• Dissemination of pathogens from a primary site of colonization or infection can occur via different routes, including lymphatic vessels and the blood stream ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, we previously established an ex vivo human whole-blood infection model that allowed us to define which immune cells interact with the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans ( 4 ), to identify cross-talk between different components of the host response ( 5 ), and to detect substantial differences between related fungal pathogens ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Bacterial and viral pathogens are masters of exploiting weak points to establish infection and cause devastating diseases. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • This review considers the emerging importance of senescence in the host-pathogen interaction: we discuss the pathogen exploitation of ageing cells and senescence as a novel hijack target of bacterial pathogens that deploys senescence-inducing toxins to promote infection. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • The persistent induction of senescence by pathogens, mediated directly through virulence determinants or indirectly through inflammation and chronic infection, also contributes to age-related pathologies such as cancer. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • This review highlights the dichotomous role of senescence in infection: an innate defence that is exploited by pathogens to cause disease. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Full recovery entails the achievement of physiological (and immunological) homeostasis in the host, and the length of time this takes will depend on the nature and severity of the infection and whether there has been any prophylactic or therapeutic intervention. (immunology.org)
  • The main advantage of the larval zebrafish model is that we can visualize immune cell pathogen interactions and infection progression inside a live host animal throughout a multi-day infection. (jove.com)
  • The Smith Lab @ Duke MGM investigate the host-pathogen interactions that underlie tuberculosis infection. (duke.edu)
  • Some (relatively few) microbes can infect essentially all human hosts who are exposed to the particular microbe AND cause essentially the same sort of infection and disease symptoms in every infected person. (wikiversity.org)
  • Most microbes are more efficient at infecting some people than others and many microbes can cause several different types of disease depending on the type of infection (for example, depending on the site of infection) and variations in host-microbe interactions. (wikiversity.org)
  • infection, have been "subverted" by certain pathogens by unique evolutionary adaptations of their surface glycome to gain host entry, and the acquisition of effective mechanisms to evade the host's immune responses. (nsf.gov)
  • 4 NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (nih.gov)
  • Our lab studies Legionella infection and host interaction. (cornell.edu)
  • Electron tomography reveals four classes of cytopathic vesicles-II (CPV-II) stemming from the host Golgi apparatus after Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Host immune response to influenza infection is conveyed through the display of experimentally determined antibody and T-cell epitopes curated from the scientific literature or as derived from computational predictions. (mssm.edu)
  • 2018 mBio], we set out to map the genetic circuitry in both the fungus and the host macrophage that leads to pyroptosis, and determine the impact of altered pyroptosis on infection. (microbialcell.com)
  • Accordingly, the mechanisms by which bats tolerate virulent pathogens (and whether such patterns hold across both bat and pathogen taxa) remain poorly understood.The gaps in our understanding of bat-pathogen interactions have been exacerbated by limited integration among field studies of the bat immune response to infection, in vitro and in vivo experimental tests, and modeling frameworks that cross scales of biological organization. (frontiersin.org)
  • op den Brouw, ML 2010, ' Dendritic cells in Hepatitis B virus infection: Host-pathogen interaction and immune modulation ', Erasmus University Rotterdam. (eur.nl)
  • My research has centred on investigating fungal pathogenesis and virulence, focussing mainly on the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans and mouse models of infection. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • More recently, my research has extended into examining host responses, particularly immune responses, during infection in mice. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • By examining host responses to different C. albicans clinical isolates, I have demonstrated that low virulence isolates stimulate a lower innate immune response than more virulent isolates and that it is the early host response that determines infection outcome (PLoS One, 2009). (abdn.ac.uk)
  • The central nervous system (CNS) is extremely resistant to infection by bacterial pathogens due to a combination of protective effects of its bony structures (skull and vertebral column), the meninges, and the blood-brain barrier. (medscape.com)
