Host cell s membrane. Medical search. Frequent questions

Is the Subject Area "Outer membrane proteins" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
In mammalian cells, they are enriched in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored and signalling-related proteins. (pasteur.fr)
TAKE AWAY: Lipid microdomains are ordered regions of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids (GSL), GPI-anchored and signalling-related proteins. (pasteur.fr)
Virulence-related outer membrane proteins, or outer surface proteins (Osp) in some contexts, are expressed in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and are essential to bacterial survival within macrophages and for eukaryotic cell invasion. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins in this family are predicted to consist of eight transmembrane beta-sheets and four cell surface-exposed loops. (wikipedia.org)
The phage protein Lom is expressed during lysogeny, and encode host-cell envelope proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Lom is found in the bacterial outer membrane, and is homologous to virulence proteins of two other enterobacterial genera. (wikipedia.org)
Borrelia burgdorferi (responsible for Lyme disease) outer surface proteins play a role in persistence within ticks (OspA, OspB, OspD), mammalian host transmission (OspC, BBA64), host cell adhesion (OspF, BBK32, DbpA, DbpB), and in evasion of the host immune system (VlsE). (wikipedia.org)
H. pylori attaches and colonizes to the human epithelium using some of their outer membrane proteins (OMPs). (nature.com)
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of H. pylori play a crucial role in the host-pathogen interaction, virulence and pathogenesis. (nature.com)
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are distinctive features of Gram-negative bacteria. (nature.com)
MemBrite™ Fix dyes covalently label cell surface proteins, and are available in with a wide selection of bright and photostable colors. (biotium.com)
Membrane proteins are drug targets for a wide range of diseases. (shu.ac.uk)
Yeast is a popular host as it is a eukaryote with similar synthetic machinery to that of the native human source cells of many proteins of interest, while also being quick, easy and cheap to grow and process. (shu.ac.uk)
Coronaviruses have at least four major structural proteins, including spikes (S), membranes (M), envelopes (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. (medsci.org)
It was the early 2000s, and Mukherjee was working in Dennis Shields's lab at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, studying how cells organize the internal transport of proteins and other cargo. (the-scientist.com)
She learned that researchers had identified more than 300 Legionella peptides that mimic host proteins or otherwise hijack existing cellular pathways to the bacterium's advantage. (the-scientist.com)
The modeling platform developed here uncovers insights into lipid participation in antibodies' recognition of membrane proteins and highlights antibody features to prioritize in vaccine design. (elifesciences.org)
Antibodies can target epitopes on integral membrane proteins very near to the lipid bilayer surface, even those partially embedded within the headgroup region. (elifesciences.org)
enterophatogenic E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, etc., inject proteins directly into the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm to interfere with and to alter host processes. (umass.edu)
These proteins are presumably injected through the eukaryotic cell membrane via a proteinaceous transmembrane channel known as translocon, which is of bacterial origin. (umass.edu)
Type III secretion, the mechanism that introduces bacte-rial proteins into eukaryote host cells, rates among the most exciting themes of modern pathogenic microbio-logy. (asmblog.org)
What makes it fascinating is both its biomechanics (it makes use of a fancy nanotechnology needle-like de-vice) and its strategic aspects (the delivered proteins, termed effector proteins, enable the bacterial pathogens to attach to or damage the host cell). (asmblog.org)
Thus, the effector proteins made by the parasite must cross two plasma membranes - those of parasite and host - en route to the host's cyto-plasm. (asmblog.org)
the effector proteins have an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) type signal sequence that routes them into the parasite's secretory pathway and thus across the first membrane. (asmblog.org)
For the second crossing into the host cell, these proteins have another signal, the host-targeting signal sequence (HT). (asmblog.org)
More than 400 P. falciparum proteins contain this HT signal sequence and are thus thought to be destined for delivery into the host cell. (asmblog.org)
During infection, it, too, delivers effector proteins across the two membranes and into the host cell. (asmblog.org)
Another research group pulled these two stories togeth-er by demonstrating that the HT signal sequence from P. infestans can deliver the effector proteins of P. falcipar-um from the malarial vacuole to the host erythrocyte. (asmblog.org)
Remove impurities in biopharmaceutical process streams such as DNA, host cell proteins (HCP) and viruses with our all-synthetic, single use 3M™ Emphaze AEX Hybrid Purifier. (3m.com)
SARS-CoV-2 has various proteins on its surface including (M) membrane protein, (E) envelope small membrane protein and (S) spike glycoproteins. (springer.com)
Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are essential virulence factors used by many Gram-negative bacteria to inject proteins that make eukaryotic host cells accessible to invasion. (nih.gov)
Spike proteins enter immune cells, switch off normal immune responses, and trigger pro-inflammatory pathways instead. (theepochtimes.com)
It is known that GSLs interact with both intracellular as well as exogenous proteins and are critical for membrane organisation, signalling, and recognition events. (springer.com)
One of the more notable characteristics of this genus is that members can prey upon other Gram-negative bacteria and feed on the biopolymers , e.g. proteins and nucleic acids, of their hosts. (eol.org)
The envelope is made of lipids and proteins in the way a regular cell membrane is structured. (biology4kids.com)
Prions are proteins that can invade cells and somehow direct their own duplication, making more of the isolated proteins. (biology4kids.com)
Epithelial host-defense proteins represent an important component of the pulmonary innate immune response to foreign inhalants such as particles and bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
I will present our recent structural studies, using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, of three membrane proteins that give insights into the mechanisms of virus-cell membrane fusion and virus budding. (lu.se)
1) We have investigated the structure of the membrane-interacting domains of the fusion proteins of the parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (lu.se)
We have recently shown that the replication of rhinovirus, poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus requires the co-translational N-myristoylation of viral proteins by human host cell N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs), and is inhibited by treatment with IMP-1088, an ultrapotent small molecule NMT inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
N-myristoylated proteins from VACV and the host were metabolically labelled with myristic acid alkyne during infection using quantitative chemical proteomics. (cdc.gov)
MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) is a complex of proteins that constitutes an important part of the immune system, helping to reveal the presence of bacteria or a virus in cells, for example. (lu.se)
Our project offers a unique opportunity for Master's student to gain hands-on experience focused on transcriptional regulators with importance in expression of genes of outer membrane proteins that are essential in host-pathogen interaction. (lu.se)

