Host bacterial secretion systems. Medical search. Frequent questions

Chlamydia trachomatis are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause ocular and genital infections, which are a significant public health concern worldwide. (europa.eu)
These pathogens express a type III secretion system molecular syringe that injects bacterial effectors into the target cells, subverting host pathways and allowing successful colonisation, thus making C. rodentium an invaluable tool to investigate virulence mechanisms, mucosal immunity and host adaptation. (imperial.ac.uk)
Overall my research aims to elucidate how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are able to successfully cause disease. (dundee.ac.uk)
A potential pathogen must be able to compete against host microflora, other pathogens and other residents of environmental reservoirs in order to mount a successful infection. (dundee.ac.uk)
All together, these areas contribute towards a better understanding of how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens interact with each other and with the host organism to proliferate and cause disease. (dundee.ac.uk)
We study a number of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, mostly members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including the human pathogens Serratia marcescens , E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae , and the plant pathogens Erwinia spp. (dundee.ac.uk)
If you've ever suffered the misery of food poisoning from a bacterium like Shigella or Salmonella, then your cells have been on the receiving end of "nanoinjectors"-microscopic spikes made from proteins through which pathogens secrete effector proteins into human host cells, causing infection. (phys.org)
Nanoinjectors are protein machinery used by bacterial pathogens to inject virulence proteins into human cells to cause infectious diseases . (phys.org)
Most people have heard of the diseases caused by bacterial pathogens that employ nanoinjectors-several of which have changed the course of the human experience for the worse. (phys.org)
My interest is to understand in atomic detail how the needle is assembled and extend that knowledge into developing drugs that will disrupt the assembly of the nanoinjectors and thereby prevent pathogens from infecting their hosts," said De Guzman. (phys.org)
My laboratory is interested in understanding, treating, and preventing diarrheal disease caused by bacterial pathogens. (k-state.edu)
These pathogens, as well as other enteric bacteria that use contact-dependent secretion systems, represent important threats to food safety, biosecurity, and animal health. (k-state.edu)
The goal of this study was to define how bacterial pathogens exploit eukaryotic secretory pathways. (k-state.edu)
Regulation of type III secretion hierarchy of translocators and effectors in attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. (k-state.edu)
This study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogens present in infected wounds and characterise their resistance profile to the most common antibiotics used in therapy. (scienceopen.com)
The molecular strategies that bacterial and viral pathogens use to colonize the human body and cause disease will be studied. (sfu.ca)
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens with an unusual biphasic lifecycle, which is underpinned by two bacterial forms of distinct structure and function. (bbk.ac.uk)
Necrotrophic pathogens derive their nutrition from dead tissue, and many produce toxins specifically to trigger programmed cell death in their hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
important virulence determinants of several bacterial pathogens, including and varieties3,4. (phytid.org)
Given the conservation of T6SS in several human bacterial pathogens, the discovery of an effective broad-spectrum T6SS virulence blocker represents an attractive target for development of antivirulence therapies. (crcm-marseille.fr)
In contrast to antibiotics that inhibit the growth pathways of bacteria, the antivirulence strategy is a promising approach to disarm pathogens by interfering with bacterial virulence factors without exerting evolutionary pressure. (crcm-marseille.fr)
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is used by many pathogens, including members of the antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE bacteria (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. (crcm-marseille.fr)
Our interests began with the study of how cytosolic inflammasome sensors detect bacterial pathogens. (unclineberger.org)
We study host adapted pathogens such as Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes. (unclineberger.org)
Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)
Further, we study strategies developed by bacterial pathogens in order to avoid killing by complement, which results in infections. (lu.se)
Each individ- cluding immune cells, but also the was previously cal ed the gastroin- ual harbours hundreds of different metabolic and nervous systems), testinal flora or microflora, the more species, most of which have not and protecting against pathogens pragmatic term "microbiota" is now yet been cultured. (who.int)

