• Coevolution among species and the impacts of geography on evolution have always been major research areas within evolutionary biology. (nature.com)
  • There doesn't seem to be much if any cost to the host species, so you wouldn't expect there to be much pressure on the hosts to evolve defenses against this kind of parasitism," said Bruce Lyon, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The widespread existence of sex has been a major problem for evolutionary biology since the time of Charles Darwin ," said lead author Levi T. Morran. (phys.org)
  • Price PW (1980) Evolutionary biology of parasites. (springer.com)
  • Despite the growing interest in avian malaria in evolutionary biology, the role played by the vector in this host-parasite relationship remains to be investigated. (unil.ch)
  • The study of the zoonotic parasites of the genus Anisakis and human anisakiasis is an increasingly hot topic in evolutionary biology and epidemiological studies carried out on natural and accidental (human) hosts, given the risk of this parasite to human health. (researchgate.net)
  • My research spans elements of microbial systems biology, evolutionary biology cybergenetics, antimicrobial resistance, and engineering. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14(1): 18. (scielo.br)
  • The viral parasites often kill off their microbial hosts after infiltrating their DNA , said senior study author Vaughn Cooper, director of the Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. (livescience.com)
  • Originally from Philadelphia, Dr. Roderick "Erick" Gagne obtained his master's degree and PhD from Tulane University in ecology and evolutionary biology. (upenn.edu)
  • However, since the early 2000s, research on the Kielder field voles has expanded considerably and the system has now been utilized for the study of host-parasite biology across many levels, including genetics, evolutionary ecology, immunology and epidemiology. (nih.gov)
  • The Kielder field voles therefore represent one of the most intensely and broadly studied natural host-parasite systems, bridging theoretical and empirical approaches to better understand the biology of infectious disease in the real world. (nih.gov)
  • The Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab (MEEL) is rooted in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology. (lu.se)
  • We offer an excellent research environment, particularly in topics such as animal migration, molecular ecology, life history trade-offs, evolutionary biology, disease resistance in natural populations and host-parasite interactions. (lu.se)
  • The Evolutionary synthesis : perspectives on the unification of biology / edited by Ernst Mayr and William B. Provine. (who.int)
  • An analysis of the empirical fitness landscape revealed mutation-by-mutation-by-host-genotype interactions that demonstrate coevolution modified the contours of λ's landscape. (elifesciences.org)
  • It utilizes a tractable system, bacteriophage λ and E. coli , to ask questions that unite different pillars of evolutionary theory - evolutionary genetics (via the fitness landscape analogy), co-evolution, and host-parasite interactions. (elifesciences.org)
  • Dormancy can also influence species interactions by providing organisms with a refuge from predators and parasites. (nature.com)
  • Not only does dormancy create structure and memory that buffers populations against environmental fluctuations, it also modifies species interactions in ways that can feed back onto the eco-evolutionary dynamics of microbial communities. (nature.com)
  • Removing a single threatened species did little harm to the interlacing network of primate-parasite interactions in the team's model. (mongabay.com)
  • Host-parasite interactions represent one of the most promising routes for the understanding of general evolutionary processes. (unil.ch)
  • Although avian malaria is a very common and widely distributed parasite, the complex interactions between the 3 actors of this particular bird-mosquito- Plasmodium natural system remain largely unknown. (unil.ch)
  • This project focuses on avian malaria in the great tit Parus major and its natural mosquito vector, looking at different aspects of interactions between parasites and hosts. (unil.ch)
  • Genomics of host-pathogen interactions: challenges and opportunities across ecological and spatiotemporal scales. (mpg.de)
  • Research on the interactions between the field voles (Microtus agrestis) of Kielder Forest and their natural parasites dates back to the 1930s. (nih.gov)
  • This article synthesizes the body of work published on this system and summarizes some important insights and general messages provided by the integrated and multidisciplinary study of host-parasite interactions in the natural environment. (nih.gov)
  • This balance is maintained by microbial diversity, genetic factors, and complex molecular-cellular interactions between host and microbiome. (uni-ulm.de)
  • The IMPALA project investigate the impact of agricultural land-use intensification through the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the microbiome and its functional interactions with hosts along a trophic cascade in grassland ecosystems. (uni-ulm.de)
  • The project thus provides important information on the effects of fertilization on the stability of an ecosystem, which are mediated through host-microbiome interactions. (uni-ulm.de)
  • We further study gene-gene interactions between different hosts, parasites and vectors at different time points during infection cycles. (lu.se)
  • In our group, we study the adaptive immune system in wild birds: (1) host-pathogen interactions within populations and (2) the evolution of the immune system, with a special focus on the enigmatic Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes. (lu.se)
