• It's been 2 years since the last meeting, and just like last time, this year's schedule looks packed with great parasitology talks ranging from parasite cell biology to disease transmission and control, featuring a wide cast not restricted to Plasmodium and Trypanosomes. (nature.com)
  • An overview of trematode1 parasitology from the evolution and creation perspectives is presented, including a discussion of the design-like features of these parasites. (creationresearch.org)
  • International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. (cornell.edu)
  • This module will introduce the main issues in parasitology, the host parasite interaction and how it drives evolutionary changes, the disease burden caused by parasites and how parasite infections can be treated/minimised. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The role of the variability in host phenotypic responses (immunology and behaviour) and of the coevolution between the hosts and the vector tick for the ecology and evolution of such interactions at different scales will continue to be studied. (institut-polaire.fr)
  • Studies of host-parasite interactions rarely take into account the fact that different steps might be influenced by different factors and might, therefore, make different contributions to shaping coevolution. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Host-type-independent spore activation suggests that this step can be ruled out as a major factor in Daphnia-Pasteuria coevolution. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The geographic mosaic theory of coevolution is stimulating much new research on interspecific interactions. (nature.com)
  • Antagonistic coevolution of parasite infectivity and host resistance may alter the biological functionality of species, yet these dynamics in nature are still poorly understood. (jyu.fi)
  • The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum relies on an exchange of metabolites with the host for proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Recent successes in malaria control are threatened by drug-resistant Plasmodium parasites and insecticide-resistant Anopheles mosquitoes, and first generation vaccines offer only partial protection. (figshare.com)
  • In this study, we discuss host-parasite interactions at the different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle within the mammalian host and the potential for therapeutics that prevent parasite migration, invasion, intracellular growth, or egress from host cells, as well as parasite-induced pathology. (figshare.com)
  • The papers published feature a wide array of parasites , and although Plasmodium (11 articles) and Trypanosomes (x5) clearly dominate the list, we've also featured Toxoplasma (x2), Onchocerca (x2), Leishmania, Babesia and microsporidia. (nature.com)
  • Together, these genomes and associated functional data elucidate key aspects of the molecular host-parasite interactions that define chronic whipworm infection. (nature.com)
  • Background: Infection processes consist of a sequence of steps, each critical for the interaction between host and parasite. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Our study underlines the importance of resolving the infection process in order to better understand host-parasite interactions. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • A baseline study was preformed to determine the prevalence, intensity, and histologic features of E. ignotus infection in F. grandis, and this study serves as the first description of its kind for this host-parasite model. (clemson.edu)
  • This result could suggest that parasites are influencing the health of these hosts making them more prone to infection by parasites (i.e., susceptibility is higher when mercury levels are higher). (ecu.edu)
  • Research on host-parasite interactions has increased our understanding concerning the origin of mechanisms of invasion, virulence of the different strains, host genetic susceptibility to infection, the immune response to this parasite, retinal compromise and differences in clinical manifestations owing to the host-parasite interplay. (urosario.edu.co)
  • In veterinary medicine, many different genotypic profiles have also been reported in a wide range of domestic and wild intermediate hosts, some of which are considered sources of infection for humans, and others, just sentinels 1 , 4 - 6 . (rsbmt.org.br)
  • These include dose, parasite stage, initiating infection, parasite genotype, host genotype, and various factors that affect the host's immune status, especially interaction of, and concomitant infection with other pathogens 7 . (rsbmt.org.br)
  • They also vary in metacercarial cyst shape and thickness, location of infection within the second intermediate host, and the specific host type. (creationresearch.org)
  • Upon infection of the host erythrocyte, mature B. microti trophozoites undergo asynchronous asexual budding and divide into 2 or 4 merozoites. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, mice vaccinated with rSmLEV1 show a slightly reduced parasite burden upon challenge infection and significantly reduced granuloma volumes, compared with control animals. (bvsalud.org)
  • The main species of schistosomes that cause infection in humans are capable of generating a microenvironment that allows survival of the parasite by evasion of the immune response. (bvsalud.org)
