-2 protein. (atpasesignal.com)
  • Horvitz and his colleague Junying Yuan [2] found in 1993 that the protein encoded by the ced-3 gene was a cysteine protease with similar properties to the mammalian interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme (ICE) (now known as caspase 1) which at the time was the only known caspase. (wikidoc.org)
  • AIM: To explore the effect of human plasma alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein in the chemically induced mouse model of colorectal cancer. (lu.se)
  • Conclusion: Human AAT is an acute phase protein with a broad-protease inhibitory and immunomodulatory activities used as a therapeutic for emphysema patients with inherited AAT deficiency. (lu.se)
  • The cone-enriched apoptotic protease caspase-7 ( Casp7 ) is thought to be triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and plays a pivotal role in mice deficient in the cone cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, a deficiency that causes achromatopsia in humans and in mice with autosomal dominant rhodopsin mutations, in particular the T17M mutation. (molvis.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (cancerindex.org)
  • Human apoptotic cysteine protease Mch4 (Mch4) mRNA, complete cds. (lu.se)
  • The nonapoptotic caspase function of both caspase-8 and -10 does not require the protease activity and the DED-containing prodomains are sufficient for NF-kB activation. (reactome.org)
  • The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C14.004 Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P55210 (Human Caspase-7) at the PDBe-KB. (wikipedia.org)
  • Active recombinant caspases are useful in screening caspase inhibitors, studying enzyme kinetics and regulation, determining substrate specificity, and as a positive control in caspase activity assays. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Among the newly discovered ligands are selective inhibitors of two caspase enzymes, which have key roles in multiple diseases but have largely eluded efforts to target them with drugs. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • The initiation of this cascade reaction is regulated by caspase inhibitors. (wikidoc.org)
  • CASP2 , CASP8 , CASP9 and CASP10 ) cleave inactive pro-forms of effector caspases, thereby activating them. (wikidoc.org)
  • Caspase-10 is an initiator caspase, highly homologous to caspase-8, a relationship that extends to the death effector domains (DEDs) of their proforms. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Se realizó un estudio transversal de enero a febrero de 2020 en los teléfonos móviles de 100 trabajadores de laboratorio, que fueron seleccionados al azar mediante hisopos estériles humedecidos. (jppres.com)
  • A database was constructed with the developed tool, and it was used to identify caspase target proteins from tandem mass spectrometry data from two different proteomic experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that Pripper is a valuable tool in identifying novel caspase target proteins from modern proteomics experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies of amino acids in the motif have revealed that the motif is only moderately conserved between target proteins of different caspases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Researchers have long sought better ways to identify small-molecule ligands for human proteins and to determine which proteins in our cells are inherently "ligandable. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • The scientists devised a screening system in which they can apply these covalent-bonding fragment molecules one by one to entire collections of proteins expressed in human cells. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Applying a small library of cysteine-reactive fragments to the proteins found in two types of human cancer cells, the scientists found that the fragments successfully "liganded" more than 750 different cysteines found on more than 600 distinct proteins-which equated to more than 20 percent of all the proteins assayed in the samples. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Caspases are essential in cells for apoptosis , one of the main types of programmed cell death in development and most other stages of adult life, and have been termed "executioner" proteins for their roles in the cell. (wikidoc.org)
  • They are called cysteine proteases , because they use a cysteine residue to cut those proteins, and are called caspases because the cysteine residue cleaves their substrate proteins at specific asparagine residues. (wikidoc.org)
  • Per usual in non-apoptotic growing cells caspase activated dnase is held in check inactivated in the cytoplasm thanks to the association with its inhibitor, inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD) also known as DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa (DFF45). (wikipedia.org)
  • DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Caspase-8 substrate and pNA standard are especially light sensitive. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Ac-LEHD-AFC is a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-4, caspase-5, and caspase-9. (adooq.com)
  • Likewise, activity levels for a CYP1A1-specific substrate, luciferin CEE, demonstrated that CYP1A1 enzyme activities were maximally induced by 1 µM fipronil followed by dramatically declining activity measurements at 10 and 25 µM. (cdc.gov)
  • Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic processing by upstream caspases (caspase-8, -9) at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme in the form of a heterotetramer. (wikipedia.org)
  • DFFA is encoded by an alternatively encrypted mRNAs originating two distinct forms: short (ICAD-S) and long (ICAD-L), which act like a specific chaperone ensuring the correct CAD's folding Besides, it contains two aspartic acid residues (Asp117 and Asp224) where CAD is identified and, consequently, it stays bounded until Caspase-3 splits this union. (wikipedia.org)
  • Synthetic peptide made to an internal portion of human cIAP2 (within residues 100-200). (novusbio.com)
  • Caspases are a family of proteases that have central functions in programmed cell death (apoptosis) and inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caspase mechanisms in the regulation of inflammation. (salvesenlab.org)