The fellowship will be hosted by a partnership between the South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine (SYRDITM), the Department of Microbiology of the Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (Royal Hallamshire Hospital and Northern General Hospital sites) and the Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease (IICD), University of Sheffield Medical School. (sheffield.ac.uk)
SYRDITM provides specialised services for HIV, Hepatitis, TB, community-acquired infection, travel medicine and infections in immunocompromised hosts. (sheffield.ac.uk)
The Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence determinant associated with acute Pseudomonas infection. (vt.edu)
Mice deficient in NLRP3 or caspase-1/11 were similar to wild-type mice in the development and resolution of splenomegaly, histologic lesions and macrophage kinetics, but a suggestion of slightly higher pulmonary bacterial burdens at peak infection. (usda.gov)
While I have now incorporated in vivo models to my research, molecular and cell biology are still a main part of research and my interests still lie on the host response to infection. (imperial.ac.uk)
The most common clinical Y pseudotuberculosis syndromes are self-limited enterocolitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis (pseudoappendicitis), but septicemia may occur in immunocompromised hosts, resulting in metastatic infection. (medscape.com)
An increase in temperature for an infection-causing bacterium like P. aeruginosa often means that it has successfully conquered a host and found a new location to live. (ucalgary.ca)
Due to this, many antibiotics become useless in the fight against this bacterium while the immune system also struggles to clear the bacterial infection. (ucalgary.ca)
This research was carried out to characterize the alteration of pulmonary responses to bacterial infection by DEP and the effect of DEP on alveolar macrophage (AM) function using a rat model. (cdc.gov)
By inhibiting AM function, DEP may increase the susceptibility of the lung to bacterial infection. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial toxins damage the host at the site of bacterial infection or distant from the site. (springer.com)
Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrates that receptor-based virtual screening with a permissive ('fuzzy') pharmacophore model can help identify small bioactive agents for combating bacterial infection. (uni-frankfurt.de)
This theme seems to be common in bacterial infection, because the Ipa-Mxi-Spa-like type III secretion systems were also down-regulated during mammalian cell infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157. (strath.ac.uk)
This review will focus on the most relevant components of UPEC arsenal of pathogenicity together with the major host responses to infection, the current approved treatment and the emergence of resistant UPEC strains, the vaccine strategies, the natural antimicrobial compounds along with innovative anti-adhesive and prophylactic approaches to prevent UTIs. (scienceopen.com)
Bacterial isolates from infected wounds and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern: some remarks about wound infection. (scienceopen.com)
The human urinary tract is one of the most common sites of bacterial infection and most of them are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). (esrf.fr)
During the infection, UPEC adhere to host epithelial cells by using specific extracellular adhesive organelles termed pili. (esrf.fr)
The most common cause of stomach ulcers is bacterial infection by Helicobacter pylori . (healthnews.com)
For years, combined therapies, including antibiotics for bacterial infection and proton pump inhibitors to decrease acid secretion, were used. (healthnews.com)
The pyroptotic and bactericidal activity of GSDMB is a host response to infection by the bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri, which employs the virulence effector IpaH7.8 to ubiquitinate and target GSDMB for proteasome-dependent degradation. (bvsalud.org)
The definition of infection is, 'Invasion of the body by living pathogenic microorganisms which reproduce and multiply, causing disease by local cellular injury, secretion of a toxin, or antigen-antibody reaction in the host. (dentistryiq.com)
This is the bacterial infection aspect of periodontal disease. (dentistryiq.com)
Subgingival bacterial biofilm accumulates and matures in the sulcus, releasing toxins that penetrate the junctional epithelium and pass into the underlying connective tissues - infection. (dentistryiq.com)
Infection ties in the importance of the bacterial component. (dentistryiq.com)
Telling patients they have a 'bacterial infection' gets their attention faster than discussing 'gingival inflammation. (dentistryiq.com)
The risk for infection with MDR organisms appears to depend much more on specific risk factors of the given patient than on contact with various aspects of the healthcare system. (medscape.com)
HAP is a common nosocomial bacterial infection and is most prevalent in medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs). (medscape.com)
Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) represents a bacterial infection of the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
Although the prostatitis symptom complex is not always caused by a bacterial infection, traditional teaching states that bacteria are the cause and require an antibiotic for treatment. (medscape.com)
Continuing research, using sophisticated research methods, further elucidates that bacterial infection is the cause for more cases of prostatitis. (medscape.com)
It is a bacterial infection, most commonly with E coli . (medscape.com)
The host response to this infection is an important factor in determining the extent and severity of the disease. (medscape.com)

