AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Carbonic Anhydrase ICarbonic AnhydrasesCarbonic Anhydrase IVCarbonic Anhydrase IICarbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsCarbonic Anhydrase VBicarbonatesCarbon DioxideHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationAcetazolamideZincIsoenzymesAmino Acid SequenceMolecular Sequence DataSordarialesFruiting Bodies, FungalSulfonamidesSequence Homology, Amino AcidModels, Molecular
InhibitionIsozymes of carbonic anhydraseRenalAntibodyProteinEnzymeInhibitHydration of carbon dioxideAcetazolamideActivatorsIsoformInhibitors of humanProximalDeficiency syndromeCatalyzesCAIIMitochondrialZincPHARMACOLOGYSpeciesMolecularProton TransferIsoenzymesStructuresAutosomal recessiveProteinsMutationsSyndromeTumorLocalizationSodiumTissueColiTissuesEssentialDeterminationResiduesCrystalInhibitoryRolesOccursGenesErythrocytesAminoSamples
Inhibition3
  • Results of our study will make valuable contributions to carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies for further investigations since inhibitors of this enzyme are important molecules for medicinal chemistry. (ogu.edu.tr)
  • 2013) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • The nature of carbonic anhydrase inhibition by aromatic sulfonamides is briefly discussed, as it may relate to certain variables in the analytical method. (aspetjournals.org)
Isozymes of carbonic anhydrase2
  • The protein encoded by this gene is one of several isozymes of carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. (nih.gov)
  • CA2 is one of several (at least 7) isozymes of carbonic anhydrase. (thermofisher.com)
Renal7
  • Carbonic Anhydrase catalyzes the reversible reaction of CO 2 + H 2 O = HCO 3 - + H + , which is fundamental to many processes such as respiration, renal tubular acidification and bone resorption (1). (bio-techne.com)
  • Reversibly inhibits carbonic anhydrase, reducing hydrogen ion secretion at renal tubule and increasing renal excretion of sodium, potassium bicarbonate, and water to decrease production of aqueous humor. (medscape.com)
  • also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. (proteopedia.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome (osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and brain calcification): novel mutations in CA2 identified by direct sequencing expand the opportunity for genotype-phenotype correlation. (proteopedia.org)
  • Renal carbonic anhydrase allows the reabsorption of sodium ions in the proximal tubule. (assaygenie.com)
  • Human SLC4A1/AE1 mutations cause either the erythroid disorders spherocytic haemolytic anaemia or ovalocytosis, or distal renal tubular acidosis. (tcdb.org)
  • Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. (medscape.com)
Antibody4
  • The following product was used in this experiment: Carbonic Anhydrase II Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (ARC1451) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA5-38188, RRID AB_2898105. (thermofisher.com)
  • Samples were incubated with Carbonic Anhydrase II Monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-38188) using a dilution of 1:1,000, followed by HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at a dilution of 1:10,000. (thermofisher.com)
  • The antibody MAB8051 directed against osteoprotegerin detects carbonic anhydrase II: implications for association studies with human cancers. (bvsalud.org)
  • This antibody has been used for staining of 44 normal human tissue samples as well as human cancer samples covering the 20 most common cancer types and up to 12 patients for each cancer type. (atlasantibodies.com)
Protein7
  • Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes is a protein which is used as a standard pI (isoelectric point) marker for isoelectric focussing experiments. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Carbonic Anhydrase VA encoded by the CA5A gene is a mitochondrial protein (2, 3). (bio-techne.com)
  • However, here we show that the truncated protein identified by MAB8051 in cancer cell lines is carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), also implicated in tumour biology . (bvsalud.org)
  • For each protein, basic characteristics about its composition and length, its human relatives and relatedness to proteins in other species, and direct links to resources at NCBI are included. (cshlpress.com)
  • The entire text of the Guide is searchable, and tools are available for identifying human protein sequences using those from other species. (cshlpress.com)
  • Functionalization of the foldamers by a nanomolar ligand of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA) ensured that they would be held in close proximity to the protein surface. (proteopedia.org)
  • For -lactalbu- min, only water molecules conserved in the human and baboon structures are shown (the structure of the bovine protein has not been reported). (lu.se)
Enzyme7
  • Carbonic anhydrase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA12 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, a systematic approach to investigate the effect of an active-site-residue mutation on a model enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), is described. (iucr.org)
  • In this study, we describe the effect of a single amino-acid variation on a prototypical enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), by correlating its high-resolution reaction-intermediate structures with the measured kinetic parameters. (iucr.org)
