Host and microbial. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, such approaches to personalized medicine are largely beyond our current capacity because, although it is possible to identify the representative microbes in a particular environment, the interactions and processes within microbial communities, and between these communities and the host, are complex and poorly understood. (nih.gov)
Although complex interactions between hosts and microbial associates are increasingly well documented, we still know little about how and why hosts shape microbial communities in nature. (universite-paris-saclay.fr)
The available projects focus on host-microbe interactions, antibiotic resistance and differentiation of multicellular bacterial communities. (weizmann.ac.il)
The gut microbiome modulates various host behaviors, but molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying microbiota-gut-brain interactions remain undefined. (caltech.edu)
Active projects include those focused on the molecular mechanisms underpinning microbial virulence and immune evasion, the origins and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the adaptation of pathogens to hostile environments, host-microbe interactions, the epidemiology and evolution of disease-causing microbes, and the biotechnological or pharmaceutical applications of microbes and their products. (bath.ac.uk)
Microbial populations may be small but they are surprisingly complex, making interactions with their surrounding environment difficult to study. (phys.org)
Microbial Interactions, Communities and Pathogenesis in the Host and Natural Environments. (microbes.info)
CDC invests in microbial ecology research to study the interactions of microbes among people, animals, plants, food, and surfaces (e.g., counter tops), all of which can serve as sources of microbes that can lead to infection. (cdc.gov)
Urinary metaproteomics of urine sediments can be used to characterize host-pathogen interactions and diagnose urinary tract infections and non-infectious inflammatory conditions of the urinary system. (jcvi.org)
State-of-the-art metagenomics and metaproteomics analysis techniques now allow profiling the complexity of such interactions among the bacteria that colonize the urinary tract and those that cause disease symptoms, as well as the respective inflammatory and microbicidal responses of the human host in more depth. (jcvi.org)
We collaborate with Shady Grove Adventist Hospital, Rockville, MD. The objectives are to understand host-pathogen interactions and to determine if the methods are of diagnostic value to provide an alternative to commonly used urine analysis and urine culture tests. (jcvi.org)

Mammalian skin is inhabited by various microbial communities known collectively as the microbiota. (nih.gov)
Developmentally, a variety of factors can impact the microbiota in early life including mode of birth delivery, antibiotic exposure, mode of nutritional provision, infection, stress as well as host genetics. (nih.gov)
Fundamental principles are lacking for how complex microbial communities develop and respond to external stimuli, and unified models are needed to map the dynamic microbial, enteric, metabolic, immune and neural signaling networks that comprise the microbiota-gut-brain axis. (caltech.edu)
The gut microbiota, which has a complex community of a hundred trillion bacterial and archaeal cells comprising more than a thousand species, provides benefits to the host such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and amino acids, metabolism of undigested carbohydrate, and stimulation of the immune system [ 19 , 20 ]. (springer.com)
The study of off planet/extraterrestrial, space vehicle and spacecraft microbiomes provides insight on the impact of space travel on human health, characterization of how the environment impacts microbial communities in space vehicles/spacecraft and microbiota dynamics of space built environments. (biomedcentral.com)

Elucidating key cell signaling pathways and gene and protein expression patterns of the host immune responses in OM pathogenesis using multiple approaches including microarray, RNA-Seq, and mass spectrometry for omics analysis. (nih.gov)

Gabriel Gomila's Nanoscale Bioelectrical Characterization group and that of Antonio Juárez, Microbial Biotechnology and Host-pathogen Interaction, combined their expertise on microscopic electrical measurements and bacteria respectively to come up with a way to study the response to external electrical fields of just a single bacterial cell. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Identifying constellations of bacteria that are associated with undesirable conditions could be followed by corrective measures that would alter microbial communities by diet, drugs, or probiotics (live bacterial cultures). (nih.gov)
The human skin including the scalp surface, serves as the body's first line of defence as well as a host to a myriad of microorganisms, which includes both bacteria and fungi 1 . (nature.com)
Microbial Communication: Bacteria/Bacteria and Bacteria/Host. (arizona.edu)
Bacteria/Bacteria and Bacteria/Host. (arizona.edu)
Dive into the research topics of 'Microbial Communication: Bacteria/Bacteria and Bacteria/Host. (arizona.edu)
The aim of this review is to summarize the effect in host energy metabolism of the production of B group vitamins and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by commensal, food-grade and probiotic bacteria, which are also actors of the mammalian nutrition. (biomedcentral.com)
This process takes advantage of the thick microbial cell wall, which prevents osmotic lysis of bacteria, even while the host cells are lysed. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Here, the contribution of symbiotic bacteria to the fitness of the bug was investigated by combining two different approaches to manipulate the host's microbial community: the supplementation of antibiotics into the insects' diet and egg surface sterilization. (bioone.org)

