AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Hookworm InfectionsNecator americanusAncylostomatoideaAncylostomiasisAncylostomaNecatoriasisAscariasisParasite Egg CountAscaris lumbricoidesAnthelminticsMebendazoleHelminthiasisNecatorAlbendazoleTrichuriasisIntestinal Diseases, ParasiticHelminthsOesophagostomiasisTrichurisAntibodies, HelminthAntigens, HelminthAntinematodal AgentsAspartic Acid ProteasesFecesParaguayOesophagostomumAnemiaPraziquantelNematode InfectionsSoilVaccinesHelminth ProteinsPregnancy Complications, HematologicMalaysiaHemoglobinsMesocricetusPrevalenceLarvaAgricultural Workers' Diseases
AscarisLarvaeNecatorTrichurisNematode infectionsParasitesSymptomsAscariasisCeylanicumHelminthsAncylostomiasisCaninumHelminth infectionsSpeciesWhipwormsParasiteAsymptomaticPrevalence of hookworm infectionAdultHelminthicLive in the small intestineDiagnosisPenetrate the skinRoundwormsSmall intestineOccurIntestineParasitic infectionRoundwormPrevalentAnemiaEndemicRhabditiform larvaSchistosomiasisWhipwormNematodesHeartwormFecalDiseaseChronicMalariaBurrowWidespreadInfestationLungsDiarrheaVaccine for hookwormDiseasesProteinImmuneEffects of hookwormChildrenZoonotic infectionEggs in humanStoolFilariform
Ascaris11
  • Hookworm, Ascaris , and whipworm are known as soil-transmitted helminths (parasitic worms). (cdc.gov)
  • These include Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm parasites. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • They are one of three major groups of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), the others being Ascaris and hookworms, that impede the socioeconomic development of entire populations. (nature.com)
  • Worm infections caused by soil-transmitted helminths like roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) pose an enormous health burden. (unibas.ch)
  • Hookworm is one of the big three soil-transmitted helminths ( Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura , and hookworm). (hindawi.com)
  • Ascaris infections are common throughout the world in both temperate and tropical areas. (medhelp.org)
  • High-intensity hookworm infections occur among both school-age children and adults, unlike the soil-transmitted helminths Ascaris and whipworm. (cdc.gov)
  • Ascaris infections were found in 1% of the white and 12% of the Negro household members, almost all of the infections being in the youngest age-groups and most from households in which not all members practiced sanitary waste disposal. (ajtmh.org)
  • The prevalence of helminthiases in southeastern Georgia continues to decline, but both hookworm and Ascaris infections will continue to be transmitted in the foreseeable future. (ajtmh.org)
  • Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura and the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, infect 1.5 billion people worldwide, accounting for 1.9 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and causing anemia, malnutrition, educational loss, and cognitive deficits ( WHO, 2022 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 3 Unlike infections with other STH ( Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura , hookworm, and S. fuelleborni ), S. stercoralis can result in chronic, lifelong infection without adequate treatment owing to its autoinfection cycle. (cdc.gov)
Larvae10
  • This infection is due to larvae from the A. braziliense hookworm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hookworm infection is acquired through skin exposure to larvae in soil contaminated by human feces. (medscape.com)
  • One kind of hookworm can also be transmitted through the ingestion of larvae. (cdc.gov)
  • HMFPC also has the advantage of being able to detect third stage larvae of hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis from culture and at this stage the species of hookworm can be identified [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Repeated or intense exposure to a multitude of infective stage larvae is required for infection to be established and disease to arise. (medscape.com)
  • In soil, hookworm eggs hatch and form larvae, which then burrow through the skin of a person's foot and crawl into the blood. (healthychildren.org)
  • Hookworm is a blood-feeding intestinal worm, and the mature larvae ingest the blood, rupture the erythrocytes, and degrade the hemoglobin by attaching to the gut wall, which results in iron deficiency anemia. (hindawi.com)
  • Infection occurs through oral ingestion of food or water contaminated by soil that contains embryonated eggs from human or pig feces that hatch in the small intestine within 4 days or direct ingestion of infected uncooked pig or chicken liver containing larvae. (medscape.com)
  • In the small trial run over a year, 12 participants were each experimentally infected with 20 Necator americanus (hookworm) larvae. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Hookworm larvae are notorious for burrowing into the soles of people's feet, as the New York Post mentioned. (hillspet.com)
Necator6
Trichuris2
  • Robertson L, Crompton D, Sanjur D, Nesheim M. Haemoglobin concentrations and concomitant infections of hookworm and Trichuris trichiura in Panamanian primary school children. (ac.ir)
