Host immune immune responses allowed cd8 t ce. Medical search. Frequent questions

My principle research interests are in the prevention and therapy of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and in the use of graft-versus-leukemia to eradicate blood disorders. (harvard.edu)
Efficacy and Safety of 1% Progesterone Gel to the Forehead for Ocular Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. (harvard.edu)
IL-17A also modulates the pathology of autoimmune disease e.g. experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), arthritis (Benedetti and Miossec 2014), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), graft versus host disease (GVHD) (Tabarkiewicz et al. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
Nonetheless, consolidative allo-HSCT is not recommended for all patients because it will increase the economic burden and bring risk of severe toxicity, such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). (biomedcentral.com)

Hence, myeloid cells play a dual role in cancer as they can initiate antitumor responses and communicate with cells of the adaptive immune system, but also promote local inflammation leading to chronic cancer-associated inflammation ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Dendritic cells (DC) are central purveyors of both innate and adaptive immune responses. (jscimedcentral.com)
Maturing DCs acquire a phenotype that allows them to migrate through the lymphatic system and stimulate adaptive lymphocyte responses. (jscimedcentral.com)
The failure of DCs to properly process and present HIV antigens and stimulate specific adaptive responses can prevent viral clearance and aid in establishment of viral reservoirs, two of the main obstacles to a therapeutic cure. (jscimedcentral.com)
They are also key players in spread of infection via trans-CD4 T cell infection (or in cis), and stimulation of adaptive immune responses in attempt to eliminate virus. (jscimedcentral.com)
The results suggest that a delayed adaptive immune response might be crucial to Mtb's ability to establish a foothold in a host. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
After a host inhales Mtb , previous research has found that the immune system typically responds by deploying cells such as macrophages and T cells to the lungs, and by forming lung granulomas-structures that contain innate and adaptive immune cells that encapsulate the bacteria. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
At 12 weeks, the first adaptive immune cells start to kick in. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
Among the components of TME, distinct populations of innate and adaptive immune cells consist of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (biomedcentral.com)

They initiate and modulate immune responses to pathogenic signals and play a key role in peripheral tolerance. (jscimedcentral.com)
They occasionally exhibit toxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effects, or they modulate immune responses. (cdc.gov)

NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
CD8 exists on the cell surface, where the CD8alpha chain is essential for binding to MHC-I. CD8 is also expressed on a subset of T cells, NK cells, monocytes and dendritic cells as disulfide-linked homodimers of CD8alpha. (thermofisher.com)
Myeloid innate immune cells, such as granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), play an important role in cancer-cell recognition, initiation of inflammation and antitumor responses ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Dendritic cells (DC) are both widely dispersed in the body and are potent activators of effector immune response, which stresses their important role in HIV infection [1,2]. (jscimedcentral.com)
and the innate immune cells contain natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

In tumors, there are all types of immune cells that can have various effects on tumor progression, and a spectrum of soluble cytokines and chemokines that regulates the entry of different types of infiltrating immune cells. (aacrjournals.org)
To test this hypothesis, we analyzed expression of viral and cellular genes in brain-infiltrating immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The infiltrating immune cells in the TME constitute the main body of TIME. (biomedcentral.com)
Sources of such molecules include infiltrating immune cells and endogenous glia, astrocytes and microglia. (docksci.com)

Thus, the tumor has many strategies to evade an immune response. (aacrjournals.org)
EBV can not be completely cleared once entry into the host cells and ultimately establishes life-long latent infection in host, indicating that EBV has developed elaborate strategies to evade host immune surveillance [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)

By doing so, it appears to switch them from a proinflammatory immune effector cell to a less inflammatory, regulatory T-cell phenotype. (onclive.com)
The innate immune response by myeloid cells occurs as a succession of events starting at signaling through cytosolic or surface PRRs, followed by effector responses including the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antibacterial peptides and degranulation ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Multivariate analysis grouped genes expressed in meningeal and white matter immune infiltrates into artificial factors that were characterized primarily by genes involved in type 1 immunity effector mechanisms and type I interferon pathway activation. (biomedcentral.com)