These dynamic microbial communities have a major impact on human health - by promoting proper development of host organs, stimulating development of the immune system, providing nutrients to the human host, and excluding potential pathogens. (nih.gov)
A team of editors, led by USDA scientist Indira Kudva, compiled perspectives from experts to explain the wide variety of mechanisms through which bacterial pathogens cause disease: the host interface, host cell enslavement, and bacterial communication, secretion, defenses, and persistence. (ellibs.com)
These microbial communities are home to helpful germs and pathogens (harmful germs). (cdc.gov)
Microbial gene analysis for determining genome content of pathogens causing OM. (nih.gov)
The interplay of opportunistic pathogens of the urinary and vaginal tracts, commensal microbes at the urinary and vaginal tract meatus and the human host will be elucidated. (jcvi.org)
These findings indicate there is a potential risk of transmitting microbial pathogens via cryopreserved gametes and embryos. (umsystem.edu)

Metabolic degradation products resulting from host metabolism or gut microbiome metabolism can, however, exhibit increased bioavailability and pharmacological effects. (nih.gov)
Various environmental and intrinsic factors are reported to be linked to the development of dandruff, such as the sebum composition, host susceptibility, scalp microbiome, and a combined interaction between all of these. (nature.com)
The fine-tuning of rhizosphere microbiome in host metabolism indicates that the functions of microbial communities should be integrated into P management to increase P use efficiency and sustainable food production. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, using faecal samples from patients with IBD, we show through diversity analysis of the microbial community structure based on the 16S rRNA gene that the gut microbiome of IBD patients is less diverse compared to healthy individuals. (springer.com)
Every mammal hosts a hidden community of other organisms-the microbiome. (phys.org)
Using Benzonase ® Nuclease in a microbiome workflow reduces host DNA present in samples. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Explore results from our team of experts with sample data showing how Benzonase ® Nuclease reduces host DNA in Microbiome samples. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Microbiome saliva samples commonly have a high percentage of host DNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This can be problematic for microbiome research as most of the sequencing reads align to the host organism. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Here we show that Benzonase ® Nuclease effectively reduces the host DNA fraction of saliva samples and enhances microbiome DNA extraction methods. (sigmaaldrich.com)
However, more research is needed in the field of microbial ecology to expand upon and develop new therapeutic strategies that address colonization, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), and antimicrobial resistance, all while considering patient safety and the implications for a patient's microbiome. (cdc.gov)
Advanced sequencing of the microbiome - the genome of the entire microbial population - in tissue samples taken from sites at the beginning and the end of the large intestine revealed a significant decrease in diversity in the microbial population of the Crohn's patients, who had yet to receive any treatment for their disease. (harvard.edu)

Van Leeuwenhoek, using his simple microscopes, first observed microorganisms on tooth surfaces and can be credited with the discovery of microbial biofilms. (cdc.gov)
Kolodkin-Gal lab, Assembly and Disassembly of Microbial Biofilms. (weizmann.ac.il)

Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch (BCBB) has expertise in many types of genomics methods applied to metagenomics, microbial genomics, transcriptomics, phylogenomics and others. (nih.gov)
Research within the group draws upon particular strengths in molecular microbiology, microbial genomics, transcriptomics, bioinformatics, and models of infection. (bath.ac.uk)

This proposal will develop the methods and capabilities for host and gut microbial metabolism of complex botanical mixtures and provide pharmacological significance regarding the antiviral efficacy of elderberry. (nih.gov)
Microbial metabolism and growth in hydrocarbon reservoirs has both positive and negative impacts on energy recovery. (nature.com)
Microbial genetics also has applications in being able to study processes and pathways that are similar to those found in humans such as drug metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
The microbial communities of the gut, in particular, have global implications for health through their metabolism of food and drugs. (nih.gov)
The routes of communication between the gut and brain include the vagus nerve, the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, via the enteric nervous system or via microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids. (nih.gov)
The mechanisms of how these microbial end products, produced by these bacterial strains, act on energy metabolism will be discussed. (biomedcentral.com)
We will particularly emphasize the impact of these bacterial products on host energy metabolism and consecutively on fatigue. (biomedcentral.com)

Their intestines teem with complex microbial populations that are critical for nutrition, fighting disease and degrading harmful toxins. (phys.org)

[ 14 ] In 1998, it was reported that the mammalian TLR4 protein was responsible for the recognition of microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by immune cells and signal transduction across the plasma membrane. (medscape.com)