Specifically, they are the cellular devices used by pathogenic bacteria to secrete their virulence factors (mainly of proteins) to invade the host cells. (wikipedia.org)
One process is a one-step mechanism in which proteins from the cytoplasm of bacteria are transported and delivered directly through the cell membrane into the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
Another involves a two-step activity in which the proteins are first transported out of the inner cell membrane, then deposited in the periplasm, and finally through the outer cell membrane into the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
The general secretion (Sec) involves secretion of unfolded proteins that first remain inside the cells. (wikipedia.org)
The twin arginine translocation (Tat) system is similar to Sec in the process of protein secretion, however, it sends proteins only in their folded (tertiary) state. (wikipedia.org)
The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a multiprotein device that has emerged as an important fitness and virulence factor for many Gram-negative bacteria through the injection of effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells via a contractile mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
While some effector proteins specifically target bacterial or eukaryotic cells, others can target both types of cells (trans-kingdom effectors). (frontiersin.org)
He is working on developing a workflow for prototyping proteins using cell-free systems and machine learning. (imperial.ac.uk)
Dashed boxes indicate the proteins that function in flagellar secretion, either in the membrane-bound part of the apparatus or in delivery of substrate. (nature.com)
T3S assays performed with T3S-competent Y. enterocolitica or with an isogenic T3S-deficient strain individually expressing the TEM-1 fusions revealed a statistically significant higher level of secretion of 22 fusion proteins relative to RplJ20-TEM-1. (europa.eu)
Thirteen proteins showed a statistically significant higher level of secretion than full-length C. trachomatis RplJ. (europa.eu)
We also tested secretion of 11 out of these 13 proteins when expressed from an arabinose-inducible promoter in Y. enterocolitica, which revealed T3S-dependent secretion of 7 proteins. (europa.eu)
Shotgun metagenomes and metagenome-assembled genomes further revealed that freshwater sponge-associated bacteria share many genomic similarities with marine sponge microbiota, including an abundance of defense-related proteins (CRISPR, restriction-modification systems, and transposases) and genes for vitamin B12 production. (nature.com)
Protein secretion systems are molecular machines used by bacterial cells to translocate specific sets of proteins out of the bacterial cell, either to the extracellular milieu or directly into target cells (eukaryotic or prokaryotic. (dundee.ac.uk)
Secretion systems, and the diverse proteins that they secrete, represent key virulence factors against eukaryotic host organisms. (dundee.ac.uk)
Our largest research area is the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) , which is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is a complex, dynamic nanomachine which 'fires' toxic effector proteins into target cells. (dundee.ac.uk)
A family of Type VI secretion system effector proteins that form ion-selective pores. (dundee.ac.uk)
They are nanoscale is size-they look like needles and bacteria use them to inject virulence proteins into host cells-so I called them nanoinjectors. (phys.org)
To facilitate this process, S. flexneri uses a type III secretion system (TTSS) to form a pore in host cell membranes and deliver translocator and effector proteins to the targeted host cells. (ku.edu)
Bacterial colonies with active TdcA proteins looked completely different depending on different temperatures. (ucalgary.ca)
Additionally, bacterial virulence proteins utilize many molecular mechanisms that are also conserved among viruses of importance to biosecurity. (k-state.edu)
My research team has discovered several mechanisms by which bacterial proteins subvert the host innate immune system to promote bacterial colonization and transmission. (k-state.edu)
The goal of this study is to characterize E. coli virulence proteins that disrupt the host immune response. (k-state.edu)
Both systems export the Hcp ( H aemolysin- C oregulated P rotein) and presumably a class of proteins named Vgr ( V al- G ly R epeats), whose exact function is still speculative. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to Vgr and Hcp proteins, the actual hallmark of this novel system is the presence of an AAA+ Clp-like ATPase and of two additional genes icmF and dotU , encoding homologs of T4SS stabilising proteins [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To survive in contact to eukaryotic cells, many bacteria employ the type III secretion system, a molecular syringe, to inject proteins into their host cells. (metaorganism-research.com)
Bacterial toxins can be single proteins or oligomeric protein complexes that are organized with distinct AB structure-function properties. (springer.com)
The systems mediate a complicated membrane transport procedure that directly provides bacterial effector proteins from bacterial cytoplasm into eukaryotic cell cytoplasm to allow bacterial infections. (phytid.org)
Eukaryotic lipid and fatty acid metabolism remains a critical challenge for studies at the atomic, molecular and cellular scale: In contrast to simple prokaryotic systems, fatty acid metabolism in eukaryotes builds upon large multienzymes, which integrate multiple catalytic activities into giant proteins. (unibas.ch)
Other factors include YadA, which is responsible, but apparently not necessary, for invasion, the surface protein MyfA, which promotes cellular attachment, the outer proteins (Yops), which inhibit host defense by inducing apoptosis, and a chromosomal regulon (PhoP/Q), which allows bacterial survival in macrophages. (medscape.com)
Previous work in this area has been on modeling the assembly structure of the type III secretion system and prediction of the high-resolution structures of homo-oligomeric proteins using limited experimental data from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in order to speed up the process of structure determination. (lu.se)
This macromolecular assembly comprises more than 20 conserved proteins that form a series of ring-like structures and a needle-shaped protrusion, which allows the transport of proteins into a host cell. (lu.se)

These effectors manipulate host cell processes to enable e. g. bacterial invasion, acquisition of nutrients, inhibition of apoptosis, or interference with immune signalling. (europa.eu)
For this, specifically we aimed to (i) identify novel C. trachomatis type III secretion (T3S) effectors and (ii) further understand the secretion and function of known effectors. (europa.eu)
To screen for novel T3S effectors of C. trachomatis, we used Yersinia enterocolitica as a genetically tractable surrogate bacterial species assembling a T3S apparatus, which has been shown to recognise heterologous T3S substrates. (europa.eu)
The goal of this study was to determine how bacterial effectors inhibit type I interferon production. (k-state.edu)
Complex interactions between Gram-negative bacteria and their environment are facilitated by numerous surface-attached and exported macromolecules, some of which represent bacterial toxins and effectors. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial entry and replication require a type III secretion system (T3SS), a widely conserved nanomachine responsible for the translocation of virulence effectors into host cells. (bbk.ac.uk)
consists of one group of TTSS program, which translocates four bacterial effectors into sponsor cells to facilitate creating and disseminating severe attacks. (phytid.org)
By injecting these effectors, TTSS acts as an integral virulent determinant of for effective illness of mammalian hosts. (phytid.org)

