Human astrocytes astrocytes. Medical search. Frequent questions

The researchers recorded the activity of neurons and astrocytes in the behaving mice brain during social dominance behavior using two different methods known as fiber photometry and two-photon microscopy. (medicalxpress.com)
Systematic Three-Dimensional Coculture Rapidly Recapitulates Interactions between Human Neurons and Astrocytes. (cornell.edu)
EtOH may also have a direct effect on glucose uptake in neurons and astrocytes, which has not been previously described. (njit.edu)
PON2 has potent antioxidant properties and is found at 3- to 4-fold higher levels in females than males, providing increased protection against oxidative stress, as observed in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes from female mice compared with male mice. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, a plausible regenerative therapeutic option is to coax the endogenous reactive astrocytes to a pre-neurogenic progenitor state and use them as an endogenous reservoir for repair. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, finding out molecular mechanisms by which reactive astrocytes can be coaxed into neurons will be of utmost importance for regenerative therapies as these astrocytes are the imminent cell types around the lesion site. (frontiersin.org)
Expression of SOX9 did not decrease during aging and was instead upregulated by reactive astrocytes in a number of settings, including a murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SOD1G93A), middle cerebral artery occlusion, and multiple mini-strokes. (jneurosci.org)
Transcriptomic analyses confirmed that PAX6+NeuN- sorted populations are robustly enriched for pan-astrocyte markers and seize astrocytes in each resting and reactive situations. (aetox.com)
The mechanisms underlying impaired neuronal function are not fully understood, but evidence is accumulating that the presence of the gliotic scar produced by reactive astrocytes play a critical role in these detrimental processes. (nih.gov)
TRPM7 was found to be highly expressed in reactive astrocytes within well-characterized MS lesions and upregulated in primary astrocytes under chronic inflammatory conditions. (nih.gov)
These findings indicate that astrocytic TRPM7 is a critical regulator of the formation of a gliotic scar and provide a novel mechanism by which reactive astrocytes affect neuronal outgrowth. (nih.gov)
Under pathological conditions, such as infection, injury, or neurodegeneration, reactive astrocytes in combination with microglia contribute to the inflammatory response, playing a vital part in advancing neurodegenerative diseases. (news-medical.net)
Researchers from MIRCen have shown that inhibiting reactive astrocytes is beneficial for certain characteristics of Alzheimer's disease. (cea.fr)
Are reactive astrocytes beneficial or detrimental in the setting of Alzheimer's disease? (cea.fr)
These results suggest that targeting reactive astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease may be a novel therapeutic strategy with strong potential to improve neuronal function. (cea.fr)
CTGF expression was selectively localized to the cytoplasm of stellate reactive astrocytes. (lih.lu)
The restricted expression and accumulation of CTGF + reactive astrocytes adds convincing evidence for CTGF participation in the gliotic astrocyte CNS injury response involved in glial scar formation. (lih.lu)

95% homogeneous populations of human astrocytes within 30 days of differentiation from cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs). (nature.com)
In this study, scientists present a method for generating three-dimensional cortical and spinal cord organoids from human primary astrocytes and use Axion's label-free, noninvasive Maestro multielectrode array (MEA) platform to characterize the organoids in vitro . (axionbiosystems.com)
This protocol is relevant for non-necrotic, fresh-frozen, human cortical specimens with numerous pathologies and advisable postmortem tissue assortment inside 24 h. (aetox.com)
Cortical astrocytes displayed a quicker rate of growth (confluence) and a lower ramification (analyzed using the Incucyte ® Neurotrack Analysis Software Module) compared to astrocytes isolated from the cerebellum or hippocampus. (news-medical.net)
Time-course profile compares growth across brain regions and reveals cortical astrocytes have the fastest rate of growth. (news-medical.net)
To explore the role of cortical astrocytes in male dominance behavior, Lee and his colleagues carried out experiments on live and adult male mice. (medicalxpress.com)
Kyungchul Noh et al, Cortical astrocytes modulate dominance behavior in male mice by regulating synaptic excitatory and inhibitory balance, Nature Neuroscience (2023). (medicalxpress.com)
Pro-maturational Effects of Human iPSC-Derived Cortical Astrocytes upon iPSC-Derived Cortical Neurons. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we set out to examine interactions between human astrocytes and neurons derived from a common cortical progenitor pool, thereby recapitulating aspects of in vivo cortical development. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that the cortical iPSC-derived astrocytes exhibit many of the molecular and functional hallmarks of astrocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
Furthermore, optogenetic and electrophysiological co-culture experiments reveal that the iPSC-astrocytes can actively modulate ongoing synaptic transmission and exert pro-maturational effects upon developing networks of iPSC-derived cortical neurons. (ox.ac.uk)