Microbial genetics is a subject area within microbiology and genetic engineering. (wikipedia.org)
Microbial genetics studies microorganisms for different purposes. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic Engineering is a field of work and study within microbial genetics. (wikipedia.org)
Microbial genetics can focus on Charles Darwin's work and scientists have continued to study his work and theories by the use of microbes. (wikipedia.org)
Studying evolution by using microbial genetics involves scientists looking at evolutionary balance. (wikipedia.org)
Studying the relationship between microbes and the environment is a key component to microbial genetics evolution. (wikipedia.org)
Host genetics associated with microbial hubs explained over 10% of the variation in lifetime seed production among host genotypes across sites and years. (universite-paris-saclay.fr)

[ 17 ] Individual TLRs have different binding properties that engage a variety of ligands, including microbial products (e.g. (medscape.com)

In summary, Prof. Dai developed novel methods to study the dynamical response, spatial structure and strain-level diversity of microbial communities. (microbiota-site.com)
Studies have devoted to the impact of P fertilization on the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities, and the understanding of the mechanisms by which microbes mine or scavenge soil P ( Richardson and Simpson, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
But with resistance formation, these compounds become increasingly ineffective, while the majority of microbial and with that chemical compound diversity remains inaccessible for cultivation and exploration. (elifesciences.org)
Significant alterations in network topology and connectivity in function were observed, despite similarity in gut microbial alpha diversity ( P = 0.30) and beta-diversity ( P = 0.123) between control and BBR treatment. (researchsquare.com)
My work focuses on assessing the processes that shape diversity and the ecological implications of variation within microbial species. (exeter.ac.uk)

Under either model, microbes play a central role by activating the immune response through pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), also known as microbial-associated molecular patterns. (medscape.com)
In addition, host genetic effects on microbial communities vary widely depending on the environment, obscuring conclusions about which microbes are impacted and which plant functions are important. (universite-paris-saclay.fr)
The host provides a home and nutrients for the microbes, and the microbes are crucial for stimulating healthy immunity, representing a mutually beneficial relationship. (nih.gov)

Expanding our microbial ecology knowledge at the intersection of public health will lead us to new strategies to prevent infections and combat antimicrobial resistance, especially in healthcare settings. (cdc.gov)

This Funding Opportunity Announcem ent (FOA) issued by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), solicits applications that propose genetic, physiological, and ecological studies designed to reveal the basic principles and mechanisms th at govern the symbiotic systems dynamics of microbial communities. (nih.gov)
Our associated microbial communities play a critical role in human health and predisposition to disease, but the degree to which they also shape therapeutic interventions is not well understood. (nih.gov)
Recent single-gene investigations revealed that halotolerant microbial communities were enriched after hydraulic fracturing. (nature.com)
Alteration of indigenous microbial communities can cause pathological conditions, including periodontal disease, ulcers, and secondary pneumonia. (nih.gov)
Recent studies indicate that microbial communities can influence many other aspects of human health, from obesity to chronic diseases like atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
Given the key role of indigenous microbial communities in determining human health and disease, personalized medicine, in addition to being based on an individual's genome sequence, will require an understanding of the microbial communities associated with the individual. (nih.gov)
Microbial community ecology, generally, lacks sufficient empirical attention, theory, and principles, so there is little past work to draw from in making predictions about host-associated communities. (nih.gov)
In fact, many classical community-level questions may be asked most effectively in host-associated communities because they are contained and relatively easy to manipulate in 'natural' ways by simply modifying the host's environment. (nih.gov)
Simply identifying the microorganisms and sequencing genes in these microbiomes will not provide the depth of understanding of microbial communities that is needed to design effective preventions or treatments for human diseases. (nih.gov)
However, it will be necessary to understand the physiology and ecology of microbial communities to be able to manipulate these communities to achieve desired human health outcomes. (nih.gov)
In November 2008, NIGMS sponsored a colloquium that was intended to evaluate the current status and research needs in the field of host-associated microbial communities. (nih.gov)
The realization that microbial communities, associated with virtually all multicellular organisms, have tremendous impact on their hosts' health and development is considered one of the most important scientific discoveries in the last decade. (microbiota-site.com)
The spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities has been observed across different habitats, ranging from human gastrointestinal tract to plant rhizosphere. (microbiota-site.com)
Together, our results reveal that host genetic variation impacts the microbial communities in consistent ways across environments and that these effects contribute to fitness variation among host genotypes. (universite-paris-saclay.fr)
We all have our own microbial communities, called microbiomes, on our skin and in our gut that help us maintain good health. (cdc.gov)