However, IFN-γ production in CD4 and CD8 T cells did not significantly differ under all vaccination regimens. (biomedcentral.com)
However, low dose inoculations via the IP or SC route or IN vaccination elicited vaccine-induced CD8 + T cell responses that did not reach protective thresholds for tumor protection. (bmj.com)

MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)

LAG3 also helps maintain CD8+ T cells in a tolerogenic state and, working with PD-1, helps maintain CD8 exhaustion during chronic viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
Such a description excludes diseases in which infiltration of these cells occurs in response to a primary pathology. (medscape.com)
We know that CD6 is a costimulatory receptor found on activated CD4 and CD8 T cells. (onclive.com)
To evaluate T-cell responses, S peptides of the WT, Alpha, Beta and Delta variants were used to stimulate T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Upon stimulation, the expression of IL-17A in CD8 T cells was higher in the BNT162b2 group than in the ChAdOx-1 boosting group. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of FasL in CD4 T cells, but not CD8 T cells, was higher in the BNT162b2-boosted group. (biomedcentral.com)
CD8 binds to MHC class I and through its association with protein tyrosine kinase p56lck plays a role in T-cell development and activation of mature T cells. (thermofisher.com)
We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
Specifically, we argue that the hypercoagulable and hyperinflammatory state of severe COVID-19 is a consequence of the expanded tropism of SARS-CoV-2, which allows it to infect vascular endothelial cells, and that cytokine storm physiology contributes to a lesser degree. (ersjournals.com)
Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. (frontiersin.org)
Immune cells abundantly infiltrate tumors, creating a complex environment mediated by repetitive cycles of antitumor responses and immune evasion ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
This review focuses on how HIV is recognized and processed by DCs, the responses (and lack thereof) generated by DCs after capture, the role of DCs in HIV transfer to CD4 T cells, and the role of DCs in immunomodulatory responses to HIV. (jscimedcentral.com)
In gastric carcinoma cells, EBV is not integrated into the host genome but maintained as a type of plasmid called an episome. (spandidos-publications.com)
Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a major role in maintaining self-tolerance and limiting antiviral responses during chronic infections. (openvirologyjournal.com)
EBV miRNAs also inhibit the expression of viral antigens, thereby enabling infected cells to escape immune recognition. (ijbs.com)
We here investigated if pre-exposure to bacteria alters the response of lung epithelial cells to subsequent viral infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Pre-exposure of epithelial cells to bacteria alters the response to subsequent viral infection depending on the types of pathogen involved. (biomedcentral.com)
In this review we discuss the current knowledge in the area of peripheral immune-based biomarkers, drawing information from the results of recent clinical studies of a number of different immunotherapy modalities in the treatment of cancer, including checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and anti-cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
For evaluation of peripheral immune-cell function, several immune-related analytes may be measured, including cytokines, soluble plasma proteins, and immune cells, analyzed by surface marker expression, transcriptomic, or epigenetic profiles. (biomedcentral.com)
Now, in a study conducted on monkeys and published in Cell Reports on May 17, University of Pittsburgh researchers find that a key subset of infection-fighting immune cells only become fully active three months after the body first encounters Mtb, with a second subset of these cells emerging five months postinfection. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
Researchers have found that Mtb is equipped with an arsenal of tools that allow it to escape the immune response, often leading to latent TB with the formation of secondary granulomas that consist of infected macrophages surrounded by immune cells "guards. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
They found that innate immune cells mediate most granulomas' immune activity four weeks postinfection. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
Mtb is an intracellular bacteria, and therefore researchers studying the immune response to it have mainly focused their attention on CD4 + T cells, which specialize in recognizing infected innate immune cells and secrete a variety of cytokines that attract other immune cells to the site of infection. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
However, growing evidence suggests that CD8 + T cells, which had been thought to become involved in the infection in killing target cells, also play a role in battling Mtb early on. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
The study found that CD8 + T cells arrived first in the granulomas, becoming detectable at the 12-week timepoint. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
To gain more information on those T cells, the researchers profiled the expression of transcription factors that reflect immune cell function. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
It is debated whether multiple sclerosis (MS) might result from an immunopathological response toward an active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection brought into the central nervous system (CNS) by immigrating B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
TIME possesses distinct populations of myeloid cells and lymphocytes to influence the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer is not a chaotic malignant cell mass, but a delicate "hostile" organ, where many other cells are recruited and domesticated to become "accomplices", thereby protecting themselves from recognition and attack by the immune system [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
TIME primarily consists of myeloid cells, lymphocytes and some other innate immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Substantial cells are divided into immune cells and non-immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The emergence of therapeutic agents that access the CNS, raise the possibility of enhancing the remyelination process both by acting directly upon myelinating cells and/ or indirectly via the immune-glial networks. (docksci.com)
In addition, whereas weak pre-existing immunity did not alter the protective thresholds of the vaccine-specific T cell response following subsequent immunization with CMV-based vaccine vectors, strong pre-existing immunity inhibited the development of vaccine-induced T cells and their control on tumor progression. (bmj.com)

