• A recent study by York University researchers suggests an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) technique they developed is considerably more effective than the human eye when it comes to predicting therapy outcomes in patients with brain metastases. (yorku.ca)
  • The researchers undermined both patient safety and the scientific validity of the research-rendering the Columbia's PET research invalid and unethical. (ahrp.org)
  • Researchers sometimes use cortical organoids-three-dimensional cultures of human stem cells that can mirror some of the developmental processes seen in typical brains-as a model for investigating how some aspects of the human brain develops and functions. (finchannel.com)
  • Researchers have been trying to overcome some of these limitations by transplanting individual human neurons into adult rodent brains. (finchannel.com)
  • In this study, the team of researchers advanced the use of brain organoids for research by transplanting an intact human cortical organoid into a developing rat brain. (finchannel.com)
  • The researchers used methods previously pioneered in the Pasca lab to create cortical organoids using human-induced pluripotent stem cells-cells derived from adult skin cells that have been reprogrammed into an immature stem-cell-like state. (finchannel.com)
  • The researchers did not detect any motor or memory abnormalities or abnormalities in brain activity in the rats that received the transplanted organoid. (finchannel.com)
  • To understand the extent to which the organoids could integrate into the rat somatosensory cortex, the researchers infected a cortical organoid with a viral tracer that spreads through brain cells as an indicator of functional connections. (finchannel.com)
  • After transplanting the marked organoid onto the rat's primary somatosensory cortex, researchers detected the viral tracer in multiple brain areas, such as the ventrobasal nucleus and the somatosensory cortex. (finchannel.com)
  • Moreover, the researchers were able to activate human neurons in the transplanted organoid to modulate the rat's reward-seeking behavior. (finchannel.com)
  • The fact that the transplanted organoids mirrored the structural and functional features of human cortical neurons led the researchers to wonder if they could use transplanted organoids to examine aspects of human disease processes. (finchannel.com)
  • Although variously defined, it is generally understood as an interactive process that engages social actors, researchers, and innovators who must be mutually responsive and work towards the ethical permissibility of the relevant research and its products. (philpapers.org)
  • To develop artificial intelligence systems that better mimic human learning, cognition and image recognition, researchers are imitating synapses in the lab with electronic components. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Critical to this study was the researchers' use of cortical organoids, a human-based cellular model system. (sfari.org)
  • Because cortical organoid development happens in a culture dish, the researchers were able to carefully look at what cellular changes were causing these differences in brain size - finding that the development of neurons from their pre-neuron progenitor stage to fully functioning neurons was altered, with deletion cultures making more neurons and duplication cultures less. (sfari.org)
  • If used for research purposes, all use of the product must be in compliance with appropriate human subjects' procedures as they exist within the researchers' institution and will be the researcher's obligation. (cognifit.com)
  • The findings - which could apply to other African and Asian primates known as Old World monkeys - suggest that human speech stems mainly from the unique evolution and construction of our brains, and is not linked to vocalization-related anatomical differences between humans and primates, the researchers reported Dec. 9 in the journal Science Advances. (princeton.edu)
  • Researchers have found that monkeys known as macaques possess the vocal anatomy (left) but not the brain circuitry to produce human speech. (princeton.edu)
  • The researchers note, however, that while a macaque would be understandable to the human ear, it would not sound precisely like a human. (princeton.edu)
  • Researchers at URMC have been pioneers in unlocking the secrets of astrocytes and demonstrating that they not only serve to support the neurons in the brain, but also communicate with neurons and each other. (rochester.edu)
  • University of Central Florida researchers are helping to close the gap separating human and machine minds. (ucf.edu)
  • For example, researchers at McLean Hospital are studying genetic and biological data collected from human subjects to see how they may relate to PTSD , anxiety, and similar conditions. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • Until neuroscientists figure out which part of the brain causes a condition, it is unlikely that researchers can find cures or develop preventative measures. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • Covering many different aspects of brain function, researchers in McLean's Jerry and Phyllis Rappaport Center of Excellence in Basic Neuroscience Research take unique approaches to better understand brain functioning and support the development of new treatments. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • Cells in a specific area of the brain thought to be important for inhibitory control appear biologically older in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD), suggesting that the cells may age faster when exposed to cocaine, researchers report. (medscape.com)
  • After correcting for differences in age, time since death, brain pH, and other conditions such as depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder, the researchers observed that cells in BA9 appeared biologically older in the men who had CUD. (medscape.com)
  • Thanks to technological advances in recent decades, more researchers like us have been able to dig deeper into the role of transposable elements in disease contexts and answer big questions about evolution and brain development. (lu.se)
  • Researchers at Lund University have discovered that a specific group of genetic elements in our DNA influence the development of the human brain, their study was published in Science Advances. (lu.se)
  • Researchers at Lund University offer new insights in their latest study, published in Science Advances, detailing how a specific group of genetic elements have influenced the development of the human brain over time. (lu.se)
  • In Lund, researchers are investigating these repetitive regions of our DNA to understand the role transposable elements play in human brain development and evolution. (lu.se)
  • To better understand how these repetitive genetic sequences influence brain development, researchers analyzed both fetal and adult brain tissue samples. (lu.se)
  • Here, we show that chromosome conformation capture, a widely used approach to study higher-order chromatin, is applicable to tissue collected postmortem, thereby informing about genome organization in the human brain. (nih.gov)
  • Human organoids are small, self-organized, three-dimensional (3D) tissue cultures that have started to revolutionize medical science in terms of understanding disease, testing pharmacologically active compounds, and offering novel ways to treat disease. (mdpi.com)