Lipid microdomains or lipid rafts are dynamic and tightly ordered regions of the plasma membrane. (pasteur.fr)
CellBrite™ Fix dyes are fluorogenic membrane dyes that covalently stain the plasma membrane in live cells. (biotium.com)
We also offer classic membrane and membrane potential dyes, including CellBrite™ and CellBrite™ NIR dyes , which are lipophilic carbocyanine dyes that stain the plasma membrane of cells and are non-toxic for long-term tracking. (biotium.com)
These types of membrane merging events initiate on the exoplasmic (non-cytosolic) side of a cell's plasma membrane, and fuse two separate cells into one. (irbbarcelona.org)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 permeabilizes the plasma membrane of host cells, but LL-37-induced direct effects on mitochondrial membrane permeability and function has not been reported. (lu.se)
Viral particles bind to plasma membrane receptors on host cells and then enter into the cytoplasm, where the viral genome is replicated and viral progeny are assembled. (medscape.com)

Several studies have suggested that mammalian pattern recognition receptors are concentrated or recruited to lipid domains during host-pathogen association to enhance the effectiveness of host effector processes. (pasteur.fr)
Key players in the controlled induction of cell death are the Death Receptors (DR). CD95 is a prototypic DR activated by its cognate ligand CD95L triggering programmed cell death. (researchgate.net)
Sequential CRISPR-Based Screens Identify LITAF and CDIP1 as the Bacillus cereus Hemolysin BL Toxin Host Receptors. (nih.gov)
Infection of other cell types possessing ACE2 receptors has been described including the epithelial cells of the lung, intestine, kidney, heart, and blood vessels inducing cardiotropic damage [ 4 , 5 ]. (springer.com)
Interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on target the cell surface mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells that is facilitated by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and lysosomal proteases. (springer.com)

The work provides insights into how broadly neutralizing antibodies associate with lipids proximal to membrane-associated epitopes to drive neutralization. (elifesciences.org)
Conversely, propensity to bind lipids or cell membranes poses a significant auto-immunity risk. (elifesciences.org)
The MARV matrix layer confers the virion filamentous shape and stability but how host lipids modulate mVP40 oligomerization is mostly unknown. (uci.edu)

Results in release of the virus contents from an organelle into the host cell cytoplasm. (planteome.org)
As a trade-off, they have had to come up with ways to bypass a cell's internal immune system, navigate the complicated, busy environment of the cell cytoplasm, and ultimately escape that environment to infect other cells-becoming tiny maestros of manipulation in the process. (the-scientist.com)
By then it was known that Listeria infects cells such as macrophages-motile human immune cells that engulf pathogens and cellular debris-by being taken up into vacuoles and breaking out of those vacuoles into the cytoplasm. (the-scientist.com)
distinctive in its predatory behavior: Bdellovibrios attack other Gram negative cells, penetrate their periplasm, multiply in their cytoplasm, and finally burst their cell envelopes to start anew. (eol.org)
The host cell is then rapidly killed allowing the passage of molecules from the interior of the host cytoplasm through to the periplasm freely, and the periplasm dwelling Bdellovibrio to feed. (eol.org)
Many of the virions can be seen outside the confines of the host cell, but some were in the process of budding free of a host cell membrane (arrowheads), after having undergone replication within the cell cytoplasm. (cdc.gov)
DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)
As a member of the Orthopoxvirus family, cowpox is a large double-stranded DNA virus that replicates in cell cytoplasm. (medscape.com)