We recently observed in vitro that human mature astrocytes can be induced to differentiate into cells with a neuronal phenotype. (unica.it)
After beginning her research journey as a master's student within our Ph.D. Preparatory Program, she dedicated the last several years to developing more efficient methods that can be used to generate functional and mature astrocytes for disease modeling of neurological disorders. (lu.se)
By using a new approach, we developed a rapid and efficient method to generate functional and mature astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells through overexpression of certain transcription factors that control the development of astrocytes. (lu.se)
Here we have developed a rapid and efficient method to generate functional and mature astrocytes from hPSCs through overexpression of the gliogenic transcription factors Sox9 and Nfib. (lu.se)
This method reduces the time to generate mature astrocytes from months to weeks. (lu.se)

In addition, both constitutive and LPS-inducible NOS has been demonstrated in rat astrocytes and microglia in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
Human fetal microglia, in contrast to astrocytes, failed to secrete significant amounts of nitrite in response to various stimuli. (elsevierpure.com)
human microglia, in turn, may control astrocyte NO production by providing IL-1β as an activating signal. (elsevierpure.com)

Astrocytes bear multiple vital functions such as maintaining the ion homeostasis, contributing to the blood-brain barrier, restoring synaptic integrity, regulating immune response, and acting as neural stem cells ( Kettenmann and Ransom, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
To identify a nuclear marker pathognomonic of astrocytic phenotype, we assessed differential RNA expression by FACS-purified adult astrocytes and, on that basis, evaluated the expression of the transcription factor SOX9 in both mouse and human brain. (jneurosci.org)
We found that SOX9 is almost exclusively expressed by astrocytes in the adult brain except for ependymal cells and in the neurogenic regions, where SOX9 is also expressed by neural progenitor cells. (jneurosci.org)
The analysis showed that SOX9+ astrocytes constitute ∼10-20% of the total cell number in most CNS regions, a smaller fraction of total cell number than previously estimated in the normal adult brain. (jneurosci.org)
Based on SOX9 immunolabeling, we document that astrocytes constitute a smaller fraction of total cell number than previously estimated in the normal adult mouse brain. (jneurosci.org)
The amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and the pericyte coverage were determined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in human and mouse brain sections, primary mouse astrocytes and pericytes, and human astrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. (nih.gov)
Expression of mHTT in astrocytes and neurons is sufficient to increase the brain vessel density in HD mice. (nih.gov)
Another study reports that astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes are the major source of cholesterol in the central nervous system.Apolipoprotein E transports cholesterol from astrocytes to neurons and other glial cells, regulating cell signaling in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
This augmented pain phenotype was significantly associated with increased glial fibrillary acidic protein immunofluorescence in pain-associated brain regions, identifying supraspinal astrocyte activation as a significant mechanism underlying anxiety-augmented pain behaviour. (iasp-pain.org)
Astrocytes are specialized glial cells ubiquitously distributed throughout the spinal cord and brain. (news-medical.net)
Astrocytes are a heterogeneous population of cells with distinguishing functional and morphological characteristics and are specialized to their different brain regions and locations. (news-medical.net)
8 Astrocytes interact with blood vessels, pericytes, and epithelial cells to organize CNS flow and modulate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (news-medical.net)
Rat primary astrocytes were isolated from different brain regions (cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus) and grown in vitro to demonstrate the utilization of live-cell analysis for monitoring and comparing the diversity of cultured astroglia phenotypes. (news-medical.net)
The brain, the source of human cognition, is composed of numerous cell types and a staggering number (over 1 quadrillion) of specialized connections called synapses. (duke.edu)
The recent paper, published in Nature Neuroscience , highlights the role of astrocytes in the outer layer of the brain (i.e., the cortex), in modulating the dominance behavior of male mice. (medicalxpress.com)
In these experiments, they used optogenetic and chemo-genetic techniques to activate or inhibit astrocytes in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), a brain region known to play a role in social behavior and decision-making. (medicalxpress.com)
It implies that astrocytes also play critical role in computing and processing high-order brain functions. (medicalxpress.com)