  • This technique creates a unit of human tissue that can be examined and manipulated. (finchannel.com)
  • Blood vessels from the rat brain successfully supported the implanted tissue, which grew over time. (finchannel.com)
  • Structurally and functionally, after seven to eight months of growth, the transplanted brain organoid resembled neurons from human brain tissue more than human organoids maintained in cell culture. (finchannel.com)
  • The purpose of the meeting is to assess the state of the science and consider neuroethical issues regarding research with human neural tissue, with the aim of informing how to support this type of research. (nih.gov)
  • Katrin Amunts for many years on a three dimensional model of the human brain that is based on thousands of microscopic tissue sections. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • Brain is the most important tissue in human speciation. (karger.com)
  • 0.52% variance explained) showed evidence of altering the expression of the KTN1 gene in both brain and blood tissue. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • You are talking about millions of magnetite particles per gram of freeze-dried brain tissue-it is extraordinary. (truthdig.com)
  • In this study, we have for the first time incorporated cells from the most devastating brain cancer (glioblastoma) from primary brain tumor tissue from our patients into the BS. (nature.com)
  • The scientists first isolated human glial progenitors - the cells in the central nervous system that give rise to astrocytes - from brain tissue. (rochester.edu)
  • We use a tissue culture system called cerebral organoids that we have developed in 2013 and that can recapitulate brain development at a remarkable level of detail (Lancaster et al. (europa.eu)
  • This mechanism affects the integrity of the tissue, and thus the brain size and was identified as one cause of microcephaly (Esk, Lindenhofer et al. (europa.eu)
  • In a novel study of postmortem brain tissue, "we detected a trend towards stronger biological aging of the brain in individuals with cocaine use disorder compared to individuals without cocaine use disorder," lead investigator Stephanie Witt, PhD, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany, said in a news release. (medscape.com)
  • Most evidence of cocaine-associated epigenetic changes derives from rodent studies, while only a few studies have been performed using human tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Witt and colleagues assessed epigenome-wide DNA methylation signatures of CUD in human postmortem brain tissue of Brodmann area 9 (BA9) in 42 deceased males. (medscape.com)
  • In this project, involving engineers from LTH, we apply advanced microfluidic techniques to culture hESCs under the influence of chemical gradients to mimic the environment around the developing brain in the fetus, thereby generating neural tissue with anatomical characteristics resembling the developing human brain. (lu.se)
  • This also allows us the unique opportunity to directly compare our hESC-derived dopamine neurons with those sourced from human fetal tissue both in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
  • A small Foundation with disproportionate impact on the landscape of brain science works feverishly to ignite research that will open new avenues to better understanding of brain health issues like autism, ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease) and Alzheimer's disease. (brainresearchlab.com)
  • If early research is correct and brain acuity can be lengthened by regular exercise, understanding the mechanism behind this may offer scientists, health professionals, and an aging population a partial reprieve from dementia and Alzheimer's. (brainresearchlab.com)
  • Officials say the goal of the Rutgers Center for Advanced Human Brain Imaging Research will make it possible to develop novel therapies for neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including addiction, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, autism, brain injury, stroke and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. (roi-nj.com)
  • The study , published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) , is particularly alarming because other research recently raised the strong possibility of a link between such particles and Alzheimer's disease. (truthdig.com)
  • Magnetite in the brain is not something you want to have because it is particularly toxic there," she added, explaining that the metal can create free radicals, which have been linked to Alzheimer's. (truthdig.com)
  • Abnormal accumulation of brain metals is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease and a recent study showed that magnetite was directly associated with the damage seen in Alzheimer's brains," the Guardian notes. (truthdig.com)
  • The brain is susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, dementias including Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the other extreme, we are dismissed by women's health advocates , who believe research has overlooked women's brains - and that neuroscientists should intensify our search for sex differences to better treat female-dominant disorders, such as depression and Alzheimer's disease . (neurosciencenews.com)
  • 1 Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. (nih.gov)
  • It allows organoids to get 'wired' in a more biologically relevant context and function in ways they can't do in a petri dish," said David Panchision, Ph.D., chief of the Developmental and Genomic Neuroscience Research Branch in the Division of Neuroscience and Basic Behavioral Science at NIMH. (finchannel.com)
  • Gary Aston-Jones, director of the Brain Health Institute, said it will build on Rutgers' existing strengths in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, affective and sensory neuroscience and cognitive science research. (roi-nj.com)
  • The study of the anatomy of the brain is neuroanatomy, while the study of its function is neuroscience. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neuroscience research has expanded considerably, and research is ongoing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Co-corresponding author Asif Ghazanfar , a Princeton University professor of psychology and the Princeton Neuroscience Institute , said that scientists across many disciplines have long debated if - and to what extent - differences between the human and primate vocal anatomy allow people to speak but not monkeys and apes. (princeton.edu)
  • Basic neuroscience research lays the foundation for treatments that can prevent or fix the many psychiatric and neurological diseases that affect the brain. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • McLean Hospital is a leading research institution for basic neuroscience studies. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • Neuroergonomics provides a multidisciplinary translational approach that merges elements of neuroscience, human factors, cognitive psychology, and ergonom ics to study brain structure and function in everyday environments. (cdc.gov)