Members of this group include: PagC, required by Salmonella typhimurium for survival in macrophages and for virulence in mice Rck outer membrane protein of the S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis virulence plasmid Ail, a product of the Yersinia enterocolitica chromosome capable of mediating bacterial adherence to and invasion of epithelial cell lines OmpX from Escherichia coli that promotes adhesion to and entry into mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
Its synthesis decreases after transmission to a mammalian host. (wikipedia.org)
It is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that has high affinity for sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine and stains yeast bud scars as well as the cell membrane of gram+ bacteria and mammalian cells. (biotium.com)
Scientists studying pathogens such as Chlamydia , Legionella , and Listeria get a master class in how to control the internal workings of mammalian cells. (the-scientist.com)
Research on how intracellular bacteria take control of their hosts is not only informing scientists about how these microbes cause disease, but revealing secrets of mammalian biology, says Mukherjee, who now heads up a lab at the University of California (UC), San Francisco. (the-scientist.com)
While both of these pathogens cause different diseases and infect different cells in the mammalian host, they share a similar life cycle within the tick. (usda.gov)
In mammalian and arthropod host cells, A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale reside in host cell derived pathogen-occupied vacuoles (POVs). (usda.gov)
The infective forms of T cruzi are contained in the feces of the insect vectors and gain entry into its mammalian hosts through contamination. (medscape.com)
This mechanism of transmission contrasts with that of the two subspecies of African trypanosomes that cause human disease, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , which are transmitted via the saliva of their vectors, and with the mechanism by which the nonpathogenic trypanosome found in the Americas, Trypanosoma rangeli , is transmitted to its mammalian hosts. (medscape.com)
As with other parasites that infect both mammalian and insect hosts, the life cycle of T cruzi is complex (see image below). (medscape.com)
As epimastigotes (depicted in the first image below) move to the hindgut, they differentiate into metacyclic trypomastigotes (depicted in the second image below), which are nondividing forms resistant to mammalian complement that have the capacity to infect mammalian cells. (medscape.com)
The trypomastigote is the infective flagellated form of the parasite found in the blood of the mammalian hosts (blood trypomastigote) and in the hindgut of vectors (metacyclic trypomastigote). (medscape.com)
T cruzi can also be transmitted when mammalian hosts ingest infected insects, and this mechanism of transmission may play a major role in maintaining the sylvatic cycle. (medscape.com)

The Plasmodium falciparum protein, apical membrane antigen 1 forms a complex with another parasite protein, rhoptry neck protein 2, to initiate junction formation with the erythrocyte and is essential for merozoite invasion during the blood stage of infection. (nature.com)
Consequently, apical membrane antigen 1 has been a target of vaccine development but vaccination with apical membrane antigen 1 alone in controlled human malaria infections failed to protect and showed limited efficacy in field trials. (nature.com)
Interestingly, most of these bnAbs show affinity for lipid components and freely associate with lipid bilayers 5 - 8 or cultured cells, even in the absence of antigen 17 - 23 . (elifesciences.org)
CBL-1, a murine monoclonal antibody, recognises an antigen on activated T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. (nih.gov)
Studies have shown that EBV-infected T/NK lymphocytes often express cytotoxic molecules, such as perforin, granzyme B, and T cell intracytoplasmic antigen (TIA-1). (selfgrowth.com)
The anti-EBV antigen polymer IgA can mediate the invasion of EBV into pharyngeal epithelial cells through endocytosis, and EBV bound to IgA can invade pharyngeal epithelial cells through endocytosis mediated by secretory corpuscle (SC). (selfgrowth.com)
Elevated levels of anti-EBV-specific antigen IgA were found in mucosal secretions of NPC patients, and this EBV-IgA-SC-mediated endocytosis may represent a physiological pathway for EBV to invade nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in vivo. (selfgrowth.com)
T-lymphocytes recognise a foreign substance, an antigen, on the surface of foreign or infected cells. (lu.se)
When the T-lymphocyte and antigen connect, the T-cell releases substances that kill the cell. (lu.se)
On a virus-infected host cell, the antigen is made up of an MHC molecule and attendant virus protein. (lu.se)