In their next works, Lee and his colleagues plan to investigate the function of specific astrocytes in different subregions of the brain. (medicalxpress.com)
Their goal is to clearly map the involvement of astrocytes in these different brain regions in various high-order brain functions. (medicalxpress.com)
Assisting the formation and function of the CNS, astrocytes are involved in physiological and pathological brain activities. (degruyter.com)
Widely distributed in the whole brain, astrocytes function complexly varying from physiological activities to pathological changes. (degruyter.com)
Not only do astrocytes proliferate after brain injury, these cells, which normally support and insulate neurons, can be reprogrammed so that they become neurons themselves. (genengnews.com)
In this interview, we learn more about her efforts to facilitate future research that explores the role of astrocytes in disease and could lead to the development of new efficient treatments for many diseases affecting the brain. (lu.se)
My Ph.D. studies have focused on developing ways to generate human astrocytes from pluripotent stem cells and fibroblasts for modeling diseases affecting the human brain. (lu.se)
It is very difficult to develop therapeutics for central nervous system disorders owing to several challenges in studying the human brain due to its exceptionally high complexity that is not present in other animal species, and inaccessibility to tissue samples from patients and healthy individuals. (lu.se)
Instead, by developing models in the dish with high biological relevance and predictive value for the human brain, we can accelerate our knowledge about what occurs during diseases affecting humans. (lu.se)
In my thesis, we more specifically focused on a group of disorders called leukodystrophies - a group of rare, genetic disorders that affect the white matter of the brain - in which some have clear indications that malfunctioning astrocytes are the primary cause. (lu.se)
Astrocytes are one of the major cell types in the central nervous system and are indispensable for brain development and function. (lu.se)
Although, there is still an incomplete understanding of how the teamwork between astrocytes, neurons, and other cells in the brain is carried out and what consequences occur when astrocytes stop working properly. (lu.se)
Research on the various cell types in the brain, such as astrocytes, has been hindered by difficulties in obtaining the actual cells to study. (lu.se)
Normally, astrocytes play a vital role within the brain, where they support the correct function of neurons . (cea.fr)
In vitro and in vivo comparisons of astrocytomas with normal human astrocytes and normal brain revealed that certain characteristic aspects of the transformed cells' metabolism may be related to the normal metabolic features of their lineage. (ucl.ac.uk)
Based on the similarities between the astrocytomas and their normal cell lineage, and the theory that the progression of transformation in malignant cells involves a de-differentiation to an earlier developmental state, the ability of astrocytomas to metabolise fatty acid in a similar manner known to occur in normal astrocytes from the developing brain was investigated. (ucl.ac.uk)
Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments revealed strong expression of phosphorylated AQP4ex (p-AQP4ex) in human brain and localization at the perivascular astrocyte endfeet in supramolecular assemblies identified by BN/PAGE experiments. (unipv.it)
Therefore, we anticipate an important physiological role of p-AQP4ex in human brain water homeostasis. (unipv.it)
Glycogen in the brain is localized almost exclusively to astrocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
These studies establish a novel approach for manipulating brain glycogen concentration in normal, awake animals and provide in vivo confirmation that astrocyte glycogen supports neuronal function and survival during glucose deprivation. (aspetjournals.org)
The human brain and human astrocytes have unique structures and functions that are not present in other animal species. (lu.se)
In the mouse brain, we found that the plasticity inhibitors Nogo-A and Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) are differentially expressed in the SVZ-OB system, in which Nogo-A identifies immature neuroblasts and NgR1 germinal astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
The use of viral vectors to deliver foreign genes to the brain is highly logical states in the human brain (Eng et al. (lu.se)
Our strategy is to investigate the effect of AD risk factors like stress, inflammation, metabolic changes, and amyloidogenesis, on different types of brain cells including pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, and NG2 cells. (lu.se)
Our work also spans from human brain tissue and cohort studies to in vitro and animal studies which is line with Multiparks translational initiative. (lu.se)
Human brain vascular pericytes treated with either scrambled or RGS5 targeting siRNA, will be co-cultured in a spheroid model of the BBB together with human brain endothelial cells and human astrocytes. (lu.se)

