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HornsPosterior Horn CellsAnterior Horn CellsSpinal CordNociceptorsUterusRats, Sprague-DawleyHoof and ClawPainHyperalgesiaSpinal Nerve RootsPhysical StimulationAfferent PathwaysSpinal NervesNeuralgiaNerve Fibers, UnmyelinatedLumbosacral RegionNeurons, AfferentGanglia, SpinalReceptors, Neurokinin-1Injections, SpinalCatsMustard PlantSciatic NerveHyperesthesiaPain ThresholdSynaptic TransmissionElectric StimulationSubstance PRhizotomyNeuronsTrigeminal Nucleus, SpinalCapsaicinNociceptionTrigeminal Caudal NucleusPregnancy, AnimalBeetlesSciatic NeuropathyInterneuronsAction PotentialsNerve FibersPregnancyEvoked PotentialsPain MeasurementFreund's AdjuvantEctoparasitic InfestationsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsNeural InhibitionMotor NeuronsMorphineElectrophysiologyMedulla OblongataUterine Diseasesgamma-Aminobutyric AcidAnalgesicsPeripheral Nerve InjuriesDjiboutiPatch-Clamp TechniquesGlycine AgentsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosNaloxoneLameness, AnimalHot TemperatureFormaldehydeFoot DiseasesReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateBehavior, AnimalUterine RuptureSensory Receptor CellsStrychninePruritusN-MethylaspartatePresynaptic TerminalsHindlimbImmunohistochemistrySynapsesTibial NeuropathyReceptors, Opioid, muInsemination, ArtificialRats, WistarCerebral VentriclesCalcitonin Gene-Related PeptideGlutamic AcidPeriaqueductal GraySperm TransportAxonsExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsPeripheral Nervous System DiseasesLigationTissue AdhesionsCarrageenanReflexEmbryo ImplantationAnimals, NewbornLitter SizeBicucullineDisease Models, AnimalInhibitory Postsynaptic PotentialsGlycineUterine Contraction
Dorsal hornNeuronsPosteriorMidlineLumbarInterneuronsFissureMotorCervicalNerveRootsAnterior hornMouthGrey matterSideCordBodyLeftLargeLiesUpperCommonLateral HornRamiSensoryNervesExtensorsMusclesVertebralAxonVIIIProjectionsColumnsSynapseSurfaceTailSlicesOccurAfferentPrimaryGrayDemonstrateFoundLargerPresentPain
Dorsal horn5
  • Dorsal horn neurons, no. (cdc.gov)
  • Reliability of task-based fMRI in the dorsal horn of the human spinal cord. (mpg.de)
  • In contrast, distinctive staining was consistently observed in the ventral columns, the tip of the dorsal horn, and the central canal in treated animals. (cdc.gov)
  • For this to happen, a first order neuron, found inside a dorsal root ganglion carries sensory input from the skin to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord , where it synapses with the second order neuron. (osmosis.org)
  • In the gray matter, AADC neurons immunolabeled for NeuN were not only found in the region around the central canal but also in the dorsal horn, intermediate zone, and ventral horn. (lu.se)
Neurons11
  • One of the divisions of the grey matter of the spinal cord , the ventral horn contains cell bodies of alpha motor neurons , which innervate skeletal muscle to cause movement. (neuroscientificallychallenged.com)
  • The ventral horn also contains other neurons involved in local circuits and the cell bodies of neurons called gamma motor neurons , which are involved in regulating muscle spindle sensitivity. (neuroscientificallychallenged.com)
  • Neurons, astrocytes, and microglia within the ventral horns was verified by Neurons, astrocytes, and microglia within the ventral horns was verified by NIH image J application.Immunoblot analysisResected fresh mouse spinal cords have been stored at -80 until use. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • The ventral (anterior) horns of the grey matter contain lower motor neurons. (emcrit.org)
  • Recent studies have found other subpopulations of ventral horn interneurons outside of the RC area that express CB, but knowledge regarding the function and connectivity of these neurons is limited. (wright.edu)
  • They also found histologic evidence of loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn cells of this region. (medscape.com)
  • Grey matter is found within the medial portion of the spinal cord and has two dorsal or posterior horns that contain cell bodies of sensory neurons and two ventral or anterior horns that contain cell bodies of motor neurons. (osmosis.org)
