Hpai h5n1 viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Asian HPAI H5N1 virus infection in humans was first detected in 1997 during poultry outbreaks in Hong Kong and has since been detected in poultry and wild birds in more than 60 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East since 2003. (cdc.gov)
VIET NAM - Three new outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have been reported in two northern provinces. (thepoultrysite.com)
The report describes three new outbreaks of HPAI, all starting on 18 November and in village flocks. (thepoultrysite.com)
Since then, APHIS has identified 247 HPAI A(H5N1) outbreaks among commercial poultry or backyard bird flocks in 29 states involving more than 35 million birds. (cdc.gov)
Ancestors of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses first emerged in southern China and led to large poultry outbreaks in Hong Kong in 1997, which resulted in 18 human infections. (cdc.gov)
These poultry outbreaks were controlled, but HPAI A(H5N1) viruses were not eradicated in birds, and the virus reassorted and reemerged in 2003 to spread widely in birds throughout Asia, and later in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, causing sporadic human infections. (cdc.gov)
Previous outbreaks of HPAI have tended to hit wintering waterfowl, subsiding as wintering flocks disperse. (bto.org)
In 2003, outbreaks of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus had a major negative impact on the global poultry industry. (usda.gov)
In 2006, the world poultry industry was again under pressure due to HPAI H5N1 outbreaks, this time in Europe. (usda.gov)
Outbreaks of low and high pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI, HPAI) H5N2 in chickens have occurred in Taiwan since 2003 and 2012, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
The two-stage survey (before and after HPAI H5N2 outbreaks) was conducted from 2007 to 2012, including: (1) 430 LPMWs and 418 CRs at LPMs from different geographical areas of Taiwan after the government announced outbreaks of LPAI H5N2 during 2007-2009, and (2) 73 LPMWs and 152 CRs at two LPMs in central Taiwan after the HPAI H5N2 outbreaks in 2012. (biomedcentral.com)
Before HPAI-H5N2 outbreaks, higher educated respondents demonstrated greater risk awareness and concerns regarding AI. (biomedcentral.com)
Also in November 2014, a novel H5N2 virus was reported in outbreaks on chicken and turkey farms in Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada. (cdc.gov)
This may explain why the infection was only detected in a limited number of wild birds during the H5N1 HPAI outbreaks in Eurasia in 2005/06. (farmersweekly.co.za)
With new reports of H5N1 virus continuing across Asia, Europe, and Africa, this finding highlights the need for monitoring of domestic animals during outbreaks. (flu.org.cn)
The overall risk to human health associated with the ongoing A(H5N1) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry has not changed and remains low at this time. (cdc.gov)
However, because of the potential for influenza viruses to rapidly evolve and the wide global prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, continued sporadic human infections are anticipated. (cdc.gov)
CDC is actively working on the domestic situation with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, including conducting surveillance among people with relevant exposures and preparing for the possibility that contemporary HPAI A(H5N1) viruses gain the ability for increased transmissibility to people. (cdc.gov)
Clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses emerged in 2020 and were introduced into North America in late 2021 [ 1 ] and have spread to Central and South America, resulting in wild bird and poultry outbreaks in many countries [ 2 ]. (cdc.gov)
Globally, this 2.3.4.4b clade of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses has become widespread causing record numbers of bird outbreaks in wild, backyard, village, and farm birds. (cdc.gov)
Over 11,300 animal outbreaks of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses were reported by 73 member states to the World Organization for Animal Health since January 2022. (cdc.gov)
The present report describes the distribution and seasonality of HPAI outbreaks in India from 2006 to 2021. (bvsalud.org)
Results: A total of 284 H5N1 outbreaks were reported since 2006, with a surge in 2021. (bvsalud.org)
The initial outbreaks of H5N1 were predominantly in poultry. (bvsalud.org)
Most of the outbreaks of HPAI were reported from post monsoon onwards till pre-summer season (i.e. between October and March) with their peak in winter, in January. (bvsalud.org)
Interpretation & conclusions: Such studies on the seasonality of HPAI outbreaks would help in the development of prevention and control strategies. (bvsalud.org)
The interspecies transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus to poultry populations often results in devastating disease outbreaks. (who.int)

