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Cyclic AMPHormonesReceptors, Cyclic AMPBucladesineThyroid HormonesFollicle Stimulating HormoneLuteinizing HormoneParathyroid HormoneGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneGonadal Steroid HormonesCyclic AMP Receptor ProteinColforsin1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine3',5'-Cyclic-AMP PhosphodiesterasesAdrenocorticotropic HormoneTheophyllineAdenylate CyclaseReceptors, Thyroid HormoneHuman Growth HormoneAMP DeaminasePituitary HormonesIsoproterenolTriiodothyronine8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine MonophosphateAdenosine MonophosphateKineticsJuvenile HormonesCyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinPhosphodiesterase InhibitorsHormone Replacement TherapyThyrotropinCalciumGrowth Hormone-Releasing HormoneStimulation, ChemicalGlucagonPituitary GlandCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneEstradiolCyclic GMPCells, CulturedRats, Inbred StrainsTestosteroneThyroxineDose-Response Relationship, DrugRolipramCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesProlactinEpinephrineHypothalamic HormonesPeptide HormonesProgesteroneProstaglandins EGastrointestinal HormonesMolecular Sequence DataCholera ToxinCell LineAnti-Mullerian HormoneGonadal HormonesRNA, MessengerThyroid Hormone Receptors betaTime FactorsNucleotides, CyclicPituitary Hormones, AnteriorPhosphoric Diester HydrolasesSignal TransductionInsulinLiverPituitary Gland, AnteriorMelanocyte-Stimulating HormonesBase SequenceGlycoprotein Hormones, alpha SubunitThyroid GlandAdenosineTranscription, GeneticProtein KinasesInsect HormonesEnzyme ActivationHydrocortisoneXanthinesAlprostadilGene Expression RegulationThyroid Hormone Receptors alphaRadioimmunoassaySecond Messenger SystemsChorionic GonadotropinHypothyroidismInvertebrate HormonesHormone AntagonistsAdenylate Cyclase ToxinPituitary Hormone-Releasing HormonesEstrogensPituitary Hormones, PosteriorOvaryCattleReceptors, SomatotropinPromoter Regions, GeneticAmino Acid SequencePhenylisopropyladenosineTesticular HormonesFollicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit
Involving protein kinasesReceptorsCompound called cyclicAdenylate cyclaseIncrease cyclicForskolinPeptideCellularProteinsStimulationMetabolismDibutyrylPhosphodiesteraseFluid secretionParathyroid hormoneGenesMediateSecretionIntracellular secondCalciumGonadotropin-releasiSynthesisStimulatesCell MembraneMoleculeBindsMembraneRegulateLevelsDiuretic HormoneInhibitionRenalReceptorSteroid hormoneActivatesCellsRegulationCAMPPathwayEpinephrineThyroid slicesActivateLigandsPathwaysDietary supplementMeSH
Involving protein kinases1
  • Hormones mobilize intracellular second messengers and initiate signalling cascades involving protein kinases and phosphatases, which are often spatially compartmentalized by anchoring proteins to increase signalling specificity 1 . (nature.com)
Receptors19
  • Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) bind to and activate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, causing the thyroid gland to grow and the thyroid follicles to increase synthesis of thyroid hormone. (medscape.com)
  • As follicles grow, they acquire receptors for luteinizing hormone, a pituitary hormone that reinitiates meiosis in the oocyte and causes ovulation of a fertilizable egg. (wikipedia.org)
  • Luteinizing hormone acts on receptors in the outer layers of granulosa cells of the follicle, causing a decrease in cyclic GMP in the granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Discuss the role of different types of hormone receptors. (edu.vn)
  • Receptors for a specific hormone may be found on many different cells or may be limited to a small number of specialized cells. (edu.vn)
  • The number of receptors that respond to a hormone determines the cell's sensitivity to that hormone, and the resulting cellular response. (edu.vn)
  • 37.5: How Hormones Work - Plasma Membrane Hormone Receptors. (edu.vn)
  • Lipid-insoluble hormones bind to receptors on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, via plasma membrane hormone receptors. (edu.vn)
  • Describe the structure and function of plasma membrane hormone receptors. (edu.vn)
  • In this way, even though hormones circulate throughout the body and come into contact with many different cell types, they only affect cells that possess the necessary receptors. (openstax.org)
  • Cells can have many receptors for the same hormone but often also possess receptors for different types of hormones. (openstax.org)
  • In up-regulation , the number of receptors increases in response to rising hormone levels, making the cell more sensitive to the hormone and allowing for more cellular activity. (openstax.org)
  • When the number of receptors decreases in response to rising hormone levels, called down-regulation , cellular activity is reduced. (openstax.org)