The complexity of the pathogenic mechanism underlying the host immune response to Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia ( App ) makes the use of preventive measures difficult, and a more global view of the host-pathogen interactions and new insights into this process are urgently needed to reveal the pathogenic and immune mechanisms underlying App infection. (biomedcentral.com)

It is an immune checkpoint receptor and as such is the target of various drug development programs by pharmaceutical companies seeking to develop new treatments for cancer and autoimmune disorders. (wikipedia.org)
Description: The RPA-T8 monoclonal antibody reacts with the human CD8a molecule, an approximately 32-34 kDa cell surface receptor expressed either as a heterodimer with the CD8 beta chain (CD8 alpha/beta) or as a homodimer (CD8 alpha/alpha). (thermofisher.com)
This wide range of receptors allows for efficient receptor mediated phagocytosis of many foreign antigens. (jscimedcentral.com)

Understanding mechanisms by which apicomplexan parasites evade immune or chemotherapeutic elimination is required for development of effective vaccines or chemotherapeutics. (biomedcentral.com)

Specifically, during HIV infection, the maturation state and abundance of DCs during infection is correlated with HIV viral load, disease progression, and immune dysregulation. (jscimedcentral.com)
Considering that immune activation is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infection, a considerable number of studies have explored the role of Treg in different cohorts of patients, reporting contradictory data. (openvirologyjournal.com)
EBV can establish life-long latent infection in host due to the balance between EBV and host immune system. (ijbs.com)
Therefore comparative genomic analysis of T . equi was undertaken to: 1) identify genes contributing to immune evasion and persistence in equid hosts, 2) identify genes involved in PBMC infection biology and 3) define the phylogenetic position of T . equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
The interaction of the disease's causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), with its hosts is complex, and there are many unanswered questions about the infection, including why it can linger in the body for months or years. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
Based on this model, a relationship should exist between the local immune milieu and EBV infection status in the MS brain. (biomedcentral.com)
Enhanced PCR-based methods were used to investigate expression of 75 immune-related genes and 6 EBV genes associated with latent and lytic infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The host DEGs were mainly enriched in inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the TLR, NLR, RLR, BCR and TCR signaling pathways, resulting in large-scale cytokine up-regulation and thereby yielding a cytokine cascade for anti-infection and lung damage. (biomedcentral.com)
The majority of the up-regulated cytokines are involved in the IL-23/IL-17 cytokine-regulated network, which is crucial for host defense against bacterial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulation of metabolic genes and major virulence genes indicate that the dominant antigens might differ during the infection process and that vaccines based on these antigens might allow establishment of a precise and targeted immune response during the early phase of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The infection process is complex, and the interactions between a pathogen and its host are essential components of the infection. (biomedcentral.com)

Notably, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has demonstrated durable responses in various malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, the up-regulation of genes associated with peptidoglycan and urease synthesis and the restriction of major virulence genes might be immune evasion strategies of App . (biomedcentral.com)

Here we comprehensively characterized the kinetics of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in VRP-vaccinated mice, and demonstrate that they predominantly target the nucleoprotein (NP). (cdc.gov)

By evaluating the tumor microenvironment, we observed that the immune and metabolic microenvironments of the two groups were substantially different. (hindawi.com)
Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs participate in crosstalk between tumor and stroma, and reprogramming of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (biomedcentral.com)

Over the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has been steering immune responses toward cancer cell eradication. (frontiersin.org)
Peripheral immune-based biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy: can we realize their predictive potential? (biomedcentral.com)
Defined immune thresholds for tumor protection and the factors affecting such thresholds have not well been investigated in cancer immunotherapy. (bmj.com)