  • No Trichuris infections were found in Negro households, and only 4 cases occurred in the white group, all apparently old infections. (ajtmh.org)
Nematode infections6
Parasites10
  • The incubation period can vary between a few weeks to many months, and is largely dependent on the number of hookworm parasites an individual is infected with. (wikipedia.org)
  • Approach to Parasitic Infections Human parasites are organisms that live on or in a person and derive nutrients from that person (its host). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/hookworm/biology.html]. (medscape.com)
  • A cross-sectional study was conducted among volunteers aged 15 and above to give one stool sample that was screened by wet mount for intestinal parasites and the modified Harada-Mori culture (mHMFPC) which is adapted from HMFPC, using local plastic bag containers instead of test tubes for hookworm detection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, we conducted a prevalence survey of hookworm and other intestinal parasites using the mHMFPC method and wet smear to inform the parasitic disease control program. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Parasites that can affect humans include ticks, lice, and hookworms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • One cause of intestinal obstruction by parasites is A. lumbricoides infection. (who.int)
  • Infections with Toxocara cati are most likely to be acquired by ingestion of eggs passed in the feces of infected animals and by eating prey such as mice that carry the parasites. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The hookworm is one of the most pervasive parasites, affecting over 600 million people worldwide. (zmescience.com)
  • This study aimed at determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites infections and associated factors among children in a rural primary school, Northwest Ethiopia. (bvsalud.org)
Symptoms20
  • No symptoms or signs are specific for hookworm infection, but they give rise to a combination of intestinal inflammation and progressive iron-deficiency anemia and protein deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contact your provider for an appointment if symptoms of hookworm infection develop. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Symptoms include rash at the site of larval entry and sometimes abdominal pain or other gastrointestinal symptoms during early infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The frequent absence of symptoms notwithstanding, hookworm disease substantially contributes to the incidence of anemia and malnutrition in developing nations. (medscape.com)
  • Most people infected with hookworms have no symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • Symptoms usually start within 2-5 days after infection and last about 1 week. (cdc.gov)
  • Symptoms of a parasite infection in humans can vary widely. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In this article, we detail the different types of parasitic infections in humans, their symptoms and treatments, and tips to prevent them. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Often there are no symptoms, or symptoms appear long after infection, but the parasite can still be transmitted to another person, who may develop symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The tests a doctor may order to diagnose a parasite infection depend on factors such as the person's symptoms, other medical conditions, and travel history. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • when unexplained, these symptoms should always prompt a search for occult roundworm infection. (medscape.com)
  • Most children with hookworm infections have no signs or symptoms. (healthychildren.org)
  • Infected people can experience symptoms like stomach pain, diarrhea and anemia, while heavy infections can lead to malnutrition, impaired growth and physical development. (unibas.ch)
  • Groundbreaking results were achieved in a clinical trial using hookworms to reduce the symptoms of celiac disease. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Although an individual may have no symptoms over a long period, there may be repeated episodes of infection. (medhelp.org)
  • Folklore is filled with fantastic descriptions of symptoms and abnormal behavior attributed to pinworm infection. (medhelp.org)
  • When medicine is given, all members of the household should take it, regardless of whether they show symptoms of infection. (medhelp.org)
  • I've read that symptoms from hookworm can include diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue and abdominal pain. (wuwm.com)
  • Generally, GI symptoms are first recognized within 24h to 48h of infection and blood is frequently absent in the early stages of diarrhea. (vin.com)
  • The infection of 0.05 and beta level of 0.2), the sample may be asymptomatic or present with a vaw size needed was calculated to be 120 docuw riety of symptoms such as diarrhoea, weight mented cases of the disease. (who.int)
Ascariasis5