  • Depending on the location of the protein receptor on the target cell and the chemical structure of the hormone, hormones can mediate changes directly by binding to intracellular hormone receptors and modulating gene transcription, or indirectly by binding to cell surface receptors and stimulating signaling pathways. (openstax.org)
  • The steroid hormones pass through the plasma membrane of a target cell and adhere to intracellular receptors residing in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. (openstax.org)
  • Other lipid-soluble hormones that are not steroid hormones, such as vitamin D and thyroxine, have receptors located in the nucleus. (openstax.org)
  • The hormones diffuse across both the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, then bind to receptors in the nucleus. (openstax.org)
  • THE nuclear receptor superfamily includes receptors for steroids, retinoids, thyroid hormone and vitamin D, as well as many related proteins. (northwestern.edu)
  • Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase bypassing membrane receptors and increasing the level of cyclic AMP. (wealthandwellness.in)
Compound called cyclic2
  • Research suggests that the overactive G protein may increase levels of adenylate cyclase and result in the overproduction of another compound called cyclic AMP (cAMP). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Forskolin appears to work in a way similar to certain types of conventional asthma drugs, by boosting the levels of a compound called cyclic AMP. (mytahoedog.com)
Adenylate cyclase5
Increase cyclic1
Forskolin5
  • Distinct mechanisms of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation and forskolin-potentiated hormone responses in C6-2B cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Derived from the Coleus plant, Forskolin is another notable ingredient in Testro-X. It's been associated with increased levels of cyclic AMP, a molecule that triggers the release of a thyroid hormone that also burns body fat and calories. (thomsonscientific.com)
  • It appears that forskolin acts by increasing cyclic AMP levels in cells, which increases metabolic rate. (ravereviews.org)
  • Forskolin has also been shown to boost adiponectin - a hormone that assists in the breakdown of body fat. (ravereviews.org)
  • Forskolin increases the level of cyclic AMP at an intra-cellular level by activating adenylyl cyclase in various cell types. (wealthandwellness.in)
Peptide3
Cellular4
Proteins3
  • In addition, cAMP binds to and regulates the function of ion channels such as the HCN channels and a few other cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins such as Epac1 and RAPGEF2 . (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclic AMP binds to specific locations on the regulatory units of the protein kinase, and causes dissociation between the regulatory and catalytic subunits, thus enabling those catalytic units to phosphorylate substrate proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, as the oocyte grows, these proteins are synthesized, and meiotic arrest becomes dependent on cyclic AMP . (wikipedia.org)
Stimulation1
  • Nateglinide, but not repaglinide, stimulates growth hormone release in rat pituitary cells by inhibition of K channels and stimulation of cyclic AMP-dependent exocytosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Metabolism2
  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated [3H]inositol metabolism in GH3 pituitary tumor cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Congratulations - you have completed HORMONE METABOLISM- Part 5 . (medquizzes.net)
Dibutyryl2
  • Administration of dibutyryl-cyclic AMP to adult rats increases mRNA, protein levels, and enzymatic activity of HMGCS2 in the liver ( 6, 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Immediately after dissociation the cells' ability to respond to secretogogues (high K + and dibutyryl cyclic AMP) is impaired, but after a 6-12-h culture period, the cells apparently recover and discharge 24% and 52%, respectively, of their content of prelabeled growth hormone over a 3-h period in response to these two secretogogues. (rupress.org)
Phosphodiesterase2
  • cAMP decomposition into AMP is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphodiesterase . (wikipedia.org)
  • In the oocyte, cyclic GMP prevents the breakdown of cyclic AMP by the phosphodiesterase PDE3, and thus maintains meiotic arrest. (wikipedia.org)
Fluid secretion1
  • Vasopressin promotes cell growth and fluid secretion via the cyclic AMP pathway, which leads to increase in the size and number of cysts in polycystic kidney disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Parathyroid hormone5
  • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a heterogeneous group of rare endocrine disorders characterized by normal renal function and resistance to the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH), manifesting with hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and increased serum concentration of PTH. (medscape.com)