  • This Research Topic will focus on host responses during initial events of infections caused by parasites. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this Research Topic, we seek Reviews, Mini-Reviews, Perspectives, Brief Research Reports, and Original Research Articles focusing on the knowledge surrounding initial events of innate host immune response to infections caused by parasites, such as phagocytosis, autophagy, and intracellular survival mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • The 2019 GRC will include disease-focused sessions from Innovation to Global Health Impact for tropical bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance, emerging and re-merging TIEDs with an emphasis in new advances related to host-parasite relationships, novel technologies leading to global impact and lessons learned from the bench to the clinic. (grc.org)
  • However for complex-life cycle parasites, measurement of mobile host diversity and abundance often occurs on a different spatial scale than sampling for parasites in less-mobile hosts making comparisons between host groups and parasite infections difficult. (confex.com)
  • This is particularly important when infrequent transmission events have disproportionately large effects on parasite abundance, such as sporadic visits to small freshwater wetlands by bird hosts, which then transmit infections to other aquatic hosts. (confex.com)
  • Intracellular pathogens have devised mechanisms to exploit their host cells to ensure their survival and replication. (nih.gov)
  • More precisely, this article collection is dedicated to recent findings on mechanisms related to the cellular and molecular biology of early events that occur in host cells during the interaction with these pathogens including recognition, uptake, and establishment within the intracellular environment of host cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We hope that these findings will contribute to the discovery of novel host and pathogen targets, which could lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against such pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ticks and tick-borne pathogens are increasing public health threats due to emergence of novel pathogens, expanding geographic ranges of tick vectors, changing ecology of tick communities, as well as abiotic and biotic influences on tick-host-pathogen interactions. (mdpi.com)
  • The protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis is one of the most commonly found intestinal pathogens in a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including both farm and companion animals. (usda.gov)
  • Surface plasmon resonance for kinetic measurements of Mannitou IgM binding, either directly on the glycans or as presented on omega-1 and kappa-5 soluble egg antigens from the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni, showed submicromolar affinities. (bvsalud.org)
  • The projects center on the cellular biology of the malaria parasite, parasite-host interaction and the field of cell-cell communication. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Based on the above outlined molecular data on the interaction between EmIR and mammalian insulin, the parasite's insulin receptor orthologue most probably mediates the insulin effects on parasite growth and is, therefore, a potential candidate factor for host-parasite communication via evolutionary conserved pathways. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Parasitism, as well as other symbiotic interactions, is recognized as a key driver of evolutionary novelty and ecological diversity throughout the tree of life. (blascocosta.ch)
  • Often, the evolutionary fate of host and parasite partners is intertwined at ecological and evolutionary levels but it is not yet clear how macroevolutionary processes originate extant associations. (blascocosta.ch)
  • Our lab is working on disentangling the contribution of evolutionary relationships between hosts and parasites, and role of parasite and host ecological traits to the congruence of Host-Parasite phylogeographic patterns. (blascocosta.ch)
  • The purposes of this study are to review some of the design-like behaviors and structures of this group of parasites, to search for a reasonable explanation for their existence in the evolutionary literature, and to provide a creation-based explanation for their origins. (creationresearch.org)
  • T. muris is an established laboratory mouse model for human trichuriasis and shares with T. trichiura many aspects of its biology, including the specialized niche within the host. (nature.com)
  • However, the role(s) that EVs have in shaping aspects of parasite biology and/or manipulating host interactions is poorly defined. (bvsalud.org)
  • In parallel, multiple technologies and manual finishing were used to produce an 85-Mb reference genome assembly from the more readily available mouse parasite species T. muris (Online Methods and Supplementary Note ). (nature.com)
  • We next established that parasite attachment occurs onto the host oesophagus independently of host species, gender and environmental conditions. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • We aim to provide new insights into how the mechanisms shaping coevolutionary dynamics in species interactions may result in co-phylogenetic structure among Host-Parasite association and patterns of host specificity. (blascocosta.ch)
  • Over a one-year period, I collected three host species (two resident species: naked gobies and white-fingered mud crabs, and one mobile species: blue crabs) and recorded their parasite diversity and abundance. (ecu.edu)
  • Brood parasites are those bird species that lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, or hosts, who then raise the parasitic young. (encyclopedia.com)