  • I am mainly interested in the processes of disease ecology, principally the interactions between the host-microbiome and pathogens, as well as co-infection processes. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Thus, my PhD research aims to understand the I) epidemiology and aetiology of Fusarium pathogens, II) interaction of the host-associated bacterial microbiome and fungal mycobiome with Fusariosis infection and hatching success of the yellow-spotted Amazon river turtle, and III) effects of pollution and forest fragmentation on the microbiome and how these stressors can affect disease susceptibility and adaptability processes. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Associations of natural variation in the cd163 and other candidate genes on host response of nursery pigs to PRRSV infection. (usda.gov)
  • Figure 4.3 illustrates the concept of how infection and illness are assumed to occur as a result of the ingestion of a pathogen. (fao.org)
  • There are multiple barriers within the human body that the ingested pathogen needs to successfully pass in order to arrive at an appropriate site in the body at which the infection and subsequent illness can be initiated. (fao.org)
  • For example, the authors of a recent article suggested that tolerance-based treatment of HIV infection -focused on increasing the infected patient's ability to remain well despite high HIV load (host tolerance) rather than reducing viral load (host resistance)-could be "evolution-proof," although evolution of the virus toward greater virulence remains a possibility. (cdc.gov)
  • Similarly, by using host gene microarrays, one can explore host response at the level of gene expression and provide a molecular description of the events that follow infection. (medscape.com)
  • His interests are in the development and use of molecular methods for pathogen discovery, human microbial ecology, genomewide host and microbial responses to infection, and Bordetella pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • The student shall also understand host-pathogen interactions and the infection processes from both a mechanistic and an evolutionary perspective. (lu.se)
  • The course deals with pathogenic microorganisms, the function of the immune system, host pathogenic interactions and the course of infection from a mechanistic and an evolutionary perspective. (lu.se)
  • This article is confined to human microbial pathogens, although plant and animal pathogens are also widespread in nature. (immunology.org)
  • 3) destroying elements of the immune system (e.g. the structures which present microbial antigens to immune effectors to initiate a response in the host). (immunology.org)
  • Mammalian host cells have also evolved an array of pattern recognition receptors for microbes or microbial factors, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which when bound, trigger intracellular signalling cascade(s) with antimicrobial effects. (immunology.org)
  • Many microbial infections are called "endogenous infections" because they are caused by microbes that normally are found on the surface of human hosts. (wikiversity.org)
  • Thus, this evidence has established a newparadigm by which galectins can function not only as pattern recognition receptors but also as effector factors, by binding to the microbial surface and inhibiting adhesion and/or entry into the host cell, directly killing the potential pathogen by disrupting its surface structures, or by promoting phagocytosis, encapsulation, autophagy, and pathogen clearance from circulation. (nsf.gov)
  • Marasmus SAM was characterized by lower microbial richness and biomass, significant enrichments in Enterobacteriaceae, altered interactions between specific Enterobacteriaceae and key energy regulating hormones and their receptors. (nih.gov)
  • We aim to employ MPM and LSFM in combination with dual-color PALM/ d STORM to 3D tissue models to study microbial infections by human pathogens. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Our investigators study all aspects of infectious disease ranging from the fundamental science of microbial pathogens to the clinical outcomes of the infections they cause. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Typically, human feeding trial data has been used to describe this relationship for several microbial pathogens. (fao.org)
  • Complete genomic sequences of microbial pathogens and hosts offer sophisticated new strategies for studying host-pathogen interactions. (medscape.com)
  • The complex interaction between a microbial pathogen and a host is the underlying basis of infectious disease. (medscape.com)
  • By understanding the molecular details of this interaction, we can identify virulence-associated microbial genes and host-defense strategies and characterize the cues to which they respond and mechanisms by which they are regulated. (medscape.com)
  • Whilst many bacterial pathogens are intracellular in nature, others do not need to invade the host cell, but instead use various secretion processes which effect the delivery of toxins and other virulence factors into the host cell. (immunology.org)
  • The deficiency of immunologic components in the CNS is crucial, as specific antibody and complement components are essential for opsonization of encapsulated bacterial pathogens and their efficient phagocytosis and elimination. (medscape.com)
  • The outcome of an encounter with Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) depends on the pathogen's ability to adapt to the variable immune pressures exerted by the host. (elifesciences.org)
  • Characterize host and bacterial pathways that are important in Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in the host and identify targets whose inhibition will render Mtb more susceptible to host defenses. (cornell.edu)