  • Now molecular methods are enabling much closer inspection of pathogen-host interactions and bridging the fields of microbiology and immunology. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of the course is that the student should have acquired knowledge, proficiencies and abilities on completion of the course concerning both pathogenic microorganisms and the function of the immune system at the molecular and cellular level, and understand host-pathogen interactions and infection processes from both a mechanistic and an evolutionary perspective. (lu.se)
  • The course covers pathogenic microorganisms, the function of the immune system, host-pathogen interactions and infection processes from a mechanistic and an evolutionary perspective. (lu.se)
  • in this wide range, the host-parasite interactions vary strongly. (bvsalud.org)
  • We could resume the situation saying that kleptoparasitism is a plural strategy, that there are different kinds of it, and consider kleptoparasitism as the action of robbing or stealing ( kleptein , from the greek: to steal), as used to describe inter and intraspecific interactions in which an animal takes food resources from a host (Crespi & Abbot, 1999). (bvsalud.org)
  • When time-shift replays of the coevolution experiment were run where host evolution was artificially accelerated, λ did not innovate to use the new receptor. (elifesciences.org)
  • This study provides direct evidence for the role of coevolution in driving evolutionary novelty and provides a quantitative framework for predicting evolution in coevolving ecological communities. (elifesciences.org)
  • Coevolution arises from reciprocal evolutionary changes between two or more species. (nature.com)
  • Common among mutualists, coevolution is also an important process for understanding host-parasite dynamics [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
  • They also advance the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution, which is a particular thesis regarding the role of evolutionary and ecological processes in determining patterns of coevolutionary outcome across geographical localities. (nature.com)
  • The July 8 report in Science , "Running with the Red Queen: Host-Parasite Coevolution Selects for Biparental Sex ," affirms the Red Queen hypothesis, an evolutionary theory who's name comes from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland text: "It takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. (phys.org)
  • Particularly promising are studies which involve closely related parasite species that parasitized a same host species because such systems might provide insights into the detailed mechanisms of coevolution between host defences and parasite virulence. (unil.ch)
  • This course examines the theories of host-parasite coevolution, including optimal host resource allocation to immune defense in light of parasite counter-strategies, and assesses the empirical evidence by which these theories are tested. (princeton.edu)
  • Antagonistic coevolution of parasite infectivity and host resistance may alter the biological functionality of species, yet these dynamics in nature are still poorly understood. (jyu.fi)
  • Owing in part to the inability of phages to attach to spores, seed banks stabilized population dynamics and resulted in minimum host densities that were 30-fold higher compared to bacteria that were unable to engage in dormancy. (nature.com)
  • The team used the microscopic roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a host and the pathogenic bacteria Serratia marcescens to generate a host-parasite coevolutionary system in a controlled environment, allowing them to conduct more than 70 evolution experiments testing the Red Queen Hypothesis. (phys.org)
  • Because bacteria grow so quickly, evolutionary adaptations like resistance to antimicrobial drugs can reveal themselves in just a matter of days. (reachmd.com)
  • Until now, microbiologists assumed evolutionary adaptions emerged from a homogenous clonal population of bacteria via random mutations. (reachmd.com)
  • However, the latest findings -- published Friday in the journal Science Advances -- showed bacterial parasites, or phages, provide certain bacteria with an evolutionary advantage. (reachmd.com)
  • To properly treat bacterial infections, study authors suggest medical researchers and doctors must better understand the evolutionary trajectory of the problem bacteria. (reachmd.com)
  • When scientists sequenced six bacteria strains found in an infected pig wound, they found phages rapidly jumping from host to host. (reachmd.com)
  • Even phages that conferred no evolutionary benefit were found incorporated in the genomes of the bacteria strains. (reachmd.com)
  • The bacteria-attacking viruses , called phages, act as parasites in that they depend on their hosts for survival. (livescience.com)
  • For instance, the virus may prompt the bacteria to secrete toxins that kill nearby phages, so the virus can keep its new host all to itself. (livescience.com)
  • These two "winning" strains produced small, wrinkled-looking colonies of bacteria that congregated into biofilms - clusters of bacterial cells that secrete a slimy substance that offers them protection from both the host immune system and attacks by phages. (livescience.com)
  • The biofilm slime protects the bacteria from the host immune system because immune cells struggle to glom onto the large matrix and gobble up the bacteria within. (livescience.com)
  • Bats are key hosts in the radiation of mammal-associated Bartonella bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • We conclude that bats have had a deep influence on the evolutionary radiation of Bartonella bacteria and their spread to other mammalian orders. (cdc.gov)