  • The caffeine derivatives in mate tea not only induced death in human colon cancer cells, they also reduced important markers of inflammation," said Elvira de Mejia, a U of I associate professor of food chemistry and food toxicology. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Caspases are a family of calcium -dependent cysteine proteases , which play essential roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death), necrosis and inflammation . (wikidoc.org)
  • Caspase 3/7 activity was detected by luminescence assay. (karger.com)
  • Caspase 8 Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit, IETD Caspase-8 Colorimetric Activity Assay Kits provide a simple & convenient means for assaying the activity of caspases that recognize the sequence IETD. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • We recommend using 1U per assay for analyzing caspase activity. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Caspase 4 (CASP4) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (bioemm.com)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Caspase 4 (CASP4) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (bioemm.com)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Caspase 4 (CASP4) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (bioemm.com)
  • Exposure of human hepatocytes to doses of fipronil (5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl) sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile) ranging from 0.1 to 25 µM resulted in a dose dependent increase in CYP1A1 mRNA expression (3.5 to approximately 55-fold) as measured by the branched DNA assay. (cdc.gov)
  • The trypan blue assay indicated that cytotoxic effects contributing to an increase of greater than 10% of control values was indicated at doses above 12.5 µM. (cdc.gov)
  • Altogether 15 different caspases have been identified in mammals, and they are grouped into two major subfamilies, inflammatory and apoptotic caspases [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • combined BI2536 (an inhibitor of PLK1) with cisplatin (DDP) to treat ESCC cells and found the combination of two drugs had a synergistic effect on tumor inhibition and resulted in pyroptotic death of cancer cells by Caspase-3/GSDME pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • Z-YVAD-FMK is a potent cell-permeable and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-1. (adooq.com)
  • Z-VDVAD-FMK is a cell-permeable, irreversible inhibitor of caspase-2. (adooq.com)
  • VX-765 is a novel Caspase-1 inhibitor,which is an enzyme that controls the generation of two cytokines, IL-1b and IL-18. (adooq.com)
  • Z-DEVD-FMK is a specific, irreversible Caspase-3 inhibitor. (adooq.com)
  • Apoptosis is induced through the mitochondrial pathway resulting in caspase-9 activation and downstream caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
  • Though inducing more significantly pyroptosis by activating Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, OP-B relieved DDP resistance of A549 cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • The activation of classical and non-classical pathway is separately dependent on Caspase-1 or Caspase-4/5/11 (6, 7). (researchsquare.com)
  • [ 8 ] Caspase inhibition in clonal striatal cells showed no correlation between the reduction of aggregates in the cells and increased survival. (medscape.com)
  • However, the function of ICAD/DFF45 is to restrain the enzyme CAD (Caspase Activated DNase). (wikidoc.org)
  • The MM cells were collected and lysed in 0.5 ml lysis buffer containing 10 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 10 mM EDTA and 0.05% Triton X-100. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Genetic errors of the human caspase recruitment domain-B-cell lymphoma 10-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma-translocation gene 1 (CBM) complex: Molecular, immunologic, and clinical heterogeneity. (medscape.com)
  • The Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) gene encodes angiogenic factor, and the polymorphisms of Ang2 gene predict risk of various human diseases. (medsci.org)
  • The importance of caspases to apoptosis and programmed cell death was originally established by Robert Horvitz and colleagues who found that the ced-3 gene was required for the cell death that took place during the development of the nematode C. elegans . (wikidoc.org)
  • DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis-related gene expression were studied in CATH.a cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase-3 activation is a cell requirement during early stages of the skeletal myoblast differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase signals resulting from the activation of nuclease CAD indicate that the cell differentiation is due to a CAD modification in chromatin structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • VSV infection triggered rapid differentiation of blood monocytes into immature dendritic cells as well as their apoptosis, which depended on caspase 3/7 activation. (karger.com)
  • Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. (biossusa.com)
  • Endothelial activation of caspase-9 promotes neurovascular injury in retinal vein occlusion. (salvesenlab.org)
  • Processing of caspases is required for activation of downstream signaling and dsRNA stimulation inducese the processing of these caspases. (reactome.org)
  • The prodomain of the initiator caspases contain domains such as a CARD domain (e.g. caspases-2 and -9) or a death effector domain (DED) (caspases-8 and -10) that enables the caspases to interact with other molecules that regulate their activation. (wikidoc.org)
  • No internucleosomal fragmentation or caspase activation was evident, even in the presence of "supraphysiological" Mn concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • Fipronil mediated activation of caspase-3/7 in concurrence with compromised ATP production and viability are attributed to apoptotic cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Organic solvent-induced proximal tubular cell toxicity via caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
  • J Innate Immun (2018) 10 (2): 131-144. (karger.com)