  • The lab is interested in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and explores the mechanisms by which this pathogen establishes and maintains persistent infections. (cornell.edu)
  • The BioHealthBase Bioinformatics Resource Center (BRC) (www.biohealthbase.org) is a public bioinformatics database and analysis resource for the study of specific biodefense and public health pathogens - Influenza virus, Francisella tularensis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Microsporidia species and ricin toxin. (mssm.edu)
  • Mycobacterium marinum, a relatively rapid-growing fish and human pathogen, has become an important model for the investigation of mycobacterial pathogenesis. (tamu.edu)
  • His team's work identified molecular cascades used by certain types of intracellular bacteria such as Shigella flexneri , Salmonella enterica , and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, enabling them to access the host cell cytosol. (pasteur.fr)
  • Because of this, the definition has been expanded to how known pathogens survive within their host, whether they cause disease or not. (wikipedia.org)
  • The specific roles that gut microbiota, known pathogens, and host energy-regulating hormones play in the pathogenesis of non-edematous severe acute malnutrition (marasmus SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) during outpatient nutritional rehabilitation are yet to be explored. (nih.gov)
  • Both immunological and bacterial traits can be associated with genetic variants distributed across the mouse genome, making the CC a unique population for identifying specific host-pathogen genetic interactions that influence pathogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
  • The characteristics of the organism itself, e.g. mechanism of pathogenesis, virulence factors, and resistance to host factors such as gastric acidity and immune response. (fao.org)
  • However, more of this type of data is unlikely to be produced due to ethical concerns, especially for highly virulent pathogens. (fao.org)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. (jove.com)
  • PTT has a longer cultivated host association and, notably, a greater range of host-pathogen genetic interactions compared to other Pyrenophora spp. (edu.au)
  • The immunology of enzyme inhibitors synthesized in the host cells are summarized in this article, with case studies in mammal species, insect species, plant species. (natural-foundation-science.org)
  • Now molecular methods are enabling much closer inspection of pathogen-host interactions and bridging the fields of microbiology and immunology. (cdc.gov)
  • My laboratory focuses on the impact of pathogens and the microbiota on body homeostasis. (cornell.edu)
  • Our findings highlight the critical role of the local environment in establishing the gut microbiota in very early life, and identify colonization with antimicrobial-resistance-containing opportunistic pathogens as a previously underappreciated risk factor in hospital births. (nature.com)
  • C. albicans is a human fungal pathogen that can also exist as a normal member of the healthy human mucosal microbiota. (microbialcell.com)
  • The host-pathogen interaction is defined as how microbes or viruses sustain themselves within host organisms on a molecular, cellular, organismal or population level. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the molecular and cellular level, microbes can infect the host and divide rapidly, causing disease by being there and causing a homeostatic imbalance in the body, or by secreting toxins which cause symptoms to appear. (wikipedia.org)
  • Influenza virus host-pathogen interactions at the molecular/cellular and systemic levels are represented. (mssm.edu)
  • At the molecular/cellular level, the BioHealthBase BRC has developed biological pathway representations relevant to influenza virus host-pathogen interaction in collaboration with the Reactome database (www.reactome.org). (mssm.edu)
  • Jost Enninga's research relates to host-pathogenic bacteria interactions at cellular and molecular level. (pasteur.fr)
  • The GRK consortium provides an ideal environment to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and highly innovative research to quantitatively elucidate host-pathogen interactions at unprecedented molecular, cellular, microanatomical and functional detail in a unique setting that mimics the onset and progression of infectious diseases in a human tissue environment. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens is the only book to bring you all of this information--22 chapters--in a single volume, compiled by specialists around the globe! (routledge.com)
  • With helpful illustrations, photos, figures, models that explain viral mechanisms, and easy-to-understand reference tables, Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens will stimulate your thinking on this fascinating area of plant science! (routledge.com)
  • With toll-like receptor (TLR)-5 and TLR-4/MD2/CD-14 complex, macrophages recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as flagella and lipopolysaccharides. (medscape.com)
  • There will be involved gene engineering and molecular biology methods such as PCR, SDS-PAGE, qPCR, western blot, DNA-protein interaction assays, flow cytometry etc. (lu.se)