Our findings suggest that the inflammation-prone HD astrocytes provide less pericyte coverage by promoting angiogenesis and reducing the number of pericytes and that these changes can explain the inferior VR in HD mice. (nih.gov)

Astrocytes are abundant cell types in the vertebrate central nervous system and can act as neural stem cells in specialized niches where they constitutively generate new neurons. (frontiersin.org)
Astrocytes from HD mice and patients contained more VEGF-A, which triggers proliferation of endothelial cells and may be responsible for the augmented neurovascular changes. (nih.gov)
Astrocytes are a sub-type of glial cells in the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes are macroglial cells in the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes are derived from heterogeneous populations of progenitor cells in the neuroepithelium of the developing central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Human and Animal Cells plus corresponding Media and Tools. (pelobiotech.com)
An illustration portraying a dominant mouse gazing at the activation of star-like cells (astrocytes) in the sky, symbolizing the influence of mPFC astrocytes in conferring dominant status. (medicalxpress.com)
The striatum is comprised primarily of medium spiny neurons, interneurons and glial cells such as astrocytes. (elifesciences.org)
11 ] first proved that astrocytes within adult hippocampus are able to accelerate the proliferation of stem cells and instruct them to become neurons. (degruyter.com)
A simple treatment using four small molecules converts human astrocytes-a common type of cells in the nervous system-into new neurons, which develop complex structures after four months, as pictured. (genengnews.com)
Several recent studies have expanded our conception of the role of astrocytes in neurogenesis, proposing that these cells may contribute to this phenomenon not only as a source of trophic substances, but also as stem cells themselves. (unica.it)
In fact, whereas untreated astrocytes showed large, flat morphology, after a few hours of treatment cells exhibited a round-shaped cell body with long, thin processes. (unica.it)
With advancements in stem cell technology, the possibility to generate astrocytes from human stem cells emerged. (lu.se)
Postnatal astrocytes promote neural induction from adult human bone marrow-derived stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
In this study, we demonstrate the monoclonal neural and mesodermal potential of adult human bone marrow mesenchymal cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Critically, we show that sequential treatment with the mitogens epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) followed by postnatal hippocampal astrocyte conditioned medium significantly promotes the generation of neurofilament(+)/beta-tubulin(+) cells from bone marrow precursors. (ox.ac.uk)
To address this barrier, we have devised efficient coculture systems utilizing 3D organoid-like spheres, termed asteroids, containing pre-differentiated human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived astrocytes (hAstros) combined with neurons generated from hPSC-derived neural stem cells (hNeurons) or directly induced via Neurogenin 2 overexpression (iNeurons). (cornell.edu)
Transplant-derived cells showed robust long-term survival post-injection and efficiently differentiated into astrocytes in injured spinal cord of both immunesuppressed mice and rats. (johnshopkins.edu)
With advancements in stem cell technology, the possibility to generate astrocytes in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), ultimately derived from patient cells, emerged. (lu.se)
The present study reports CTGF expression by cells associated with matrix deposition and glial scar formation in human cerebral infarction. (lih.lu)
Treated cells undergo a remarkable shift in structure, acquiring an astrocyte-like morphology with star-shaped bodies and radial branched processes. (lu.se)
Chromosomal aberrations (hypo- and hyperdiploidy, deletions, breaks, and gaps) in peripheral lymphocytes and bone marrow cells are the predominant effects seen in humans. (cdc.gov)
Cell cytotoxicity assays (AlamarBlue assay), and Mitochondria Membrane Potential (JC-1) dye assays were performed on human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and colorectal cancer cells HCT116. (bvsalud.org)
To achieve this aim, the following objectives were proposed: the effect of metabolic inhibitors on tumor glycolytic metabolite environment, and the efficacy of metabolite inhibitors on human breast and colorectal cancer cells in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
All these assays were performed on human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and colorectal cancer cells HCT116. (bvsalud.org)
Normal human fibroblasts were used as control cells under normal and hypoxic culture conditions. (bvsalud.org)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
They are required to support the endothelial cells and to maintain the BBB together with endothelial cells and astrocytes. (lu.se)