  • The anterior (ventral) horns of the "H" contain lower motor neurons, which receive impulses from the motor cortex via the descending corticospinal tracts and, at the local level, from internuncial neurons and afferent fibers from muscle spindles. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The gray matter also contains many internuncial neurons that carry motor, sensory, or reflex impulses from dorsal to ventral nerve roots, from one side of the cord to the other, or from one level of the cord to another. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Additionally, a small number of AADC neurons labeled for NeuN were found in the white matter along the ventral median fissure. (lu.se)
  • For example, throughout cervical and lumbar segments AADC neurons in the intermediate zone and ventral horn tended to be rather large and weakly immunolabeled, whereas those in comparable regions of sacrocaudal segments were smaller and more densely immunolabeled. (lu.se)
Posterior3
  • Horse: posterior spinal cord ventral horn poliomyelitis, menigieal edema. (cdc.gov)
  • The secondary neuron then ascends up the length of the spinal cord via the spinothalamic tracts , and eventually synapse with a 3rd order neuron located in the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus . (osmosis.org)
  • The posterior (dorsal) horns contain sensory fibers that originate in cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia. (msdmanuals.com)
Midline2
  • A distinct chin becomes evident in the midline at the ventral end of the mandibular area. (ehd.org)
  • The penis is situated in the ventral midline and opens cranially. (scielo.org.za)
Lumbar1
  • Pudendal motoneurons are located in the ventral horn of the caudal lumbar spinal cord and send their axon into the pudendal nerve. (unige.ch)
Interneurons3
  • A distinguishing feature of RCs is that they are the only interneurons within the ventral-most region of the spinal cord expressing the calcium binding protein calbindin (CB). (wright.edu)
  • We hypothesize CB expression serves a functional purpose for ventral horn interneurons and as well as identifying RCs. (wright.edu)
  • Here we compare known characteristics of RCs with other ventral horn interneurons that express CB. (wright.edu)
Fissure1
  • The primordial hippocampus dorsal to the choroid fissure follows the same growth pattern lying first in the medial wall of the inferior horn, then in the floor. (ehd.org)
Motor2
  • The anterior grey column (also called the anterior cornu, anterior horn of spinal cord, motor horn or ventral horn) is the front column of grey matter in the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neurodegeneration in the spinal ventral horn prior to motor impairment in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. (mpg.de)
Cervical1
  • As the head continues to raise from the ventral chest wall, the cervical fold disappears and the neck region becomes well defined. (ehd.org)
Nerve1
  • 5. The dorsal and ventral primary rami of a spinal nerve. (ehd.org)
Roots1
  • Both physicians conducted autopsies on their patients and found severe atrophy of the ventral roots of the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
Anterior horn2
  • Spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) represent a rare group of inherited disorders that cause progressive degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • We were notified of sus- spinal anterior horn cells is the most common mechanism pected cases by infection control practitioners and health of WNV-associated paralysis and is associated with signif- professionals at 8 hospitals in and around the catchment icant short- and long-term illness and death. (cdc.gov)
Mouth1
  • It has five horns: two on the top of its head, and three around its large, wavy mouth. (bulbagarden.net)
Grey matter1
  • Seven cells had axon collaterals that arborized in the contralateral grey matter in the ventral horn of the same segments. (nih.gov)
Side2
  • The bulbus cordis lies on the ventral side to the right with the deep bulboventricular sulcus at its left margin. (ehd.org)
  • This species is completely black, the body is short and convex, quite hairy on the ventral side and usually with a short conical horn in the centre of the head of the males. (wikipedia.org)
Cord6
  • The cell body (ie, soma) is in the anterior horn within the cord parenchyma. (medscape.com)
  • Neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and ultrastructural changes at ventral spinal cord were also investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • Histologic lesions consistent with dysautonomia were found in the autonomic ganglia, brainstem nuclei, and ventral horns of the spinal cord. (avma.org)