  • These data are important for understanding the transmission cycles and prevalence of these bacteria in hosts and vectors. (cdc.gov)
  • WHEN WE ARRIVE IN a new environment that contains unfamiliar pathogens i.e. disease-inducing bacteria, parasites, viruses or fungi, we are more susceptible to illness. (lu.se)
  • and bat CoVs and their hosts by using sequence data of the virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene and the bat identifi cation of other CoVs in bat species ( R . sinicus , R . fer- cytochrome b gene. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies in species other than bats have examined host- of SARS-CoVs or related viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Some 100 species of birds are what scientists call "obligate brood parasites" -- instead of building nests and raising their own young, they lay their eggs in the nests of other species and let those birds do the hard work of parenting for them. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When Lyon and John Eadie of UC Davis set out to study the black-headed ducks, they expected to find a highly successful brood parasite, unopposed by the antagonistic strategies that host species deploy against more costly parasites like cuckoos and cowbirds. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The key breakthrough was their discovery that each of the black-headed duck's two main host species--the red-gartered coot and red-fronted coot--were busy parasitizing the nests of their own species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In contrast, the intraspecific (within the same species) brood parasitism taking place among the coots is very costly to the hosts because they end up feeding and raising the young of other birds at the expense of their own young. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Apparently, the ducks have been unable to gradually evolve egg mimicry because their hosts are already attuned to detecting eggs laid by other birds of their own species, Lyon said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Instead, the species finds itself evolutionarily stranded, caught in the cross-fire of an internecine conflict among its hosts. (sciencedaily.com)
  • If in peril due to a diminishing number of hosts, parasites may try to jump to new host species-potentially triggering unforeseen infections. (mongabay.com)
  • Using computer modeling, researchers discovered that if all 108 threatened primate species vanish, so could 176 parasite species, according to a recent report in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B . (mongabay.com)
  • The massive number of threatened primate species make them ideal for examining coextinction: When a host species teeters toward the brink, parasites that rely on it are at grave risk, too. (mongabay.com)
  • To study primate-parasite coextinction, Herrera and his team constructed a computational network connecting all 213 primate species to the 763 parasites known to infect them. (mongabay.com)
  • While some of them have other animal hosts to lean on, 176 parasite species are left stranded with no other host options, meaning they would probably disappear if their primates die out. (mongabay.com)
  • Even when primates vanish in the wild but live on in zoos, Herrera noted, the captive animals lack most of the unique parasites that had fed solely on that species in the forest. (mongabay.com)
  • Parasites in peril may attempt to jump to new host species. (mongabay.com)
  • Two bird species can nest next to each other and exchange parasites, but not their heads. (newscientist.com)
  • We are investigating the micro-evolutionary relationships in one host-parasite system consisting of different bat species and species of obligatory parasitic mites that spend their entire life on their bat host ( Spinturnix sp ). (unil.ch)
  • Anisakis simplex sensu stricto is a parasite infecting several commercial fish species in the Northeast (NE) Atlantic, known to be the aetiological agent of the human zoonosis anisakiasis. (researchgate.net)
  • Rapid evolution of hosts begets species diversity at the cost of intraspecific diversity. (mpg.de)
  • Recent findings comparing the parasites of wildlife and domesticated hosts are reviewed from this perspective, including species of Trichinella, Taenia, Toxoplasma, and Sarcocystis. (usda.gov)
  • Third, when social hosts are spatially aggregated, parasite infections are likely to increase between individuals of the same and different sex, and between species ( ter Hofstede & Fenton, 2005 ter Hofstede, H.M. & Fenton, M.B. 2005. (scielo.br)
  • Brood parasites are organisms that use the strategy of brood-parasitism , a kind of kleptoparasitism found among birds , fish or insects , involving the manipulation and use of host individuals either of the same (intraspecific brood-parasitism) or different species (inter-specific brood-parasitism) to raise the young of the brood-parasite. (wikidoc.org)
  • The Common Cuckoo presents an interesting case in which the species as a whole parasitizes a wide variety of hosts, but individual females specialize in a single species. (wikidoc.org)
  • Females are thought to imprint upon the host species which raised them, and subsequently only parasitize nests of that species. (wikidoc.org)
  • Depending upon the species, this can happen either in the same visit to the host nest or in a separate visit before or after the parasitism. (wikidoc.org)
  • This could function either to prevent the host species from realizing their nest has been parasitized or to reduce competition for the parasitic nestling once it hatches. (wikidoc.org)
  • Brood parasites are those bird species that lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, or hosts, who then raise the parasitic young. (encyclopedia.com)