  • plumage is cryptically colored in many brood-parasitic species, and may be adaptive to ecological problems of recognition and social association with their hosts. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The juvenal plumage of common koels ( Eudynamys scolopacea ) somewhat resembles that of their host species, differing between geographical areas where they parasitize different hosts. (encyclopedia.com)
  • In particular, we explain why confirming the three main predicted empirical patterns (spatial variation in traits mediating interactions among species, trait mismatching among interacting species and few species-level coevolved traits) does not provide unequivocal support for the theory. (nature.com)
  • The GMTC predicts that these three processes lead to three observable patterns: spatial variation in the traits mediating an interspecific interaction, trait mismatching among interacting species and few species-level coevolved traits ( Thompson, 1999 , 2005 ). (nature.com)
  • These parasites cannot be classified on the single basis of reproductive isolation, as many animal species are, because trematodes are hermaphroditic and several species often inhabit the same estuary. (creationresearch.org)
  • Babesia species and organisms of the closely related genus Theileria parasitize the erythrocytes of wild and domestic animals.These parasites are members of the order Piroplasmida, named for the pear-shaped forms found within infected red blood cells (RBCs). (medscape.com)
  • Babesia species in the host erythrocyte range from 1 to 5 µm in length. (medscape.com)
  • Whipworms have a simple and direct life cycle, and, unlike the related parasite Trichinella spiralis , whipworm larvae do not form cysts in muscle tissue but reside exclusively in the intestine. (nature.com)
  • Human insulin, exogenously added to in vitro cultivated parasite larvae, (i) significantly stimulated parasite survival and growth, (ii) induced DNA de novo synthesis in Echinococcus, (iii) affected overall protein phosphorylation in the parasite, and (iv) specifically induced the phosphorylation of the parasite's Erk-like MAP kinase orthologue EmMPK1. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • This project deals with interactions between fish hosts and mussel parasitic larvae in streams. (lu.se)
  • Mussel larvae (glochidia) are ectoparasites on fish before transforming into juvenile mussels and fall of their hosts to bury in the stream sediment. (lu.se)
  • The research involves comparing genetic polymorphism in drug selected and naive parasite populations, determination of single nucleotide polymorphs (SNPs), expression of alleles with different observed SNPs, determination of the effects of the SNP on the phenotype of the parasite, analysis of gene promoter sequences and localization of gene expression. (mcgill.ca)
  • Based on these analyses, SNP markers can be used to monitor parasite populations in the field for drug selection changes in responsiveness to treatment. (mcgill.ca)
  • In this article, we review and update current knowledge about the distribution and spatial spread of the disease, its observed impact on affected host populations, and models to predict its consequences for host population dynamics. (springer.com)
  • The bulbous posterior end of the whipworm lies free in the intestinal lumen and harbors the reproductive organs, giving adult Trichuris parasites their characteristic whip-like morphology. (nature.com)
  • On the basis of high-throughput transcriptomics data, we identify whipworm proteins that are highly expressed in the anterior region of the parasite, that is, in intimate contact with the cytoplasm of host intestinal cells and the immune system. (nature.com)
  • ALEXANDRE ROMEIRO , ELVIRA M. B. SARAIVA , WANDERLEY DE SOUZA , and MÁRCIA ATTIAS " Leptomonas wallacei Shows Distinct Morphology and Surface Carbohydrates Composition Along the Intestinal Tract of Its Host Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) and in Axenic Culture," The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 50(6), 409-416, (1 November 2003). (bioone.org)
  • Oncospheres invade and cross the intestinal wall, enter the bloodstream, and then migrate to and lodge in tissues throughout the body, where they produce small (0.2-0.5 cm) fluid-filled bladders containing a single juvenile-stage parasite (protoscolex). (medscape.com)
  • NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime imaging of live intestinal nematodes reveals metabolic crosstalk between parasite and host. (fu-berlin.de)
  • One such 'noneradication outcome' was the impetus that the members of the ITFDE gave to initiating a demonstration project to control intestinal parasites among schoolchildren in Ghana. (cdc.gov)
  • The parasite's adaptation to different geographic regions and hosts may contribute to the occurrence of polymorphism. (rsbmt.org.br)
  • The role of parasites in shaping melanin-based colour polymorphism, and the consequences of colour polymorphism for disease resistance, remain debated. (inrae.fr)
  • In eukaryotic parasites like Toxoplasma gondii , virulent alleles at multiple locations in the genome determine the pathogenicity 8 . (rsbmt.org.br)
  • Schistosoma mansoni : the parasite surface in relation to host immunity / Diane J. McLaren. (who.int)
  • The importance of insulin signaling mechanisms for parasite survival and growth were underscored by in vitro cultivation experiments in which the addition of an inhibitor of insulin receptor tyrosine kinases led to vesicle degradation and death. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • We study e.g. host specificity in glochidia, glochidia growth and survival on different hosts, transferability of glochidia between streams and their fish assemblages (for reintroduction purposes), possible effects of parasites on fish, and habitat composition and suitability for fish and mussels. (lu.se)