Heuck A. P. (2011) Efficient isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion translocators and assembly of heteromeric transmembrane pores in model membranes. (umass.edu)
For the PIV5 fusion protein, the fusion peptide (FP) and the transmembrane domain (TMD) show striking membrane-dependent conformations. (lu.se)

HomB protein contributes to the colonization and persistence of H. pylori , and the presence of homB genes affects the number of bacteria adhering to the host cells. (nature.com)
For Mukherjee, the paper was a revelation: not only did it identify the fastest way yet to target Golgi biology, it suggested that scientists could use intracellular bacteria "as a lens to understand basic processes inside the cell. (the-scientist.com)
Intracellular bacteria vary considerably in how dependent they are on their hosts. (the-scientist.com)
So-called facultative intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Legionella pneumophila do not need to be inside a host cell to reproduce. (the-scientist.com)
Engineering Bacterial Toxin to Measure Cholesterol Accessibility on Cell Membranes: Perfringolysin O (PFO) is a Cholesterol-dependent Cytolysin (CDC) secreted by Clostridium perfringens, the pathogenic bacteria that cause gas gangrene. (umass.edu)
Injection of Virulence Factors Through the Cell Membrane: Several pathogenic bacteria including Yersina ssp. (umass.edu)
Outer membrane and membrane vesicles (OMV/MV) are released from bacteria and participate in cell communication, biofilm formation and host-pathogen interactions. (open.ac.uk)
While bacteria and worms can take over and lead to the demise of a host, a virus is akin to Nolan's concept of an idea. (thesmartset.com)
The genus Anaplasma consists of tick-transmitted obligate intracellular bacteria that invade white or red blood cells to cause debilitating and potentially fatal infections. (usda.gov)
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)

5 SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from the airway epithelial cells of patients with viral pneumonia in Wuhan. (medsci.org)
Oral mucosal epithelial cells are the first threshold for their invasive host cells. (selfgrowth.com)
EBV can also be transmitted from EBV-infected B cells or epithelial cells to T/NK lymphocytes by cell-to-cell infection. (selfgrowth.com)
NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and γδ T cells observed in EBV-associated T/NK lymphocyte tumors are typical of EBV-infected cells and belong to the type of killer cells that attempt to kill EBV-infected B cells or epithelial cells. (selfgrowth.com)
Epithelial cells do not express CR2, and the mechanism of how EBV invades and releases from epithelial cells is not yet clear. (selfgrowth.com)
3) After primary infection, EBV spreads directly across the lateral membrane to adjacent epithelial cells. (selfgrowth.com)
EBV infection of glandular epithelial cells can cause gastric cancer and bile duct cancer, and the mechanism is unclear. (selfgrowth.com)
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor originating from gastric mucosa epithelial cells, and its onset is relatively insidious. (frontiersin.org)
Sars-CoV-2, which shares 79.6% sequence homology with Sars-CoV-1 [ 2 ] similarly infects hosts through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor in lung epithelial cells. (springer.com)
In this HOT paper , the Schmitzer group at the Université de Montréal are particularly interested in the transport of chloride ions in epithelial cells through calcium activated ion channels. (rsc.org)

They are essential for virus-cell receptor binding and the production of structurally complete virus particles. (medsci.org)
Viral glycoproteins including gp350, gHgL, gB and gp42 mediate the preferential binding of EBV to B cells by interacting with the complement receptor CR2 (CD21) on the surface of B cells, and then the envelope glycoprotein gp42 and gp85/gp25 form a fusion protein triple molecule Complex. (selfgrowth.com)
EBV-infected B cells can activate NK cells to acquire CD21 molecules through synaptic transfer, and the ectopic receptor leads to the binding of EBV to NK cells. (selfgrowth.com)
A key component in the virulence of MERS-CoV is the Spike (S) protein, which binds with the host membrane receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). (frontiersin.org)
The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)
2018 ). Here, we will solely focus on the less recognized globosides and in particular the globoside Gb 3 , which is the membrane receptor for vero toxins. (springer.com)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)

EBV shows obvious tendency to B lymphocytes, which is easy to infect B cells and convert initial B cells into proliferative lymphocytes. (selfgrowth.com)
Studies have shown that both primitive T lymphocytes and lymphoid progenitor cells can express CD21, and EBV can also infect primitive T cells and lymphoid progenitor cells by attaching to T lymphocytes through CD21. (selfgrowth.com)
The double infection of T lymphocytes and NK cells in patients with chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) has been reported in the literature, further supporting that EBV may infect the common progenitor cells of T cells and NK cells. (selfgrowth.com)
Evidence suggests that both species may also infect endothelial cells in vivo. (usda.gov)
They need to infect or invade a host cell. (biology4kids.com)
The capsid protects the core but also helps the virus infect new cells. (biology4kids.com)
The spike glycoprotein helps the virus latch onto and gain entry into the host cell, so that the virus can infect the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
The organism subsequently produces cytoplasmic inclusions in the infected cells, which then release the matured inclusions to infect adjacent cells. (medscape.com)

