• Blinks executed during eye movements affect kinetic eye movement parameters, e.g., peak velocity of saccades is decreased, their duration is increased, but their amplitude is not altered. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • In a natural environment, saccade and vergence eye movements shift gaze in different directions and distances. (njit.edu)
  • The recruitment of saccades may be utilized because of the longer period of diplopia resulting from slower vergence movements. (njit.edu)
  • Most studies on blink-induced eye movements have been restricted to rotations about the horizontal and vertical axes. (arvojournals.org)
  • In five healthy human subjects, eye movements about all principal axes of rotation (horizontal, vertical, and torsional) were recorded during voluntary blinks of different durations (as short as possible, 0.83 seconds, and 1.67 seconds) in straight-ahead gaze. (arvojournals.org)
  • 3 measured horizontal and vertical eye movements during blinks at different gaze positions within 10° from straight-ahead gaze. (arvojournals.org)
  • Here, we propose a novel information presentation technique that exploits the perceptional features during rapid eye movements called saccades by using a fast remote eye-measuring method. (mit.edu)
  • spatial resolution = 0.1 deg and temporal resolution = 60 Hz) was used to non-invasively measure horizontal and vertical eye movements in our patient. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results: Patients showed abnormally hypermetric and fast horizontal saccades to the left and greater inaccuracy than healthy subjects in all saccadic eye movements. (unisi.it)
  • Eye movement abnormalities included slow eye movements that preceded the initial saccade. (unisi.it)
  • Conclusion: Slow eye movements accompanying saccades, SI, and cerebellar nystagmus are frequently seen in AT patients, additionally our ATLD patients showed the presence of fast and hypermetric saccades suggesting damage of granule cell-parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses of the cerebellar vermis. (unisi.it)
  • Saccades are very fast eye movements that allow the eyes to quickly move from one target or image to another. (uconn.edu)
  • Saccade characteristics were investigated, and the results of saccadic eye movements elicited by the three different stimuli types were compared. (uconn.edu)
  • Both areas contained saccade-related activity that predicted the direction/timing of eye movements. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nystagmus consists of two movements of the eyeball: a smooth, slower movement opposite of the direction of the rotation (called smooth pursuit), and then a sudden jerk of the eye back towards the direction of the rotation (called saccades). (caribbeanmedstudent.com)
  • Aberrant abilities to stabilize the eyes associated with pathological saccades, pursuits and vestibular eye movements may be evaluated at the bedside. (carrickinstitute.com)
  • Eye movement data were analyzed based on a 3rd-order linear horizontal saccadic eye movement model, where the inputs to the muscle were agonist and antagonist active-state tensions that were described by pulse-slide-step waveforms with a post inhibitory rebound burst (PIRB) based on a timeoptimal controller. (longdom.org)
  • Human saccade data was collected using a high speed eye tracking system, and analyzed with a program written in FORTRAN, which computed parameter estimates using system identification technique for a saccadic eye movement model. (uconn.edu)
  • Saccade amplitude, peak velocity, and duration were not different in the three conditions. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • There was also no difference in blink amplitude and duration of pupil occlusion in the blink condition, neither in saccades nor in smooth pursuit. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • In particular, the inactivation facilitated the amplitude decrease adaptation of ipsiversive saccades. (eneuro.org)
  • Consistent with previous studies, no effect was seen on the amplitude of the ipsiversive saccades when we did not induce adaptation. (eneuro.org)
  • Saccade amplitude transition function (ATF) and response latency indicated the saccade programming mechanism. (longdom.org)
  • We previously showed that macaque caudal intraparietal (CIP) area neurons possess robust 3D visual representations, carry choice- and saccade-related activity, and exhibit experience-dependent sensorimotor associations (Chang et al. (elifesciences.org)
  • Methods: Saccade dynamics, metrics, and visual fixation deficits were investigated in two Italian adult siblings with genetically confirmed ATLD. (unisi.it)
  • Adaptive shortening of a saccade influences the metrics of other saccades withina spatial window around the adapted target. (pisavisionlab.org)
  • In order to address this question we tested blinks elicited before the target onset of saccades and pursuit and compared the results to the gap effect: if a fixation light is extinguished for several hundred milliseconds, the reaction time (latency) for subsequent saccades or smooth pursuit eye movements is decreased. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • In one-third of the trials (smooth pursuit or saccades) the fixation light was extinguished for 200 ms before stimulus onset (gap condition), and in another third of the trials reflexive blinks were elicited by a short airpuff before the stimulus onset (blink condition). (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Rapid shifts of the point of visual fixation between equidistant targets require equal-sized saccades of each eye . (bvsalud.org)