  • In a similar manner, CYP3A4 mRNA expression was also induced (10-30-fold), although at the higher doses induction returned to near control levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Caspase-10 was reported to activate early in TRAIL-induced apoptosis and was found in association with the DR4 (TRAIL-R1) receptor complex in a thyroid carcinoma line. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Following this discovery, the other mammalian caspases, in addition to caspases in other organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , were soon identified and characterised. (wikidoc.org)
  • Ultimately cancer cells died with the induction of two specific enzymes, caspase-3 and caspase-8, de Mejia said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of pesticides to either inhibit or induce xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • the apoptosome (regulated by cytochrome c and the Bcl-2 family ) which activates caspase-9 . (wikidoc.org)
  • Caspase-3 is activated in the apoptotic cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism of 6‑OAP cytotoxicity in all cell lines was associated with the induction of apoptosis with the presence of cleaved caspase‑3 and PARP. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MM.1S, U266 and RPMI 8226 human MM cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
  • However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
  • In an excellent issue, J.P. Di SANTO focuses on murine NK cells, although parallels to human NK cell biology are also made. (scielo.br)
  • Thus, identifying a specific caspase as part of a cell death mechanism can give insights into the underlying cause for cell death. (molvis.org)
  • In this study, the anti-cancer effects of pentadecanoic acid were evaluated in human breast carcinoma MCF-7/stem-like cells (SC), a cell line with greater mobility, invasiveness, and cancer stem cell properties compared to the parental MCF-7 cells. (mdpi.com)
  • Cell morphological feature, mitochondrial membrane potential, LDH release rate, production of IL-1β and expression of Caspase-1/GSDMD all showed that pyroptosis happened more significantly in A549/DDP cells than that in A549 cells after OP-B treatment. (researchsquare.com)
  • Activated Caspase-1/4/5/11 catalyze GSDMD to cleave into GSDMD-N and GSDMD-C fragments, and GSDMD-N can bind and form pores at cell membrane, so as to lead pyroptosis and release IL-1β and IL-18 to extracellular environment (8, 9). (researchsquare.com)
  • Interestingly, the number of CD80 + pDC positively correlates with the presence of IL-10-producing regulatory type 1 cells (Tr1), an important cell type for maintaining peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. (hindawi.com)
  • To perform this function, DC are capable of capturing antigens, processing them, and presenting them on the cell surface complexed to major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules, for example, human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) DR. Along with that, context-dependent expression of costimulatory molecules, such as CD80 and CD86, and secretion of cytokines occurs. (hindawi.com)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Caspase 4 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (bioemm.com)
  • In the present study, Mn toxicity was characterized in a human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cell line and in a mouse catecholaminergic (CATH.a) cell line. (cdc.gov)
  • The anti-proliferative activities against HepG2 cells of these 10 com- pounds were determined by MTT assays (Fig. S1). (atpasesignal.com)
  • Cytotoxic effects of fipronil and fipronil sulfone were examined using the adenylate kinase and the trypan blue exclusion assays in HepG2 cells and human hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • The results indicate both that HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes are sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of fipronil. (cdc.gov)
  • The possibility that cytotoxic effects were due to apoptosis was indicated by significant time- and dose-dependent induction of caspase-3/7 activity in both HepG2 cells and human hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Regulation of the immune response involves the suppression of type 2 THCs (involved in humoral immunity) by interferon gamma and the production of IL-10 by type 2 THCs, which inhibits type 1 THCs. (medscape.com)
  • The results of our preliminary study demonstrated that 6-OAP inhibits the proliferation of human MM cells by inducing the arrest of mitosis and inhibiting specific key pathways ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • rTg4510 mice ("r" for regulatable) are produced by crossing the 4510 responder line, carrying a human MAPT P301L cDNA downstream of a tetracycline operon-responsive element (TRE), to an activator line expressing a tetracycline-controlled transactivator (tTA) under control of the CaMKIIα promoter. (alzforum.org)
  • DN caspase-9 (provided courtesy of Emad S. Alnmeri, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA) has been reported to inhibit the caspase cascade ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This caspase-cascade plays a central role in the induction and transduction of apoptotic signals, as well as in the regulation of immunity, cellular proliferation and differentiation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The maximum induction of adenylate kinase was ca. 3-fold greater than the respective controls in HepG2 and 6-10-fold in the case of primary hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Läkartidningen 50: 5756-5761 (2001)AbstractHuntingtons sjukdom är en av flera kända neurologiska sjukdomar som beror på en expanderad CAG-repetition. (lu.se)
  • This is because they are inflammatory caspases, which in concert with CASP1 , are involved in cytokine maturation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Silicosis and its progress influenced by genetic variation on TNF-alpha locus- 308, TNF-alpha and IL-10 cytokine on cement factory workers in Indonesia. (cdc.gov)
  • This Caspase-1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. (bd-ibr.org)
  • Nod1, an Apaf-1-like activator of caspase-9 and nuclear factor-κB. (nature.com)