AnatomyChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and Processes
AdipogenesisAdipocytesPPAR gammaCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alphaCell DifferentiationCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-betaAdipose TissueAdipose Tissue, WhiteAdipocytes, WhiteAzo CompoundsAdipocytes, Brown3T3 Cells
AdipocytesDifferentiationObesityLipidPromotes adipogenesisMurineAffects AdipogenesisPPARRecombinantVitroMyogenesisStromal CellsAGIFOsteogenesisMiRNAsStemRegulationMicroRNAsCellsProliferationOnsetProteinAdipogenicCellularCellMiceMetabolismRegulateRoleSubstancesIsoformsFunctionStudiesBoneIncreasesLipidsExposureEmbryonicAssessWhite adiposPreadipocytesEffectsAnimalsPhysiologicalMouseSignificanceExpression
Adipocytes13
  • Adipose tissue abundance relies partly on the factors that regulate adipogenesis, i.e. proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found 65 miRNAs regulated during in vitro adipogenesis in primary adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been suggested that adipogenesis is regulated by PPARβ/δ followed by PPARγ and C/EBPα promoting differentiation into mature adipocytes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adipogenesis is the formation of adipocytes (fat cells) from stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adipogenesis is a tightly regulated cellular differentiation process, in which mesenchymal stem cells committing to preadipocytes and preadipocytes differentiating into adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The key features of differentiated adipocytes are growth arrest, morphological change, high expression of lipogenic genes and production of adipokines like adiponectin, leptin, resistin (in the mouse, not in humans) and TNF-alpha. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we report the development of a novel OoC that integrates functional mature human white adipocytes. (nature.com)
  • The WAT-on-a-chip is a multilayer device that features tissue chambers tailored specifically for the maintenance of 3D tissues based on human primary adipocytes, with supporting nourishment provided through perfused media channels. (nature.com)
  • While there is no standardised protocol for the differentiation of human adipocytes in culture, common themes exist in the use of supra-physiological glucose and hormone concentrations, and an absence of exogenous fatty acids. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, modifying the adipogenic cocktail can enhance functional aspects of human adipocytes in vitro and is an important variable to consider prior to in vitro investigations into adipocyte biology. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The expansion of WAT is a complex process that involves the enlargement of existing adipocytes and an increased number of adipocytes through adipogenesis ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In conclusion, low, but environmentally relevant, doses of BPA may contribute to the development of a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state in exposed adipocytes, which in turn may affect adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, independent of adipogenesis. (evanrosenlab.com)
  • Furthermore, flavonoids may decrease fat absorption, increase energy expenditure, and inhibit adipogenesis (the process during which fibroblast develop into mature adipocytes). (arktisetaromit.fi)
Differentiation12
  • In addition, constitutive expression of Dkk1 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes promotes their differentiation, further supporting the functional significance of increased Dkk1 levels during human adipogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Given the public health importance of disorders of adipose mass, further knowledge of the pathways involved specifically in human adipocyte differentiation might ultimately be of clinical relevance. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Collagen-PCL Sheath-Core Bicomponent Electrospun Scaffolds Increase Osteogenic Differentiation and Calcium Accretion of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. (ncsu.edu)
  • Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are an abundant cell source capable of osteogenic differentiation, and have been investigated as an autologous stem cell source for bone tissue engineering applications. (ncsu.edu)
  • We exploit this method to spectroscopically observe chemical changes that occur during the adipogenic differentiation of human-adipose-derived stem cells over a period of 22 days. (ncsu.edu)
  • After 22 days of differentiation, the cells show visible and spectroscopic indications of completed adipogenesis yet still share spectral features common to the progenitor stem cells. (ncsu.edu)
  • Here, for the first time, we characterize the protein complexes associated with DDX6 in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) and analyze the dynamics of this helicase under different conditions of translational activity and differentiation. (fiocruz.br)
  • Here, we present methods for modifying the adipogenic differentiation protocol to overcome impaired glucose uptake and insulin signalling in human adipose-derived stem cell lines derived from the stromovascular fraction of abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recently, other groups demonstrated that a secreted antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, Gremlin 2 (GREM2), inhibits the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts and the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cell. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • PPARs play an important role in many cellular functions including lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, differentiation, adipogenesis and inflammatory signalling. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In our previous study, we demonstrated that an agonist of the perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. (medsci.org)