Our lab studies host - microbe interaction at the cellular and molecular level and develops antimicrobials against the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa . (vt.edu)
Coxiella burnetii is a bacterial pathogen of both ruminant livestock and human beings, and most human Q Fever outbreaks have been blamed on ruminant livestock. (usda.gov)
Coxiella burnetii, a highly adapted obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen and the cause of the zoonosis Q fever, is a re-emerging public health threat. (usda.gov)
My current research focusses on host-pathogen interactions at the mucosal surface, focussing on the intestine and lungs. (imperial.ac.uk)
For many of our studies we use the potent anti-bacterial T6SS of the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens as a model system. (dundee.ac.uk)
A bacterial pathogen uses distinct type III secretion systems to alternate between host kingdoms. (osu.edu)
In many cases, vaccines are not available or are ineffective, and the basic molecular microbiology of the host-pathogen interaction is relatively poorly understood. (k-state.edu)
Studying the system in live Yersinia enterocolitica , a human gastrointestinal pathogen, both in isolation and in contact to host cells, we have found that parts of the type III secretion system are dynamic: they constantly exchange between the machinery and a cytosolic pool during the function of the system. (metaorganism-research.com)
Provided the vital function of SpuDEGHF in transport of and it ultrahigh affinity to polyamine indicators18, we believed it could be feasible to paralyse pathogen-host conversation through synthesis from the transporter-targeting chemical substance inhibitors. (phytid.org)
Understanding the interaction between the gene expression of a pathogen and that of its human host is important for the understanding of a particular infectious disease. (pressbooks.pub)
Barrier agains t pathogen s gut bacterial genes in the MetaHIT ation when attempting to extrapolate [10], although Proteobacteria, Ver- catalogue were also well represent- results obtained in mouse models to rucomicrobia, and Fusobacteria are ed in the other metagenomes that the situation in humans. (who.int)

Also, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the number one cause of mortality among cystic fibrosis patients and a major source of secondary hospital infections, and Chlamydia, a major source of bacterial sexually transmitted disease . (phys.org)
On the opposite side, the bladder epithelium shows a multifaceted array of host defenses including the urine flow and the secretion of antimicrobial substances, which represent useful tools to counteract bacterial infections. (scienceopen.com)
These findings provide insights into the versatile functions of GSDMB, which could open new avenues for therapeutic interventions for diseases, including cancers and bacterial infections. (bvsalud.org)
Human health is threatened by bacterial infections that are increasingly resistant to multiple drugs. (crcm-marseille.fr)
Continued research of occult bacterial infections as the cause of prostatitis syndrome is ongoing and will lead to further effective treatments for prostatitis symptoms. (medscape.com)
Complement is crucial part of innate immunity and thus protects host from infections and contributes to removal of dying cells. (lu.se)
One of the most common chronic bacterial oral infections, periodontitis, affects the supporting structures of the teeth. (medscape.com)