A potent class of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targets the envelope glycoprotein's membrane proximal exposed region (MPER) through a proposed mechanism where hypervariable loops embed into lipid bilayers and engage headgroup moieties alongside the epitope. (elifesciences.org)
This valuable study reports multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate a class of highly potent antibodies that simultaneously engage with the HIV-1 Envelope trimer and the viral membrane. (elifesciences.org)
We sought to address this phenomenon for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8, and LN01 of unique lineages which all target the semi-concealed membrane-proximal epitope region (MPER) 13 - 16 of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). (elifesciences.org)
EBV initially enters the body through the oropharyngeal mucosa and infects B cells through the binding of the viral envelope protein gp350 to CD21 on the surface of B cells. (selfgrowth.com)
The envelope can help a virus get into systems unnoticed and help them invade new host cells. (biology4kids.com)
The RNA is protected in the virus envelope (black outer ring) until a potential host cell is found. (medlineplus.gov)

It also has a role in the resistance against attack by the human complement system a Bacteriophage lambda outer membrane protein, Lom OspA/B are lipoproteins from Borrelia burgdorferi. (wikipedia.org)
Although OmpX has the same beta-sheet topology as the structurally related outer membrane protein A (OmpA) InterPro: IPR000498, their barrels differ with respect to the shear numbers and internal hydrogen-bonding networks. (wikipedia.org)
Hom (Helicobacter outer membrane) family of OMPs in H. pylori consists of four members (HomA, B, C and D). In the H. pylori genome jhp 0870 open-reading frame (ORF) that codes for HomB outer membrane protein is associated with many stomach diseases and is a novel co-marker for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) 9 , 10 . (nature.com)

PFO binds to cholesterol-containing membranes and oligomerizes to form large pores with diameters up to ~300 Å. (umass.edu)
The vast majority of this transportation occurs through ion channels or pores in the cell membrane. (rsc.org)

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites - they can only reproduce within the cell of a host organism. (thesmartset.com)
In addition, cowpox virus has been shown to inhibit intracellular transport of major histocompatibility class I molecules, allowing it to evade cytotoxic T cells. (medscape.com)

It is responsible for binding to new host cells and mediating fusion between the viral membrane, and the target cell membrane. (scienceblogs.com)

It has been suggested that lysogeny may generally have a role in bacterial survival in animal hosts, and perhaps in pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers in Canada have developed the first benzimidazolium-based synthetic ion channel and shown that it can cause damage to bacterial cells walls. (rsc.org)
Building on their research into imidazolium amphiphiles , they have developed a benzimidazolium-based compound that increases chloride flux in a variety of lipid bilayer systems, and increases bacterial cell wall permeability to calcium ions. (rsc.org)
Viruses depend completely on cells (bacterial, plant, or animal) to reproduce. (msdmanuals.com)
Our group is interested in the research of clinically relevant bacterial species that mainly cause upper and lower airway infections and their interactions with the host. (lu.se)

Scanning electron microscopy revealed flagella disappearing into cellular surfaces and transmission electron microscopy of S. Typhiumurium indicated host membrane deformation and disruption in proximity to flagella. (ed.ac.uk)
Motor mutants of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium caused reduced haemolysis compared to wild-type, indicating that membrane disruption was in part due to flagella rotation. (ed.ac.uk)
Indeed, the microdomain disruption can dampen fungus-host cell adhesion, phagocytosis and cellular immune responses. (pasteur.fr)

In fungal organisms, a complex cell wall network usually mediates the first contact with the host cells. (pasteur.fr)
The C-terminus of PFO (domain 4) mediates its initial binding to the membrane, and this binding trigger the structural rearrangements required to initiate the oligomerization of PFO monomers. (umass.edu)
The coronavirus spike protein (red) mediates the virus entry into host cells. (theepochtimes.com)

PLOS Pathogens publishes Open Access research and commentary that significantly advance the understanding of pathogens and how they interact with host organisms. (plos.org)
B-cells producing antibodies targeting host membranes are downregulated in healthy organisms 1 - 4 . (elifesciences.org)