  • HIV and hepatitis B are viral infections caused by blood-borne pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hematogenous is by far the most frequent route for systemic infections of various bacterial and fungal pathogens, in the most severe cases leading to blood stream infections ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Matched large-scale culturing and whole-genome sequencing of over 800 bacterial strains from these babies identified virulence factors and clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance in opportunistic pathogens that may predispose individuals to opportunistic infections. (nature.com)
  • Yet, to date allogeneic HCT is facing three major challenges: First, adequate immune reconstitution and control of infections, second, overreaching immune responses that can result in life-threatening graft-versus-host disease and, third, impaired immune effector functions that are not sufficient to control the underlying disease, e.g. eliminating remaining leukemic cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Since the emergence of fungal pathogens is increasing considerably, investigating the interaction of the host-associated microbiome and fungal infections is timely. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Since the incidence of fungal systemic infections drastically increased over the last years, it is a major goal to investigate the pathobiology of A. fumigatus and in particular the interactions of A. fumigatus conidia with immune cells. (ilrs.de)
  • Our group is interested in the research of clinically relevant bacterial species that mainly cause upper and lower airway infections and their interactions with the host. (lu.se)
  • 2022 ) Gene Expression Regulation in Airway Pathogens: Importance for Otitis Media. (lu.se)
  • 2022 ) Protein domain-dependent vesiculation of Lipoprotein A, a protein that is important in cell wall synthesis and fitness of the human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae . (lu.se)
  • The 'pathogenic potential' of this microbe to cause disease depends on both the fungal virulence factors and the host immune responses. (microbialcell.com)
  • JCVI projects focus on elucidating gene pathways, understanding host responses and ultimately developing new anti-fungal treatments. (jcvi.org)
  • Expansion of the Emerging Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus bacillisporus Into America: Linking Phylogenetic Origin, Geographical Spread and Population Under Exposure Risk. (cdc.gov)
  • Check out new collaborative papers on host susceptibility loci with the Coers Lab and on ancient Mycobacterial effectors with the Tobin lab . (duke.edu)
  • Understanding these interactions can allow us to extend the knowledge about the susceptibility and the adaptability of host species threatened by new emerging diseases. (uni-ulm.de)
  • To prevent clearance by the host immune system, they remodel their host cells by secreting proteins that co-opt, or interfere with host cell functions. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • In the lab we use a combination of unbiased genetic screens and reverse genetics to uncover the function of the secreted proteins in host-pathogen interaction. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • Another serious human pathogen, Bacillus anthracis, causative of anthrax , has well-developed virulence mechanisms involving the secretion of three proteins, one of which, protective antigen (PA), binds host cell receptors to effect entry of either lethal factor (LF) or edema factor (EF). (immunology.org)
  • As part of the interaction with innate immune cells, C. albicans can induce pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death that depends on the NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 proteins. (microbialcell.com)
  • These proteins form an inflammasome protein complex that activates caspase-1, allowing it to cleave gasdermin D, resulting in a gasdermin fragment that can form pores in the host cell membrane. (microbialcell.com)
  • Our project offers a unique opportunity for Master's student to gain hands-on experience focused on transcriptional regulators with importance in expression of genes of outer membrane proteins that are essential in host-pathogen interaction. (lu.se)
  • Virulence generally involves the employment of various mechanisms to destroy, or cause the malfunction of, host cells. (immunology.org)
  • To sustain their virulence mechanisms, many bacteria can sequester free iron in the mammalian host, through the elaboration of iron-binding siderophores. (immunology.org)
  • Thus to protect itself from such virulence mechanisms, the host cell fights back by synthesising siderocalin receptors which competitively bind iron. (immunology.org)
  • Probiotics are commensal or nonpathogenic microbes that confer beneficial effects on the host through several mechanisms such as competitive exclusion, antibacterial effects, and modulation of immune responses. (hindawi.com)
  • Host defense mechanisms that are normally seen in other areas of the body are inadequate in the CNS for preventing bacterial replication and progression of the disease process. (medscape.com)
  • Toxoplasma and Plasmodium falciparum are two distantly related eukaryotic, single cell parasites of humans and animals that live and replicate in cells of their eukaryotic host. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • The interaction of humans with disease-causing bacteria is often thought of in terms of a host-invader interaction. (wikiversity.org)