Genetic analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) viruses from poultry and hooded vultures in Burkina Faso shows that these viruses belong to 1 of 3 sublineages initially found in Nigeria and later in other African countries. (cdc.gov)
We genetically analyzed influenza A (H5N1) viruses from Burkina Faso poultry and the first gene sequences obtained from African wild birds, hooded vultures ( Necrosyrtes monachus ). (cdc.gov)
Asian HPAI H5N1 influenza viruses are avian influenza A viruses that originate from Asia and that cause severe illness and death in poultry (this means the viruses are "highly pathogenic" and these viruses are called "highly pathogenic avian influenza" or "HPAI" for short). (cdc.gov)
Asian HPAI H5N1 viruses are different from the HPAI H5N1, H5N2, and H5N8 viruses that have been detected in U.S. wild birds and poultry since December 2014. (cdc.gov)
These viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry (such as chickens, ducks and turkeys) and other bird and animal species. (cdc.gov)
Till date, the H5N1 virus has claimed 402 human lives, with a mortality rate of 58% and has caused the death or culling of millions of poultry since 2003. (ias.ac.in)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 virus infections are constantly monitored worldwide because of their devastating effects on poultry. (usda.gov)
This case occurred in a person who had direct exposure to poultry and who was involved in the culling (depopulating) of poultry with presumptive H5N1 bird flu. (cdc.gov)
Starting in January, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) detected highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in wild birds in the United States followed by multiple detections in U.S. commercial poultry and backyard bird flocks [1,2]. (cdc.gov)
Detection of A(H5) virus in one person who was involved in culling of poultry does not change the human health risk assessment, which remains low for the general public. (cdc.gov)
On April 20, 2022, an adult in Colorado developed fatigue following exposure to presumptive H5N1 virus-infected poultry while participating in poultry depopulation activities during April 18-22, 2022. (cdc.gov)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) is a strain of the avian influenza virus that primarily affects birds, particularly poultry. (news-medical.net)
HPAI H5N1 virus was detected in one poultry meat sample. (flu.org.cn)
Since its first detection in 1997, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has devastated the poultry industry of numerous countries of the Eastern Hemisphere. (flutrackers.com)
Fully understanding the different awareness, attitudes and protective behaviors adopted by workers in live-poultry markets (LPMWs) and local community residents (CRs) to face the challenges of LPAI and HPAI is very important to minimize viral adaptations to human populations. (biomedcentral.com)
The increasing number of fatal cases due to H5N1 infections prompted the government of Hong Kong to initiate policies forbidding the slaughtering of live chickens or other poultry in wet markets [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The novel Eurasian highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI A (H5N8) virus spread rapidly and globally during 2014, substantially affecting poultry populations. (cdc.gov)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 activity has intensified globally since 2021, increasingly causing mass mortality in wild birds and poultry and incidental infections in mammals. (eswi.org)
Not limited to poultry, the virus has also been shown to cross the species barrier infecting humans and felines, including domestic cats and tigers," a 2006 NLM report reads. (greenmatters.com)
Both cats and tigers were reported as becoming infected after eating poultry carcasses harboring HPAI. (greenmatters.com)
Dogs and cats should not be allowed to have contact with infected poultry or carcasses, not only to protect the pet but to prevent them from spreading the virus to other poultry flocks," stated the USDA's APIS. (greenmatters.com)
Since April 2014, new infections of H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) in humans and domestic poultry have caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry and posed an enormous threat to human health worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
Since 2003, multiple highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5 subtypes, including H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8, have generated severe epidemics and thus not only tremendous economic losses in the domestic poultry industry, but also serious threats to human health worldwide ( Jhung and Nelson, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
A recent study funded by the US Poultry & Egg Association found that H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has a low likelihood of becoming established or maintained in wild avian populations. (farmersweekly.co.za)
Although HPAI viruses are of major concern to the poultry industry, it's their potential to infect humans that necessitates rapid control and eradication strategies. (agrifutures.com.au)
But, in some of the limited information available on the nature of the Novosibirsk HPAI H5N1 virus, as provided by Russia to OIE [see 20050813.2369 and ], the 4 isolates of H5N1 from domestic poultry in 2 regions of Novosibirsk are similar, but one sample, which is from a wild duck, clearly has a different PCR electrophoreogram pattern (Figure 1 in the OIE report). (drmartinwilliams.com)
While other data not included in the report may show that the virus in wild birds is related to those isolated from affected poultry in the Novosibirsk region, the available data suggest that such is not the case, and certainly no data that shows the wild birds were the vector of transmission has been made available at the present time. (drmartinwilliams.com)
But because the influenza virus can survive in poultry droppings for up to 2 weeks (Lu et al. (drmartinwilliams.com)
DJ, the outbreak outbreak of H5N1 in Polish cats may have been linked to cat food -raw poultry- with H5N1. (avianflutalk.com)
In addition to birds and poultry, H5N1 viruses have been detected in some mammals. (sdhumane.org)
HPAI is a highly contagious, deadly disease in domestic poultry. (govdelivery.com)
Our preparation could reduce the risk of infection among poultry and prevent or limit the impact of HPAI introduction in Oregon. (govdelivery.com)
ODA is working closely with USDA APHIS, other federal partners, neighboring states, and commercial poultry producers to prevent the introduction of HPAI into Oregon's poultry flocks. (govdelivery.com)
Since the first detection in Cheshire, a further 15 infected premises were reported with HPAI H5N8 in poultry, game birds and captive birds throughout England (14), and Scotland (1). (unog.ch)
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 and H5N1 in poultry, in captive birds, in game birds. (unog.ch)
In the winter season 2021/2021, the detection of four HPAI subtypes (H5N8, H5N1 in poultry, captive birds and wild birds, and H5N5 and H5N3 in wild birds) in the same epidemic event is unparalleled in the UK. (unog.ch)
Hence, the data supports indirect/direct introduction from wild birds, rather than undisclosed maintenance of the virus in poultry populations during the last three years. (unog.ch)
Following confirmation of cases of both HPAI H5N8 and LPAI H5N2 in poultry the UK is no longer free from notifiable avian influenza under the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) rules. (unog.ch)
Since 2022, despite the wide geographic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and to poultry worldwide, with sporadic spillover to mammals, only a small number of sporadic human cases of A(H5N1) have been identified. (cdc.gov)
To date, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses currently circulating in birds and poultry, with spillover to mammals, and those that have caused human infections do not have the ability to easily bind to receptors that predominate in the human upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
Continued comprehensive surveillance of these viruses in wild birds, poultry, mammals, and people worldwide, and frequent reassessments are critical to determine the public health risk, along with ongoing preparedness efforts. (cdc.gov)
To date, no such concerning changes have been identified in HPAI A(H5N1) viruses circulating in wild birds and poultry worldwide or that have sporadically infected humans. (cdc.gov)
Apart from poultry, the bird species such as owl, Indian peafowl, lesser adjutant, crows and wild migratory birds such as demoiselle crane, northern pintail and bar-headed goose were positive for HPAI. (bvsalud.org)
The recent human infections of H5N1 and H9N2 viruses highlight the need to strengthen surveillance in wild, resident, migratory birds and in poultry along with One Health studies in India. (bvsalud.org)
A total of 30H9N2 viruses were isolated from poultry and environmental specimens (years 2015-2020). (bvsalud.org)
400 million poultry have been culled since 2003 as a result of efforts to control highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza ( http://www.fao.org/avianflu/en/index.html ), and there are increasing biological and ecological consequences. (nationalacademies.org)
We investigated the circulation of avian influenza viruses in poultry populations throughout Papua New Guinea to assess the risk to the poultry industry and human health. (who.int)
This study demonstrated that avian influenza viruses were not circulating at detectable levels in poultry populations in Papua New Guinea during the sampling period. (who.int)
However, avian influenza remains a significant risk to Papua New Guinea due to the close proximity of countries having previously reported highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and the low biosecurity precautions associated with the rearing of most poultry populations in the country. (who.int)
4 The recent emergence of a novel H7N9 virus in China (March 2013) has increased fears about the spread of influenza viruses with pandemic potential from poultry populations. (who.int)
5 The transmission of these viruses over long distances by migrating birds is a concern for countries such as Papua New Guinea that have large poultry populations with few biosecurity precautions. (who.int)
Relatively few poultry farms are commercialized and therefore do not have high biosecurity settings to reduce potential introduction of influenza viruses into the poultry population. (who.int)
In this paper we report a cross-sectional study to determine the presence of circulating avian influenza viruses and the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to avian influenza viruses in poultry populations across Papua New Guinea. (who.int)
To minimize the global threat and risk of HPAI in humans and domestic poultry, through progressive control and eradication of HPAI, particularly that caused by H5N1 virus, from terrestrial domestic poultry in Asia. (bvs.br)