  • Researcher Sergiu Pasca, M.D. (link is external) , and colleagues at Stanford University, Stanford, California, demonstrated that a cortical organoid cultured from human stem cells can be transplanted onto-and integrated into-the developing rat brain to study certain developmental and functional processes. (finchannel.com)
  • The findings suggest functional integration of the transplanted organoid into specific brain pathways. (finchannel.com)
  • His research focus is the analysis of the molecular foundation of signal transmission in the various structural and functional organizational units of the human brain, and in the brains of transgenic animals, that serve as models of mental and neurological diseases. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • Afterwards, the differing expression - that is the individual distribution profile for brain regions of more than 20 different receptors for signal transfer molecules - is transferred into the functional and structural correlation. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • Second language experience modulates functional brain network for the native language production in bimodal bilinguals. (crossref.org)
  • Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging, and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings are important in studying the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the phylogenetical proximity between those species, comparative research on brain specialization between a non-linguistic gestural system (i.e. in monkeys) versus a linguistic gestural systems in humans (i.e. sign language in deaf) might help evaluating the gestural continuities with language lateralization in term of manual asymmetries, structural and functional lateralization of the brain. (europa.eu)
  • A second objective is to explore the functional brain lateralization of gestures production in baboons (versus manipulation) using non-invasive wireless Infrared Spectroscopy in 8 trained subjects within interactions with humans. (europa.eu)
  • We believe that this is the first demonstration that human glia have unique functional advantages. (rochester.edu)
  • Our advanced cognitive processing capabilities exist not only because of the size and complexity of our neural networks, but also because of the increase in functional capabilities and coordination afforded by human glia. (rochester.edu)
  • The team then set out to examine the functional impact that these cells had on the animals' brains, specifically the speed and retention of signals between cells in the brain and its plasticity - the ability of the brain to form new memories and learn new tasks. (rochester.edu)
  • This presentation argues that many currently popular strategies for analyzing BOLD functional imaging data should be replaced by methods that respect the fine structure of the human brain. (mpg.de)
  • The motivations for spatial smoothing are these: a) to increase SNR by averaging over adjacent voxels, b) to allow statistical inference of significance using the theory of Gaussian Random Fields, and c) to enable averaging of functional imaging data across groups of subjects, after each subject's brain images have been suitably normalized into a standard template brain volume. (mpg.de)
  • Current progress in 7T MRI of human brain provide structural images with intracortical detail at 0.3 mm isotropic resolution, functional images with 0.65 mm isotropic resolution, and connectivity tractograms with 0.8 mm isotropic resolution. (mpg.de)
  • Our research addresses the functional significance of scale-free and scale-specific brain dynamics in human sensory perception, cognitive performance, and motor output. (helsinki.fi)
  • Assessing the functional roles of brain criticality and connectivity in human cognition by using MEG/EEG and SEEG based connectomes of neuronal couplings and "dynomes" of spatio-temporal dynamics. (helsinki.fi)
  • Bremner JD, Elzinga B, Schmahl C, & Vermetten E. Structural and functional plasticity of the human brain in posttraumatic stress disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Chemically-induced alterations in sexual and functional development: The wildlife/human connection. (cdc.gov)
  • CUD is characterized by a loss of control over cocaine use and is associated with structural, functional, and molecular alterations in the human brain. (medscape.com)
  • As DNA methylation is an important regulatory mechanism for gene expression, the identified DNA methylation alterations might contribute to functional changes in the human brain and thereby to the associated behavioral aspects of addiction," first author Eric Poisel, a PhD student at the Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim, said in the release. (medscape.com)
  • However, whether the grafted neurons receive functional synaptic inputs from the recipient's brain and integrate into host neural circuitry is unknown. (lu.se)
  • We have shown that human fibroblasts can be directly converted into functional and subtype-specific neurons using defined sets of transcription factors. (lu.se)
  • This study provided important proof-of-principle that direct neural conversion of endogenous glia can take place in the adult rodent brain. (lu.se)
  • We introduce chromosome conformation capture protocols for brain and compare higher-order chromatin structures at the chromosome 6p22.2-22.1 schizophrenia and bipolar disorder susceptibility locus, and additional neurodevelopmental risk genes, (DPP10, MCPH1) in adult prefrontal cortex and various cell culture systems, including neurons derived from reprogrammed skin cells. (nih.gov)
  • The knowledge gained contributes to better understanding the processes in a healthy and sick brain - such as in Parkinson's, dimentia, or schizophrenia. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • Here, we used the Df1 /+ mouse model of 22q11.2DS to investigate the relationship between hearing loss and susceptibility to schizophrenia-relevant brain and behavioral abnormalities. (biorxiv.org)
  • These results reveal bottom-up neurobiological mechanisms through which peripheral hearing loss arising from the 22q11.2 deletion may promote the emergence of schizophrenia-relevant auditory brain and behavioral abnormalities, and also suggest a link between conductive hearing loss and reduced PV+ interneuron density in the auditory cortex. (biorxiv.org)
  • Deletion of chromosomal locus 22q11.2 is associated with both schizophrenia and hearing loss in humans. (biorxiv.org)
  • In the Df1 /+ mouse model of human 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, we find that hearing loss shapes measures that are considered schizophrenia-relevant endophenotypes, such as central auditory gain and auditory sensorimotor gating. (biorxiv.org)
  • These results suggest mechanisms through which hearing loss associated with the 22q11.2 deletion may promote emergence of schizophrenia-relevant auditory brain and behavioral abnormalities and indicate that conductive hearing loss may influence PV+ interneuron density in the auditory cortex. (biorxiv.org)
  • Psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2. Identifying the roles of dysconnectivity and dysdynamics in mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, ADHD and schizophrenia, with the major depressive disorder being our main research focus. (helsinki.fi)