However, induced astrocytes derived from both SAD and FAD patients exhibit a pronounced pathological phenotype, with a significantly less complex morphological appearance, overall atrophic profiles and abnormal localisation of key functional astroglial markers. (nature.com)
It can chemically convert astrocytes to functional neurons using just four small molecules, or even just three, if less efficiency can be tolerated. (genengnews.com)
By using four molecules that modulate four critical signaling pathways in human astrocytes, we can efficiently turn human astrocytes-as many as 70%-into functional neurons. (genengnews.com)
Through partnerships with several French laboratories 2 , including two at the François Jacob Institute of Biology 3 , a variety of genetic, histological, biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral techniques were deployed to determine the consequences of astrocyte reactivity inhibition on the molecular, cellular and functional alterations characteristic of Alzheimer's disease . (cea.fr)
We conclude that these bioengineered neural circuit model systems are reliable and scalable tools to accurately study aspects of human astrocyte-neuron functional properties while being easily accessible for cell-type-specific manipulations and observations. (cornell.edu)
Compared to human fibroblast control and unmodified hIPSA transplantation, GLT1-overexpressing hIPSAs reduced (1) lesion size within the injured cervical spinal cord, (2) morphological denervation by respiratory phrenic motor neurons at the diaphragm neuromuscular junction, and (3) functional diaphragm denervation as measured by recording of spontaneous EMGs and evoked compound muscle action potentials. (johnshopkins.edu)
However, traditional differentiation protocols of hPSCs to functional astrocytes, based on external cues to mimic development, are complex and time-consuming. (lu.se)

Astrocytes in humans are more than twenty times larger than in rodent brains, and make contact with more than ten times the number of synapses. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, a single astrocyte cell can interact with up to 2 million synapses at a time. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes influence axonal migration during development and aid the production and function of developing synapses. (news-medical.net)
Regional islands of non-overlapping astrocytes consisting of thousands of synapses are formed. (news-medical.net)
Since axons have reached the exact origin, neurons begin to form synapses with the help of astrocytes once again. (degruyter.com)
Astrocytes influence neuronal maturation and function by providing trophic support, regulating the extracellular environment, and modulating signaling at synapses. (ox.ac.uk)

Taken together, the authors suggest that these results "may pave the way for in vivo neural organogenesis from endogenous astrocytes for the repair of injuries to the central nervous system. (axionbiosystems.com)
In vivo and in vitro data from both humans and animals indicate that benzene and/or its metabolites are genotoxic. (cdc.gov)

TGF-β2 treatment upregulated the expression of Col1α1, Col4α2, FN, CTGF, TGM2, and TSP-1 mRNA and protein in cultured astrocytes. (arvojournals.org)
TGF-β2 is capable of inducing the expression of ECM and basement membrane components in cultured ONH astrocytes via CTGF and upregulated TSP-1, a protein naturally involved in the activation of latent TGF-β. (arvojournals.org)
Astrocytes may be recognized as such by their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamine synthetase, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), aquaporin-4, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1, and other proteins. (jneurosci.org)
SGK-1 protein levels in spinal astrocytes are increased in response to glucocorticoid stimuli and enhanced ATP release by opening the pannexin-1 hemichannels. (nature.com)
A lately developed and validated immunotagging technique makes use of three transcription issue antibodies to concurrently isolate enriched neuronal (NeuN+), astrocyte (paired field protein 6 (PAX6)+NeuN-), and oligodendrocyte progenitor ( OLIG2 +NeuN-) nuclei populations from non-diseased, recent (unfixed) snap-frozen postmortem human temporal neocortex tissue. (aetox.com)
We demonstrate that modulation of three to four signaling pathways among Notch, glycogen synthase kinase 3, transforming growth factor β, and bone morphogenetic protein pathways is sufficient to change an astrocyte into a neuron," the article's authors wrote. (genengnews.com)
Inhibition of glucose uptake correlates with a reduction in glucose transporter protein expression (GLUT1 in astrocytes and GLUT3 in neurons). (njit.edu)
Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial ®brillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. (lu.se)