  • Thus, diseases affecting the anterior horn of the spinal cord cause flaccid paralysis. (emcrit.org)
  • Two modes of cell migration in the ventral horn of the spinal cord in the chick embryo. (us.es)
  • Immunohistochemistry: Rac1 Antibody [NB100-91266] - Rat spinal cord (ventral horn) using Rabbit antibody to RAC1, RAC2 whole serum at 1:1000 dilution. (novusbio.com)
Body2
  • The large heart and liver bulge the ventral body wall but to a lesser degree than previously. (ehd.org)
  • 4. The arytenoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx and the greater horn and body of the hyoid apparatus. (ehd.org)
Left3
  • Left ventral horn. (cdc.gov)
  • The common atrial chamber is divided into right and left portions by a ventral depression caused by the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus. (ehd.org)
  • It develops a large right and a small left horn. (ehd.org)
Large1
  • The right horn dilates and joins with the right atrium through the large sinoatrial orifice. (ehd.org)
Lies1
  • The amygdala area lies in the roof of the inferior horn between the rostral end of the horn and the basal ganglia. (ehd.org)
Upper2
  • The singular horn on its upper jaw allows it to gather ice energy and freeze its surroundings. (bulbagarden.net)
  • Ice energy builds up in the horn on its upper jaw, causing the horn to reach cryogenic temperatures that freeze its surroundings. (bulbagarden.net)
Common1
  • Each sinus horn receives three veins: a) the common cardinal vein, b) the umbilical vein and c) the vitelline vein by way of the hepatocardiac vein. (ehd.org)
Lateral Horn2
  • Preganglionic sympathetic fibres have cell bodies in the intermedio- lateral horn of grey matter in the spinal cord between T1 & L2. (wfsahq.org)
  • This structure is a lateral grey column (lateral horn) . (endinglines.com)
Rami3
  • 5. The dorsal and ventral primary rami of a spinal nerve. (ehd.org)
  • These fibres emerge from the spinal cord in the primary ventral rami of the spinal nerves and pass to the sympathetic chain via the white rami communicantes. (wfsahq.org)
  • Sacral preganglionic fibres emerge from the CNS via the ventral rami of nerves S2-S4 and form the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which pass to ganglia close to the effector organs. (wfsahq.org)
Sensory5
  • The spinal dorsal horn is the first site of integration of multiple sensory modalities and their modulation. (lww.com)
  • This triggers an action potential, which travels along the sensory fiber from the skin, through the dorsal spinal root to the spinal cord, and directly activates a ventral horn motor neuron. (utoronto.ca)
  • The basic withdrawal reflex explained above includes sensory input (the painful stimulus), central processing (the synapse in the spinal cord), and motor output (activation of a ventral motor neuron that causes contraction of the biceps brachii). (utoronto.ca)
  • A collateral branch of the sensory axon would inhibit another ventral horn motor neuron so that the triceps brachii do not contract and slow the withdrawal down. (utoronto.ca)
  • The dorsal root carries the sensory fiber, whereas the ventral root conveys the motor fibers. (anatomylearner.com)
Nerves4
  • The organisms produce a potent toxin, tetanospasmin, which binds to gangliosides at the neuromuscular junction and proceeds along the neuron to the ventral horns of the spinal cord or motor horns of the cranial nerves in 2-14 days. (cdc.gov)
  • In apes and humans, nerves in the corticospinal tract project into an area at the front of the spinal cord known as the ventral horn, which relays signals to skeletal muscles to initiate movement. (nih.gov)
  • But in recent decades, scientists had found that some corticospinal nerves also project into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which receives information about touch and sensation from the body. (nih.gov)
  • The cell body of a LMN lies within the ventral horn of the spinal cord or in the brainstem motor nuclei of the cranial nerves with motor modalities. (teachmephysiology.com)
Extensors1
  • This means that neurones which innervate distal musculature are located lateral to those which innervate axial muscles, and neurones which innervate extensors are ventral to those which innervate flexors. (teachmephysiology.com)
Muscles1