  • Furthermore, the decreased expression of the EZH2 gene is crucial for stem cell differentiation into specific cell lineages involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and haematopoiesis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Obesity11
  • We thus set out to investigate whether miRNAs would be actively modulated during adipogenesis and obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, we provide a preliminary analysis of miRNAs associated with primary cell in vitro adipogenesis and demonstrate that the inflammation-associated miRNA, mir-21 is up-regulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue in human obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although angiogenesis has been considered as a potential therapeutic target of obesity, the inhibitory effect of endostatin on adipogenesis and dietary-induced obesity has never been demonstrated. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Here we reveal that endostatin inhibits adipogenesis and dietary-induced obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Through the combined functions on adipogenesis and angiogenesis, endostatin prevents dietary-induced obesity and its related metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Here, we summarise the mechanisms contributing to adipose tissue (AT) plasticity and function including characteristics and cellular complexity of the various adipose depots and we discuss recent insights into AT origins, identification of adipose precursors, pathophysiological regulation of adipogenesis and its relation to WAT/BAT expandability in obesity and its associated comorbidities. (springer.com)
  • However, when obesity and inflammation are sustained, these adaptive homeostatic mechanisms fail, leading to WAT dysfunction characterised by impaired secretion of adipokines, abnormal lipid storage and adipogenesis, exacerbated fibrosis deposition and insulin resistance. (springer.com)
  • The molecular study of fat cell development in the human body is essential for our understanding of obesity and related diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • Several human studies have shown a correlation of antibodies to Adv 36 and obesity ( 4 - 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • miRNAs as cornerstones in adipogenesis and obesity. (illumina.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Gestational phthalate and phenol exposure disrupts adipogenesis, contributing to obesity in mice. (cdc.gov)
Lipid3
  • Most of the lipid reserves in the human body are stored in white adipose tissue (WAT) that predominates in adult humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They also found that patients with the homozygous genotype developed diabetes early in adulthood and had downregulation of PPAR-gamma-dependent genes that are responsible for adipogenesis and the maintenance of adipocyte function, which "alter[s] the regulation of pathways influencing adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism," they wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Damcott and colleagues noted that the findings were somewhat unusual because a defect in an enzyme critical for lipolysis would be expected to result in excess lipid storage, but the researchers observed the opposite, "providing evidence that HSL plays a key role in maintaining adipogenesis and adipocyte function. (medpagetoday.com)
Promotes adipogenesis2
  • We present the first evidence that a Wnt antagonist, Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1), is secreted by human preadipocytes and promotes adipogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is expressed during adipocyte development and its over-expression promotes adipogenesis (1). (rndsystems.com)
Murine4
  • Secretion of Wnts by adipose cells has an important role in the control of murine adipogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The involvement of Dkk1 in human but not murine adipogenesis indicates that inter-species differences exist in the molecular control of this process. (ox.ac.uk)
  • b) L-165041 has 2.6-fold selectivity for murine PPARδ/PPARγ but is 10-fold selective for human PPARδ/PPARγ and PPARα. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • c) Human PPARδ/PPARα 2.5 fold selectivity and murine PPARδ/PPARγ selectivity 2-fold. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Affects Adipogenesis1
  • In addition, to assess whether GREM2 affects adipogenesis, ASCs (purchased from a vendor) were cultured to induce adipogenesis with recombinant GREM2 protein, and siRNA-induced GREM2 knockdown experiment was also performed using aged ASCs. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
PPAR5