  • plumage is cryptically colored in many brood-parasitic species, and may be adaptive to ecological problems of recognition and social association with their hosts. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The juvenal plumage of common koels ( Eudynamys scolopacea ) somewhat resembles that of their host species, differing between geographical areas where they parasitize different hosts. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Even in The Origin of Species , Darwin refers to parasites as regressive instead of progressive. (discovermagazine.com)
  • They, more than any other group out there, both exhibit extreme evolutionary adaptations and spur them onward in other species. (discovermagazine.com)
  • No matter how complex or how impressive any other species may be, it has parasites. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Every species we might hold as a masterpiece of evolutionary complexity cannot out maneuver their parasites. (discovermagazine.com)
  • We also found significant evidence of evolutionary congruence between bat host and Bartonella phylogenies, indicating that bacterial species have evolved to infect related bat species. (cdc.gov)
  • Exploring these ecological and evolutionary associations further, we found that sharing of Bartonella species among bat hosts was strongly associated with host phylogenetic distance and roost sharing and less strongly with geographic range overlap. (cdc.gov)
  • Finally, historical Bartonella host-switching was more frequent for closely related bats after accounting for sampling bias among bat species. (cdc.gov)
  • A recent comparative analysis, showed bats to be more likely to be infected with more zoonotic viruses per host species than were rodents, thus adding weight to the suggestion that bats might in some way be unique as sources of emerging zoonoses. (cdc.gov)
  • The analysis indicated that bats are indeed special in hosting more viruses per species than rodents, despite twice as many rodent species in the world, and that certain ecologic factors are associated with the hosting of more viruses by bats. (cdc.gov)
  • Is the Subject Area "Evolutionary genetics" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • 2010: Best oral presentation Award at the 10th International Conference on Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. (africamuseum.be)
  • Schistosomiasis: The role of parasite genetics in human infection and disease. (africamuseum.be)
  • Essentially, a parasite became a weapon," senior author Vaughn Cooper, professor of microbiology and molecular genetics at the University of Pittsburgh, said in a press release. (reachmd.com)
  • The effect of host social system on parasite population genetic structure: comparative population genetics of two ectoparasitic mites and their bat hosts. (scielo.br)
  • We combine large-scale fieldwork with genomic analyses to understand the evolutionary genetics of adaptations. (lu.se)
  • Presently, we carry out two projects in parallel: genetics and genomics of migratory songbirds and host-parasite evolution of avian malaria parasites. (lu.se)
  • Evolutionary aspects of nutrition and health : diet, exercise, genetics and chronic disease / volume editor A. P. Simopoulos. (who.int)
  • Viruses from the family Baculoviridae induce in their hosts changes to both feeding behavior and environment selection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Re- cent evolutionary history of these viruses and their hosts. (cdc.gov)
  • But Herrera's study included more than 100 viruses, highly adaptable parasites that can quickly evolve to infect new hosts. (mongabay.com)
  • Dr. Xiong research encompasses a wide range of subjects that include virus diversity, recombination, RNAi suppression, host resistance and resistance-breaking, replication and movement of RNA viruses, and how all these are related to the control and management of viral diseases. (bio5.org)
  • Broad sampling has revealed the importance of bats in the diversification and spread of viruses and eukaryotes to other animal hosts. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial resistance has also emerged in viruses, fungi, and parasites. (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular studies have demonstrated that bats are natural host reservoirs for several recently emerged high-profile zoonotic viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Although bats serve as reservoir hosts with great viral diversity, little evidence exists for corresponding death or illness of bats from viruses (other than lyssaviruses) that have spread into humans and domesticated mammals with high virulence. (cdc.gov)
  • We hypothesize that the increased metabolism and higher body temperatures of bats during flight might serve as an evolutionary adjuvant to their immune systems, providing a powerful selective force against virulence and promoting the diversity of viruses that infect bat populations. (cdc.gov)
  • Nested levels of dependence among microbes, vectors, and vertebrate hosts may have complicated effects on both microbial community assembly and evolution. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies on parasite biogeography and host spectrum provide insights into the processes driving parasite diversification. (univpm.it)
  • Several evolutionary processes influence virulence, the amount of damage a parasite causes to its host. (semanticscholar.org)
  • We study evolutionary processes broadly, with a main focus on the evolutionary ecology of sex determination and sex chromosomes. (lu.se)
  • We focus on two main aspects: 1) how disease ecology, life history strategies, migration and ageing processes influence ecological and evolutionary dynamics of a wild population of great reed warblers (our database contains information for 40 breeding seasons), and 2) how physiological drivers (particularly immune function and telomere dynamics) influence variation in health and fitness. (lu.se)