  • SCIN infects a broad range of animal species, including horses, humans, pigs, which is evolved into strong adaptiveness through genome modification (such as by gene communications with external genetic segments aiming to host-invasion interactions). (natural-foundation-science.org)
  • In the contest between humans and pathogens, each faction has an evolutionary advantage: we have the brains to plot antimicrobial strategies but they have the means to defeat them through rapid reproduction, genetic selection, and recombination. (cdc.gov)
  • In this manuscript, we have developed and clinically validated a novel method for the direct detection of amphiphilic pathogen biomarkers indicative of bacteremia, directly in aqueous blood, by mimicking innate immune recognition. (listlabs.com)
  • A key aspect of the interaction between C. albicans and innate immune cells is the ability of C. albicans to induce macrophage pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death program. (microbialcell.com)
  • The lysogenic cycle, however, is when the viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome, allowing it to go unnoticed by the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many of the more than 30 bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens that are transmissible sexually, including HIV, are transmitted predominantly through sexual intercourse. (who.int)
  • However, our understanding of how pathogens interact with cellular and humoral host factors in blood is limited, mainly due to technical issues: While it is relatively easy to study the interaction of pathogens with isolated blood cells, or their survival in serum or plasma, such approaches lack the complexity of interactions between different types of immune cells and additional factors, e.g., complement, present in blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our findings suggest that marasmus SAM is characterized by the collapse of a complex system with nested interactions and key associations between the gut microbiome, enteric pathogens, and energy regulating hormones. (nih.gov)
  • The human microbiome has an important role in protecting the human host against colonization by harmful invaders and keeping their numbers in check. (cdc.gov)
  • Automated image analysis of the host-pathogen interaction between phagocytes and Aspergillus fumigatus . (ilrs.de)
  • Mech F, Thywissen A, Guthke R, Brakhage AA, Figge MT (2011) Automated image analysis of the host-pathogen interaction between phagocytes and Aspergillus fumigatus . (ilrs.de)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous airborne fungus and opportunistic human pathogen. (ilrs.de)
  • Whole-blood models can help to elucidate host-pathogens interactions and have been used for several Candida species in human blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • In general, infectious diseases can emerge from 2 distinct scenarios: 1) the geographic spread of a novel pathogen into a new area with naive hosts or 2) a shift in pathogenicity or host specificity of an endemic pathogen as a result of environmental changes that alter host-pathogen interactions ( 25 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The goal of the BioHealthBase is to facilitate the development of therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines by integrating all available data in the context of host-pathogen interactions, thus allowing researchers to understand the root causes of virulence and pathogenicity. (mssm.edu)
  • 8.Sarkar J, Guha R. Infectivity, virulence, pathogenicity, host-pathogen interactions of SARS and SARS-CoV-2 in experimental animals: a systematic review. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pathogenic fungi have substantial effects on global biodiversity, and 2 emerging pathogenic species-the chytridiomycete Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis , which causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, and the ascomycete Geomyces destructans , which causes white-nose syndrome in hibernating bats-are implicated in the widespread decline of their vertebrate hosts. (cdc.gov)
  • Fungi and fungus-like organisms have been recognized historically as prominent plant pathogens that can have detrimental effects on agricultural crops and wild flora ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • There are 3 main types of pathogen: bacteria, viruses and fungi. (wikiversity.org)
  • Not all bacteria and fungi are pathogens - pathogens are microbes that cause disease. (wikiversity.org)
  • Many pathogens also deploy diverse immune evasion tactics in the host to achieve host cell invasion and colonisation and may successfully exploit host cells to access target tissues. (immunology.org)
  • Viruses can also infect the host with virulent DNA, which can affect normal cell processes (transcription, translation, etc.), protein folding, or evading the immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • this is when the virus inserts its DNA or RNA into the host cell, replicates, and eventually causes the cell to lyse, releasing more viruses into the environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses such as Varicella zoster ( chickenpox ) and Herpesviridae ( herpes simplex viruses, Varicella-Zoster virus, cytomegalovirus etc ) can hide from the immune system in neurons and non-neuronal cells where they may persist for many years, before emerging in pathogenic form when the host has a lowered resistance. (immunology.org)