  • All derivatives except for the methyl derivative (1b) exhibited effective inhibitory action at low micromolar concentrations on human isoforms, but only four derivatives (1e, 1f, 1h, 1i) inhibited the bovine enzyme. (ogu.edu.tr)
  • Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme found in many tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: binding of an antiglaucoma glycosyl-sulfanilamide derivative to human isoform II and its consequences for the drug design of enzyme inhibitors incorporating sugar moieties. (expasy.org)
  • It is a constituent of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. (medicregister.com)
Inhibit2
  • By slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport, may inhibit carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye. (medscape.com)
  • Metolazone does not inhibit carbonic anhydrase. (nih.gov)
Hydration of carbon dioxide5
Acetazolamide3
  • The X-ray crystal structure of human isoform II in adduct with an adamantyl analogue of acetazolamide resides in a less utilized binding pocket than most hydrophobic inhibitors. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg, acetazolamide) and loop diuretics (eg, furosemide) are thought to exert their effect on ICP by reducing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production at the choroid plexus. (medscape.com)
  • Acetazolamide (ACZ) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor prescribed for the treatment of various pathologies. (unicam.it)
Activators4
  • 3. Tanini D, Capperucci A, Supuran CT, Angeli A. (2019) Sulfur, selenium and tellurium containing amines act as effective carbonic anhydrase activators. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • 2006) Carbonic anhydrase activators. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • In the presence of carbonic anhydrase activators, comicrostimulation of cholinergic inputs from stratum oriens and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inputs from stratum pyramidale at low intensities switched the hyperpolarizing GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials to depolarizing responses. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Intralateral ventricular administration of these same carbonic anhydrase activators caused the rats to exhibit superior learning of the Morris water maze task, suggesting that the GABAergic synaptic switch is critical for gating the synaptic plasticity that underlies spatial memory formation. (aspetjournals.org)
Isoform1
  • Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of middle-aged vs. aged vastus lateralis reveals increased levels of carbonic anhydrase isoform 3 in senescent human skeletal muscle. (nih.gov)
Inhibitors of human1
  • A series of sulfenimide derivatives (1a-i) were investigated as inhibitors of human (hCA-I, hCA-II) and bovine (bCA) carbonic anhydrase enzymes. (ogu.edu.tr)
Proximal1
  • A proximal action of metolazone has been shown in humans by increased excretion of phosphate and magnesium ions and by a markedly increased fractional excretion of sodium in patients with severely compromised glomerular filtration. (nih.gov)
Deficiency syndrome3
  • A, p.W123X) linked to carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome in a Chinese family. (nih.gov)
  • Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome in a Belgian family is caused by a point mutation at an invariant histidine residue (107 His----Tyr): complete structure of the normal human CA II gene. (proteopedia.org)
  • Seven novel mutations in carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome identified by SSCP and direct sequencing analysis. (proteopedia.org)
Catalyzes2
  • It catalyzes a reversible reaction whereby carbon dioxide becomes hydrated and carbonic acid becomes dehydrated. (medscape.com)
  • Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes cyanamide hydration to urea: is it mimicking the physiological reaction? (proteopedia.org)
CAII1
  • Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII) supports tumor blood endothelial cell survival under lactic acidosis in the tumor microenvironment. (nih.gov)
Mitochondrial2
  • These compounds were very effective inhibitors (low nanomolar) of the human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase isozymes VA and VB. (edu.au)
  • Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases are potential targets for anti-obesity therapies, acting to reduce lipogenesis through a novel mechanism of action. (edu.au)
Zinc2
  • The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) are classified as metalloenzyme for its zinc ion prosthetic group and form a family of enzymes that catalyze the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons, a reversible reaction that takes part in maintaining acid-base balance in blood and other tissues. (assaygenie.com)
  • The zinc content of the adult human body ranges from 1.4 to 2.5 grams, with the highest concentrations in the bone, liver, kidney, pancreas and muscle tissue. (medicregister.com)
PHARMACOLOGY1
  • Increased carbonic anhydrase activity might, therefore, also enhance perception, processing, and storing of temporally associated relevant signals and represents an important therapeutic target in learning and memory pharmacology. (aspetjournals.org)
Species1
  • Additional links to NCBI resources are provided for human noncoding RNAs and repeated DNA elements and for proteins of interest from other species. (cshlpress.com)
Molecular3
Proton Transfer1
Isoenzymes2