  • The labia generate the sound, dorsal muscles time the sound production, and ventral muscles control the sound frequency. (nih.gov)
Vertebral2
  • The root of the spinal nerve lies within the vertebral canal and consists of a dorsal root and a ventral root. (anatomylearner.com)
  • The main bodies of the vertebrae are on the anterior, or ventral, side of the vertebral column. (brainmadesimple.com)
Axon1
  • GRP immunoreactivity was seen in both primary afferent and non-primary glutamatergic axon terminals in the superficial dorsal horn. (biomedcentral.com)
VIII2
Projections1
  • His research showed that mice with impaired corticospinal projections to the dorsal horn have reduced responses to light touch. (nih.gov)
Columns1
  • In contrast, distinctive staining was consistently observed in the ventral columns, the tip of the dorsal horn, and the central canal in treated animals. (cdc.gov)
Synapse1
  • After the information is passed through a synapse in either the dorsal or ventral horns (gray matter), the interneuron decussates across the spinal cord and ascends the spinal tract, to ultimately pass this information to the brain. (brainmadesimple.com)
Surface1
  • This position was unambiguously supported by posteroventral thickening on the ventral surface of the premaxilla (independently derived in saurolophid hadrosaurids and Ouranosaurus nigeriensis) and having foramina on each premaxilla on the anterior surface, adjacent to the parasagittal plane of the rostrum (reconstructed as independently derived in Brachylophosaurus canadensis, Maiasaura peeblesorum, and Edmontosaurus annectens). (researchgate.net)
Tail1
  • The tail has a dark nuchal stripe and the pale ventral color and is 14 to 20 cm in length. (animaldiversity.org)
Slices3
  • The seed voxel is selected in the right ventral horn in C5, and exhibits functional connectivity with the contralateral ventral horn in the same slice as well as adjacent slices. (elifesciences.org)
  • The highest correlations are observed in the contralateral ventral horn on the same slice ( z = 4.10) and on the adjacent slices ( z = 4.38). (elifesciences.org)
  • At the single-subject level, there is some evidence for functional connectivity between ventral and dorsal horns, but such correlations are less common across slices and not statistically significant at the group level. (elifesciences.org)
Occur1
  • Because high densities of alpha3beta4 nicotinic receptors occur in the medial habenula and the interpeduncular nucleus and moderate densities occur in the dorsolateral tegmentum, ventral tegmental area, and basolateral amygdala, the present study was conducted to determine if 18-MC could act in these brain areas to modulate methamphetamine self-administration in rats. (brainmaps.org)
Afferent1
  • We showed that the responses are fiber-specific, located ipsilaterally in the dorsal horn, and that they follow the somatotopy of afferent fiber entries in the dorsal horn and that the C-fiber response is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent mechanism. (lww.com)
Primary1
  • However, although GRP immunoreactivity has been detected in the spinal dorsal horn, there is debate about whether this originates from primary afferents or local excitatory interneurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Gray2
  • In ( K ) (subject 20), focal connectivity between ventral horns and with central gray matter. (elifesciences.org)
  • The specific horns of the gray matter are responsible for different things. (solverytic.com)
Demonstrate1
  • In this study, we assess above stenosis regional grey matter changes and demonstrate that next to bilateral dorsal horn atrophy, the normal appearing ventral horns show diffusivity changes which relate to white matter integrity loss. (ismrm.org)
Found1
Larger1
  • We show that endogenous GlyRs exhibit equal receptor-scaffold occupancy and constant packing densities of about 2000 GlyRs μm -2 at synapses across the spinal cord and throughout adulthood, even though ventral horn synapses have twice the total copy numbers, larger postsynaptic domains and more convoluted morphologies than dorsal horn synapses. (biorxiv.org)
Present1
  • The ventral aspect of the oral margin in all four specimens ( Fig. 1m-p) is similarly denticulate with a deep peripheral groove that results in the 'double-layer' morphology present in all hadrosaurids and some non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroids (Horner et al. (researchgate.net)
Pain1