  • Strikingly, some viruses, bacteria, and protistan parasites take advantage of the aforementioned recognition roles of the vector/host galectins, for successful attachment and invasion. (nsf.gov)
  • Bats have been increasingly identified as hosts for zoonotic pathogens, including but not limited to viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. (frontiersin.org)
  • Vector-borne pathogens not currently found in the United States, such as chikungunya, Chagas disease, and Rift Valley fever viruses, are also threats. (cdc.gov)
  • How do obligate intracellular parasites remodel your host cells to survive in a host? (gulbenkian.pt)
  • This review will update our knowledge on this intracellular pathogen and highlight the most recent breakthroughs. (pasteur.fr)
  • We leveraged the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse panel in conjunction with a library of Mtb mutants to create a resource for associating bacterial genetic requirements with host genetics and immunity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Such shifts can alter disease incidence depending on vector-host interaction, host immunity, and pathogen evolution. (cdc.gov)
  • causative of melioidosis or glanders ) have multiple secretion processes through which they deliver virulence factors into the host cell. (immunology.org)
  • Global analysis of Mtb transposon mutant fitness (TnSeq) across the CC panel revealed that many virulence pathways are only required in specific host microenvironments, identifying a large fraction of the pathogen's genome that has been maintained to ensure fitness in a diverse population. (elifesciences.org)
  • Check out how we combine diverse Mammalian and Mycobacterial genetics to map the host-interacting with pathogen loci (hipQTL) across the genome. (duke.edu)
  • a property which associates better with genome size than pathogen lifestyle. (edu.au)
  • As of August 10, 2000, draft sequence was available for 87% of the human genome (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/seq/), and at least 39 prokaryotic genomes, including those of more than a dozen human pathogens, had been completely sequenced https://www.tigr.org/tdb/mdb/mdbcomplete.html). (medscape.com)
  • Many pathogenic bacteria, such as food-borne Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum, secrete toxins into the host to cause symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • This causes an immune response, resulting in common symptoms as phagocytes break down the bacteria within the host. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many of the bacteria aid in the breaking down of nutrients for the host and, in return, our bodies act as their ecosystem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specifically, we have exploited the interaction of amphiphilic pathogen biomarkers such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria and lipoteichoic acids (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria with host lipoprotein carriers in blood, in order to develop two tailored assays - lipoprotein capture and membrane insertion - for their direct detection. (listlabs.com)
  • The bacteria then induce their host macrophages to attract more macrophages. (medscape.com)
  • Bacteria that do not reinfect the host are typically shed in the stool and are then available to infect other hosts. (medscape.com)
  • Promising areas of investigation such as the increasingly recognized relevance for the infectious process, of RNA-mediated regulations in the bacterium, and the role of bacterially controlled posttranslational and epigenetic modifications in the host will also be discussed. (pasteur.fr)
  • Infectious disease transmission is sensitive to local, small-scale differences in weather, human modification of the landscape, the diversity of animal hosts, and human behavior that affects vector-human contact, among other factors. (cdc.gov)
  • The models highlighted areas where pathogens of infectious disease were dispersed locally by examining the interactions between vectors, reservoirs and susceptible people (hosts) in a spatially explicit environment. (lu.se)
  • Host profiling might also identify gene expression signatures unique for each pathogen, thus providing a novel tool for diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of infectious disease. (medscape.com)
  • Fish monocytes as a model for mycobacterial host-pathogen interactions. (tamu.edu)
  • We conclude from these observations that monocytic cells from fish, a natural host for M. marinum, provide an extremely valuable model for the identification and characterization of mycobacterial virulence determinants in the laboratory. (tamu.edu)
  • disruption of normal host tissue functions due to immune system response to an otherwise harmless microbe. (wikiversity.org)
  • Thus, our research focuses on the interactions of the immune system with pathogens, cancer and the tissue environment [3-6]. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • However, there are many types of human-microbe interactions, so we need a more complex understanding of micro-organisms and their roles in normal human health and disease processes. (wikiversity.org)
  • The various types of human-microbe interactions are the result of hundreds of millions of years of interactions between animals and micro-organisms. (wikiversity.org)
  • We often speak of "the human body" and "human-microbe interactions" but it is wrong to think that all people have similar interactions with micro-organisms. (wikiversity.org)