On February 7, 2006, the first African outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) (H5N1) virus was reported from a farm in Kaduna State, northern Nigeria. (cdc.gov)
Over a 3-week period in late June/early July 2023, Poland experienced an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in cats. (eurosurveillance.org)
The last HPAI outbreak in Vet Nam was reported in August this year. (thepoultrysite.com)
On February 9, 2022, USDA APHIS confirmed the first outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) virus in a commercial turkey flock in Indiana [2]. (cdc.gov)
The WHO announced that on February 13, 2023, Equatorial Guinea confirmed its first-ever outbreak of Marburg virus disease. (unmc.edu)
Learn more about the current worldwide outbreak of the HPAI H5N1 Avian Flu. (unmc.edu)
The Ebola -Sudan Virus Disease (SVD) outbreak in Uganda was confirmed by health authorities on September 20, 2022. (unmc.edu)
The strain of influenza virus behind the outbreak has a high potential to cause disease. (bto.org)
Talks described the current outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI - H5N2) epidemic in the Oudtshoorn area and the vigorous systematic response by the Animal Health Division of the Dept of Agriculture, the ongoing HPAI - H5N1 epidemic in Asia and Eastern Mediterranean region and H5N1 in humans and other flu viruses of this season. (sun.ac.za)
The ongoing outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in South Africa, which began in April 2021, has led to the culling of nearly 3 million birds, primarily layers. (usda.gov)
In contrast, it has been detected in ca 7% of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses identified in mammals in Europe , including the virus responsible for the outbreak on a mink farm in Spain [ 15 ]. (avianflutalk.com)
Genetic changes to avian influenza viruses have led to spread among many wild species, creating an uncontrollable global outbreak. (eswi.org)
Although this process can take a period of months it s never failed to control the outbreak (although the Mexican trails with HPAI H5N2 avian influenza have been somewhat protracted since the mid 1990 s) whereas in Asia, since 2003, the virus has spread into new countries that are beyond China s borders. (scitizen.com)
H5N1 was isolated from clinically healthy birds in Penfold Park during the 2002 pathogenic [influenza] outbreak in Hong Kong SAR. (drmartinwilliams.com)
A further point illustrating the lack of data on the role of wild birds in HPAI H5NA transmission is the outbreak in Novosibirsk, Russia. (drmartinwilliams.com)
We report a fatal H5N1 infection in a dog following ingestion of an H5N1-infected duck during an outbreak in Thailand in 2004. (flu.org.cn)

In a recent study published in the CDC's Emerging Infectious Diseases journal, researchers characterized the pathophysiology of infection by the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) viral organism belonging to the Eurasian lineage and 2.3.4.4b clade in non-domesticated terrestrial animals across the United States (US) between 1 April and 21 July 2022. (news-medical.net)
This study aimed to characterise the identified virus and investigate possible sources of infection. (eurosurveillance.org)
Viruses from cats were very similar to each other, indicating one common source of infection. (eurosurveillance.org)
The scale of HPAI H5N1 virus infection in cats in Poland is worrying. (eurosurveillance.org)
Additionally, differences were also observed in clinical disease after infection with a H5N1 HPAI virus, and the ducks innate immune responses also differed. (usda.gov)
The purpose of this HAN Health Advisory is to notify public health workers, clinicians, and the public of the potential for human infection with this virus and to describe the CDC's recommendations for patient investigation and testing, infection control including the use of personal protective equipment, and antiviral treatment and prophylaxis. (cdc.gov)
Whether the detection of H5 virus in the original respiratory specimen is a result of transient surface contamination of the individual's nasal passages or represents infection, cannot be determined at this point. (cdc.gov)
As of January 2012, HPAI H5N1 virus caused 577 laboratory-confirmed human cases of infection, of which 340 were fatal. (flutrackers.com)
Experimental infection studies reveal that some wild ducks, geese and swans shed this virus asymptomatically and hence have the potential to spread it as they move. (britishecologicalsociety.org)
We evaluate the dispersive potential of HPAI H5N1 viruses by wildfowl through an analysis of the movement range and movement rate of birds monitored by satellite telemetry in relation to the apparent asymptomatic infection duration (AID) measured in experimental studies. (britishecologicalsociety.org)
Our results indicate that individual migratory wildfowl have the potential to disperse HPAI H5N1 over extensive distances, being able to perform movements of up to 2900 km within timeframes compatible with the duration of asymptomatic infection. (britishecologicalsociety.org)
However, the likelihood of such virus dispersal over long distances by individual wildfowl is low: we estimate that for an individual migratory bird there are, on average, only 5-15 days per year when infection could result in the dispersal of HPAI H5N1 virus over 500 km. (britishecologicalsociety.org)
Staging at stopover sites during migration is typically longer than the period of infection and viral shedding, preventing birds from dispersing a virus over several consecutive but interrupted long-distance movements. (britishecologicalsociety.org)
Regardless of novel LPAI or HPAI virus reassortants that pose public health risks, prompt and clear risk communication focusing on both correct information about AIVs and the most appropriate preventive measures are important for effective prevention of human infection. (biomedcentral.com)
In humans this H5N1 Z virus binds better to the cells in a region deep in the lung instead of the normal site of human influenza virus infection that targets infection to the epithelial lining of the major and minor airways. (scitizen.com)
Here, we report a case of HPAI H5N1 infection in a domestic dog following ingestion of the carcass of an infected duck. (greenmatters.com)
As of October 3, 2016, at least 856 cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in 16 countries had been reported to the World Health Organization, among which 452 had ended in death, for an apparent case fatality rate of 52.8% ( WHO, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
Avian Influenza (including infection with high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses). (cdc.gov)
Evidence of infection with influenza viruses in migratory waterfowl. (cdc.gov)
2001. Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia. (nationalacademies.org)
3 Death caused by infection and preventive measures (such as depopulation) implemented to control the spread of the HPAI H5N1 virus resulted in considerable socioeconomic burdens for many of the affected countries. (who.int)