  • Transcription factors, peroxis proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are main regulators of adipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • PPARγ is a member of the nuclear-receptor superfamily and is the master regulator of adipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • X-ray crystallography of human PPAR isoforms has revealed important residues responsible for ligand binding, heterodimerisation and co-factor interactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In this study, we used dorsomorphin, a selective small molecule inhibitor of BMP signaling, to investigate whether BMP signaling is involved in the positive effects of PPARγ agonists on osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. (medsci.org)
  • Although further study will be needed to clarify the mechanisms of PPARγ-regulated osteogenesis, our results suggest that the positive effects of a PPARγ agonist on the osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells seem to be dependent on BMP signaling. (medsci.org)
Recombinant4
  • 566. The Neutralization Dose (ND 50 ) is typically 10-20 µg/mL in the presence of 1 ng/mL Recombinant Human IL‑11. (rndsystems.com)
  • Recombinant Human IL-11 (Catalog # 218-IL ) stimulates proliferation in the T11 mouse plasmacytoma cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). (rndsystems.com)
  • Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human IL-11 (1 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human IL-11 Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AB-218-NA). (rndsystems.com)
  • SRA1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 170 amino acids (90-236 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 18.7kDa.SRA1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. (prospecbio.com)
Vitro1
  • Several models exist to study adipogenesis in vitro , of which the cell line 3T3-L1 is the most well known, albeit not the most physiologically appropriate. (biomedcentral.com)
Myogenesis1
  • [ 16 ] Potential mechanisms through which TCF7L2 variants influence T2DM include its role in adipogenesis, myogenesis, and pancreatic islet development, as well as in beta-cell survival and insulin secretory granule function. (medscape.com)
Stromal Cells1
  • Mouse 3T3-L1, C3H10T1/2 and human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) were cultured with BPA concentrations ranging from 0.1nM to 100μM. (evanrosenlab.com)
AGIF1
Osteogenesis2
  • Although there was no significant variation in the protein composition of these complexes during early adipogenic or osteogenic induction, there was a change in the distribution pattern of DDX6: the number of DDX6 granules per cell was reduced during adipogenesis and was enhanced during osteogenesis. (fiocruz.br)
  • Commitment to osteogenesis is associated with activation of osteoblast-related signal transduction, whereas inactivation of this signal transduction favors adipogenesis. (medsci.org)
MiRNAs2
  • When comparing primary adipocyte profiles, with those of cell lines reported in the literature, we found a high degree of difference in 'adipogenesis' regulated miRNAs suggesting that the model systems may not be accurately representing adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of 10 adipogenesis-regulated miRNAs were studied using real-time qPCR and then we selected 5 miRNAs, that showed robust expression, were profiled in subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from 20 humans with a range of body mass indices (BMI, range = 21-48, and all samples have U133+2 Affymetrix profiles provided). (biomedcentral.com)
Stem4
  • In Situ Monitoring of Adipogenesis with Human-Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. (ncsu.edu)
  • Methods capable of nondestructively collecting high-quality, real-time chemical information from living human stem cells are of increasing importance given the escalating relevance of stem cells in therapeutic and regenerative medicines. (ncsu.edu)
  • This report uses 40-nm colloidal gold nanoparticles to create volumes of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) within living human-adipose-derived adult stem cells enabling molecular information to be monitored. (ncsu.edu)
  • [ 17 , 18 ] TCF7L2 protein is increased during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in primary adipocyte stem cells. (medscape.com)
Regulation1
  • Zhao J-M, Li F-Q-Y, Li X-Y, Jiao D-R, Liu X-D, Lv X-Y, Zhao J-X. Guanidinoacetic Acid Attenuates Adipogenesis through Regulation of miR-133a in Sheep. (gaa-science.com)
MicroRNAs1
Cells4
  • The human cranium develops from mesoderm and neural crest cells. (medscape.com)
  • GAA suppressed adipogenesis of SVF cells. (gaa-science.com)
  • In summary, GAA attenuated adipogenesis of sheep SVF cells, which might occur through miR-133a-modulated Sirt1 expression. (gaa-science.com)
  • Gimble, J.M., Bunnell, B.A. and Guilak, F. (2012) Human Adipose-Derived Cells: An Update on the Transition to Clinical Translation. (scirp.org)
Proliferation1
  • Cell Proliferation Induced by IL‑11 and Neutralization by Human IL‑11 Antibody. (rndsystems.com)
Onset2
  • DKK1 mRNA increases six hours after onset of human adipogenesis and this is followed by an increase in Dkk1 protein. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is shown that intracellular SERS is able to detect the production of lipids as little as one day after the onset of adipogenesis and that a complex interplay between lipids, proteins, and chemical messengers can be observed shortly thereafter. (ncsu.edu)
Protein1
  • The human IL-11 cDNA encodes a 199 amino acid residue precursor polypeptide with a 21 amino acid residue hydrophobic signal that is processed proteolytically to generate the 178 amino acid residue mature protein. (rndsystems.com)
Adipogenic1