  • Drug resistance in veterinary parasites has become a major problem in many parts of the world. (mcgill.ca)
  • There were no observable differences of cell types surrounding parasites in tissues, nor of immune staining, between infected and un-infected fish. (clemson.edu)
  • Previous work has shown that parasites can take in pollutants, like mercury, from their host tissues and store those pollutants within their own tissues, thus acting like a sponge to pollutants in the host, and in some cases, lowering the levels of pollutants in the host. (ecu.edu)
  • One of my objectives looked at the mercury levels of uninfected host tissues compared to infected host tissues, and how this might change over a salinity gradient. (ecu.edu)
  • I then preserved host and parasite tissues and analyzed them for total mercury (THg) content. (ecu.edu)
  • I predicted that hosts which were parasitized would have lower levels of THg in their tissues compared to hosts which were unparasitized, and that number of parasites would positively increase with salinity. (ecu.edu)
  • this paper) using TEM, show that there is absolutely no pathogenicity or host immune response resulting from the presence of the parasite within host tissues. (creationresearch.org)
  • Parasites are responsible for serious diseases that contribute to human health problems and death. (frontiersin.org)
  • The outcome of infectious diseases depends on the nature of the pathogen and mainly on the initial host immune response. (frontiersin.org)
  • The availability of these two important whipworm genomes and the integration of parasite and host data presented here will underpin future efforts to control these parasites and exploit their immunological interplay for human benefit. (nature.com)
  • The aim of this study was to describe a model for the examination of fish-nematode interactions on the immunological front, and to develop new reagents for the study of this model. (clemson.edu)
  • Here we review recent evidence of the links between melanin-based coloration and the behavioural and immunological defences of vertebrates against their parasites. (inrae.fr)
  • In contrast to spore activation, attachment depended strongly on the combination of host and parasite genotypes. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Clonality is evidenced by the isolation of strains with identical genotypes, from different hosts of different geographic areas. (rsbmt.org.br)
  • We discuss how different steps can explain different aspects of the coevolutionary dynamics of the system: the properties of the attachment step, explaining the rapid evolution of infectivity and the properties of later parasite proliferation explaining the evolution of virulence. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Research in my laboratory focuses on the molecular genetics and mechanisms of resistance to antiparasitic drugs, the mechanisms of action of these pharmaceuticals and parasite control. (mcgill.ca)
  • There has been very little discussion by previous workers regarding the complexity of the Ascocotyle life cycle (which requires parasitization of three distinct hosts for completion of its life cycle) and what mechanisms may have brought this multifarious system into place. (creationresearch.org)
  • For each session, invited speakers who are at the forefront of their respective fields will discuss how progress made at the bench is being translated to actions in the field, emphasizing interventions based on treatment, vaccination, or interrupting the transmission cycle in the vector or reservoir hosts. (grc.org)
  • These studies revealed significant differences between insulin signaling in Echinococcus and the related cestode parasite Taenia solium. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Cysticidal drug treatment of viable Taenia solium brain parenchymal cysts leads to an acute pericystic host inflammatory response and blood brain barrier breakdown (BBB), commonly resulting in seizures. (edu.pe)
  • Ocean nutrient cycling is driven by the concerted action of marine microbes, but the fine-scale interactions between these microbes and their physical and chemical environments remains elusive. (google.com)
  • One of the parasites was whirling disease, an invasive parasite that has had a significant and negative impact on Alberta's rivers and recreational fishing industry. (ucalgary.ca)
  • Pathophysiological aspects of ocular toxoplasmosis: host-parasite interactions. (urosario.edu.co)
  • Several aspects of the early events of these interactions remain to be elucidated due to the complexity of the innate immune response orchestrated by host cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The work encompasses laboratory studies of parasite genomics, functional genomics and pharmacogenomics, proteomics and cellular physiology, combined with field aspects in developing countries to develop and deploy molecular tools to monitor the development of drug resistance in global parasitic disease control and elimination programs. (mcgill.ca)
  • Dynamic aspects of host-parasite relationships / edited by Avivah Zuckerman and David W. Weiss. (who.int)
  • The study system is a host-parasite system at three levels, involving arctic seabirds as hosts, the tick Ixodes uriae as their ectoparasite and microparasites such as Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi and arboviruses. (institut-polaire.fr)
  • [ 9 ] The primary vectors of the parasite are ticks of the genus Ixodes . (medscape.com)