  • Their work also helps us understand how the brain works when disorders like schizophrenia , depression , and addiction are present. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • This is achieved by growing human cortical organoids in culture and inserting them into developing rodent brains to see how they integrate and function over time. (finchannel.com)
  • While these transplanted neurons connect with rodent brain cells, they do not become fully integrated due to the developmental limitations of the adult rat brain. (finchannel.com)
  • Others are conducting tests on the neurobiological mechanisms of rodent brains to determine possible differences in drug addiction between men and women. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • Less than 1.5% of the human genome encodes protein. (nih.gov)
  • However, vast portions of the human genome are subject to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and many noncoding regulatory DNA elements are thought to regulate the spatial organization of interphase chromosomes. (nih.gov)
  • We predict that the exploration of three-dimensional genome architectures and function will open up new frontiers in human brain research and psychiatric genetics and provide novel insights into the epigenetic risk architectures of regulatory noncoding DNA. (nih.gov)
  • To investigate how common genetic variants affect the structure of these brain regions, here we conduct genome-wide association studies of the volumes of seven subcortical regions and the intracranial volume derived from magnetic resonance images of 30,717 individuals from 50 cohorts. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • Patricia Gerdes, a postdoctoral researcher specializing in transposable elements and their impact on the human genome, has been awarded a postdoctoral fellowship from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) program. (lu.se)
  • The challenge has been to determine what these elements do and how they affect human tissues, given their abundant and repetitive presence in the human genome. (lu.se)
  • Human brain organoids are used for understanding pathogenesis and investigating therapeutic options for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological disorders. (mdpi.com)
  • However, cortical organoids lack the connectivity seen in typical human brains, limiting their usefulness for understanding complex brain processes. (finchannel.com)
  • They then implanted these organoids onto the rat primary somatosensory cortex, a part of the brain involved in processing sensation. (finchannel.com)
  • Iakoucheva, Muotri and colleagues created cortical organoids using skin cells from people with both 16p11.2 deletions and 16p11.2 duplications who participate in SFARI's Simons Searchlight - first converting these skin cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and then reprogramming them to become brain cells. (sfari.org)
  • The study found that cortical organoids developed from people with deletions in 16p11.2 were larger, similar to the larger brain size seen in these people. (sfari.org)
  • Cortical organoids model early brain development disrupted by 16p11.2 copy number variants in autism. (sfari.org)
  • 2013). Our goal is to recapitulate various human diseases in those organoids and to develop methodology for large-scale parallel analysis of genes that could potentially be responsible for those diseases. (europa.eu)
  • Finally, we developed a novel cerebral organoid technology that enables the introduction of a cortical patterning axis in human brain organoids (Bosone, et al. (europa.eu)
  • Martin Hebart from the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences has been awarded one of the coveted 1.5 million euro grants from the European Research Council. (mpg.de)
  • At the Max Planck Institute's Children's Laboratory (Child Lab), for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, we investigate the way children understand and interpret themselves and others. (mpg.de)
  • This study indicates that glia are not only essential to neural transmission, but also suggest that the development of human cognition may reflect the evolution of human-specific glial form and function," said University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) neurologist Steven Goldman, M.D., Ph.D., co-senior author of the study. (rochester.edu)
  • But human cognition is far more than just processing data, it is also comprised of the coordination of emotion with memory that informs our higher abilities to abstract and learn. (rochester.edu)
  • Processing demands upon cognitive, linguistic, and articulatory functions promote grey matter plasticity in the adult multilingual brain: Insights from simultaneous interpreters. (crossref.org)
  • Structural plasticity in the expert phonetician brain. (crossref.org)
  • Brain plasticity refers to the capacity of the nervous system to change its structure and its function over a lifetime, in reaction to environmental diversity. (cognifit.com)
  • The findings from this work provide valuable insights into potential molecular and cellular deficits that contribute to the changes in brain size seen in individuals with 16p11.2 deletions and duplications. (sfari.org)
  • and Research Center for Medical accessible for molecular verifi cation. (cdc.gov)
  • The outcomes of such research would have significant implications across multiple fields such as, but not limited to, planning, robotics, advanced automation, brain-machine interfaces, and drug discovery, giving Australia a significant strategic advantage. (zerohedge.com)
  • The implications of the similarity regarding that both brain and testis contributed to human speciation are discussed. (karger.com)
  • Bonding Brains to Machines: Ethical Implications of Electroceuticals for the Human Brain. (philpapers.org)
  • The traditional beliefs and values in China are described with particular reference to medicine, and the implications for bioethics and research ethics within the country are considered. (who.int)
  • Les croyances et valeurs traditionnelles en Chine sont décrites, notamment en ce qui concerne la médecine, et les implications pour la bioéthique et l'éthique de la recherche dans le pays sont examinées. (who.int)
  • The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • Identification of these genetic variants provides insight into the causes of variability in human brain development, and may help to determine mechanisms of neuropsychiatric dysfunction. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • Importantly, the use of human-derived culture systems means such findings are being examined in the context of relevant human genetic backgrounds. (sfari.org)
  • We developed a genetic loss-of-function screening (CRISPR-LICHT) using the cerebral organoid model which allows us to screen for genes with suspected involvement in a specific human brain disorder. (europa.eu)
  • In our lab, we are interested in studying the relationship between evolution and human disease, exploring everything from early brain development, including the evolution of the human brain itself, to the consequences of inflammatory states and different genetic disorders. (lu.se)
  • Johan Jakobsson, a professor at Lund University and research group leader at Lund Stem Cell Center, explains, "LINE-1 retrotransposons are a rich source of genetic sequences that we suspect have shaped the evolution of the human brain, and we now have the tools to explore their role in brain development. (lu.se)