  • We examined Bartonella sequences from European bats and their ectoparasites with a combination of network analysis, Bayesian phylogenetics, tip-association and cophylogeny tests, and linear regression to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape parasite communities. (cdc.gov)
  • On the Master's programme in Animal Ecology, you will learn how to analyse and understand evolutionary processes at the level of genes, individuals and populations. (lu.se)
  • You will achieve skills in analysing and understanding how evolutionary and ecological processes form appearance, physiology and behaviour in animals. (lu.se)
  • Pathogen strains may differ in virulence because they attain different loads in their hosts, or because they induce different disease-causing mechanisms independent of their load. (biorxiv.org)
  • Using viral load and CD4+ T cell measures from 2014 HIV-1 subtype B infected individuals enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, we investigated if virulence - measured as the rate of decline of CD4+ T cells - and per-parasite pathogenicity are heritable from donor to recipient. (biorxiv.org)
  • The increased virulence of the Perkinsus parasite persists today. (vims.edu)
  • For example, the authors of a recent article suggested that tolerance-based treatment of HIV infection -focused on increasing the infected patient's ability to remain well despite high HIV load (host tolerance) rather than reducing viral load (host resistance)-could be "evolution-proof," although evolution of the virus toward greater virulence remains a possibility. (cdc.gov)
  • The Red Queen Hypothesis predicts that sex should allow hosts to evade infection from their parasites, whereas self-fertilization may increase the risk of infection," said co-author Curtis M. Lively. (phys.org)
  • We found that the self-fertilizing populations of C. elegans were rapidly driven extinct by the coevolving parasites, a result consistent with the Red Queen Hypothesis," Morran said. (phys.org)
  • Snails collected from the shallow habitat were more susceptible to infection regardless of the source of infection, which is inconsistent with the co-evolutionary hotspot hypothesis. (evolutionary-ecology.com)
  • These include genetic inheritance of host preference, host imprinting on young birds, returning to place of birth and subsequently choosing a host randomly ("natal philopatry"), choice based on preferred nest site ( nest-site hypothesis ), and choice based on preferred habitat ( habitat-selection hypothesis ). (wikidoc.org)
  • This hypothesis revolves around host manipulations induced by behaviors of the brood parasite. (wikidoc.org)
  • These results support a 'bat seeding' hypothesis that could explain similar evolutionary patterns in other mammalian parasite taxa. (cdc.gov)
  • It is generally assumed that lichen-inhabiting fungi have co-evolved with their lichenized hosts, but very few studies have tested this. (nrm.se)
  • We further study general evolutionary questions and utilize these host-parasite systems to investigate if co-evolution potentially could have occurred between the fungi involved. (nrm.se)
  • We work primarily with natural host-parasite systems, with focus on avian malaria, using a variety of methods ranging from single-gene barcoding to genomics and dual-RNA sequencing. (lu.se)
  • Global geographical distribution and a multi-host spectrum make the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis a promising model for studying both the vicariant and ecological modes of speciation in parasites. (univpm.it)
  • Our analyses uncovered the impact of historical distribution shifts on host switching and the evolution of host specificity without parallel host-parasite co-speciation. (univpm.it)
  • We are currently investigating different host-parasite models with a special focus on the evolution of parasite specialization and speciation. (unil.ch)
  • Parasitic castrators drastically modify their hosts' metabolism and reproduction, sometimes by secreting castrating hormones, changing their behavior and physiology to benefit the parasite. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, the parasitic botfly burrows under the skin of its host-usually howler monkeys, but sometimes people-to lay its eggs. (mongabay.com)
  • For instance, the scientists linked the parasitic tick Haemaphysalis lemuris to its 10 lemur hosts, including the ring-tailed lemur ( Lemur catta ) and the black-and-white ruffed lemur ( Varecia variegata ). (mongabay.com)
  • Durkin ES, Luong LT (2019) Phenotypic plasticity more essential to maintaining variation in host-attachment behaviour than evolutionary trade-offs in a facultatively parasitic mite. (springer.com)
  • Luong LT, Mathot KJ (2019) Facultative parasites as evolutionary stepping-stones towards parasitic lifestyles. (springer.com)
  • First she gained the power to control the parasites of the world and struggled not to use it to become a parasitic leech on society. (fanfiction.net)
  • Then when she'd finally found some measure of peace she was killed and turned into a parasitic worm that literally can't survive without stealing nourishment from a human host. (fanfiction.net)
  • Parasitic bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae): host specificity and potential as vectors. (scielo.br)
  • Population size changes and selection drive patterns of parallel evolution in a host-virus system. (mpg.de)
  • My research focuses on disease ecology and my main goal is to fill gaps in research that will lead to a better understanding of the patterns and mechanisms that contribute to parasite spread and the possible ways to mitigate pathogen impact. (stanford.edu)
  • Since then, I have dedicated myself to investigating macroecological and evolutionary patterns of parasite-host dynamics. (stanford.edu)