Previous accounts assumed that astrocytes captured synaptic K⁺ solely via Kir4.1 channels. (wikipedia.org)

The methods developed in this thesis allow for rapid generation of patient specific astrocytes which have the potential to uncover the role of astrocytes in neurological disorders and reveal novel targets for therapeutic interventions. (lu.se)

In this report, we present evidence for the production of NO, as measured by the production of nitrite, in highly enriched human fetal astrocyte cultures stimulated with IL-1β. (elsevierpure.com)
Details about the new cocktail appeared February 7 in Stem Cell Reports , in an article titled, " Chemical Conversion of Human Fetal Astrocytes into Neurons through Modulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways . (genengnews.com)
Ethical and practical considerations limit the availability of human fetal-derived neural tissue and highlight the need to consider alternative sources of human NSCs. (ox.ac.uk)

Historically, astrocytes have been considered supporters of neuronal function, but increasing evidence suggests that they directly contribute to and support neuronal activity. (news-medical.net)

3 , 4 Astrocytopathy is a central element of neurological disorders and, depending on the disease context, astrocytes undergo complex changes, which vary from astroglial atrophy with loss of function, to pathological remodelling or reactivity and may develop alone or in combination. (nature.com)

Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of GATA3 significantly increased the number of GFAP/SOX2 double positive astrocytes and expression of pro-neural factor ASCL1, but failed to induce neurogenesis, suggesting that GATA3 is required for enhancing the neurogenic potential of primary human astrocytes and is not sufficient to induce neurogenesis alone. (frontiersin.org)
Jakobsson expression under a human GFAP (hGFAP) promoter. (lu.se)

necessary for learning molecular, physiological and pathological traits of human issues. (aetox.com)
3-IRCM (Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Fontenay-aux-Roses) and CNRGH (National Center of Human Genomics Research, Évry). (cea.fr)

However, little is known on the mechanisms that promote the neural progenitor state after injuries in humans. (frontiersin.org)
Better understanding these behaviors and the neural processes underpinning them could ultimately also have implications for the treatment of different psychiatric disorders that affect how humans socialize with others. (medicalxpress.com)
In addition, it sheds some light on the specific neural processes through which astrocytes modulate these behaviors. (medicalxpress.com)
The ability to generate almost limitless numbers of neural precursors from a readily accessible autologous adult human source provides a platform for further studies and potentially has important therapeutic implications. (ox.ac.uk)
We therefore evaluated intraspinal transplantation of human iPS cell-derived astrocytes (hIPSAs) following cervical contusion SCI as a novel strategy for reconstituting GLT1 expression and for protecting diaphragmatic respiratory neural circuitry. (johnshopkins.edu)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)

to efficiently isolate and research human neuronal nuclei (NeuN+) populations from frozen archival tissue, thereby avoiding issues related to dealing with recent tissue. (aetox.com)
4 Regional populations of astrocytes also seem to demonstrate local heterogeneity. (news-medical.net)
We also, for the first time, show a co-culture system of astrocytes and neurons obtained through direct conversion of the same starting fibroblast populations. (lu.se)

While astrocytes modulate the neuronal excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance that could directly affect social behaviors, efforts to understand the biological basis of mouse dominance behavior have largely focused on the neuronal mechanism," Sung Joong Lee, a principal researcher who carried out the study, told Medical Xpress. (medicalxpress.com)