  • Creating this bioinformatics pipeline has helped to make sense of the data collected as a whole, giving new insights into the human brain," explains Raquel. (lu.se)
  • This work involves analysis of fetal brain anatomy, and identification of key genes and noncoding RNAs controlling the compartmentalisation of the brain. (lu.se)
  • As a member of the European clinical trial TRANSEURO we also perform preclinical validation of human fetal dopamine neurons for clinical use. (lu.se)
  • Human adults and human infants show a perceptual magnet effect for the prototypes of speech categories, monkeys do not. (crossref.org)
  • Monkeys known as macaques possess the vocal anatomy to produce "clearly intelligible" human speech but lack the brain circuitry to do so, according to new research. (princeton.edu)
  • Now nobody can say that it's something about the vocal anatomy that keeps monkeys from being able to speak - it has to be something in the brain. (princeton.edu)
  • Previous examinations of primate vocal anatomy conducted on cadavers had concluded that monkeys and apes have a very limited range of sounds they could produce relative to humans. (princeton.edu)
  • Considering the strong language/gesture links in humans and the continuities between the gestural system in apes and monkeys and some language properties, we recently suggested the hypothesis of a continuity between language lateralization and asymmetry of communicative gestures in both human and nonhuman primates. (europa.eu)
  • Since the dawn of MRI , neuroscientists have worked ceaselessly to find differences between men's and women's brains. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Neuroscientists have long held out hope that bigger studies and better methods would finally uncover the "real" or species-wide sex differences in the brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Through laboratory experiments, observations and testing, and the development of computer models, neuroscientists examine the fundamental mechanisms of the brain, allowing us to see how the brain functions when healthy. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • With this in mind, basic neuroscientists focus on gaining deeper insight into the functions of different parts of the brain, what those parts control, and what can go wrong to produce a mental illness. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • Raquel Garza Gómez defends her Ph.D. thesis "Transposable elements in the healthy and diseased human brain ' on Friday, January 19th. (lu.se)
  • With a background in computational biology, Raquel's research focuses on studying the role of transposable elements in the human brain. (lu.se)
  • My research questions have explored different aspects of transposable elements, including their transcription and epigenetic regulation. (lu.se)
  • This is important for the understanding of human brain evolution as well as diseases with complex networks where transposable elements may play a regulatory role. (lu.se)
  • During my Ph.D., my research has primarily focused on studying transposable elements in the human brain in various contexts such as development, healthy adulthood, and certain disease contexts. (lu.se)
  • Evoked responses and ongoing oscillations represent two major electrophysiological phenomena in the human brain yet the link between them remains rather obscure. (researchgate.net)
  • Our laboratory previously reported a reproducible iPSC human-derived 3D organotypic culture, BrainSpheres (BS), that displays several characteristics of the central nervous system (CNS): BS are composed of different neuronal phenotypes, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and have shown myelin axonal wrapping and spontaneous electrophysiological activity 18 . (nature.com)
  • We have developed methods for MEG/EEG source reconstruction, optimized cortical parcellations, and quantification of neuronal/behavioral scaling-laws as well as for the mapping of dynamic neuronal interaction networks from invasive and non-invasive electrophysiological recordings of human brain activity. (helsinki.fi)
  • His research uses a combination of MRI and positron emission tomography imaging to examine the links between individual differences in brain structure and function and the risk for, and expression of, psychopathology. (roi-nj.com)
  • The findings suggest that human speech stems mainly from the unique evolution and construction of our brains, and is not linked to vocalization-related anatomical differences between humans and primates. (princeton.edu)
  • But as a neuroscientist long experienced in the field , I recently completed a painstaking analysis of 30 years of research on human brain sex differences . (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Except for the simple difference in size, there are no meaningful differences between men's and women's brain structure or activity that hold up across diverse populations. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Nor do any of the alleged brain differences actually explain the familiar but modest differences in personality and abilities between men and women. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • When overall size is properly controlled, no individual brain region varies by more than about 1% between men and women, and even these tiny differences are not found consistently across geographically or ethnically diverse populations . (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Other highly touted brain sex differences are also a product of size, not sex. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • But there's no denying the decades of actual data, which show that brain sex differences are tiny and swamped by the much greater variance in individuals' brain measures across the population. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • What's more, recent research has utterly rejected the idea that the tiny difference in connectivity between left and right hemispheres actually explains any behavioral difference between men and women. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Behavioral and brain sciences , 43 , E41. (lu.se)
  • Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 34(1), 28- 29. (lu.se)
  • In a study featured as the cover article appearing today in the journal Science Advances , a UCF research team showed that by combining two promising nanomaterials into a new superstructure, they could create a nanoscale device that mimics the neural pathways of brain cells used for human vision. (ucf.edu)
  • Our lab has a long-standing interest in studying the pathways controlling regionalisation and specification of the human developing brain. (lu.se)
  • Transplanted neurons derived from stem cells have been proposed to improve function in animal models of human disease by various mechanisms such as neuronal replacement. (lu.se)
  • Here we studied the synaptic inputs from the host brain to grafted cortical neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells after transplantation into stroke-injured rat cerebral cortex. (lu.se)
  • In line with this aim, we also perform extensive preclinical validation of the human dopamine neurons derived from our protocol in rat models of Parkinson's disease. (lu.se)