  • Metagenomic studies are revealing that human-microbe interactions are more complex and dynamic than previously imagined and that our use of antibiotics may have unanticipated consequences. (cdc.gov)
  • Taken together, these results demonstrate the significance of biochemistry in both our understanding of host-pathogen biology, and development of assay methodology, as well as demonstrate a potential new approach for the rapid, sensitive and accurate diagnosis of bacteremia at the point of need. (listlabs.com)
  • Functional genomics is a powerful approach to examine gene function and identify the genes governing this host-pathogen interface. (microbialcell.com)
  • We developed an imaging-based screen to examine the interaction between C. albicans and macrophages, with a focus on genes that are required for the induction of pyroptosis. (microbialcell.com)
  • This term is most commonly used to refer to disease-causing microorganisms although they may not cause illness in all hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since then, many other organisms have been identified as pathogens, such as H. pylori and E. coli, which have allowed scientists to develop antibiotics to combat these harmful microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The definition states that probiotics are "live strains of strictly selected microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. (hindawi.com)
  • In the United States, the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed dramatically in the last few decades, primarily due to the introduction of vaccination against common meningeal pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • Each of these different types of organisms can then be further classified as a pathogen based on its mode of transmission. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we report the disrupted transmission of maternal Bacteroides strains, and high-level colonization by opportunistic pathogens associated with the hospital environment (including Enterococcus , Enterobacter and Klebsiella species), in babies delivered by caesarean section. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 4: Extensive and frequent colonization of babies delivered by caesarean section with diverse opportunistic pathogens. (nature.com)
  • Iron is an essential component of metabolism in both the host and the micro-organism. (immunology.org)
  • We are interested in the chemical biology of metabolism as a mediator of the host-pathogen interaction. (cornell.edu)
  • Climate is one of the factors that influence the distribution of diseases borne by vectors (such as fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes, which spread pathogens that cause illness). (cdc.gov)
  • The Cell Biology of Host - Pathogen Interaction Lab wants to find out how these parasites manage to infect human cells, how they evade the immune system, how they move through the body, and how they emerge to infect other people. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • Retroviruses: Biology, Evolution, and Host-Virus. (hhmi.org)
  • Any microorganism which is able to cause disease in a host organism is termed a pathogen . (immunology.org)
  • The probability that the organism is able to survive and infect the host once it is ingested. (fao.org)
  • The characteristics of the food in which the pathogen is carried, e.g. a food with high fat content will protect the organism from the gastric acidity of the stomach. (fao.org)
  • Given the large surface area and extensive ventilation of the lung, it is prone to exposure to airborne substances, such as pathogens, allergens, chemicals, and particulate matter. (cdc.gov)
  • We use cell-biological and biochemical approaches to study protein function and aim to put it all into context of the co-evolution of the parasite and the host. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • By doing so we hope to learn i) basic principles of pathogen evolution, ii) what makes one parasite strain more lethal than another, iii) how pathogens achieve tolerance in a host which is ultimately required for success, iv) learn about the immune response and v) identify therapeutic entry points that may allow development of intervention strategies. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • Effect of the host genotype at a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) resistance marker on evolution of the modified-live PRRS vaccine virus in pigs. (usda.gov)
  • Furthermore, if bacteremia or fungemia occurs transiently or intermittingly, pathogens might not be detectable in every blood sample during hematogenous dissemination ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In immunocompromised hosts, the fungus can cause life-threatening diseases like invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. (ilrs.de)
  • Exposures can be conducted using particulates, aerosols, gases, vapors generated from volatile and semi-volatile substances, and respiratory pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • Although toxicity evaluations using human airway ALI models require further standardization and validation, this approach shows promise in supplementing or replacing in vivo animal models for conducting research on respiratory toxicants and pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • You will also employ functional assays investigating host-pathogen interactions in vitro, such as serum bactericidal assay or adherence to eukaryotic cells. (lu.se)