This H5N2 influenza virus is a reassortant. (cdc.gov)
Whole- genome sequencing indicated the virus was highly similar to the H5N2 reassortant virus from Canada. (cdc.gov)
Evolution of the A/chicken/pennsylvania/83 (H5N2) influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
Public Health England advises that the risk to the public's health from all four of the virus strains which have been found in England (H5N2, H5N8, H5N5, H5N1) is very low. (unog.ch)

Hooded vultures could potentially be vectors or sentinels of influenza subtype H5N1, as are cats and swans elsewhere. (cdc.gov)
On April 3, influenza A (subtype H5N1) was first confirmed in Burkina Faso. (cdc.gov)
The team performed two tests for influenza A virus H5 subtyping: IAV and H5 subtype hemagglutinin gene targeted-RT-PCR and the H5 subtype clade 2.3.4.4b-targeted RT-PCR for the North American, Eurasian, and Mexican lineages of the virus. (news-medical.net)
Unusually, in the spring of 2022, the HPAI virus (subtype H5N1) spread into our globally important colonies of nesting seabirds. (bto.org)
Although H5N8 subtype viruses have been detected previously in the United States, all have been low pathogenicity AIV of North American wild bird lineage. (cdc.gov)
It is a subtype of the influenza A virus--the most virulent of the influenza viruses to affect humans. (scientificamerican.com)
These viruses are classified according to the identity of two of their surface proteins--hemagglutinin (H5 in this subtype) and neuraminidase (N1). (scientificamerican.com)
The subtype behind the 2009 'swine flu' pandemic is H1N1, which has the same version of neuraminidase as H5N1, but a different version of hemagglutinin. (scientificamerican.com)
Influenza virus was isolated from lung, liver, kidney, and urine specimens, and the viral subtype was determined to be H5N1 by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR ( 6 ). (flu.org.cn)

In the past, some avian influenza A viruses (such as H5N1 and H7N9) have infected people, but human infections are rare. (cdc.gov)
In the present study, researchers presented a series of cases to highlight the pathophysiology of spontaneous HPAI H5N1 infections among terrestrial wild animals in the US, which coincided with elevated levels of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in circulation among non-domesticated avian species during summer and spring of 2022. (news-medical.net)
Histologic and pathologic findings for the 3 raptors were consistent with those described in previous reports of H5N8 infections, and the severity of the lesions correspond to virus concentrations detected in the tissues by molecular assays. (cdc.gov)
Our mission is to reduce the burden of major acute respiratory virus infections by fostering stakeholder communication and cross-disciplinary research in Europe. (eswi.org)
In addition, USDA APHIS has also confirmed HPAI infections in 16 states including both backyard and commercial flocks with new detections announced every week. (govdelivery.com)
However, the true mortality rate will be lower because there are probably some milder, unrecorded infections of H5N1. (scientificamerican.com)
The dog´s owner stated that the dog had eaten duck carcasses from an area with reported HPAI H5N1 infections in ducks. (flu.org.cn)

HPAI was identified in 67 non-domesticated animals across 10 US states between April and July 2022, including 50 red-colored foxes, six striped skunks, four raccoons, two bobcats, two Virginia opossums, one coyote, one fisher, and one gray fox. (news-medical.net)
The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype CH (H5N1 A/Eurasian wigeon/Netherlands/3/2022-like). (eurosurveillance.org)
A person has tested positive for avian influenza A(H5) virus (H5 bird flu) in the U.S., as confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and reported by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment on April 28, 2022. (cdc.gov)
During January 13, 2022, through April 27, 2022, USDA APHIS reported more than 899 detections of wild birds infected with HPAI A(H5N1) virus in 33 states [1]. (cdc.gov)
The specimen was forwarded to the Influenza Division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for further testing, was received at CDC on April 27, 2022, and confirmed as influenza A(H5) virus using RT-PCR the same day. (cdc.gov)
A second respiratory specimen from the same patient was collected on April 26, 2022, and tested negative for influenza viruses on April 27, 2022, by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Laboratory Services. (cdc.gov)
Specimens from close contacts of the A(H5)-positive individual and persons who participated in depopulation activities at the same facility were collected on April 20, 2022, and tested negative for influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
As of April 26, 2022, about 33 million farmed birds have contracted the H5N1 bird flu virus, while almost 800 wild birds have been infected, as well. (greenmatters.com)
According to 11alive , no dogs in the U.S. have been reported to contract the virus as of 2022. (greenmatters.com)
As of Jan. 18, 2023, data from the USDA shows that HPAI H5N1 had been detected in at least 6,192 individual wild birds in 50 states and the District of Columbia since January of 2022. (sdhumane.org)

Both viruses have 3 RNA segments of North American wild bird lineage and 5 RNA segments that showed more than 99 percent similarity to the 2014 Eurasian H5N8 viruses. (cdc.gov)
First, the Eurasian lineage avian H5N8 virus survived introduction into North America in its entirety. (cdc.gov)
HPAI H5N8 (high pathogenicity avian influenza) was first detected at a single infected premises in Cheshire - a broiler breeder rearer chickens production system. (unog.ch)
Analysis of the virus showed that it shares a common progenitor with the virus derived from the HPAI H5N8 virus circulating across Northern Europe since October 2020. (unog.ch)
Background & objectives: The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and H5N8 viruses have been one of the leading causes of avian diseases worldwide, resulting in severe economic losses and posing potential zoonotic risk. (bvsalud.org)
There are no reports on the correlation of the seasonality of H5N1 and H5N8 viruses with the migratory bird season in India, along with the species affected. (bvsalud.org)
The distribution and seasonality of HPAI H5N1 and H5N8 viruses were analyzed. (bvsalud.org)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses such as H5N1 are capable of causing up to 100% mortality in chicken flocks. (agrifutures.com.au)
ODA is asking for the public's help in detecting HPAI in backyard flocks. (govdelivery.com)