  • The development of new primary human cell culture technologies such as 3D culture, microfluidics and microfabrication in combination with human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived models promise to generate more relevant human physiological systems for drug testing 11 . (nature.com)
  • The study, out today in the journal Cell Stem Cell , suggests that the evolution of a subset of glia called astrocytes - which are larger and more complex in humans than other species - may have been one of the key events that led to the higher cognitive functions that distinguish us from other species. (rochester.edu)
  • The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that the host brain regulates the activity of grafted neurons, providing strong evidence that transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons can become incorporated into injured cortical circuitry. (lu.se)
  • Through the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we can mimic brain development towards different regions of the human brain, and thereby investigate the effect of novel genes on neural differentiation. (lu.se)
  • However, with a growing number of novel cell sources (stem cells and reprogrammed cells) it becomes important to develop new methodologies for a more thorough assessment of human neurons generated using these approaches. (lu.se)
  • Scientists have developed a research method that allows for a much more detailed examination of the brain processes involved in some neurological and mental disorders. (finchannel.com)
  • Every second, the brain processes hundreds of billions of bits of information. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • How well your brain processes information. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This could be caused by cocaine-related disease processes in the brain, such as inflammation or cell death," Witt added. (medscape.com)
  • A picture of a human brain taken by a positron emission tomography. (gettyimages.com)
  • A picture of a human brain taken by a positron emission tomography scanner, also called PET scan, is seen on a screen on January 9, 2019, at the Regional and University Hospital Center of Brest (CRHU - Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Brest), western France. (gettyimages.com)
  • Abundant" quantities of magnetite and other nanoparticles deemed toxic were found in the brains of people from Mexico City and Manchester, U.K. (truthdig.com)
  • Toxic magnetic nanoparticles from air pollution have been discovered in "abundant" quantities in human brains, according to a new study. (truthdig.com)
  • Astrocytes are far more abundant, larger, and diverse in the human brain compared to other species. (rochester.edu)
  • theBRF.org) "Of particular significance is that research findings in one area are valuable by themselves, but potentially help many other areas of brain research as well. (brainresearchlab.com)
  • When compared to current research of multi-class emotion identification, the experimental findings demonstrated that the suggested technique is extremely competitive. (researchsquare.com)
  • Information presented and gathered at this meeting will support the development of future plans for the NIH BRAIN Initiative, set to continue until 2025. (nih.gov)
  • This honor is given to individuals if they have provided outstanding services for the development of JARA, the Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, after they have left active employment and service. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • One of the greatest challenges facing artificial intelligence development is understanding the human brain and figuring out how to mimic it. (rdworldonline.com)
  • R&D World Enewsletters get you caught up on all the mission critical news you need in research and development. (rdworldonline.com)
  • The CIA already acquired the basic technological foundation to manipulate the human brain electromagnetically in the 1970s, which has progressed to the critical level from then to now, considering the tremendous technological development of the overall society. (ssrn.com)
  • Because this work shows that macaques express nearly the same range of physical movements as humans during vocalization, primates could be used as models for understanding early human speech development and human speech evolution, Ghazanfar said. (princeton.edu)
  • Although similar events in animal models are known to occur in areas of immature cortex and drive their development, their origin in humans has not yet been identified. (elifesciences.org)
  • A last innovative objective is to investigate, through the first non-invasive longitudinal MRI study conducted from birth to sexual maturity in primates, the development and heritability of brain structural asymmetries and their correlates with gesture asymmetries in 30 baboons. (europa.eu)
  • As these cells occur at a higher frequency in fetus and children, it further puts them at risk, leading to effects on brain development. (news-medical.net)
  • Currently, essentially all we know about human brain development is deduced from animal experiments. (europa.eu)
  • 2022). We expect to apply our knowledge on human-specific principles in brain development and pathology to other known diseases for which no therapies exist to-date. (europa.eu)
  • The Development of the Human Blood-CSF-Brain Barrier. (cdc.gov)
  • We also work on more sophisticated 3D culturing methods to model human brain development on an anatomical level with hESCs. (lu.se)
  • Her research aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of these elements on brain development, both in healthy and diseased contexts. (lu.se)
  • These elements are suspected to have played a key role in shaping the development of the human brain. (lu.se)
  • The human nervous system is made up of over 100 trillion synapses, structures that allow neurons to pass electrical and chemical signals to one another. (rdworldonline.com)
  • In humans, individual astrocytes project scores of fibers that can simultaneously connect with large numbers of neurons, and in particular their synapses, the points of communication where two adjoining neurons meet. (rochester.edu)
  • As a result, individual human astrocytes can potentially coordinate the activity of thousands of synapses, far more than in mice. (rochester.edu)
  • The optoelectronic synapses we developed are highly relevant for brain-inspired, neuromorphic computing. (ucf.edu)
  • It is well known that the human brain has ~1011 neurons, ~1011 astrocytes, and ~1014 synapses. (mpg.de)
  • The human brain is an incredibly intricate organ that regulates everything from our motor skills to our memories. (lu.se)
  • A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)
  • We show how the type of conceptual analysis provided by philosophically oriented approaches theoretically and ethically broadens research and innovation within the HBP. (philpapers.org)
  • We are also performing simulations of brain dynamics and utilize several lines of interventional approaches, from electric and magnetic brain stimulation to cognitive training. (helsinki.fi)