Indeed, a number of genes identified as potential manipulators of the host cell phenotype are absent from the T . equi genome. (biomedcentral.com)
The magnitude, kinetics and phenotype of the circulating tumor-specific CD8 + T cell response were determined. (bmj.com)

Immune dysregulation in patients with acute COVID-19 under chronic hemodialysis (CHD) is fully not elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)

Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
Inflammasomes refer to the cytoplasmic multimeric protein complexes that sense pathogen- or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs, respectively) to mediate the inflammatory response and induce programmed cell death known as pyroptosis [ 1 ]. (thno.org)
Thirty years earlier, however, the noted physiologist Hans Selye put forth the theory that adrenal GCs can enhance and mediate the cellular stress response ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). (aai.org)

Genes related to T cell activation, cytotoxic cell-mediated (or type 1) immunity, B cell growth and differentiation, pathogen recognition, myeloid cell function, type I interferon pathway activation, and leukocyte recruitment were found expressed at different levels in most or all MS brain immune infiltrates. (biomedcentral.com)

Immune checkpoint-inhibitor combinations are the best therapeutic option for advanced hepatocellular car-cinoma (HCC) patients, but improvements in efficacy are needed to improve response rates. (unav.edu)
An in-depth understanding of the functions of EBV miRNAs in host antiviral immunity will shed light on the EBV-host interactions and provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies. (ijbs.com)

Notably, immune infiltrates are highly heterogeneous, not only between tumor types, but also within one patient or between different patients with the same cancer types. (aacrjournals.org)
White matter perivascular and intrameningeal immune infiltrates, including B cell follicle-like structures, were isolated from brain sections using laser capture microdissection. (biomedcentral.com)

Twenty-three postmortem snap-frozen brain tissue blocks from 11 patients with progressive MS were selected based on good RNA quality and prominent immune cell infiltration. (biomedcentral.com)

That is part of the mechanism [of action of the agent,] and interfering with the CD6 costimulation is another way of blunting the inappropriate immune activity that we believe is part of the underlying pathology in GVHD," explained Koreth, who is the director of Translation Research and Stem Cell Transplantation and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. (onclive.com)

That [the] TB immune response is unusual compared to other pathogens had been known for years, but people still don't really understand why," says Al Leslie, an investigator at the KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB-HIV in South Africa who was not involved in the work but has previously collaborated with the authors. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)

We also review clinically apparent differences in the immune responses elicited by these viruses according to the latest clinical data and recommend that investigators note these differences in ongoing efforts to elucidate the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. (ersjournals.com)

Although many studies have shown that microbes can ectopically stimulate or suppress plant immune responses, the fundamental question of whether the entire preexisting microbiota is indeed required for proper development of plant immune response remains unanswered. (bvsalud.org)
Intriguingly, EBV miRNAs directly suppress host antiviral immunity by interfering with antigen presentation and immune cell activation. (ijbs.com)

A failure of DCs to mature, as witnessed during HIV uptake, however, leads to attenuation of antigen-specific immune responses and may significantly contribute to induction of T cell regulatory responses. (jscimedcentral.com)
These regulatory responses typically can be a consequence of low co-stimulatory molecule expression (e.g. (jscimedcentral.com)
PD-L1, PD L2) on DCs and production of soluble immune regulatory mediators (e.g. (jscimedcentral.com)
This results in dampened immunogenicity [11], and potentially drives regulatory immune responses [12]. (jscimedcentral.com)

Background The capacity of cytomegalovirus (CMV) to elicit long-lasting strong T cell responses, and the ability to engineer the genome of this DNA virus positions CMV-based vaccine vectors highly suitable as a cancer vaccine platform. (bmj.com)

The immunologic landscape of the host and tumor play key roles in determining how patients will benefit from immunotherapy, and a better understanding of these factors could help inform how well a tumor responds to treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent advances in immunotherapy and in our understanding of the immune system have revolutionized the treatment landscape for many advanced cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
It is envisaged that a deeper understanding of immunity will aid in harnessing the full potential of immunotherapy, and allow appropriate patients to receive the most appropriate treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
TIME influences the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival rate of patients. (biomedcentral.com)