The detected virus was identified as having a clade 2.3.4.4b and was determined to be the same genotype as circulating in wild birds in South America. (poultrymed.com)
The team built phylogenetic interpretation trees and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tables using a reference including six segments from the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus and two from non-domesticated avian viruses from the northern regions of America. (news-medical.net)
The only people who use its full name-H5N1-HPAI-clade 2.3.4.4b-are typically scientists who study emerging viruses, such as Nichola Hill at the University of Massachusetts Boston. (motherjones.com)
The puzzle being that this mutation - which has been found in a small percentage of mammals infected with the H5 clade 2.3.4.4b virus - has not been previously seen in infected avian species in Europe. (avianflutalk.com)
It should be noted that this mutation has never been observed in H5Nx viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b collected from birds in Europe since 2020 . (avianflutalk.com)
Influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b can successfully infect mammals and humans with high levels of direct exposure (for example, scavenger mammalian species, humans working closely with birds). (avianflutalk.com)

Phylogenetic tree for the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of African influenza A (H5N1) strains. (cdc.gov)
The hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of influenza A (H5N1) viruses from Burkina Faso clustered with recent western Asian, Russian, European, and African strains and are clearly distinct from southeastern Asian lineages (data not shown). (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic comparison of the HA1 genes from Burkina Faso with all African influenza A (H5N1) HA sequences available from GenBank showed that the Burkina Faso strains cluster together and with A/chicken/Ivory Coast/1787/2006 ( Figure 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The virus, comparable to those found in Eurasian strains, was identified in the US in December of 2021 and spread to domesticated animals and non-domestic birds. (news-medical.net)
Canadian scientists who have studied big chunks of the genetic code of the two proteins on the surface of the Manitoba H5N1 viruses have confirmed these viruses are from the family of North American H5N1 viruses, not the strains circulating in Southeast Asia. (recombinomics.com)
We analyzed 226 HA and 92 NA sequences with an emphasis on the H5N1 2.2.1.1 strains in Egypt using a Bayesian discrete phylogeography approach. (biomedcentral.com)
Any available data on the detection of pathogenic H5N1 virus strains in subclinically infected uncaged wild birds will be appreciated. (drmartinwilliams.com)
Research describing two mutant strains of H5N1 avian influenza that spread between mammals is likely to be published in its entirety. (scientificamerican.com)
Two teams of scientists, led by Ron Fouchier of Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, have created mutant strains of H5N1 avian influenza. (scientificamerican.com)
These laboratory strains could be passed between mammals more easily than wild strains of the virus. (scientificamerican.com)
Wild H5N1 viruses cannot latch on tothe cells in a person's nose and throat, but the mutant strains created by Fouchier and Kawaoka can spread between ferrets, which are viewed as a good animal model of flu transmission between humans. (scientificamerican.com)

On 17 April 2023, the US CDC provided information on the genomic analysis of the samples from the first human infected with avian influenza A(H5N1) in Chile. (poultrymed.com)

it has previously been shown to be associated with increased polymerase activity in mammalian cells [ 2 , 10 ] and is present in the 2009 pandemic A(H1N1) virus [ 2 ]. (avianflutalk.com)
Neumann G, Noda T, Kawaoka Y. Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
Following the emergence of avian influenza H5N1 to the H1N1 pandemic was a learning experience on and the fear of its pandemic potential, having an adequate which capacity to face future events in the Region can preparedness plan became a priority as the World Health be built and strengthened. (who.int)
Even so, it seems likely that this virus has a greater mortality rate than either ordinary seasonal flu or possibly the 1918 pandemic H1N1 strain . (scientificamerican.com)
Kawaoka and his team, whose work has been accepted by Nature, created a chimeric virus with the hemagglutinin protein from H5N1 and the genes from the 2009 pandemic strain of H1N1. (scientificamerican.com)
In the present study, we report their functionality after storage for 18 months, at -80 °C. Three influenza A subtypes, namely, H3N2, H1N1 and H5N1, were used in the study. (bvsalud.org)
The Egyptian Health Ministry confirmed 38 deaths related to the A/H1N1 virus, known as swine flu, including four physicians, since the beginning of last December, according to a Daily News Egypt report Sunday. (theglobaldispatch.com)

The immune response to vaccination results in the development of protective antibodies against the viruses used to make the vaccine. (cdc.gov)
An attenuated virus vaccine (such as the nasal spray flu vaccine, a.k.a. the "live attenuated influenza vaccine") is a vaccine that consists of live virus that has been weakened through chemical or physical processes to produce an immune response without causing disease in the vaccinated person. (cdc.gov)
The FDA has approved a vaccine for H5N1 influenza. (medscape.com)
This information should be taken into account when implementing vaccine strategies for control of HPAI in different bird species. (usda.gov)
Investigation of the biological indicator for vaccine efficacy against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus challenge in mice and ferrets. (flugenome.org)
Because influenza viruses are constantly changing, CDC performs ongoing analyses of A(H5N1) viruses to identify genetic changes that might allow for spread more easily to and between people, cause serious illness in people, reduce susceptibility to antivirals, affect the sensitivity of diagnostic assays, or reduce neutralization of the virus by vaccine induced antibodies. (cdc.gov)

It is also used as a precautionary measure to prevent illness in people who have been exposed to animals infected with or environments contaminated by novel (i.e., new in humans) influenza A viruses , such as the viruses that cause bird flu or swine flu. (cdc.gov)
Avian influenza A viruses (i.e., bird flu viruses) primarily infect birds. (cdc.gov)
There have been human cases of the bird flu , and if the virus were to mutate, it could start to regularly affect human populations just like COVID-19 has. (greenmatters.com)
The first human case of H5N1 bird flu was confirmed in Colorado on April 28 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (azhha.org)
One particular strain of H5N1, called highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), is responsible for the 'bird flu' scares. (scientificamerican.com)
With just two weeks left in 2013 and the release of the latest global statistics of avian influenza and affected areas yesterday, I thought we could look at human H5N1 bird flu by the numbers. (theglobaldispatch.com)