  • The creation of effective approaches to treating these diseases would be impossible without detailed understanding of the complex systems underlying normal brain function and what goes wrong when the brain is not working as it should. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • this dissociation is stronger for strings compared to single items, thus showing that combinatorial mechanisms for numbers and letters could be categorically distinguished and influence early brain activity. (essex.ac.uk)
  • To date, however, epigenetic studies in the human brain are mostly limited to the exploration of DNA methylation and posttranslational modifications of the nucleosome core histones. (nih.gov)
  • Example of a transplanted human cortical organoid (t-hCO) in the rat cortex. (finchannel.com)
  • 2017). In addition, we could reconstruct even long-range interactions between distant parts of the human brain in the organoid system (Bagley et al. (europa.eu)
  • And those are just two of dozens of maladies and issues caused by the mysterious inner workings of the brain and nervous system. (brainresearchlab.com)
  • Glial cells - a family of cells found in the human central nervous system and, until recently, considered mere "housekeepers" - now appear to be essential to the unique complexity of the human brain. (rochester.edu)
  • There are letters disclosed under the STARGATE declassification, which indicated that the CIA had covert programs to manipulate the brain function interacted with the external electromagnetic stimuli, which is still hidden to the public eyes. (ssrn.com)
  • It is more or less the fact that the brain is synchronized to the external electromagnetic stimuli and the issue was to what extent the intelligence community has developed these methodologies. (ssrn.com)
  • Electroencephalographic recordings from the developing human brain are characterized by spontaneous neuronal bursts, the most common of which is the delta brush. (elifesciences.org)
  • This is not the first time that Columbia's medical research-in particular, its psychiatric research-has been found in violation of federally mandated research safeguards. (ahrp.org)
  • Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences announced Wednesday it has opened a new brain imaging research center in an effort to improve the diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric disorders and to help personalize and monitor treatments. (roi-nj.com)
  • This is a sophisticated and comprehensive analysis of MRIs to find features and patterns that are not usually captured by the human eye," says York Research Chair Ali Sadeghi-Naini , associate professor of biomedical engineering and computer science in the Lassonde School of Engineering , and lead on the study. (yorku.ca)
  • Australia's Office of National Intelligence, the equivalent of the US Director of National Intelligence, is funding a project to study ways of merging human brain cells with artificial intelligence . (zerohedge.com)
  • Meanwhile, Elon Musk's Neuralink has had FDA approval to study brain implants in humans since May. (zerohedge.com)
  • This work provides a significant advance in the ability of scientists to study the cellular and circuit underpinnings of complex human brain disorders. (finchannel.com)
  • In this research study, the focus of the novel approach is on developing a classification strategy for working on more emotion types. (researchsquare.com)
  • This latest study "suggests that most magnetite found in the human brain, a magnetic iron oxide compound, comes from industrial air pollution. (truthdig.com)
  • Numerous techniques are used to study the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • A recent study reviewed evidence from 23 controlled scientific studies which investigated the health effects of WiFi on animals, human cell lines, and humans to determine once and for all, whether WiFi has a detrimental effect on human health. (news-medical.net)
  • My colleagues and I titled our study "Dump the Dimorphism" to debunk the idea that human brains are "sexually dimorphic. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • 1997. Dietary characterizations in a study of human exposures in the lower Rio Grande Valley: I. Foods and beverages. (cdc.gov)
  • Funding for the study was provided in part by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the Hetzler Foundation for Addiction Research, and the German Research Foundation. (medscape.com)
  • Sound categories are represented as distributed patterns in the human auditory cortex. (crossref.org)
  • This direct measure of neural and hemodynamic activity shows that the insula, one of the most densely connected hubs in the developing cortex, is a major source of the transient bursting events that are critical for brain maturation. (elifesciences.org)
  • In cadaver brain, the cortex can be parcellated into more than 50 areas of recognizably different cyto and myeloarchitecture. (mpg.de)
  • Cortex is always less than 4 mm thick, and many cortical areas have sharp boundaries: brain activity is generally not smooth. (mpg.de)
  • The existence of a human-like vocal tract in an old species such as the macaque suggests that more recently evolved species such as chimpanzees - which are closely related to humans - very likely have one as well, Santos said. (princeton.edu)
  • If a species as old as a macaque has a vocal tract capable of speech, then we really need to find the reason that this didn't translate for later primates into the kind of speech sounds that humans produce," she said. (princeton.edu)
  • Many species of cases/1,000 populaAtion under arid climatic conditions the genus Fonsecaea cause human chromoblastomycosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Species were identifi ed on the basis of source of infection by entities emerging on the human internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial cell division cycle host is essential for understanding the evolution of ( CDC42 ), -tubulin ( BT2 ), and ACT sequences ( 10-14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Using the rabies virus-based trans-synaptic tracing method and immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrate that the grafted neurons receive direct synaptic inputs from neurons in different host brain areas located in a pattern similar to that of neurons projecting to the corresponding endogenous cortical neurons in the intact brain. (lu.se)
  • The medical history of people with brain injury has provided insight into the function of each part of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • In recent years scientists have begun to understand and appreciate the role that glia cells - and more specifically astrocytes - play in brain function. (rochester.edu)
  • As the same time, we've observed that as these cells have evolved in complexity, size, and diversity - as they have in humans - brain function becomes more and more complex. (rochester.edu)
  • Earlier research created a camera which captured the image and sent it to a server to be recognized, but our group created a single device that mimics the eye and the brain function together," she said. (ucf.edu)
  • The key step in such conventional analyses of brain function, which has led to these strange assumptions, is spatial smoothing. (mpg.de)