  • According to a 2005 report by the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 0.807-1.221 billion humans have ascariasis, 604-795 million have trichuriasis, and 576-740 million have hookworm infections worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • Ascariasis is the most common helminthic infection, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 804 million cases in 2013. (medscape.com)
  • NT005 trade name] can also be used, alone or in combination with other medicines, for the control of soil- transmitted helminthiasis (ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections) through mass drug administration programmes. (who.int)
  • For the elimination of lymphatic filariasis and the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (ascariasis, trichuriasis, or hookworm disease), [NT005 trade name] is taken once or twice a year as needed (see WHO guidelines). (who.int)
  • Although ascariasis cases are usually asymptomatic, infection leads to malnutrition in children and causes about 3000-60 000 deaths every year, usually as a result of intestinal obstruction [5-7]. (who.int)
Ceylanicum10
  • Ancylostoma ceylanicum , a hookworm of canids the basis of parasitologic surveys of fecal samples, hook- and felids in Asia, is becoming the second most common worms are estimated to infect 576-740 million persons hookworm infecting humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent molecular-based epidemio- hookworm infections in humans and dogs in a rural Cam- logic surveys have shown Ancylostoma ceylanicum to be bodian village. (cdc.gov)
  • of those, 52% harbored A. ceylanicum hookworms. (cdc.gov)
  • Over 90% of dogs also of persons positive for hookworm eggs were infected with harbored A. ceylanicum hookworms. (cdc.gov)
  • 19-73 million A. ceylanicum hookworm-infected persons anicum hookworms into 2 groups, 1 containing isolates from in regions where this zoonotic helminth is known to be humans only and the other a mix of isolates from humans endemic ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We hypothesize that preventative chemo- hookworm transmission to humans, and the prevalence of therapy in the absence of concurrent hygiene and animal A. ceylanicum hookworms in these animals ranges from health programs may be a factor leading to emergence of A. 24% to 92% in the Asia-Pacific region ( 6 , 8 - 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • thus, we advocate for a One Health anthroponotic helminths, A. ceylanicum hookworms have approach to control this zoonosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Some strains of A. ceylanicum , a hookworm of dogs, cats, and hamsters, also mature to adulthood in the human intestine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Infections with A. ceylanicum have been reported in residents of parts of Asia and some South Pacific islands. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Yan Hu from the University of California, San Diego, infected 12 hamsters with the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum , which can infect people. (newscientist.com)
Helminths3
  • The sensitivity for detecting hookworm and other helminths is generally higher using the Harada-Mori filter paper culture (HMFPC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whipworms are common soil-transmitted helminths that cause debilitating chronic infections in man. (nature.com)
  • The aim is to control infections with parasitic worms that are transmitted through the soil, so-called helminths. (unibas.ch)
Ancylostomiasis2
  • Hookworm infections in humans include ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the Analysis the Result shows that out of 100 samples collected from Root Primary Schools 6(6%) were positive and AOCAY staff schools 18(18%) were also positive on the incidence of Ancylostomiasis (Hookworm) infection. (org.ng)
Caninum5
  • Ancylostoma braziliense and Ancylostoma caninum are hookworms that have cats and dogs as the primary hosts. (msdmanuals.com)
  • ProHeart 12 is indicated for the treatment of existing larval and adult hookworm ( Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala ) infections. (nih.gov)
  • Re-infection with A. caninum and U. stenocephala may occur sooner than 12 months. (nih.gov)
  • There are several species of hookworms in dogs, including Ancylostoma caninum , Uncinaria stenocephala and Ancylostoma braziliense, to name the more common species found in the intestines of our beloved pups. (hillspet.com)
  • The main differential diagnosis for hemorrhagic enteritis in a puppy is hookworm ( Ancylostoma caninum ) infection. (vin.com)
Helminth infections3
  • Soil-transmitted helminth infections are caused by different species of parasitic worms, including whipworms, hookworms and roundworms. (unibas.ch)
  • Soil-transmitted helminth infections cause a great and frequently silent burden of morbidity and mortality on poor populations in developing countries that accounts for approximately 85% of the NTD burden [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Using a stratified sampling technique, a household survey was conducted in 27 counties of southeastern Georgia in which 492 households (409 white and 83 Negro) were interviewed and 749 individuals (550 white and 199 Negro) were examined for intestinal helminth infections. (ajtmh.org)
Species4