  • In the world of an ectoparasite, a host represents a habitat filter with potential resources, complex movement patterns, varied social systems, roosting behaviors, and immunologic responses ( Balashov, 2006 Balashov, Y.S. 2006. (scielo.br)
  • Intraspecific patterns of ectoparasite abundances on Paraguayan bats: effects of host sex and body size. (scielo.br)
  • Our work provides insight into the important mechanisms that partition parasite communities among hosts, particularly the effect of host phylogeny and roost sharing, and could help to elucidate the evolutionary patterns of other diverse vector-borne microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Although it is still not well-established that Ang II has beneficial effects on malaria and particularly on CM, different lines of evidence suggest a possible 'protective' effect that could be mediated by different, non-exclusive mechanisms that could affect parasite development and/or host susceptibility to Plasmodium-induced pathology. (frontiersin.org)
  • From parasite resistance to lupus susceptibility. (mpg.de)
  • Is this cline in susceptibility caused by (1) inherent differences in susceptibility, or (2) the presence of a co-evolutionary hotspot in the shallow water? (evolutionary-ecology.com)
  • If this proposal withstands further scrutiny, it should suggest not only the origins of zoonotic parasites but also possible interventions. (usda.gov)
  • Luong LT, Brophy T, Stolz E, Chan SJ (2017) State-dependent parasitism by a facultative parasite of fruit flies. (springer.com)
  • A phylogeny based on 28 behavioral and ecological characters suggests that Neomorphinae and Phaenicophaeinae are polyphyletic groups, placing the obligate parasite Tapera (Neomorphinae) and the facultative parasite Coccyzus (Phaenicophaeinae) within the Cuculinae. (encyclopedia.com)
  • When the virions (virus "units") are ready to leave the host, the caterpillar climbs higher and higher, until its cells are made to secrete enzymes that "dissolve the animal into goo", raining down clumps of tissue and viral material for ingestion by future hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • These events and the identifi ca- studies have demonstrated that the relationship between viral phylogeny and geographic location and identifi cation hosts (viral phylogeography [ 19 ]) can yield information on *East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of the origin of emerging zoonoses ( 19,20 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, the pattern of evolution of all these traits differs significantly from neutrality, and is most consistent with stabilizing selection for the set-point viral load, and with directional selection for the CD4+ T cell decline and the per-parasite pathogenicity. (biorxiv.org)
  • By coupling sequencing and pairwise competition experiments, we demonstrated that the first mutation λ evolved en route to the innovation would only evolve in the presence of the ancestral host, whereas later steps in λ's evolution required the shift to a resistant host. (elifesciences.org)
  • With this statement, veteran biologist Ernst Meyr undermined the cosy assumption that hosts and their parasites automatically co-evolve along parallel evolutionary tracks. (newscientist.com)
  • As hosts wake up to the parasites' dastardly ploys, they evolve to develop strategies of their own to avoid being made a fool of in future. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Pathogens evolve quickly and vertebrate hosts slowly - How can we keep up with all these pathogens? (lu.se)
  • But now, a new study, published Friday (July 16) in the journal Science Advances , hints that phages may also help their bacterial hosts develop resistance against antibiotic treatments . (livescience.com)
  • To understand the relative importance of host association and biogeography in the evolutionary history of this tapeworm, we analysed mtDNA and reduced-represented genomic SNP data for a total of 139 specimens collected from 18 fish-host genera across a distribution range representing 21 countries. (univpm.it)
  • Understanding the genomic underpinnings of thermal adaptation is a hot topic in eco-evolutionary studies of parasites. (researchgate.net)
  • Subsequently, he was a postdoc at Colorado State University where he used genomic data of the host and pathogen to assess how landscape features and demographic factors influence the spread of disease. (upenn.edu)
  • In our group, we are interested in evolutionary, functional and behavioural ecology questions using molecular, genetic and genomic methods. (lu.se)
  • Among the behavioral changes caused by parasites is carelessness, making their hosts easier prey. (wikipedia.org)
  • Direct manipulation is when the parasite itself affects the host and induces a behavioral response, for example by creating neuroactive compounds that stimulate a response in the host's central nervous system (CNS), a method mostly practiced by parasites that reside within the CNS. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, determination of the causative factor is difficult, especially whether the behavioral change is the result of direct manipulation from the parasite, or an indirect response of the host's immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • A direct approach to behavioral manipulation is often very costly for the parasite, which results in a trade-off between the benefits of the manipulation (e.g., fitness increase) and the energy it costs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The more common approach for parasites is to indirectly induce behavioral responses by interacting with the host's immune system to create the necessary neuroactive compounds to induce a desired behavioral response. (wikipedia.org)