Cell-cell fusogens of the Fusexin structural family mediate membrane merging during viral infection, fertilization, and formation of syncytial tissues. (irbbarcelona.org)
We conclude that LL-37 is rapidly internalized by MG63 cells and accumulates in mitochondria, and that the peptide triggers release of pro-apoptotic AIF and directly affects mitochondrial membrane structural properties. (lu.se)

In this study, the molecular basis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagella binding to epithelial cell cultures was investigated. (ed.ac.uk)

The studies reported in this paper demonstrate that both of these pathogens interact with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell. (usda.gov)
Here, we demonstrate that the ApV and AmV extensively interact with the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in endothelial, myeloid, and/or tick cells. (usda.gov)

The 2023 Gordon Conference on Molecular Membrane Biology will focus on the latest insights into organelle biogenesis and function, membrane trafficking, the connection to metabolism, and interorganelle communication. (grc.org)
Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)

Within an individual cell, some membrane trafficking events, including endocytic scission, also involve membrane merging that initiates on the exoplasmic side of the membrane, but how such fusion and fission occurs is not well understood. (irbbarcelona.org)
The data represent the first direct determination of the cholesterol-binding structure of a membrane protein in lipid bilayers, and moreover indicate a specific mechanism by which cholesterol concentration gradients in the membrane drive the M2 protein to the neck of the budding virus to conduct membrane scission. (lu.se)

Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)

Subcellular fractionation and Western blot disclose that stimulation with LL-37 (8 μM) for 2 h triggers release of the mitochondrial protein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the cytosol, whereas LL-37 causes no release of cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV of the inner mitochondrial membrane, suggesting that LL-37 affects mitochondrial membrane. (lu.se)
The media of mitochondria treated with LL-37 (8 μM) for 2 h contained 50% more AIF and three times more cytochrome C than that of control mitochondria, showing that LL-37 promotes release of both AIF and cytochrome C. Moreover, in vesicles reflecting mitochondrial membrane lipid composition, LL-37 stimulates membrane permeabilization and release of tracer molecules. (lu.se)

To keep using HIV-1 as an example, this precursor protein gets chopped in two, into a t rans m embrane gp41, which stays anchored in the viral membrane, and a s ub u nit gp120, which is noncovalently attached to gp41 like a lolly-pop. (scienceblogs.com)

Biotium offers two new classes of dyes for covalent labeling of the cell surface that are unique in that they can withstand fixation and permeabilization for subsequent IF staining. (biotium.com)
Induction of organellar membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with a viral capsid. (planteome.org)
Link to all annotated objects annotated to permeabilization of host organelle membrane involved in viral entry into host cell. (planteome.org)

Upon interaction with the host immune cells, OMPs stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory molecules that may result in an uncontrolled inflammation leading to the transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous cell. (nature.com)
Simulations estimating protein-membrane interaction strength for PGZL1 variants along an inferred maturation pathway show bilayer affinity is evolved and correlates with neutralization potency. (elifesciences.org)
This membrane interaction behavior is attributed to shared CDR loop features, including a long hydrophobic CDR- H3 7 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 24 - 26 , and appears to correlate with neutralization potency. (elifesciences.org)

These microbes all enjoy at least part of their lives shielded from the onslaught of white blood cells, antibodies, and other immune defenses that the body launches against pathogens that live outside of host cells. (the-scientist.com)
Cells may become infected with EBV through close contact at immune synapses. (selfgrowth.com)
As an emerging cancer immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapies (OVTs) can not only selectively lyse cancer cells, but also induce a systemic antitumor immune response. (frontiersin.org)
Activated T-cells are one of the immune cells involved in the antiviral response. (springer.com)
The normal immune response for infected immune cells is to release type 1 interferons, this gives signals to other immune cells to enhance defense against viral particles. (theepochtimes.com)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
Poxviruses use numerous strategies to evade the host immune system. (medscape.com)

The malarial pathogen, Plasmodium falciparum , grows within a vacuole formed by an invagination of the cell membrane of its erythrocyte host. (asmblog.org)
While it was recently demonstrated that the A. phagocytophilum-occupied vacuole (ApV) intercepts membrane traffic from the trans-Golgi network, it is unclear if it or the A. marginale-occupied vacuole (AmV) interacts with other secretory organelles. (usda.gov)
The videos we recorded showed the 'push and pull' interactions as the parasite landed on the red blood cell, and then entered the cell in an enclosed chamber - called a vacuole - where it grew and multiplied.There has long been contention in the field about whether the vacuole is derived from the parasite or the host cell. (edu.au)
For example, now that we know that the parasite vacuole relies on components of the red blood cell membrane, it might be possible to target these components with medicines to disrupt the parasite life cycle. (edu.au)