Bacterial secretion systems are protein complexes present on the cell membranes of bacteria for secretion of substances. (wikipedia.org)
But in Gram-positive bacteria, the protein can stay in the cell or is mostly transported out of the bacteria using other secretion systems. (wikipedia.org)
Among Gram-negative bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Yersinia enterocolitica use the Sec system. (wikipedia.org)
Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacteria that use the Sec system. (wikipedia.org)
Secretion of antibiotics is one means by which bacteria interact with neighboring microbes and sometimes change community composition. (nih.gov)
When bacteria decide to settle down in a human body, they produce biofilm, which is bacteria surrounded in a sticky, slimy layer of its own secretions. (ucalgary.ca)
The genes encoding T6SS have been reported a few years ago as being present in different bacterial species, although it was not clear at that time whether those genes act together or are important in bacteria-host interactions [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our new results reveal that this dynamic behavior helps to adapt the system to changing external conditions and needs of the bacteria. (metaorganism-research.com)
In the talk, I will present the basics of type III secretion, some of our most interesting new findings, as well as applications of protein dynamics in bacteria. (metaorganism-research.com)
The bacteria experienced restricted levels of iron, magnesium, and phosphate in both host cell types, as shown by up-regulation of the sitABCD system, the mgtA gene, and genes of the phoBR regulon. (strath.ac.uk)
These are assembled by the so-called chaperone-usher (CU) pathway, one of the best-characterised secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria [1] . (esrf.fr)
Probiotics are living microorganisms, mainly bacteria, and research studies have shown that these microorganisms have different contributions to host health according to current diseases, metabolic and microbiome status, and treatment duration. (healthnews.com)
c-di-GMP regulates many behavioral changes in other bacteria in response to changing environmental conditions, including biofilm formation, but this signaling system has not been examined in S. flexneri. (bvsalud.org)
If the immune system is healthy, this destruction is a small price to pay for effectively controlling the bacteria in the sulcus. (dentistryiq.com)
The number of bacteria and the virulence of their toxins can overwhelm the immune system. (dentistryiq.com)
What may be a manageable level of bacteria in one mouth may lead to destruction in someone with immune system problems. (dentistryiq.com)
A compromised immune system sends out the PMNs but they may not be effective at phagocytosis when they reach the bacteria. (dentistryiq.com)
For example, we showed that NLRC4-caspase-1 detects the activity of the bacterial type III secretion system, whereas caspase-11 detects the LPS shed from Gram-negative bacteria that invade the cytosol. (unclineberger.org)
Bats are key hosts in the radiation of mammal-associated Bartonella bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Genotyping of Bartonella bacteria and their animal hosts: current status and perspectives. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria enter this biofilm, which protects them from the mechanical flow of urine, host defenses, and antibiotics, making bacterial elimination difficult. (msdmanuals.com)
We showed that one common strategy is to bind complement inhibitor C4BP, which leads to decreased opsonisation of bacteria with C3b impairing phagocytosis and allowing bacterial survival. (lu.se)
It appears that binding of C4BP is a general mechanism of protection used by bacteria that come into contact with blood or mucosal secretions. (lu.se)
In 2014, the MetaHIT consortium by bacteria of the genera Lacto- alytical method used: 66 from 16S published an integrated catalogue bacillus , Prevotella , and Sneathia , rDNA sequencing [11] or 57 from of 10 million bacterial genes de- whereas for infants delivered by whole-metagenome sequencing [5]. (who.int)

It is increasingly becoming recognised that protein secretion systems can also be important mediators of competition between bacterial cells, with such systems delivering anti-bacterial toxins. (dundee.ac.uk)
We are interested in the molecular mechanisms and regulation of the T6SS machinery, but also in the identification and characterisation of new anti-bacterial toxins secreted by the system. (dundee.ac.uk)
Bacterial toxins also catalyze the non-covalent modification of host protein function or can modify host cell properties through direct protein-protein interactions. (springer.com)
Bacterial toxins are often characterized based upon the secretion mechanism that delivers the toxin out of the bacterium, termed types I-VII. (springer.com)
This review summarizes the major families of bacterial toxins and also describes the specific structure-function properties of the botulinum neurotoxins. (springer.com)
UPEC strains possess a plethora of both structural (as fimbriae, pili, curli, flagella) and secreted (toxins, iron-acquisition systems) virulence factors that contribute to their capacity to cause disease, although the ability to adhere to host epithelial cells in the urinary tract represents the most important determinant of pathogenicity. (scienceopen.com)
Emphasis will be placed on the specific microbes and their virulence factors, secretion systems, toxins and surface adhesions. (sfu.ca)
That happens when the junctional epithelium is altered by volatile sulfur compounds and becomes more permeable, allowing bacterial toxins to pass through into the underlying tissues. (dentistryiq.com)
Bacterial toxins trigger the immune system, sending signals that the body recognizes and responds to by sending white blood cells - polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) - to the area. (dentistryiq.com)

S. flexneri evaded pyroptosis mediated by caspase-11 or caspase 4 (hereafter referred to as caspase-11/4) using a type III secretion system (T3SS) effector, OspC3. (bvsalud.org)
Our goal is to determine the molecular architecture of the type III secretion system (T3SS), where non-structural as well as low and high-resolution structural information are available. (lu.se)

However, the molecular mechanism of host cell death caused by ExoU remains unknown. (vt.edu)
As a result of the development of modern Biotechnology, there is an explosive amount of information on the interactions between pathogenic microorganisms and their mammalian hosts at the cellular and molecular level. (usf.edu)
Prior to their secretion, IpaB and IpaC are stored in the bacterial cytoplasm where they individually associate with the molecular chaperone IpgC. (ku.edu)