  • Concussion tests are used after a head injury to see if the injury is affecting brain function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The purpose of baseline testing is to have a record of the athlete's normal brain function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Thus we have recently established a number of new technologies to reveal how transplants function and integrate with the host brain. (lu.se)
  • Df1 /+ mice have a multi-gene deletion analogous to the chromosomal microdeletion that causes human 22q11.2DS, and like human 22q11.2DS patients exhibit high rates of hearing loss arising primarily from susceptibility to middle ear inflammation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Scientists reached this conclusion after demonstrating that when transplanted into mice, these human cells could influence communication within the brain, allowing the animals to learn more rapidly. (rochester.edu)
  • In this image of the brain of the transplanted mice, the human astrocytes appear in green. (rochester.edu)
  • This in turn suggested that, when transplanted into mice, human glia may influence underlying patterns of neural activity. (rochester.edu)
  • The research team decided to determine if human glial cells might provide the human brain with unique capabilities by seeing what happened when these cells were allowed to co-exist with the normal nerve cells of mice. (rochester.edu)
  • They then transplanted these cells into the brains of neonatal mice. (rochester.edu)
  • As the mice matured, the human glial cells outcompeted the host's native glial cells, while at the same time leaving the existing neural network intact. (rochester.edu)
  • The human glia cells essentially took over to the point where virtually all of the glial progenitor cells and a large proportion of the astrocytes in the mice were of human origin, and essentially developed and behaved as they would have in a person's brain," said Goldman. (rochester.edu)
  • When the impact of pulsed electromagnetic frequency was observed in the brains of mice, it was found that exposure for 1-2 months was relatively modest and that the changes were reversible after removing the trigger. (news-medical.net)
  • Dr. Surat graduated with a Ph.D. in Cell Biology and Mechanobiology from the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (Mumbai, India) in 2016. (news-medical.net)
  • Determining the large scale anatomy of gene expression patterns of various human tissues could draw a more convincing conclusion, and better our understanding of the correlation/inter-correlation among different tissues. (karger.com)
  • Among the 17 tissues, the highest similarity in gene expression patterns was between human brain and testis, based on DDD and clustering analysis. (karger.com)
  • Bortoluzzi S, Alessi FD, Romualdi C, Danieli GA: Differential expression of genes coding for ribosomal proteins in different human tissues. (karger.com)
  • Typically, people with 16p11.2 deletions have increased head and brain size (macrocephaly), whereas those with 16p11.2 duplications have decreased head and brain size (microcephaly). (sfari.org)
  • Not only were we able to identify microcephaly genes with this method, but we also pinpointed a specific mechanism involved in controlling the size of the brain. (europa.eu)
  • Congenital Zika syndrome is a recently recognized pattern of congenital anomalies associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy that includes microcephaly, intracranial calcifications or other brain anomalies, or eye anomalies, among others ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Since August 2007, Zilles has intensified his collaboration with the Aachen University Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics within the framework of the newly founded brain research association JARA-BRAIN. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • Thomas led the research in collaboration with Tania Roy, an assistant professor in UCF's NanoScience Technology Center, and others at UCF's NanoScience Technology Center and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. (ucf.edu)
  • This expansion makes Brain Research Foundation grants accessible to scientists and institutions in important research centers that include the Northeast, West Coast, North Carolina, the Foundation's historical base of the Midwest and others. (brainresearchlab.com)
  • This is mainly because as scientists learn more about the brain, the more we realize how important it is to keep our brains in shape, just like we work to keep our bodies in shape. (cognifit.com)
  • Neuromorphic computing is a long-standing goal of scientists in which computers can simultaneously process and store information, like the human brain does, for example, to allow vision. (ucf.edu)
  • Without studies into the complex mysteries of how the brain works, scientists couldn't develop effective medications or therapies that target specific areas in the brain to help individuals with mental health diagnoses. (mcleanhospital.org)
  • Dr. Stroud has both veterinary and basic research backgrounds holding both a DVM and a PhD in basic endocrine physiology with professional experiences in industry, academic research and training, private veterinary practice, and One Health leadership. (cdc.gov)
  • Spontaneous brain activity fluctuates in time scales spanning at least across five orders of magnitude. (helsinki.fi)
  • And if that is true, it could mean that studying the chimpanzee brain could help reveal the neural networks that allow humans to speak while their evolutionary cousins cannot. (princeton.edu)
  • I have always found the concept that the human brain is more capable because we have more complex neural networks to be a little too simple, because if you put the entire neural network and all of its activity together all you just end up with a super computer," said Nedergaard. (rochester.edu)
  • According to Razi, the tech could allow a machine intelligence to 'learn throughout its lifetime' like human brain cells , allowing it to learn new skills without losing old ones, as well as applying existing knowledge to new tasks. (zerohedge.com)
  • Razi and his colleagues are aiming to grow brain cells in a lab dish called the DishBrain system to investigate this process of 'continual lifelong learning. (zerohedge.com)
  • The cells of the brain include neurons and supportive glial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are more than 86 billion neurons in the brain, and a more or less equal number of other cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • A high throughput histology (microTMA) platform was applied for testing drugs against tumors in a novel 3D heterotypic glioblastoma brain sphere (gBS) model consisting of glioblastoma tumor cells, iPSC-derived neurons, glial cells and astrocytes grown in a spheroid. (nature.com)
  • This is similar to humans' vision-related brain cells. (ucf.edu)
  • Since our device mimics vision-related brain cells, facial recognition is one of the most important tests for our neuromorphic building block. (ucf.edu)
  • Subsequent studies showed activation of calcium channels in response to pulsed electromagnetic frequencies in plants, animals, and human cells. (news-medical.net)
  • And it can stretch and damage brain cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We utilise monosynaptic tracing technology, using pseudotyped rabies vectors, in order to visualise the synaptic contacts formed between host neurons and graft human cells. (lu.se)