  • Pathological vHIT findings (low vestibulo-ocular reflex gain and re-fixation saccade), which mainly affected the posterior SCC, were more common in the s-BPPV group than in the i-BPPV group (41.9 and 0%, respectively). (frontiersin.org)
  • VN, another typical variant of acute vestibular syndrome, shows mainly vestibular impairment in the horizontal and anterior SCC (as in superior VN). (frontiersin.org)
  • Error-based motor learning, such as learning to use a robotic arm or make accurate saccades, has been regarded as a cerebellar function. (eneuro.org)
  • Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess whether the frequency of saccades within vergence responses are correlated with vergence peak velocity. (njit.edu)
  • When the vergence peak velocity was slow, a greater number of saccades was observed. (njit.edu)
  • An increased prevalence of saccades was observed in vergence responses with reduced peak velocity, compared to responses with greater peak velocity. (njit.edu)
  • Prior research supports that saccades increase the peak velocity of vergence during combined vergence and saccadic tasks. (njit.edu)
  • For saccades made by control subjects between equidistant targets, the group mean ratio (±SD) of adducting/abducting peak velocity was 0.96 ± 0.07 and adducting/abducting peak acceleration was 0.94 ± 0.09. (bvsalud.org)
  • To further investigate whether the basal ganglia actually influence error-based learning, we reversibly inactivated the oculomotor portion of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) in two monkeys and tested saccade adaptation. (eneuro.org)
  • Thus, our data suggest that the oculomotor SNr assists saccade adaptation by strengthening the error signal. (eneuro.org)
  • Here, we address this question by showing that inactivation of the oculomotor basal ganglia influences the saccade motor learning, a well-established error-based motor learning model. (eneuro.org)
  • The frontal eye fields (FEFs) participate in both working memory and sensorimotor transformations for saccades, but their role in integrating these functions through time remains unclear. (eneuro.org)
  • Sensorimotor associations between 3D orientation and saccade direction preferences were stronger in CIP than V3A, and moderated by choice signals in both areas. (elifesciences.org)
  • If you were to spin in a chair and not focus on any one particular object, your eyes will experience a whole series of these smooth pursuits and saccades. (caribbeanmedstudent.com)
  • Your eyes will slow down the smooth pursuits and decrease the saccades, at least for the vestibulo-ocular nystagmus. (caribbeanmedstudent.com)
  • An understanding of gaze promotes the development of both saccades and pursuits that allow individuals to participate in their activities of daily life. (carrickinstitute.com)
  • Horizontal step-ramp smooth pursuit of 20 deg/s was elicited in one session, or 5 deg horizontal visually guided saccades in another experimental session. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Visually guided saccades were compared with those of 40 healthy subjects. (unisi.it)
  • The brainstem medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) plays a cardinal role in ensuring that horizontal saccades between equidistant targets are tightly yoked. (bvsalud.org)
  • These saccades may facilitate the response when the kinematics of the vergence component are modest as indicated by reduced velocities. (njit.edu)
  • On the other hand, the kinematics of corrective saccades, which represent error processing, were changed after the inactivation. (eneuro.org)
  • Wemeasured localization judgements by asking subjects to localize a probe flashedbefore saccade onset. (pisavisionlab.org)
  • Parameter estimations were calculated using the system identification technique for saccade parameters and neural inputs. (longdom.org)
  • Quantitative characterization of saccade parameters, saccadic intrusions (SI), and nystagmus was performed. (unisi.it)
  • A saccade detecting algorithm was utilized to compute the percentage of saccades present within all vergence responses. (njit.edu)
  • This may in part explain the increased presence of saccades within vergence responses with reduced peak velocities. (njit.edu)
  • In contrast, the latency of the saccades in the gap condition was decreased by 39 ms, but not in the blink condition. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The latency reduction of smooth pursuit, but not of saccades, may neither be explained by the brief pupil occlusion nor by visual suppression, warning signals, or the startle response. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The average vergence peak velocities were inversely correlated to the number of saccades observed within the transient portion defined as after the latency to 400. (njit.edu)
  • Together, the results explicate parallel representations, hierarchical transformations, and functional associations of visual and saccade-related signals at a key juncture in the 'where' pathway. (elifesciences.org)
  • In this work, saccades induced by visual, auditory and auditory-visual bisensory stimuli that provided in a horizontal plane were recorded and analyzed. (uconn.edu)