Some evidence for a different view has also been reported: it was observed that type III secretion in Yersinia enterocolitica was prevented by the protonophore CCCP 7 , and it was shown that the secretion ATPase InvC of Salmonella functions to dissociate export substrate from the chaperone 8 , a role distinct from transport itself. (nature.com)
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a cold-tolerant bacterial species in the family Enterobacteriaceae that most commonly causes foodborne illness, typically enterocolitis or mesenteric lymphadenitis (pseudoappendicitis) in children. (medscape.com)
Because of its 97% DNA homology with the agent that causes plague , Yersinia pestis, Y pseudotuberculosis is believed to have been the progenitor of the plague bacillus and is considered a model of bacterial evolution. (medscape.com)
The pathogenic Yersinia species possess a wide range of chromosomal and plasmid-derived virulence factors, which allow entry, adherence, invasion, dissemination, and release from the host. (medscape.com)
Structure of the Yersinia injectisome in intracellular host cell phagosomes revealed by cryo FIB electron tomography. (mpg.de)

Indole, as an interspecies and interkingdom signaling molecule, plays important roles in bacterial pathogenesis and eukaryotic immunity. (nih.gov)
The availability of hundreds of bacterial genomes allowed a comparative genomic study of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), recently discovered as being involved in pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent reports demonstrated the importance of T6SS in pathogenesis of several bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
Giannella RA (1981) Pathogenesis of acute bacterial diarrheal disorders. (springer.com)

The Wss/Esx (ESAT-6 system) pathway is sometimes called a type VII secretion system (T7SS) despite being an export pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Weak swarming motility and rare flagella were observed in a mutant deleted for FliI and for the non-flagellar type-III secretion ATPases InvJ and SsaN. (nature.com)
These findings show that the flagellar secretion apparatus functions as a proton-driven protein exporter and that ATP hydrolysis is not essential for type III secretion. (nature.com)
Homologues of FliI also occur in the type III secretion apparatus of injectisomes and are usually assumed to energize export in those systems as well. (nature.com)
The energy source for type III secretion thus remains uncertain. (nature.com)
To address the energy requirements for type III secretion, we first measured the effect of the uncoupler CCCP on flagellar export in S. enterica , assayed by accumulation of the export substrate FlgM in the medium. (nature.com)
C. burnetii employs a Type IV secretion system (T4SS) to establish and maintain its intracellular niche and to modulate host immune responses including the inhibition of apoptosis, a form of caspase-mediated cell death. (usda.gov)
I also have past and present interest in other secretion systems, including the Type II secretion system. (dundee.ac.uk)
Multiple mechanisms of competition exist, both contact-dependent, such as the Type VI secretion system, and contact-independent, such as the production of diffusible secondary metabolites, including classical antibiotics. (dundee.ac.uk)
In microbiology, they are known as part of the type III secretion system, a protein delivery machinery. (phys.org)
Dissecting the bacterial type VI secretion system by a genome wide in silico analysis: what can be learned from available microbial genomic resources? (biomedcentral.com)
My group wants to understand the function and regulation of the type III secretion system. (metaorganism-research.com)
Quorum sensing is a type of bacterial communication that occurs via the secretion of autoinducer molecules (5). (kenyon.edu)
Dumoux, Maud and Nans, Andrea and Saibil, Helen R. and Hayward, Richard D. (2015) Making connections: snapshots of chlamydial type III secretion systems in contact with host membranes. (bbk.ac.uk)
Type IV secretion system effector AnkX from Legionella. (expasy.org)
VopS, a type III secretion system effector from Vibrio that causes eukaryotic cell cytotoxicity. (expasy.org)
BepA, an anti-apoptotic bacterial effector protein, which is a type IV secretion system substrate. (expasy.org)
Inhibiting Type VI Secretion System Activity with a Biomimetic Peptide Designed To Target the Baseplate Wedge Complex. (crcm-marseille.fr)
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread secretion nanomachine encoded and employed by pathogenic strains to establish their virulence process during host invasion. (crcm-marseille.fr)
11] These include Type III Secretion system-encoded virulence plasmid pYV, the YPMa mitogen A superantigen, and the chromosomal high-pathogenicity island (HPI). (medscape.com)
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread antibacterial weapon used by many pathogenic. (sinica.edu.tw)
Cryo-EM structure of the extended type VI secretion system sheath-tube complex. (mpg.de)
Structure of a bacterial type III secretion system in contact with a host membrane in situ. (mpg.de)
Type I is acute bacterial prostatitis, which is a well-defined infectious disease of the lower urinary tract. (medscape.com)
Evolutionary dynamics of pathoadaptation revealed by three independent acquisitions of the VirB/D4 type IV secretion system in Bartonella. (cdc.gov)
Sanowar S, Singh P, Pfuetzner RA, Andre I, Zheng H, Spreter T, Strynadka NC, Baker D, Goodlett DR and Miller S. Interactions of the Transmembrane Polymeric Rings of the Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Type III Secretion System. (lu.se)
A catalogue of 178 reference bacterial birth, and the delivery type is the first core of species has been identified genomes distributed among different factor that has an impact. (who.int)

The goal of this study is to characterize a glycosyltransferase associated with bacterial virulence. (k-state.edu)