Avian influenza A viruses are classified as low pathogenic or highly pathogenic based on molecular characteristics of the virus and the virus' ability to cause disease and mortality in chickens in a laboratory setting. (cdc.gov)
Wild aquatic birds can be infected with avian influenza A viruses in their intestines and respiratory tract, but usually do not get sick. (cdc.gov)
However, avian influenza A viruses are very contagious among birds and some of these viruses - particularly highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses - can sicken and even kill certain domesticated birds. (cdc.gov)
Only influenza A viruses are known to cause pandemics. (motherjones.com)
Comprehensive surveillance and readiness efforts are ongoing, and CDC continually takes preparedness measures to be ready in case the risk to people from HPAI A(H5N1) or other novel influenza A viruses changes. (cdc.gov)
Since 2005, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses have undergone extensive genetic diversification including the formation of hundreds of genotypes following reassortment with other avian influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
Neither influenza A viruses nor antibodies were detected in any of the samples. (who.int)
1 Currently all known influenza A viruses are naturally maintained in aquatic birds. (who.int)

In addition to total nucleic acid extraction and ribonucleic acid (RNA) separation, the researchers used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to target the conserved site of the influenza A virus (IAV) matrix genes. (news-medical.net)
In this study, we have designed three siRNAs (PB2-2235, PB2-479 and NP-865) targeting PB2 and NP genes of avian influenza virus and evaluated their potential, measured by hemagglutination (HA), plaque reduction and Real time RT-PCR assay, in inhibiting H5N1 virus (A/chicken/Navapur/7972/2006) replication in MDCK cells. (ias.ac.in)
Because of the size differences between HPAI and LPAI HA and NA genes, the two types of sequences can be easily distinguished one the basis of size. (recombinomics.com)
In response, we examined the viral distribution and mRNA expression profiles of immune-related genes in chickens infected with both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
It was an artificial version of the same process through which wild viruses shuffle their genes, known as reassortment. (scientificamerican.com)
Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the hemaggluttinin (HA) and neuraminadase (NA) genes of the dog´s virus showed that they were similar to those of H5N1 viruses isolated from tigers, chickens, ducks, and humans infected in Thailand during the same time that the dog was infected ( Figure 2A and B ). In addition, analysis of 6 other genes from KU-08 showed similar results (data not shown). (flu.org.cn)
The low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 virus is a significant zoonotic agent and contributes genes to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. (bvsalud.org)
PB1, PA and NS showed resemblance to genes from either HPAI-H7N3/H5N1 viruses. (bvsalud.org)

reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated it was positive for influenza A virus but negative for contemporary seasonal human H1pdm09 and H3 influenza A virus subtypes. (cdc.gov)
This science has been used to explore the evolutionary history of virus spread, including different subtypes of influenza. (biomedcentral.com)

Intercontinental virus dispersion would therefore probably require relay transmission between a series of successively infected migratory birds. (britishecologicalsociety.org)
Our results provide a detailed quantitative assessment of the dispersive potential of HPAI H5N1 virus by selected migratory birds. (britishecologicalsociety.org)
In May of 2005 HPAI H5N1 was found in long range migratory birds at Qinghai Lake. (recombinomics.com)
HPAI H5N1 in migratory birds has been well characterized via full sequences from Qinghai Lake , Novosibirsk , and Mongolia . (recombinomics.com)

These appearances also represent a major change in Eurasian H5 virus circulation. (cdc.gov)
Wildlife disease specialists with CDFW recently received confirmation that an adult bobcat died from the Eurasian strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. (ca.gov)
On March 2, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) confirmed a bald eagle found dead in British Columbia, Canada tested positive for the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) Eurasian strain H5N1. (govdelivery.com)

Only countries where highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) sequences from avian species are available are named. (cdc.gov)
The virus continues to be active in non-domesticated bird reservoirs, and incidences of spillover and clinical disease in numerous animal species occur in European nations in 2021. (news-medical.net)
The virus detected in the white stork presented one of those mutations (627K), which suggests that the virus that had spilled over to cats was already partially adapted to mammalian species. (eurosurveillance.org)
These results should be taken into account when developing effective vaccination programs for controlling HPAI in different species of ducks, since we demonstrated that not all duck species respond equally to avian influenza vaccination. (usda.gov)
Although vaccination has proven effective in protecting ducks against disease, different species of domestic ducks appear to respond differently to vaccination, and shedding of the virus may still occur in clinically healthy vaccinated populations. (usda.gov)
In this study we compared the response to vaccination between two common domestic duck species, Pekin and Muscovy, which were vaccinated using one of three different schedules in order to obtain protection to H5N1 HPAI before one month of age. (usda.gov)
This information is important and should be taken into account when developing effective vaccination programs for controlling HPAI in different species of ducks. (usda.gov)
Monitoring work carried out by the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) also confirmed HPAI in other species including raptors, wildfowl, waders, and gamebirds. (bto.org)
Together, Britain and Ireland support 25% of Europe's breeding seabirds, including more than 50% of the world population of species which have been severely impacted by HPAI, such as Great Skua and Gannet. (bto.org)
We analysed the first large-scale data set of wildfowl movements, including 228 birds from 19 species monitored by satellite telemetry in 2006-2009, over HPAI H5N1 affected regions of Asia, Europe and Africa. (britishecologicalsociety.org)
Moreover, the H5N1 virus itself, the Z lineage that we re talking about here, is unusual too because it s altering its genetics as time goes on, and in certain forms is killing ducks, in certain forms is not, in most of its forms it can kill chickens as well as all sorts of other avian species. (scitizen.com)
This general ability to infect and kill a broad spectrum of avian and mammalian species is very unusual even in highly pathogenic avian influenza virus which can kill one or two species but not this broad range of poultries or wild birds. (scitizen.com)
The study concluded that an introduction of the virus into a wild duck population would only affect a limited number of wild avian species and the extent of environmental contamination through faecal shedding would be less than expected. (farmersweekly.co.za)
Phylogeography is a field that focuses on the geographical lineages of species such as vertebrates or viruses [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to the isolation of H5N1 from sick and dying birds at the park, the virus was isolated from apparently healthy birds, include 2 Canada geese (_Branta canadensis_), one bar-headed goose (_Anser indicus_) and 2 other geese of unspecified Anser species (Ellis et al. (drmartinwilliams.com)
Although much has been made of the recent pattern of spread as indicative of avian migration, many ornithologists have indicated that the spread of H5N1 does not fit with known behavior of the bird species in that area of the world (Butler, D. 2005. (drmartinwilliams.com)
Avian influenza H5N1 virus is known to cross the species barrier and infect humans and felines. (flu.org.cn)
2 Occasionally these influenza viruses of avian lineage cross natural species barriers and infect other susceptible bird species and/or mammals including humans, pigs and horses. (who.int)