Cell death plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. (researchgate.net)
The results again demonstrate that the fatty acid of Gb 3 plays a pivotal role for the overall membrane organisation. (springer.com)

We have identified molecular mechanisms and culture parameters underpinning high yields and have consolidated our findings to engineer improved yeast host strains. (shu.ac.uk)
The Molecular Membrane Biology GRC is a premier, international scientific conference focused on advancing the frontiers of science through the presentation of cutting-edge and unpublished research, prioritizing time for discussion after each talk and fostering informal interactions among scientists of all career stages. (grc.org)
The meeting will include sessions on novel techniques and their application in molecular membrane biology, and relevance for diseases. (grc.org)
This GRC will be held in conjunction with the "Molecular Membrane Biology" Gordon Research Seminar (GRS). (grc.org)
We employ a variety of biophysical, biochemical, and molecular biological approaches to study protein structure, protein-membrane and protein-protein interactions. (umass.edu)
The GP42 in the complex is combined with the HLA II molecular molecules, and caused the virus cell fusion under the participation of GP85/GP25 and GP110 glycoprotein. (selfgrowth.com)
State-of-the-art video microscopy has enabled WEHI researchers to see the molecular details of how malaria parasites invade red blood cells - a key step in the disease. (edu.au)
The researchers used a custom-built lattice light sheet microscope - the first in Australia - to capture high-resolution videos of individual parasites invading red blood cells, and visualise the molecular and cellular changes that occur throughout this process. (edu.au)
We used microscopy - specifically a state-of-the-art approach, lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM) - to follow the intricate cellular and molecular changes that occur when the malaria parasite invades red blood cells. (edu.au)

We find it pleasing that distantly related eukaryotic pa--thogens also appear to share a common mechanism - a mechanism that involves eukaryote membrane gymnastics such as secretory vesicles, exocytosis, and endocytosis. (asmblog.org)

Then, evolving tolerance or even affinity to lipid bilayers could be beneficial in recognition of membrane-proximal epitopes, for example gaining avidity and specificity via cooperative interactions simultaneously with the epitope and membrane. (elifesciences.org)

It binds to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (blue) and fuses viral and host membranes. (theepochtimes.com)

Cholesterol accessibility or the "ability" of cholesterol to interact with water-soluble molecules at the membrane surface, is modulated by the total cholesterol content and the composition of the membrane. (umass.edu)
With these molecules in hand, it became possible to investigate the phase behaviour of liquid ordered/liquid disordered supported membranes doped with the Gb 3 species by means of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. (springer.com)
[2] Using some of these molecules the Bdellovibrio creates a protective environment by reinforcing the peptidoglycan cell wall of the host in which it now dwells using amidases and transpeptidases . (eol.org)

Invited talks will feature a broad range of topics including membrane biogenesis, protein sorting to organelles, metabolic regulation of organelle biogenesis, autophagy, protein and organelle quality control, lipid homeostasis, interorganelle contact sites, host-pathogen interactions, and the mechanism of organelle fission and fusion. (grc.org)
It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)

All-atom simulations of 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8 and LN01 docked onto HIV-like membranes consistently form phospholipid complexes at key complementarity-determining region loop sites, solidifying that stable and specific lipid interactions anchor bnAbs to membrane surfaces. (elifesciences.org)
Most cholesterol sensors measure total cholesterol, however cholesterol accessibility can be altered by changes in the phospholipid composition of a membrane at a constant cholesterol concentration, like by action of phospholipases or sphingomyelinases. (umass.edu)

2) For the HIV fusion protein gp41, we have determined the oligomeric structure of the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) and the TMD. (lu.se)

Entry into host cells is an important determinant of infectivity and infection and pathogenesis of viruses. (springer.com)
While there some advanced viruses that seem fancy, viruses don't have any of the parts you would normally think of when you think of a cell. (biology4kids.com)
Examples of retroviruses are the human immunodeficiency viruses and the human T-cell leukemia viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

The S2' site is cleaved by host proteases, facilitating membrane fusion and viral entry into host cells. (news-medical.net)
A mutation in this region, depicted in yellow, could theoretically increase proteolytic activity and membrane fusion, thereby causing greater infectivity. (news-medical.net)
The mutation at 25088bp occurred in the S2 subunit of the viral spike protein, which plays a vital role in virus-host membrane fusion and viral entry. (news-medical.net)
Therefore, the local lipid composition of the membrane is a key regulator of the site of virus-cell fusion. (lu.se)
We find that this domain is trimerized in the lipid membrane with a helix-turn-helix conformation, suggesting that this domain stabilizes the trimer structure of gp41 and promotes membrane curvature during the fusion process. (lu.se)
Then the liposome-mediated membrane fusion strategy was used to image miR-21 in EVs to discriminate miR-21-positive EVs from the whole EVs populations. (bvsalud.org)
Importantly, we observed that loss of N-myristoylation resulted in greatly reduced infectivity of assembled mature virus particles, characterized by significantly reduced host cell entry and a decline in membrane fusion activity of progeny virus. (cdc.gov)

Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, many genomic studies have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 genome undergoes recurrent mutations, indicating a continuous viral adaptation process inside host cells. (news-medical.net)
Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)
Cowpox virus has no latent stage and does not integrate its DNA into the host genome. (medscape.com)

This cell wall may contain virulence factors that interfere with the host membrane microdomains dynamics, potentially impacting the infection outcome. (pasteur.fr)

OspA and OspB share 53% amino acid identity and likely have a similar antiparallel "free-standing" β sheet protein structure associated with the outer membrane surface via a lipidated NH2-terminal cysteine residue. (wikipedia.org)

Flagella interactions with host cell surfaces were intimate and crossed cellular boundaries as demarcated by actin and membrane labelling. (ed.ac.uk)
We propose that flagella interactions with host cell membranes and cytoskeletal components may help prime intimate attachment and invasion for E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, respectively. (ed.ac.uk)
Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)
You will also employ functional assays investigating host-pathogen interactions in vitro, such as serum bactericidal assay or adherence to eukaryotic cells. (lu.se)

Understanding the yeast host cell response to recombinant membrane protein production. (shu.ac.uk)
By relieving the bottlenecks to recombinant membrane protein production in yeast, we aim to contribute to the drug discovery pipeline, while providing insight into translational processes. (shu.ac.uk)
Bdellovibrio is grown in the laboratory in its stationary HI (host-independent) phase at 29°C on yeast peptone broth agar . (eol.org)

It divides to replicate and then leaves via a final lysis of the host's cell wall and membranes. (eol.org)

As the host cells rupture, the trypomastigotes are released into the lymphatics and bloodstream, through which they spread to distant sites and invade new host cells. (medscape.com)

Here, we provide an overview of regulatory strategies employed by pathogenic fungi to engage with and potentially subvert the lipid microdomains of host cells. (pasteur.fr)

Clinical disease is caused by the asexual forms of the parasite that replicate within red blood cells (RBCs). (nature.com)
An advanced microscopy platform, called lattice light sheet microscopy, has been used to obtain detailed, real-time videos of the malaria parasite invading red blood cells. (edu.au)
Many of the serious symptoms of malaria occur because of the invasion and growth of the Plasmodium parasite in an infected person's red blood cells, said Dr Rogers, who is the head of WEHI's Centre for Dynamic Imaging . (edu.au)
Understanding in better detail exactly how the parasite invades red blood cells may reveal new ways to stop this stage of the parasite life cycle, potentially leading to much-needed new therapies," she said. (edu.au)
The epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi is the multiplying stage of the parasite that grows in the gut of the insect vector and also in cell-free culture medium as shown here. (medscape.com)

A better understanding of how antibodies develop membrane affinity and target membrane-proximal epitopes would be impactful for antibody therapeutics, auto-immunity, and vaccine development 10 - 12 . (elifesciences.org)
It had evidence of selective pressure and recombination, 1 glycosylation site, 48 phosphorylation sites, 60 dominant B cell epitopes, and 9 peptides of MHC-I and MHC-II. (bvsalud.org)

However, pathogens have also evolved strategies to exploit these domains to invade cells and survive. (pasteur.fr)
Upon entrance into the tick, both pathogens are obligated to establish a niche within the cells of the tick midgut. (usda.gov)

Anatomy54

Organisms23

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs75

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science4

Health Care1

Proteins45

Plasma membrane7

Receptors5

Lipids3

Cytoplasm8

Mammalian13

Antigen10

Transmembrane2

Bacteria10

Epithelial cells10

Receptor7

Infect8

Envelope6

Outer membrane protein3

Pores2

Intracellular2

Target cell membrane1

Bacterial5

Disruption3

Mediates3

Organisms2

Structural2

Salmonella1

Endoplasmic2

Metabolism2

Scission2

Localization1

Mitochondrial2

Viral membrane1

Permeabilization3

Interaction3

Immune7

Vacuole4

Plays a pivotal role2

Molecular9

Vesicles1

Lipid bilayers1

Binds1

Molecules3

Mechanism2

Phospholipid2

Oligomeric1

Viruses3

Fusion7

Genome3

Virulence factors1

Protein structure1

Interactions4

Yeast3

Host's1

Invade new host cells1

Pathogenic1

Parasite5

Epitopes2

Pathogens2