Dilek Colak, PhD, shares the results of recent work identifying aberrant Ca2+ signaling in ASD astrocytes as a mechanism that contributes to specific behavioral and neuronal deficits. (uctv.tv)
CTGF can be considered a sensitive marker of early human astrocyte activation and a possible target for pharmacological intervention of aberrant matrix deposition. (lih.lu)

Here, we report development of a human iPSC-derived astrocyte model created from healthy individuals and patients with either early-onset familial AD (FAD) or the late-onset sporadic form of AD (SAD). (nature.com)
Finally, transcriptomic analyses implicate synapse-associated extracellular signaling in the astrocytes' pro-maturational effects upon the iPSC-derived neurons. (ox.ac.uk)

The pathological potential of human astroglia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was analysed in vitro using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. (nature.com)
16 Although induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can be used to investigate human astrocyte development and function, only a limited number of studies have described homogeneous generation of healthy astrocytes. (nature.com)
The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers a human system with which to validate and re-evaluate insights from animal studies. (ox.ac.uk)

Although injuries in the mammalian central nervous system lead to profound proliferation of astrocytes, which cluster at the lesion site to form a gliotic scar, neurogenesis does not take place. (frontiersin.org)
In order to better understand the role of astroglia in antidepressant-induced neurogenesis, primary astrocyte cultures were treated with the antidepressant imipramine. (unica.it)

We monitored astrocyte calcium activities with fiber photometry and two-photon imaging experiments, and optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques were used to manipulate astrocytic calcium signaling," Lee explained. (medicalxpress.com)
The optogenetic activation of hippocampal astrocytes can be viewed as a novel therapeutic avenue for addressing Alzheimer's disease. (medindia.net)

Such discoveries have made astrocytes an important area of research within the field of neuroscience. (wikipedia.org)
The social behavior of animals has been the key focus of extensive neuroscience and biomedical studies, as it is often aligned with behaviors observed in humans. (medicalxpress.com)
Hence, it is of great significance to reveal the mechanism behind drug addiction, and thanks to the advancing technology in the neuroscience, accumulating studies help people understand how versatile astrocytes work in drug addiction indeed [ 4 ]. (degruyter.com)

This work not only presents a novel model to study the mechanisms of human astrocytes in vitro , but also provides an ideal platform for further interrogation of early astroglial cell autonomous events in AD and the possibility of identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD. (nature.com)
We hope that understanding the interaction between addictive drugs and astrocytes may help discover new mechanisms underlying the addiction and produce novel therapeutic treatments. (degruyter.com)

Therefore, in this report, we investigated how overexpression of GATA3 in primary human astrocytes would affect the neurogenic potential before and after injury in 2D and 3D cultures. (frontiersin.org)
We found that primary human astrocytes are unable to induce GATA3 after injury. (frontiersin.org)
Primary human astrocytes do not induce GATA3 after injury. (frontiersin.org)
Defects in the formation and function of primary cilia underlie multiple human diseases and are hallmarks of malignancy. (biomedcentral.com)
Two GW/P bodies as marked by GW182 and hAgo2 colocalized to the basal body of primary human astrocytes as well as human synoviocytes during interphase and specifically with the distal end of the basal body in the pericentriolar region. (biomedcentral.com)
Astrocytes were transfected with siRNA directed to GW182 and hAgo2 and unlike control astrocytes, a primary cilium was no longer associated with the centrosome as detected in indirect immunofluorescence assays. (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously shown that primary ciliogenesis in cultured human astrocytes and synoviocytes proceeds through stages beginning with the formation of a membrane bound vesicle at the distal end of the basal body (here referred to as stage 1) followed by the establishment and growth of a 9+0 ciliary axoneme [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, we have developed an efficient method to directly convert human fibroblasts to astrocytes. (lu.se)
We show that our method can be used with fibroblasts obtained from the entire human lifespan. (lu.se)
Finally, we provide proof-of-principle that our direct conversion method can be used for disease modeling by directly converting AxD patient fibroblasts to astrocytes. (lu.se)