Whether this virus may acquire the ability to be transmitted via aerosols and cause a future pandemic has been a matter of intense debate in the influenza field and in public health research communities. (flutrackers.com)
The national preparedness plans should be updated, taking guidance from the findings in the present report, to address any emerging pandemic virus as well as attending to surges of seasonal influenza cases. (who.int)
Following the emergence of avian influenza H5N1 and the fear of its pandemic potential, having an adequate preparedness plan became a priority as the World Health Organization (WHO) urged every country to develop and maintain an up-to-date national influenza preparedness plan, and provided guidance on plan content (5). (who.int)
The pandemic burden became recently more significant in the EMR with the sudden surge in human cases of H5N1 in Egypt. (who.int)
Influenza A H5N1 has killed millions of birds and raises serious public health concern because of its potential to spread to humans and cause a global pandemic. (biomedcentral.com)
As with any intensive farming, fur farming takes place in a high-density animal environment that allows for rapid spread of viruses with pandemic potential-and for virus adaptation to animals that would be unlikely to occur in nature. (avianflutalk.com)
Earlier reviews of pandemic influenza is a continuously evolving virus ( 3 ). (who.int)
So far, H5N1 has failed to spark a pandemic because it cannot effectively spread between people. (scientificamerican.com)
Fouchier later added, however, that his mutant virus "does not spread yet like a pandemic or seasonal flu virus" and that the ferrets did not die when infected through aerosol transmission. (scientificamerican.com)

Hence the aim of this project was to develop a competition based ELISA which could detect antibodies to H5N1 enabling the differentiation of vaccinated and infected chickens. (agrifutures.com.au)
HPAI H5N1 was also detected in December in backyard chickens in North Yorkshire. (unog.ch)

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention, HPAI detections do not present an immediate public health concern. (govdelivery.com)
There have been 310 positive detections of HPAI in wild birds in the UK since October 2020. (unog.ch)

There has been a growing interest in phylogeography of zoonotic RNA viruses [ 11 - 13 ] because of their often shorter genomes and rapid evolution compared to other infectious agents [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Phylogeography models of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) suggest Ash Sharqiyah as the origin of virus spread, however the support is weak based on Kullback-Leibler values of 0.09 for HA and 0.01 for NA. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (A) and neuraminidase (B) gene sequences of the H5N1 influenza virus isolated from a dog´s lung. (flu.org.cn)

Among these siRNAs, PB2-2235 offered the highest inhibition of virus replication with 16-fold reduction in virus HA titer, 80% reduction in viral plaque counts and 94% inhibition in expression of specific RNA at 24 h. (ias.ac.in)
Clear differences in response to vaccination were observed, with the Muscovy ducks presenting lower viral antibody titers induced by vaccination and higher number of sick and dead ducks after challenge with a H5N1 HPAI virus. (usda.gov)
All of these viruses are genetically closely related through their H5 haemagglutinin gene, which is the key viral gene influencing pathogenesis, host range, transmission and host immunity. (unog.ch)

Since the first occurrence of HPAI H5N1 human cases in Hong Kong in 1997, the public health threat of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been a major global issue [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the few pieces of published data that addresses the question of H5N1 isolation from wild birds is from the work of colleagues in Hong Kong. (drmartinwilliams.com)

Vaccination of domestic ducks against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has been done in Asia with mixed results. (usda.gov)
Gross photographs of postmortem lesions from red foxes naturally infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, United States. (news-medical.net)
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus is a threat to animal and public health worldwide. (ias.ac.in)
Domestic ducks are key intermediates in the transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, and therefore are included in vaccination programs to control H5N1 HPAI. (usda.gov)
It is referred to as 'highly pathogenic' avian influenza, or HPAI. (bto.org)
Most cases tested in Poland (29 of 47) were positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) virus. (flu.org.cn)
Potential spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wildfowl: dispersal ranges and rates determined from large-scale satellite telemetry. (britishecologicalsociety.org)
In recent years, wildfowl have been suspected of contributing to the rapid geographic spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus. (britishecologicalsociety.org)
So, maybe I should backtrack a little bit just to put the H5N1 situation in prospective with other highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. (scitizen.com)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has spread across Asia, Europe, and Africa. (greenmatters.com)
In previous research using gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we reported that H5N6 AIV isolated in February 2015 (ZH283) in Pallas's sandgrouse was highly similar to that isolated in a human in December 2015 (A/Guangdong/ZQ874/2015), whereas a virus (i.e. (frontiersin.org)
Subscribers are referred to a paper by FAO authors, published on 6 Aug 2005 in the Veterinary Record: Sims LD, Domenech J, Benigno C, Kahn S, Kamata A, Lubroth J, Martin V & Roeder P. (2005) Origin and evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Asia . (drmartinwilliams.com)
OLYMPIA - Washington state now has eight confirmed cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. (qcherald.com)
Gross and microscopic lesions from dog infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. (flu.org.cn)