  • Human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play essential roles in many pathological processes and several CA isoenzymes thus represent diagnostic and therapeutic targets. (imtm.cz)
  • We have developed selective CAIX inhibitors with anticancer properties based on carborane scaffold to the structure-assisted design of novel and original inhibitors targeting therapeutically relevant isoenzymes of human carbonic anhydrase. (imtm.cz)
Structures2
  • More than 100 distinct human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) 3D structures have been generated in last 3 decades [Liljas A, et al. (rcsb.org)
  • Fig. 1 Crystal structures of human -lactal- bumin (PDB file 1HML), lysozyme (2LZT) and ribonuclease A (7RSA) showing potentially long-lived internal water molecules, disul- fide bonds (yellow), and the Ca2+ ion (green) in -lactalbumin. (lu.se)
Autosomal recessive1
  • The Glu143Lys (E143K) loss-of-function variant of the CAXII gene is associated with a rare autosomal recessive condition named isolated hyperchlorhidrosis (carbonic anhydrase XII deficiency). (wikipedia.org)
Proteins5
  • In the online version, these sections contain links to more information about proteins encoded by over 17,000 known or predicted human genes. (cshlpress.com)
  • R&D Systems Human Cell Stress Array, Panel A (Catalog # ARY018 ) is a rapid, sensitive, and economical tool used to simultaneously detect the relative levels of 26 different cell stress-related proteins in a single sample. (rndsystems.com)
  • The carbonic anhydrasekl (CA) family consists of at least 11 enzymatically active members and a few inactive homologous proteins. (assaygenie.com)
  • In humans, the AE family (also called the SLC4 family) is composed of 10 paralogous members, among which are the proteins that perform Na + -independent Cl-HCO 3 - exchange (e.g. (tcdb.org)
  • Open up in another window Physique 1 Phylogenetic romantic relationship of BIIE 0246 supplier human being SLC26 polypeptides generated with Jalview (http://www.jalview.org) using NCBI proteins sequences listed in Desk 1. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Mutations1
  • Specific point mutations in human anion exchanger 1 (AE1) convert this electroneutral anion exchanger into a monovalent cation conductance. (tcdb.org)
Syndrome2
  • Anti-carbonic anhydrase III autoantibodies in vasculitis syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • HIV, severe focused on mammals because of the frequency and sever- acute respiratory syndrome) suggest that targeted surveil- ity of previously reported mammal-borne zoonoses and lance efforts should focus on activities that bring humans because of the frequent close association between humans and wildlife in close contact ( 1,3 ). (cdc.gov)
Tumor1
  • Role of carbonic anhydrase IX in human tumor cell growth, survival, and invasion. (ox.ac.uk)
Localization1
  • Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line A549 shows localization to nucleoplasm & vesicles. (atlasantibodies.com)
Sodium1
  • Carbonic anhydrase II has been shown to interact with Band 3 and Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 1. (assaygenie.com)
Tissue1
  • We show almost identical staining patterns between MAB8051 and CA II immunohistochemistry of different human tissue types and human tumour types using serial sections. (bvsalud.org)
Coli1
  • Clonal relationship between human and avian ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in North-Eastern Algeria. (cdc.gov)
Tissues1
  • As noted above, the AE or solute carrier 4 (SLC4) family includes 10 members (SLC4A1-5, SLC4A7-11), which are expressed in multiple tissues in the human body. (tcdb.org)
Essential1
  • CAH2_HUMAN Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
Determination1
Residues1
Crystal1
  • The STAS domain name shown may be the backbone framework of the human being pendrin STAS domain name encompassing aa 515C734 (excluding the intervening series (IVS) area of aa 566C653 between helix 1 and strand 3), as modeled with PyMOL through the X-ray crystal framework of rat SLC26A5/prestin (PDB Identification 3LLO). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Inhibitory1
  • Study of glycation process of human carbonic anhydrase II as well as investigation concerning inhibitory influence of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate on it. (nih.gov)
Roles2
  • Presenting the genes of the human genome in their biological context, Guide to the Human Genome is an extensive online resource (also available in print) that provides easy access to information about human genes and their roles in specific processes. (cshlpress.com)
  • and they play roles in human genetic diseases, with functional disorders causing diseases. (tcdb.org)
Occurs1
  • Carbon Dioxide Sensing by Immune Cells Occurs through Carbonic Anhydrase 2-Dependent Changes in Intracellular pH. (nih.gov)
Genes1
  • Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is a member of a multigene family (at least six separate genes are known) that encodes carbonic anhydrase isozymes. (nih.gov)
Erythrocytes1
  • Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes has been used as a pI (isoelectric point) marker in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Amino1
Samples1
  • ACZ was incubated with primary human hepatocytes to identify in vitro metabolites (10 µmol/l ACZ and 10⁶ cells/ml), and urine and plasma samples from patients receiving a single 5.0 mg/kg BW PO ACZ dose were analyzed to confirm the results in vivo. (unicam.it)