  • Pseudohypoparathyroidism can be diagnosed by blood or urine tests to measure the levels of calcium, phosphorous, and parathyroid hormone. (medscape.com)
  • GNAS mutations on maternally inherited alleles (PHP-1a and PHP-1c) manifest resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), and gonadotropins, as well as the the phenotypic features of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO). (medscape.com)
  • Five had primary hyperparathyroidism with an elevated plasma ionised calcium and detectable plasma parathyroid hormone. (edu.au)
  • Nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and parathyroid hormone levels were highest in the primary hyperparathyroid group and did not differ significantly within the other groups. (edu.au)
Genes3
  • The cell signaling pathways induced by the steroid hormones regulate specific genes on the cell's DNA. (openstax.org)
  • The hormones and receptor complex act as transcription regulators by increasing or decreasing the synthesis of mRNA molecules of specific genes. (openstax.org)
  • The hormone-receptor complex stimulates transcription of specific genes. (openstax.org)
Mediate2
  • We established the cis-acting elements which mediate cAMP responsiveness of the human growth hormone (hGH) gene in transiently transfected rat anterior pituitary tumor GC cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Shepard, AR, Zhang, W & Eberhardt, NL 1994, ' Two CGTCA motifs and a GHF1/Pit1 binding site mediate cAMP-dependent protein kinase A regulation of human growth hormone gene expression in rat anterior pituitary GC cells ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 269, no. 3, pp. 1804-1814. (elsevierpure.com)
Secretion1
  • The exact mechanism of salivary secretion is not completely understood but is believed to be under the influence of a cyclic AMP (adenosine 3,'5'-cyclic monophosphate) and a calcium-activated phosphorylation mechanism. (medscape.com)
Intracellular second1
Calcium2
Gonadotropin-releasi1
  • Specialized hypothalamic neurons secrete pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the portal blood vessels, which acts on the gonadotrophs to cause a pulsatile release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which act on ovarian follicle cells to control folliculogenesis. (glowm.com)
Synthesis2
  • Many, if not most, of the body's life functions, such as the regulation of blood sugar, the stabilization of blood pressure, the assimilation of nutrients and the activation of hormone synthesis, are based on negative-feedback control. (ironmanmagazine.com)
  • Among its numerous actions cAMP sets off steroid hormone synthesis by stimulating hormones that are secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands, a process that's likely a primal adaptation mechanism that has to do with human survival. (ironmanmagazine.com)
Stimulates2
  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates rapid breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate in GH3 pituitary tumor cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Luteinizing hormone also stimulates gene expression leading to ovulation. (wikipedia.org)
Cell Membrane1
  • Which one of the following pairs of hormones can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it? (edu.vn)
Molecule2
  • The granulosa cells produce a small molecule, cyclic GMP , that diffuses into the oocyte through the gap junctions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 (eN/CD73) is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in extracellular production of adenosine and a cell adhesion molecule involved in cell-cell interactions. (bvsalud.org)
Binds2
  • the hormone that binds at the surface remains at the surface of the cell while the intracellular product remains inside the cell. (edu.vn)
  • In the nucleus, the hormone-receptor complex binds to a DNA sequence called a hormone response element (HRE), which triggers gene transcription and translation. (openstax.org)
Membrane4
  • cAMP is a second messenger , used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring into cells the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline , which cannot pass through the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] The cyclic AMP is generated by the oocyte by adenylyl cyclase in the oocyte membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • 13 which hormone would pass directly through the plasma membrane of a target cell? (edu.vn)
  • At the target cell, the hormones are released from the carrier protein and diffuse across the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of cells. (openstax.org)
Regulate3