Bacterial flagella contain a specialized secretion apparatus that functions to deliver the protein subunits that form the filament and other structures to outside the membrane 1 . (nature.com)
Modulation of host cytoskeleton function by the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium effector protein EspG. (k-state.edu)
The bacterial virulence factor NleA inhibits cellular protein secretion by disrupting mammalian COPII function. (k-state.edu)
Bacterial effector binding to ribosomal protein S3 subverts NF-B function. (k-state.edu)

Цукровий діабет (ЦД) Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees of peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia. (msdmanuals.com)
Recently, we initiated projects focused on studies of intracellular complement such as role of complement inhibitor CD59 in insulin secretion and C3 in regulation of autophagy. (lu.se)

Caoimhe's project is focused on developing metrology standards for mammalian cell-free systems. (imperial.ac.uk)

This mini-review will summarize the mechanisms that have evolved in diverse microbes and hosts for controlling PCD and the Gene Ontology terms developed by the Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO) Consortium for describing those mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

In daycare centers, respiratory organisms spread easily through large droplet transmission among young children with poor hygienic habits who share toys contaminated with respiratory secretions or saliva. (cdc.gov)
Person to person - Via direct contact with vesicular fluid or via droplets from respiratory tract secretions. (cdc.gov)
Aspiration pneumonia results from aspiration of colonized upper respiratory tract secretions. (medscape.com)
The development of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) represents an imbalance between normal host defenses and the ability of microorganisms to colonize and then invade the lower respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
The oral cavity, being considered as "the intersection of dentistry and medicine" and "the window to general health", contains some of the most varied and vast flora in the human body and is the main entrance for two systems vital to human function and physiology, the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. (medscape.com)

Interestingly, while both systems have been linked to virulence and host colonization in S . Dublin, an antibacterial activity has not been detected for T6SS SPI-6 in this serotype. (frontiersin.org)
These target cells can be eukaryotic host cells, making the T6SS a classical virulence factor. (dundee.ac.uk)
More commonly, however, the target is rival bacterial cells, making the T6SS a key player in inter-bacterial competition and competitive fitness, and therefore an indirect virulence factor. (dundee.ac.uk)
Based on the high-resolution structure of the TssKFGE wedge complex, we rationally designed a biomimetic cyclic peptide (BCP) that blocks the assembly of the EAEC BP complex and inhibits the function of T6SS in bacterial cultures. (crcm-marseille.fr)

This slime protects P. aeruginosa from the host's immune system and antibiotics. (ucalgary.ca)
Increasing bacterial resistance against antibiotics demands for innovative strategies for therapeutic intervention. (uni-frankfurt.de)

The fido domain of Vibrio VopS covalently modifies Rho GTPase threonine with AMP to inhibit downstream signaling events in host cells. (expasy.org)

More broadly, I have had a long-standing interest in inter-bacterial interactions, including past work on quorum sensing in pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. (dundee.ac.uk)
Recent cell biology experiments supported by electron and cryo-electron tomography have provided fresh insights into Chlamydia-host interactions. (bbk.ac.uk)
Manipulation of programmed cell death (PCD) is central to many host microbe interactions. (biomedcentral.com)

This epidemiologic setting substantially differs from that of large families in that the latter include children of different ages and therefore, at any given time, only a fraction of siblings belong to the age group at enhanced risk for bacterial colonization and invasion, which limits the chances to acquire and transmit the organism. (cdc.gov)

In vitro studies showed that DEP activated AM to release reactive oxygen species, but had little or no effect on AM secretion of IL-1 and TNF-a. (cdc.gov)
Many named species in bacterial taxonomy correspond to species complexes, in which the species. (sinica.edu.tw)
These low and high-resolution data sets originates from T3SSes from different species and can also be collected from other structurally homologous systems, such as the flagella. (lu.se)

We found that expressing VCA0956 in S. flexneri increased c-di-GMP levels, and this corresponds with increased biofilm formation and reduced acid resistance, host cell invasion, and plaque size. (bvsalud.org)

This review presents current knowledge regarding indole and its derivatives, their biotechnological applications and their role in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. (nih.gov)
New connections in the prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin network: relationship with the eukaryotic nonsense-mediated RNA decay system. (expasy.org)

Influence of time, host plant and location on diversity of aster yellows phytoplasma strains. (osu.edu)
Somehow, when these bacterial strains were shipped to my lab in a FedEx envelope, we'd found they'd lost their ability to produce biofilms. (ucalgary.ca)
Antigenic drift involves small mutations in the genes of influenza viruses that lead to changes in HA and NA that accumulate over time, resulting in the emergence of novel strains that the human immune system may not recognize. (cdc.gov)
Prevalence, diversity, and host associations of Bartonella strains in bats from Georgia (Caucasus). (cdc.gov)