Urban birds displayed significantly enhanced mean swelling responses, particularly urban pigeons, which exhibited a significant difference in patagium thickness at all-time intervals except for 24 h (p = 0.000, p = 0.12). (bvsalud.org)

Using a recently developed peat-based gnotobiotic plant growth system, we found that Arabidopsis grown in the absence of a natural microbiota lacked age-dependent maturation of plant immune response and were defective in several aspects of pattern-triggered immunity. (bvsalud.org)

These results confirm profound in situ EBV deregulation and suggest orchestration of local antiviral function in the MS brain, lending support to a model of MS pathogenesis that involves EBV as possible antigenic stimulus of the persistent immune response in the central nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the response to such treatments is variable and currently unpredictable, the availability of predictive biomarkers is limited, and a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to immune checkpoint therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the immune responses induced by this vaccine are not well characterized, and correlates of protection remain unknown. (cdc.gov)
We here determined using CMV as a vaccine platform whether critical thresholds of vaccine-specific T cell responses can be established that relate to tumor protection, and which factors control such thresholds. (bmj.com)

Escape from immune surveillance is thought to contribute to the development and progression of GB. (frontiersin.org)
After years of controversy, it is now recognized that the immune system can play a role in the control of tumor growth and progression ( 1 ), a process known as cancer immunoediting ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)

In addition to whole tissue sections, we used the tissue microarray technique, a powerful tool for the investigation of novel or potential biomarkers, which has allowed us to evaluate hundreds of tissue cores for CD8+. (gp120-inhibitors.com)

These abnormalities result in significant alterations in gene expression related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and immune signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Increasing evidence indicates that EBV miRNAs target the host mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. (ijbs.com)

Immature DCs possess a wide variety of receptors, such as Fc receptors, lectins, and langerin, which allow them to efficiently bind and internalize antigen. (jscimedcentral.com)

The second are antibodies to LAG3 which take the brakes off the anti-cancer immune response. (wikipedia.org)
The third are agonist antibodies to LAG3 in order to blunt an autoimmune response. (wikipedia.org)

Macrophage-mediated immune cell recruitment and apoptotic cell (AC) clearance are relevant in the context of SCD, where tissue damage, cell apoptosis and inflammation occur due to vasoocclusive episodes, hypoxia and ischemic injury. (biomed.news)

Although the principles of cancer immunoediting have largely been defined in mice with immunogenic tumors, it has now been demonstrated that an immune reaction against cancer can also occur in humans ( 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Studies using mice have helped researchers to understand the immune response to the bacterium, but they do not fully recapitulate human disease. (globalwomenshealthacademy.org)
0.3% of the total circulating CD8 T cell population fully protects mice against lethal tumor challenge. (bmj.com)

There are numerous immune cell types found in cancers and many components of an immune reaction to cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Inflammasome signaling is a reaction cascade that influences immune response and cell death. (thno.org)

Here we show that heme strongly alters macrophage functional response to AC damage by exacerbating immune cell recruitment and impairing cell efferocytic capacity. (biomed.news)

Novel agents seek to improve and expand the efficacy of the current standard of care for patients with acute graft-vs-host disease, specifically those with high-risk disease. (onclive.com)
High-dose systemic steroid administration has limited durability for patients who develop acute graft-vs-host disease (aGVHD). (onclive.com)
Patients with severe COVID-19 already in need of mechanical ventilation (MV) or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) were excluded in order to decipher the role of early immune responses to 28-day outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)

Collectively, understanding Nlrp10 inflammasome-dependent and independent activity, regulation and possible human relevance might facilitate the development of new innate immune anti-inflammatory interventions. (biomed.news)

Anatomy36

Organisms12

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Graft-versus-4

Adaptive9

Modulate2

Dendritic5

Infiltrating immune cells4

Strategies to evade2

Effector3

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Molecules1

Cells33

Pathogenic1

Receptor3

Evade1

Infection11

Various malignancies1

Evasion1

Predominantly1

Microenvironment2

Cancer immunotherapy3

Phenotype2

Chronic1

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Infiltrates2

Infiltration1

GVHD1

Pathogens1

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Regulatory4

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Immunotherapy4

Significantly1

Immunity1

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LAG32

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