  • These shifts may be due to either virus biologic traits However, evolutionary relationships among these CoVs and or host behavioral traits. (cdc.gov)
  • Bat ectoparasites have a complex natural history narrowly tied to their hosts at ecological, behavioral, and evolutionary scales. (scielo.br)
  • Finally, we discuss how kleptoparasitism could vary in function of host behavior and how the high behavioral variability of Argyrodes elevatus could be explained. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is within this coevolutionary context that both hosts and parasites are running (evolving) as fast as they can just to stay in the same place. (phys.org)
  • Computer simulations of λ's evolution on a static versus shifting fitness landscape showed that the changes in contours increased λ's chances of evolving the ability to use a new host receptor. (elifesciences.org)
  • This study uses the parlance and framing of the fitness landscape to articulate a co-evolution story between host and parasite. (elifesciences.org)
  • The findings will be relevant to a number of audiences, and will likely spawn downstream studies that further interrogate the molecular specifics that underlie host-parasite co-evolution. (elifesciences.org)
  • Is the Subject Area "Parasite evolution" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • The gophers live in ultra-isolated populations where transmission of lice to fellow colonists is almost guaranteed, making them the perfect model for host-parasite co-evolution. (newscientist.com)
  • Host attachment is a necessary behavior in the evolution of parasitism. (springer.com)
  • Demographic fluctuations and selection during host-parasite co‐evolution interactively increase genetic diversity. (mpg.de)
  • Lezing op workshop Ecology and Evolution of Parasites and Infections, Universiteit Antwerpen 17-19/09/2013. (africamuseum.be)
  • He and his contemporaries viewed parasites as degenerates who, at best, violated the progressive nature of evolution. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Sex allows parents to produce offspring that are more resistant to the parasites, while self-fertilization dooms populations to extinction at the hands of their biological enemies. (phys.org)
  • The idea is that sexual reproduction via cross-fertilization keeps host populations one evolutionary step ahead of the parasites, which are coevolving to infect them. (phys.org)
  • Then they exposed those populations to the S. marcescens parasite. (phys.org)
  • The researchers then determined which mating system gave populations an evolutionary advantage. (phys.org)
  • On the other hand, sex allowed populations to keep pace with their parasites. (phys.org)
  • Sex helped populations adapt to their coevolving parasites, allowing parents to produce offspring that were resistant to infection and ultimately avoid extinction ," he noted. (phys.org)
  • In host populations where either sex or self-fertilization were possible, the evolutionary state of the parasite determined the most effective reproductive strategy. (phys.org)
  • In addition, parasites from Lake Alexandrina were more infective to snails collected from Lake Alexandrina than from the two allopatric lake populations, and the shallow-water source of parasites was more infective than the deep-water source of parasites. (evolutionary-ecology.com)
  • 1) a comparative approach in the field (parasite population dynamics and reproduction vs. host condition, sex and immunocompetence). (unil.ch)
  • Evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements in bdelloid rotifers. (mpg.de)
  • The role of stressors in altering eco-evolutionary dynamics. (mpg.de)
  • Dual-stressor selection alters eco-evolutionary dynamics in experimental communities. (mpg.de)
  • Eco-evolutionary dynamics. (africamuseum.be)
  • These early studies were primarily concerned with understanding how parasites shape the characteristic cyclic population dynamics of their hosts. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers carefully investigated the costs of duck parasitism to the hosts and found few costs that could be prevented by rejection of the duck eggs. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With different hosts, the black-headed duck's kinder, gentler version of brood parasitism might have been a highly successful evolutionary strategy. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This would imply that brood parasitism arose only once in the evolutionary history of cuckoos. (encyclopedia.com)
  • 2) an experimental work involving bats and parasites kept in captivity. (unil.ch)
  • Bats (Chiroptera) as vectors of diseases and parasites. (scielo.br)
  • Bats constitute the evolutionary origin and reservoirs of a high number of zoonotic pathogens. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Bats were inferred to be the ancestral hosts of all mammal-associated Bartonella and appear to be responsible for the early geographic expansion of the genus. (cdc.gov)
  • Application of such phylogenetic tools as we have used to other taxa may reveal the general importance of bats in the ancient diversification of mammalian parasites. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of a diverse range of bat paramyxoviruses, including those conspecific with human mumps virus, and phylogenetic reconstruction of host associations suggests numerous host switches of paramyxoviruses from bats to other mammals and birds. (cdc.gov)
  • Several host features could induce ectoparasite infections: first, hosts with high mobility enhance parasite colonization of new habitats ( Presley & Willig, 2008 Presley, S.J. & Willig, M.R. 2008. (scielo.br)
  • Severe infections lead to oyster death and release of parasites into the surrounding water, potentially infecting other nearby oysters as they filter water for food. (vims.edu)