  • Horizontal and vertical spontaneous jerk nystagmus, gaze-evoked, and rebound nystagmus were evident. (unisi.it)
  • Because of this, you'll continue seeing nystagmus after I stop, except this time the smooth pursuit is towards the left and the saccade is toward the right (because of the perceived right rotation despite being stopped). (caribbeanmedstudent.com)
  • Stimulus direction and the three conditions were randomized for saccades and smooth pursuit separately. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • however, saccades occur during the vergence movement even though the stimulus should not stimulate a saccadic response. (njit.edu)
  • Traditionally, the caloric test evaluates the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function of the horizontal SCC using non-physiological stimulus within the frequency range of 0.002-0.004 Hz ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we tracked FEF spatial codes through time using a novel analytic method applied to the classic memory-delay saccade task. (eneuro.org)
  • However, learning to use a robotic arm and saccade adaptation, which use error-based learning, are facilitated by motivation, which is a function of the basal ganglia. (eneuro.org)
  • Additionally, patients with Parkinson's disease, a basal ganglia deficit, show slower saccade adaptation than age matched controls. (eneuro.org)
  • Here, we show that nigral inactivation affected saccade adaptation. (eneuro.org)
  • Therefore, the facilitated adaptation was not caused by inactivation directly modulating ipsiversive saccades. (eneuro.org)
  • and second, there is an established behavioral paradigm that causes an adaptation of saccade size by providing an apparent visual error ( McLaughlin, 1967 ). (eneuro.org)
  • Within this adaptation field visualstimuli presented before an adapted saccade are mislocalized in proportion to thechange of the saccade metric. (pisavisionlab.org)
  • We investigated the saccadic adaptation field andassociated localization changes for saccade lengthening, or outward adaptation. (pisavisionlab.org)
  • Wemeasured the adaptation field for two different saccade adaptations (14 deg to 20deg and 20 deg to 26 deg) by testing transfer to 34 different target positions. (pisavisionlab.org)
  • It increased with increases of the horizontal component of the saccade andremained largely constant with deviation of the vertical component of the saccade.Mislocalization of probes inside the adaptation field was correlated with the amountof adaptation of saccades to the probe location. (pisavisionlab.org)
  • We studied horizontal gaze shifts between equidistant targets and between far and near targets aligned on the visual axis of one eye (Müller test paradigm) in five cases of INO and five control subjects. (bvsalud.org)
  • As I rotate to my left, my smooth pursuit is towards the right and the saccade is toward the left. (caribbeanmedstudent.com)
  • These findings support the hypothesis that horizontal saccades are governed by disjunctive signals, preceded by an initial, high- acceleration conjugate transient and followed by a slower vergence component. (bvsalud.org)
  • The role of the medial longitudinal fasciculus in horizontal gaze: tests of current hypotheses for saccade-vergence interactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Medial and lateral rectus muscles have only horizontal actions. (medscape.com)
  • 2 described the horizontal and vertical trajectories of the human eye during the entire period of voluntary and reflexive blinks. (arvojournals.org)
  • When light sources are fixed on a vertical line, and the flashing pattern is changed quickly during a horizontal saccade, 2D images can be perceived due to spatio-temporal integration in the human vision system. (mit.edu)
  • Key structures involved in horizontal and vertical gaze allow the clinician to physiologically test specific areas of the integrated nervous system with direction towards clinical applications. (carrickinstitute.com)
  • Post saccade phenomena, which were caused by the post-inhibitory rebound burst of the antagonist motoneurons, were also explored. (uconn.edu)
  • The study described here expanded our previous work and further supported the muscle model as well as the theory of the time-optimal saccade controller under physiological constraints. (longdom.org)
  • Lesions of the MLF--internuclear ophthalmoparesis (INO)--cause horizontal saccades to become disjunctive adducting saccades are slow, small, or absent. (bvsalud.org)
  • By using this method, saccades can be detected and the light sources can be flashed within the saccade interval as it occurs in real time, and 2D images can be successfully presented. (mit.edu)
  • We tested whether the ratio of the saccadic component of the adducting/abducting eyes stayed constant or changed for the two types of saccades . (bvsalud.org)
  • Intriguingly, the time course of saccade-related activity in CIP aligned with the temporally integrated V3A output. (elifesciences.org)
  • When I suddenly stop spinning, my cupula suddenly shift its position in the horizontal semicircular canals to make me feel as if I were rotating towards my right. (caribbeanmedstudent.com)
  • The incidence of horizontal SCC involvement was also higher in the s-BPPV group (45.16 and 16.67%, respectively). (frontiersin.org)