CDC knows there is an important connection between microbial ecology and the health and wellbeing of people. (cdc.gov)
Leveraging microbial ecology to advance and protect our health involves a cross-cutting and dynamic effort from diverse collaborators, including public health experts, academic researchers, private industry, and regulatory experts. (cdc.gov)
Although scientists know that microbial ecology plays an important role in maintaining human health, there are remaining scientific questions. (cdc.gov)

R. rhodnii that was previously genetically engineered to produce the anti-microbial peptide, cecropin A was co-infected with T. cruzi into R. prolixus resulting in clearance of the infectious T. cruzi in 65% of the vectors. (westminster.ac.uk)
Similar anti-microbial peptides have been isolated elsewhere and were studied for differential toxicity against T. cruzi and R. rhodnii. (westminster.ac.uk)
Of the six anti-microbial peptides tested, apidaecin, magainin II, melittin, and cecropin A were deemed potential candidates for the Chagas paratransgenic system as they were capable of killing T. cruzi at concentrations that exhibit little or no toxic effects on R. rhodnii. (westminster.ac.uk)
Subsequent treatments of T. cruzi with these peptides in pair-wise combinations resulted in synergistic killing, indicating that improvement of the 65% parasite clearance seen in previous experiments may be possible utilizing combinations of different anti-microbial peptides. (westminster.ac.uk)
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid nutraceutical compound found in certain roots ( Rhizoma coptidis ) and berries ( Berberis vulgaris, Coptis chinensis ) that is traditionally utilized to treat diarrhea through its anti-microbial action [1]. (researchsquare.com)

Furthermore, taxonomic analysis of the samples shows an increased number of microbial taxa were identified in samples that underwent host DNA depletion with Benzonase ® Nuclease (Figure 2). (sigmaaldrich.com)

The recent discovery of Nitrospira species capable of complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) in non-marine natural and engineered ecosystems under mesothermal conditions has changed our understanding of microbial nitrification. (microbial-ecology.net)
The removal of host DNA not only provided enhanced genus and species level identifications but also identified viral taxa that was previously missed in samples with a high fraction of host DNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Urinary tract infections may be caused by one or multiple microbial species. (jcvi.org)

The Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section aims to understand how skin functions as an immune organ and studies mechanisms that underlie host-microbial symbiosis during health and disease, in both experimental models and human diseases. (nih.gov)
Further studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying such brain effects and developing nutritional and microbial-based intervention strategies. (nih.gov)

Translocation of gut microbial products into the systemic circulation might increase because of increased intestinal permeability, bacterial overgrowth, or impaired clearance of microbial products by Kupffer cells. (utmb.edu)
In their paper in the March 12 issue of Cell Host & Microbe, researchers identified how the intestinal microbial population of the Crohn's patients differed from that of individuals free of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (harvard.edu)

We pay particular attention to microbial influences on host responses to xenobiotics, adding to the growing consensus that treatment outcomes reflect our intimate partnership with the microbial world, and providing an initial framework from which to consider a more comprehensive view of pharmacology and nutrition. (nih.gov)

Despite these potential microbial impacts, little is known about the function and activity of microorganisms in hydraulically fractured shale. (nature.com)

Our results show microbial degradation of chemical additives, the potential for microbially induced corrosion and the formation of biogenic methane, all of which have implications for the sustainability of energy extraction. (nature.com)

Transduction is a common tool used by molecular biologists to stably introduce a foreign gene into a host cell's genome. (wikipedia.org)
According to Sebastian Duchene Garzon, a microbiologist at the University of Melbourne, "the likelihood of ancient pathogen DNA leading to infections at present is remote, although certainly not impossible, because of how degraded the DNA usually is and because it would still need all the molecular machinery to infect a modern host. (medscape.com)
Despite the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infections, the course of bacterial colonization of the urinary tract and the molecular-physiological consequences of human host immune system reactions towards the microbial challenge and progression towards disease symptoms are not fully understood. (jcvi.org)
We use molecular, isotopic, and molecular biological approaches to get at the core of the relationship between the microbial world and the natural energy provided by geological processes. (nasa.gov)

Different aspects of the insect's life history have been studied, but to date nothing is known about their microbial symbionts. (bioone.org)

Finally, genome-wide association mapping identified many putatively causal genes with small effects on the relative abundance of microbial hubs across sites and years, and these genes were enriched for those involved in the synthesis of specialized metabolites, auxins, and the immune system. (universite-paris-saclay.fr)
Using untargeted metabolomics, we corroborate the consistent association between variation in specialized metabolites and microbial hubs across field sites. (universite-paris-saclay.fr)

2004). Principles of microbial pathogenicity and epidemiology . (manchester.ac.uk)