  • PIT1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor responsible for pituitary development and hormone expression in mammals and is a member of the POU family of transcription factors that regulate mammalian development. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme is involved in controlling the production of several hormones that help regulate the activity of certain endocrine glands, including the adrenal glands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, insulin and glycogen are antagonistic hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. (ironmanmagazine.com)
Levels6
  • Vasodilators and hormones, such as acetylcholine, insulin and oxytocin, as well as serotonin and histamine, cause an increase in cGMP levels. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • These nodules, which usually are found in both adrenal glands (bilateral) and vary in size, cause adrenal gland enlargement (hyperplasia) and result in the production of higher-than-normal levels of the hormone cortisol. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cortisol is an important hormone that suppresses inflammation and protects the body from physical stress such as infection or trauma through several mechanisms including raising levels of blood glucose, also called blood sugar. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The factors responsible for the postnatal and starvation-associated induction of HMGCS2 gene expression have been identified and shown to involve changes in circulating hormone and fatty acid levels. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It is commonly used to raise levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) which is an important messenger for a proper biological response of cells to hormones. (healthy-talks.com)
  • Depressed patients generally have reduced levels of cyclic AMP. (wealthandwellness.in)
Diuretic Hormone1
  • Both LPN types rhythmically express three neuropeptides, Allostatin A , Allostatin C , and Diuretic Hormone 31 with maxima in the morning and the evening. (sdbonline.org)
Inhibition1
  • Increased cyclic AMP can cause inhibition of platelet activation (resulting in decreased likelihood of blood clots), increased force of contraction of heart, reduced release of histamine (resulting in decreased allergy symptoms), increased thyroid function, and increased lipolysis (fat burning). (wealthandwellness.in)
Renal1
Receptor3
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with pivotal roles in reproduction. (frontiersin.org)
  • As cAMP signaling drives gonadotrophin hormone receptor recycling, rapid exocytic events were evaluated at single event resolution. (frontiersin.org)
  • Upon hormone binding, the receptor dissociates from the heat shock protein and translocates to the nucleus. (openstax.org)
Steroid hormone1
  • In this way, the steroid hormone regulates specific cell processes as illustrated in Figure 37.5 . (openstax.org)
Activates2
  • activates adenyl cyclase (cAMP production) in thyroid cells leading to production and release of the thyroid hormones (T4 and T3). (poisonfluoride.com)
  • The hormone that initiates the signaling pathway is called a first messenger, which activates a second messenger in the cytoplasm. (edu.vn)
Cells4
  • Feliciello, A., Rubin, C. S., Avvedimento, E. V. & Gottesman, M. E. Expression of a kinase anchor protein 121 is regulated by hormones in thyroid and testicular germ cells. (nature.com)
  • [5] Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis to resume. (wikipedia.org)
  • Throughout this period, the cells incorporate linearly [ 3 H]leucine into protein for up to 4 h at a rate 90% greater than hemipituitaries, and they synthesize, transport intracellularly, and release the two major pituitary secretory products, growth hormone and prolactin. (rupress.org)
  • Cyclic AMP belongs to a class of substances known as "second messengers" and is one of the most important cells regulating compounds. (wealthandwellness.in)
Regulation1
  • An important feature of the action of the lipophilic hormones and vitamins is that the maintenance of homeostatic function requires both intrinsic positive and negative regulation. (northwestern.edu)
CAMP1
  • In eukaryotes, cyclic AMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase ). (wikipedia.org)
Pathway1
  • After binding its hormone FSH, FSHR undergoes internalization to very early endosomes (VEEs) for its acute signaling and sorting to a rapid recycling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
Epinephrine1
Thyroid slices1
Activate1
Ligands1
  • The mechanisms regulating follicle growth and development are under the control of changing concentrations of ligands ( i.e. hormones and growth factors). (glowm.com)
Pathways1
  • The role of CBP/P300 in the transcriptional response to cyclic AMP, phorbol esters, serum, the lipophilic hormones and as the target of the E1A oncoprotein suggests they may serve as integrators of extracellular and intracellular signalling pathways. (northwestern.edu)
Dietary supplement1
MeSH1
  • Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)