In order to cross two bacterial membranes, those molecules are transported by nanomachineries, called secretion systems, which may be more or less complex in terms of their composition and regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Our research group is focused on studies of the regulation of the complement system in health and disease. (lu.se)

Using Listeria monocytogenes as a bacterial model for cell-mediated immune studies, rats were exposed to DEP (5 mg/kg) or saline for 3 days and then intratracheally infected with 5000 L. monocytogenes. (cdc.gov)

Here we show that flagellar secretion in Salmonella enterica requires the proton motive force (PMF) and does not require ATP hydrolysis by FliI. (nature.com)

When this mucosal barrier loses its function, your body and gastrointestinal system will be more open to diseases. (healthnews.com)

C. burnetii is unable to inhibit pyroptosis and IL-1' secretion induced by potent inflammasome stimuli but rather enhanced these caspase-1-mediated effects. (usda.gov)

Among 22 tested compounds six block E-cadherin cleavage by HtrA in vitro and result in reduced scattering and wound healing of gastric epithelial cells, thereby preventing bacterial infiltration of the epithelium. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Tissue-protective cytokine IL-22 targets epithelial lineages such as the gastrointestinal system. (sinica.edu.tw)

to establish their virulence during the invasion of the human host. (crcm-marseille.fr)
The intestinal epithelium acts as the first barrier against the bacterial invasion of host. (sinica.edu.tw)

The resulting manipulation of host cell behaviour is essential for different forms of bacterial-eukaryotic interaction - from symbiosis to some of the most notorious human diseases. (metaorganism-research.com)
The fascinating and intricate dynamics between these players determine a complex interaction system that needs to be revealed. (scienceopen.com)

These results suggest that AM secretion of NO may play an important role in the host defense mechanism. (cdc.gov)
Our study establishes ADP-riboxanation of arginine as a bacterial virulence mechanism that prevents LPS-induced pyroptosis. (bvsalud.org)

We also study environmental opportunists that the immune system normally eradicates without a trace, but which can be deadly when immune defenses are absent, such as Burkholderia thailandensis and Chromobacterium violaceum. (unclineberger.org)

Indole modulates oxidative stress, intestinal inflammation, and hormone secretion in animals, and it controls plant defense systems and growth. (nih.gov)

it is also a cause of bacterial endocarditis in children and adults. (cdc.gov)

There are hundreds of studies showing the effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal system diseases. (healthnews.com)
Research studies have proved that probiotics and their metabolic products support the immune system, and therefore, they are helpful for many different diseases. (healthnews.com)

This information - plus suggestions for controlling interproximal bacterial plaque - will improve the periodontal health of your practice and involve your patients in the process. (dentistryiq.com)

This is where bacterial plaque biofilm comes into the equation. (dentistryiq.com)

Programmed cell death can be initiated by the infected cell itself, or by cytotoxic lymphocytes both in the innate and adaptive immune system. (unclineberger.org)

Microbes are attracted to the rhizosphere due to massive secretion of plant photosynthates from roots. (nih.gov)
This review will focus on the struggle for control of PCD that occurs between diverse microbes and their plant and animal hosts, as well as the GO terms that have been developed recently by the Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO) Consortium [ 12 ] to describe the processes underlying this struggle. (biomedcentral.com)

By definition, this condition is characterized by bacterial growth in culture of the expressed prostatic fluid, semen, or postmassage urine specimen. (medscape.com)

Matthew is working on a joint research collaboration with Richard Murray's lab at Caltech and funded by the NSF and EPSRC, the project is focused on developing new metrology for synthetic biology cell free systems. (imperial.ac.uk)
Cell Host & Microbe,Cell Rep., Cell. (epfl.ch)
The B subunit of CT binds to the outside of the host cells, allowing the A sub-unit to enter the cell. (kenyon.edu)
Despite a wealth of other structural and biochemical information, little is known about how pilus formation is orchestrated at the bacterial cell surface. (esrf.fr)
In higher vertebrates these processes include digit formation and nervous system cell culling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Chemicals and Drugs2

Phenomena and Processes1

Pathogens27

Infection32

Proteins32

Effectors8

Pathogen11

Infections7

Bacteria24

TOXINS9

T3SS2

Molecular3

Yersinia5

Pathogenesis4

Type27

Associated with bacterial virulence1

Protein4

Insulin secretion2

Mammalian1

Mechanisms1

Respiratory5

T6SS4

Antibiotics2

Vibrio1

Interactions3

Colonization1

Species3

Resistance1

Prokaryotic2

Strains4

Regulation2

Listeria1

Salmonella1

Mucosal1

Inflammasome1

Epithelial2

Invasion2

Interaction2

Mechanism2

Defenses1

Inflammation1

Endocarditis1

Diseases2

Periodontal1

Biofilm1

Innate1

Microbes2

Urine1

Cell5