Janeway originally proposed a model that simplistically separated the world into 'self' and 'nonself', whereby cells of the innate immune system were constantly on vigilance for microbial products. (medscape.com)

The Masters of Microbial Biotechnology (MMB) has 15 new graduate students in their program. (ncsu.edu)

We investigated whether the extent and progression of liver disease in patients with chronic HBV or HCV infection are associated with microbial translocation and subsequent activation of monocytes. (utmb.edu)

Extensive links between viruses and microbial hosts demonstrate active viral predation, which may contribute to the release of labile cellular constituents into the extracellular environment. (nature.com)
Bats are reservoir hosts of several high-impact viruses that cause significant human diseases, including Nipah virus, Marburg virus and rabies virus. (mdpi.com)
They also harbor many other viruses that are thought to have caused disease in humans after spillover into intermediate hosts, including SARS and MERS coronaviruses. (mdpi.com)
As is usual with reservoir hosts, these viruses apparently cause little or no pathology in bats. (mdpi.com)

Several studies have suggested that the excessive immune response that characterizes Crohn's may be associated with an imbalance in the normal microbial population, but the exact relationship has not been clear. (harvard.edu)
Antibiotics are often prescribed for symptoms suggestive of Crohn's before a diagnosis is made, but microbial imbalance was even more pronounced in participants who happened to be on antibiotics at the time samples were taken, suggesting that antibiotic use could actually exacerbate symptoms rather than relieve them, the authors note. (harvard.edu)

Back to the Future: Probiotics and Microbial-Host Keystone Organisms and their Essential Functions" will take place on Thursday, May 10, from 3:15 to 4:30 p.m. (nih.gov)

The total DNA of a saliva sample consists of approximately 90% host DNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Average percent host DNA identified by shallow shotgun sequencing of both Benzonase® Nuclease treated and untreated saliva samples shows that Benzonase ® Nuclease eliminates the majority of host DNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Plasmodium spp, M. tuberculosis) and sequence data for host proteins which. (nih.gov)
Second keynote address: Inner workings of microbial membrane proteins. (nih.gov)

An established biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells. (cdc.gov)
A biofilm is an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that is enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix. (cdc.gov)

For this purpose, the U.S. EPA has been conducting epidemiologic studies to establish relationships between microbial measures of water quality and adverse health outcomes among swimmers. (nih.gov)

Host DNA depletion methods resolve this issue by removing the host fraction of the DNA hence allowing greater resolution of the microbial fraction of a sample with a lower depth of sequencing and lower cost. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The process of studying microbial evolution in this way lacks the ability to give a time scale of when the evolution took place. (wikipedia.org)

Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is a multifunctional innate immune protein that limits microbial overgrowth. (nih.gov)

Drug choice and dose would be guided by a portrait of the microbial community and an understanding of its ability to transform certain compounds. (nih.gov)
Similar results as for the antibiotic treatment were obtained when egg surface sterilization was used to manipulate the microbial community of E. integriceps . (bioone.org)

Fermentation of injected chemical additives also sustains long-term microbial persistence, while thiosulfate reduction could produce sulfide, contributing to reservoir souring and infrastructure corrosion. (nature.com)

This allows us to couple cutting-edge experimental work with powerful sequence based 'omics' and informatics approaches to provide significant new insights into microbial processes. (bath.ac.uk)

The current study analyzes data from the RISK Stratification Study , which was designed to investigate microbial, genetic, and other factors in a group of children newly diagnosed with Crohn's or other inflammatory bowel diseases. (harvard.edu)

The ultramodern Parisian offices of the microbial paleogenomics group, a team of five scientists led by Rascovan, clash with the logo they half-jokingly chose for themselves and plastered all over the lab's walls: of a Jurassic Park- inspired dinosaur baring its giant, ancient teeth, made to look like an image seen under a microscope. (medscape.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms74

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes80

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care9

Interactions11

Microbiota5

Pathogenesis1

Bacteria9

Pathogens6

Microbiome12

Biofilms2

Genomics2

Metabolism7

Complex microbial1

Signal transduction1

Genetics7

Including microbial products1

Diversity5

Microbes3

Antimicrobial1

Communities15

Ecology3

Anti-microbial5

Taxonomic1

Species3

Mechanisms2

Intestinal2

Responses1

Impacts1

Degradation1

Molecular4

Symbionts1

Metabolites2

Pathogenicity1

Immune system1

Biotechnology1

Infection1

Viruses4

Imbalance2

Probiotics1

Saliva2

Proteins2

Biofilm2

Outcomes1

Methods1

Evolution1

Protein1

Community2

Persistence1

Processes1

Inflammatory1

Scientists1