To respond to these questions, researchers from MIRCen 1 developed an original, viral-vector-based methodology to block an astrocyte reactivity signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (cea.fr)

In terms of the sequence of events, synaptogenesis happens right after the production of astrocytes and the time window of synapse formation overlaps that of the astrocyte maturation [ 14 ]. (degruyter.com)

The object of this research was to investigate profiles of human astrocyte and astrocytoma metabolism using NMR spectroscopy and other analytical techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry and radiation scintillation counting. (ucl.ac.uk)

Using these techniques species differences and transformation-related differences in metabolism were assessed in the human and rodent astrocytic lineage. (ucl.ac.uk)

Transplantation-based replacement of lost and/or dysfunctional astrocytes is a promising therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) that has not been extensively explored, despite the integral roles played by astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). (johnshopkins.edu)
Astrocytes express the major glutamate transporter, GLT1, which is responsible for the vast majority of glutamate uptake in spinal cord. (johnshopkins.edu)

TRPM7 overexpressing astrocytes impaired neuronal outgrowth in vitro by increasing the production of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, a key component of the gliotic scar. (nih.gov)

Gene therapy, for example, requires that genes be delivered into the human body by viral particles. (genengnews.com)
To explore the spectrum of genes induced in human astrocytes by TLR3, we used a microarray approach and the analog polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (pIC) as ligand. (elsevierpure.com)

Neuronal loss and cognitive deficits, which are the hallmarks of AD in humans, are limited in animal models 15 and there is an increasing body of evidence showing that significant differences exist between rodent and human astrocytes. (nature.com)

Join the New York Academy of Sciences and Johnson & Johnson for a series of engaging and insightful webinars with extraordinary scientists whose discoveries have made a profound impact on human health. (nyas.org)

Astrocytes have in recent years become the focus of intense experimental interest, yet markers for their definitive identification remain both scarce and imperfect. (jneurosci.org)

In the current review, we describe the astrocytic involvement in the operation of the CNS, and then focus on how astrocytes contribute to drug addiction through diversified pathways. (degruyter.com)
We aim to distinguish and understand different pathways that fuel AD progression in humans. (lu.se)

Several forms of astrocytes exist in the central nervous system including fibrous (in white matter), protoplasmic (in grey matter), and radial. (wikipedia.org)
Fibrous astrocytes are present in white matter. (news-medical.net)

The impact of anxiety on chronic musculoskeletal pain and the role of astrocyte activation. (iasp-pain.org)
This led us to investigate the role of prefrontal astrocytes in mouse dominance behavior. (medicalxpress.com)
With the advent of improved tools to examine the astrocytes, which have been believed to play a supportive role in the central nervous system (CNS) for years, their participation in the operation of the CNS and drug addiction was unveiled. (degruyter.com)
Studies of fundamental astrocyte biology in humans and their role in neurological disease have been hindered by shortage of native human astrocytes for research purposes and inadequate animal and cell models. (lu.se)
We conclude that viperin contributes to the antiviral state induced by TLR3 ligation in astrocytes, supporting a role for astrocytes as part of the innate immune response against infection in the CNS. (elsevierpure.com)

We constructed a lentiviral vector that directs transgene expression to astrocytes. (lu.se)

Anatomy16

Organisms6

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Neurons and astrocytes4

Reactive13

Cortical11

Mature astrocytes5

Microglia3

Brain44

Pericytes1

Cells29

Functional7

Synapses6

Vivo2

Protein8

Synaptic1

Specific astrocytes1

Fetal3

Neuronal activity1

Neurological disorders1

GFAP2

Molecular2

Neural6

Populations3

Modulate1

Aberrant2

IPSC-derived2

Pluripotent3

Neurogenesis2

Optogenetic2

Neuroscience3

Therapeutic2

Primary7

Fibroblasts3

Alzheimer's1

Maturation1

Astrocytoma1

Metabolism1

Spinal2

Gliotic1

Genes2

Rodent1

Discoveries have made1

Markers1

Pathways2

Fibrous2

Role5

Expression1