HA1 sequences of viruses from 3 hooded vultures (A/hooded vulture/Burkina Faso/1-2-5346-10/2006) showed 0.2%-0.5% (3-6 nt) differences. (cdc.gov)
The five sequences reported above (only 5 of the 47 H5's were from Manitoba) do little to address the question of HPAI H5 in the positive birds. (recombinomics.com)
Sequencing could then be used to verify that larger HA inserts or smaller NA inserts contained sequences that matched the published sequences for HPAI H5N1. (recombinomics.com)
Genetic analysis was used to characterize the dog´s virus (KU-08), and the sequences were deposited at GenBank under accession number DQ530170-7. (flu.org.cn)
Genome sequences of H9N2 viruses (2003-2020) from India were analyzed, revealing several substitutions. (bvsalud.org)

Ducks have been implicated in the dissemination and evolution of H5N1 HPAI viruses. (usda.gov)

Influenza A(H5N1) viruses from cats possessed two amino acid substitutions in the PB2 protein (526R and 627K) which are two molecular markers of virus adaptation in mammals. (eurosurveillance.org)
This molecular finding suggests that virus spread from mammals to birds cannot be excluded. (avianflutalk.com)
Molecular assay results for oral and cloacal swab samples and major organ and brain samples from one falcon were positive for influenza A and H5 viruses. (cdc.gov)

HPAI A (H5N1) has spread over Europe and the US from October 2021 onward. (news-medical.net)

This is the first detection of the virus in a wild mammal in the state. (ca.gov)
The widespread detection of H5 raised the possibility of HPAI H5N1 migration into North America from Europe or Asia. (recombinomics.com)
Ideally early detection and stamping out is the preferred method of controlling HPAI. (agrifutures.com.au)

Phylogeography can highlight the drivers of H5N1 emergence and spread. (biomedcentral.com)

Antibodies to influenza viruses (including the human A2-Asian-57 strain) in sera from Australian shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus). (cdc.gov)

Earlier this year, the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) confirmed HPAI in wild waterfowl in the Atlantic Flyway, on the east coast. (govdelivery.com)

Like HPAI H5N1 in domestic birds in Asia, all wild bird isolates have a multi-basic HA cleavage site containing the sequence RRRKKR as well as an N1 with a 20 amino acid deletion. (recombinomics.com)
Findings suggest the viruses have lost some capability for transmission within the natural wild bird systems. (farmersweekly.co.za)
I am in complete agreement with the anonymous ProMED contributor for the request for more information on the role of H5N1 and wild birds in the evolving situation in Asia [see commentary to posting 20050822.2475]. (drmartinwilliams.com)
Some observations on the circulation of influenza viruses in domestic and wild birds. (cdc.gov)
Haemagglutination-inhibiting activity to type a influenza viruses in the sera of wild birds from the far east of the USSR. (cdc.gov)
The genome of the airborne strain differed from the original one by just five mutations, which have all been spotted individually in wild viruses. (scientificamerican.com)
More practically, the research could allow public-health workers to monitor wild viruses for similar mutations that make H5N1 more dangerous to humans. (scientificamerican.com)

The location of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) makes it important for influenza A virus circulation, as EMR countries lie under four of the eight global migratory bird flyways: Central Asia-India, West Asia-Africa, Mediterranean-Black Sea, and East Atlantic (8). (who.int)

Movement of birds, including annual migration, is only one of several possible means of dissemination of the HPAI H5N1 virus. (drmartinwilliams.com)

The effect of siRNA on H5N1 virus replication continued till 48h (maximum observation period). (ias.ac.in)
These findings suggest that PB2-2235 could efficiently inhibit HPAI H5N1 virus replication. (ias.ac.in)

For Egypt, future work should focus on using data about vaccination and live bird markets in phylogeography models to study their impact on H5N1 diffusion within the country. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccination has been shown to be effective at eradicating HPAI but only when used in combination with serological monitoring to detect field exposure to HPAI through a process called DIVA - differentiating infected from vaccinated animals. (agrifutures.com.au)

Very few countries in Eurasia are now free of the virus. (scitizen.com)

Thus, appropriate inserts can be run on gels to immediately determine detectable HPAI inserts in HA and NA. (recombinomics.com)

These individuals are being monitored for symptoms and additional respiratory specimens are being obtained and re-tested for influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
Clinicians should contact their county health department to arrange testing for influenza A(H5N1) virus, collect respiratory specimens using personal protective equipment, consider starting empiric antiviral treatment and encourage the patient to isolate at home. (azhha.org)
Influenza virus is a major respiratory pathogen that infects an average of 5−15% of the global population each year, with approximately 500 000 human deaths related to influenza annually. (who.int)

This was followed several years later by the first isolation of a HPAI virus, A/Brescia/1902 (H7N7). (scitizen.com)

The H5N1 virus can infect humans and other mammals, but with some difficulty. (scitizen.com)

Identified close contacts tested negative, so no further spread of the virus was observed. (poultrymed.com)
However, HPAI H5N1 viruses reappeared in 2003, spread across continents, and sickened 826 patients from 2003 to March 31, 2015 [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While the greatest impact to date has been in the Western Cape, the virus is now continuing to spread primarily in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal. (usda.gov)
After the reported spread of HPAI H5N1 virus in Asia, a large, interagency avian influenza virus, or AIV, surveillance effort was implemented throughout the United States during April 2006 to March of 2011. (cdc.gov)
During these last months, we ve assisted to the spread of the H5N1 virus across much of the globe. (scitizen.com)
2003. Avian Dis 47:1015-1021), movement of people and contaminated farm equipment can rapidly spread the virus from one locale to another. (drmartinwilliams.com)
You do not need H2H spread if H5N1 is able to spread very well from birds into humans. (avianflutalk.com)
After 10 rounds, the virus could spread through the air to infect ferrets in neighboring cages. (scientificamerican.com)

It s been very difficult to control and we are getting more new countries added to the list of those infected with the HPAI H5N1 Z- lineage as time goes on. (scitizen.com)

From a virus stand point, a life cycle always begins with receptor binding to susceptible the cell, the specificity of the virus receptor interactions are a component of host range, and so it s known that human influenza viruses bind to receptors that are slightly different from those sialic acid containing receptors that are in birds. (scitizen.com)

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