  • Previously, we reported an age-related decrease in the adipogenic potential of ASCs from human subjects and found that the individual difference in this potential increased with age, although the mechanisms remain unclear. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Cellular2
  • Here we explore the effect of low, but environmentally relevant, concentrations of BPA on adipogenesis using a variety of cellular models. (evanrosenlab.com)
  • Additionally, Abedin and King showed that FGF-2 suppresses the cellular senescence of human MSCs [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cell2
  • An optimised protocol for the investigation of insulin signalling in a human cell culture model of adipogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Adipogenesis plays a critical role in controlling adipocyte cell number, body weight, and metabolic profile in a homeostatic state. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mice4
  • Infection with human adenovirus 36 (Adv 36) has been reported to cause a large accumulation of fat in 4 animals (chickens, mice, rats, and monkeys) ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: a metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice. (nature.com)
  • Nasal insufflation of IL-11 causes AHR in wild-type mice while lung inflammation induced by antigen sensitization and challenge, which mimics features of atopic asthma in humans, is attenuated in mice genetically deficient in IL-11 receptor subunit a-1 (IL-11Ra1-deficient mice), a transmembrane receptor that is required conjointly with glycoprotein 130 to transduce IL-11 signaling. (cdc.gov)
  • So far, the expression pattern and the function of EZH2 have been broadly studied in humans [ 11 ] and mice [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Metabolism1
Regulate1
  • According to literally thousands of publications spanning nearly two centuries, the brain is the only organ that is known to regulate body fat mass in humans and other animals-- neither fat tissue itself, nor the insulin-secreting pancreas have the ability to regulate body fat mass as far as we currently know. (blogspot.com)
Role1
  • Vegetable oils have their specific physicochemical properties due to which they are playing vital role in human nutritional diet for health benefits. (scielo.br)
Substances1
  • Biologic uptake: the process by which the transfer of substances from the environment to plants, animals, and humans occurs. (cdc.gov)
Isoforms1
  • In humans, two isoforms (1 and 2) exist due to alternative splicing. (rndsystems.com)
Function2
  • These factors can have detrimental effects on some aspects of adipogenesis and adipocyte function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the human brain, 2-phenethylamine is believed to function as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter (a trace amine). (hmdb.ca)
Studies3
  • we now extend these studies to human tissue.Method: Ethical approval was obtained for this study. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Leptin is the system that Drs. Jules Hirsch and Rudy Leibel have shown in carefully controlled human studies is responsible for the metabolic defect Taubes alluded to ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
  • According to animal models and short term human studies, flavonoids decrease energy intake, increase glucose uptake in muscle, and decrease glucose uptake in adipose tissue. (arktisetaromit.fi)
Bone2
  • MSCs can easily be obtained from various human tissue sources such as the bone marrow, cord blood, placenta, and adipose [ 2 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It has been noted that in humans and preclinical animal models that exposure to microgravity/space flight or prolonged bed rest (a surrogate for microgravity) can lead to infiltration of skeletal muscle and bone marrow with fat. (scirp.org)
Increases1
  • Cyclic tensile strain increases interactions between human epidermal keratinocytes and quantum dot nanoparticles. (ncsu.edu)
Lipids1
  • PPARs have been found to interact with a number of endogenous lipids and drugs for the treatment of human metabolic diseases. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Exposure1
  • Whether gestational phthalate or phenol exposure is associated with infant body composition has not been investigated in humans. (cdc.gov)
Embryonic1
  • EZH2, a methyltransferase catalyzing H3K27me3, has been abundantly studied in human and mouse embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
Assess1
  • 26. EPA weight-of-evidence category, "Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential. (beyondpesticides.org)
White adipos1
  • Our data indicate that HSL is the predominant, if not exclusive mediator of the hydrolysis of diglycerides, cholesterol esters, and retinyl esters in human white adipose tissue," they added. (medpagetoday.com)
Preadipocytes1
Effects1
  • Furthermore, based on a GREM2 addition experiment, GREM2 has inhibitory effects on the adipogenesis of ASCs through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Animals1
Physiological1
  • these systems integrate engineered human tissues into physiological microenvironment supplied by a vasculature-like microfluidic perfusion. (nature.com)
Mouse1
  • Human Isoform 2 VSTM2A shares 78% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat VSTM2A. (rndsystems.com)
Significance1
  • Despite its significance, many WAT-related pathophysiogical mechanisms in humans are still not understood, largely due to the reliance on non-human animal models. (nature.com)
Expression2