  • Fish are often speckled with 'black spots' caused by metacercarial trematode infection, inducing a host response. (researchgate.net)
  • Can Food Safety Practices and Knowledge of Raw Fish Promote Perception of Infection Risk and Safe Consumption Behavior Intentions Related to the Zoonotic Parasite Anisakis? (researchgate.net)
  • But, says Carnegie, "Around 1986, Dermo suddenly became an acute and profoundly destructive disease capable of killing more than 70% of host oysters within months of infection. (vims.edu)
  • We began to ask why more protracted and intense droughts in earlier years, before the 1980s, hadn't produced a similar intensification of disease," says Carnegie, "and why subsequent wet periods didn't return the parasite to the low levels of infection characteristic of earlier years. (vims.edu)
  • Inter-specific brood-parasites include the Old World cuckoos in Eurasia and Australia , cowbirds and Black-headed Ducks in the Americas, and indigobirds , whydahs , and the honeyguides in Africa . (wikidoc.org)
  • The mechanisms of host selection by female cuckoos are somewhat unclear, though several hypotheses have been suggested in attempt to explain the choice. (wikidoc.org)
  • As predicted, parasites of abundant and broadly distributed livestock hosts evidently harbor exceptionally little genetic variability. (usda.gov)
  • The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, for example, infects small rodents and causes them to become careless and may even cause them to become attracted to the smell of feline urine, both of which increase their risk of predation and the parasite's chance of infecting a cat, its definitive host. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii infects animals from the family Felidae (its definitive host), and its oocysts are shed with the host's feces. (wikipedia.org)
  • It turns out that a rat parasite, Toxoplasma gondii , needs to be eaten by a cat to complete its lifestyle. (discovermagazine.com)
  • The Stockholm Paradigm (SP) resolves the parasite paradox, based on the notion that EIDs are expressions of preexisting capacities of pathogens that colonize susceptible but previously unexposed hosts when environmental perturbations create new opportunities. (lulu.com)
  • In the contest between humans and pathogens, each faction has an evolutionary advantage: we have the brains to plot antimicrobial strategies but they have the means to defeat them through rapid reproduction, genetic selection, and recombination. (cdc.gov)
  • Parasites that have adapted to infect one generation may have difficulty infecting the next generation. (phys.org)
  • However, offspring produced through self-fertilization inherit the DNA of their single parent, thus any parasites adapted to infect the parent should also be capable of infecting the offspring. (phys.org)
  • If parasites can not only break into and survive the most complex assortments of systems available, even with modern medicine fighting against them, and manipulate those complex organisms to slave to their bidding, how can we not credit them as masters at what they do? (discovermagazine.com)
  • Parasite manipulations can be either direct or indirect. (wikipedia.org)
  • We conducted a factorially designed experiment where we passaged a bacterial host ( Bacillus subtilis ) and its phage (SPO1) in the presence versus absence of a seed bank consisting of dormant endospores. (nature.com)
  • Silent Rain : Does the atmosphere-mediated connectivity between microbiomes influence bacterial evolutionary rates? (jyu.fi)
  • Phages also embed themselves in this protective matrix and release chemicals to fight off other phages in the neighborhood, again, to keep their bacterial hosts all to themselves. (livescience.com)
  • In this article I propose that human beings may have 'inadvertently domesticated' several parasites of animals, including those that induce human disease, over the course of human history. (usda.gov)
  • Reviewing recent work of our lab, and findings from the labs of others, I consider cases where especially widespread parasites of livestock harbor exceptionally little genetic variability, when compared with related parasites in wildlife hosts. (usda.gov)
  • Other obligate brood parasites lay eggs that mimic the eggs of their hosts, but the eggs of black-headed ducks don't look anything like coot eggs. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Students look at the evolutionary ecology of mechanisms used by immune systems to recognize and kill parasites, finding similarities across animal taxa. (princeton.edu)
  • Exactly how the fungus manages to control the behaviour of its host like this remains a mystery, but scientists think that it releases specific neurologically active biochemicals that can affect the hapless dungfly's nervous system. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • This stems from adherence to a failed paradigm of pathogen-host associations that suggests EIDs ought to be both unpredictable and rare. (lulu.com)
  • Here, I consider what impact such a history may have had on the distribution and diversity of animal parasite, hypothesizing that certain parasites may have been 'inadvertently domesticated. (usda.gov)
  • Primates threatened with extinction have highly specific parasites that will likely vanish if their hosts go extinct. (mongabay.com)
  • The human microbiome has an important role in protecting the human host against colonization by harmful invaders and keeping their numbers in check. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyprinoids were inferred as the ancestral hosts for the parasite. (univpm.it)
  • In this study we compare birds over the entire passerine phylogeny, so that we can compensate for evolutionary kinship. (lu.se)