  • Naturally infected pigs, untreated or treated one time with praziquantel were sacrificed at 48 hr and 120 hr following the injection of Evans blue (EB) to assess the effect of treatment on larval parasites and surrounding tissue. (edu.pe)
  • New research approaches have highlighted host as well as parasite molecules or pathways that could be targeted for interventions. (figshare.com)
  • These results indicated the capability of EmIR to sense and to transmit host insulin signals to the Echinococcus signaling machinery. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The blackflies that transmit the parasite bite during the day. (cdc.gov)
  • Recombination can occur even without the presence of the definitive hosts, when the intermediate host, that is, human, ingests the evolutive forms from other intermediate hosts (sheep, pork, chicken) 2 . (rsbmt.org.br)
  • As shown previously (Lumsden and Armitage, 1999), digenetic, heterophyid trematode parasitic worms of the genus Ascocotyle infect certain amnicolid snails as first intermediate hosts (such as Littoradinops ). (creationresearch.org)
  • They also infect certain cyprinodont and poeciliid estuarine fishes ( Cyprinodon, Poecilia, Fundulus, Gambusia ), as second intermediate hosts in a three-step life cycle. (creationresearch.org)
  • Host abundance and diversity are integral to parasite transmission both among and between hosts. (confex.com)
  • Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are an integral component of cellular/organismal communication and have been found in the excreted/secreted (ES) products of both protozoan and metazoan parasites. (bvsalud.org)
  • First we propose that (1) differences between colour morphs can result in variable exposure to parasites, either directly (certain colours might be more or less attractive to parasites) or indirectly (variations in behaviour and encounter probability). (inrae.fr)
  • The parasites and eggs of helminths, including schistosomes, are associated with factors that can modulate the nature and outcomes of host immune responses, particularly enhancing type 2 immunity and impairing the effects of type 1 and type 17 immunity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recent interests focus on speciation and hybridization processes in Bahamas mosquitofish, causes and concequences of fish migration, host-parasite interactions between fish and mussels, harbour porpoise foraging ecology, win-win solutions for hydropower and the Atlantic eel and salmon, as well as prey movement in a landscape of fear. (lu.se)
  • A phylogeny based on 28 behavioral and ecological characters suggests that Neomorphinae and Phaenicophaeinae are polyphyletic groups, placing the obligate parasite Tapera (Neomorphinae) and the facultative parasite Coccyzus (Phaenicophaeinae) within the Cuculinae. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Here we describe a mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis of the parasite throughout its 48 hr intraerythrocytic developmental cycle. (nih.gov)
  • In the present work, the effects of host insulin on Echinococcus metacestode vesicles and the proposed interaction between EmIR and mammalian insulin have been studied using biochemical and cell-biological approaches. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The molecular genetics of ivermectin (macrocyclic lactones) and resistance selection in the filarial parasites, Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia malayi . (mcgill.ca)
  • This review aims to review the current advances in the understanding of the host-parasite relationship in ocular toxoplasmosis and the factors that could change its treatment and outcome, as it is a potentially blinding disease. (urosario.edu.co)
  • Babesiosis is a zoonotic disease maintained by the interaction of tick vectors, transport hosts, and animal reservoirs. (medscape.com)
  • On the basis of whole-transcriptome analyses, we identify many genes that are expressed in a sex- or life stage-specific manner and characterize the transcriptional landscape of a morphological region with unique biological adaptations, namely, bacillary band and stichosome, found only in whipworms and related parasites. (nature.com)
  • Entering the host's bloodstream during the tick bite, the parasite infects RBCs, producing differentiated and undifferentiated trophozoites. (medscape.com)
  • Harbour porpoises are regularly sited in Swedish/Danish coastal waters, while surprisingly little is known about their spatio-temporal distribution patterns and interactions with conspecifics and prey. (lu.se)
  • Here, I will illustrate how the qualitative behaviour of a simple system describing excitable plankton bloom dynamics, for physically distinct phytoplankton and zooplankton, depends critically on the flow and induced interaction rates. (google.com)
  • The role of P-glycoproteins efflux pumps in drug resistance in parasites. (mcgill.ca)
  • Further investigations are now necessary to uncover the full extent of SmLEV1's role in shaping schistosome EV function and definitive host relationships. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, for naked gobies in the Neuse River, parasites were found consistently throughout my sites, and in the Pamlico River parasites were most abundant in the second lowest salinity and at the highest salinity site. (ecu.edu)
  • Our results suggest that systemic arginine depletion by the parasite may be a factor in human malarial hypoargininemia associated with cerebral malaria pathogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Yang Z, Cao Z, Panjwani N. Pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba keratitis: carbohydrate-mediated host-parasite interactions. (cdc.gov)