  • The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence, Prelabeled stool containers were distributed to the 218 associated risk factors, and infection dynamics of hook- study participants for collection of feces on the second worm species infection in humans and dogs living in a rural morning of the study. (cdc.gov)
  • The hookworm species that reach maturity in the human intestine have similar life cycles. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fekadu D, Petros B, Kebede A. Hookworm species distribution among school children in Asendabo Town, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. (ac.ir)
  • Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and other related Strongyloides species. (cdc.gov)
Whipworms1
  • It also controls three dangerous intestinal worms (i.e., adult roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms). (petcarerx.com)
Parasite8
  • Hookworm infection is an infection by a type of intestinal parasite known as a hookworm. (wikipedia.org)
  • The treatment for parasite infections depends on the particular type of parasite. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Together, these genomes and associated functional data elucidate key aspects of the molecular host-parasite interactions that define chronic whipworm infection. (nature.com)
  • Humans do not appear to develop significant protective immunity to intestinal nematodes, although the mechanisms of parasite immune evasion and host immune responses to these infections have not been elucidated in detail. (medscape.com)
  • Misdiagnosis of hookworm is unfortunate because a misdiagnosed patient may be given a treatment that is ineffective against the parasite, and therefore, it would not alleviate the patient's suffering or stop the progressive wasting of health [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Direct stool microscopy is solely used in all health care service providers in Ethiopia for intestinal parasite detection including hookworm infection. (hindawi.com)
  • Many dog parents are shocked when their veterinarian finds hookworms during routine fecal exams, but this isn't uncommon as many dogs infected with the parasite don't exhibit clinical signs. (hillspet.com)
  • It's also possible for a dog to spread hookworms to you by licking or kissing you on the mouth when they have the parasite in their mouth. (hillspet.com)
Asymptomatic5
  • Such intestinal infection may be asymptomatic or cause acute abdominal pain and eosinophilia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hookworm infection is often asymptomatic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hence, clinical disease, as opposed to asymptomatic infection, generally develops only with prolonged residence in an endemic region. (medscape.com)
  • Usually A lumbricoides or A suum infection is asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • Some physicians believe that no treatment is necessary for pinworm infections that are asymptomatic, since children usually outgrow the infection as they grow older. (medhelp.org)
Prevalence of hookworm infection2
Adult8
  • The adult hookworms attach to the small intestine where they feed on blood and can cause iron-deficient anemia in individuals of all ages [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adult hookworms live in the bowel and lay eggs that pass out of the child with the stool. (healthychildren.org)
  • The most serious effects of hookworm infection are the development of anemia and protein deficiency caused by blood loss at the site of the intestinal attachment of the adult worms. (cdc.gov)
  • Adult hookworms, from a dog. (wuwm.com)
  • Adult cats generally have some resistance to infection. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • It treats adult intestinal roundworms and intestinal hookworms and controls flea infestations. (adlandpro.com)
  • With a hook-shaped mouth giving them their name, hookworms are highly contagious intestinal blood-sucking worms that adult dogs and puppies frequently get. (hillspet.com)
  • Lucky for us, the adult form of the hookworm doesn't infect humans and will die within a few weeks when inside of us. (hillspet.com)
Helminthic3
  • Direct wet mount of stool has a low sensitivity for detecting light helminthic infections [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intestinal roundworm infections constitute the largest group of helminthic diseases in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Enterobiasis: This is the most common of all helminthic infections, with an estimated 42 million cases. (medscape.com)
Live in the small intestine1
  • Hookworms live in the small intestine. (cdc.gov)
Diagnosis4
  • Inappropriate diagnosis could intimidate the prevention and control of hookworm infection. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the performance of hookworm diagnosis methods. (hindawi.com)
  • The prevention and control of hookworm infection involve many approaches like sanitary disposal of feces, early diagnosis, and chemotherapy and health education [ 7 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Diagnosis of pinworm infection is made by detecting characteristic eggs. (medhelp.org)
Penetrate the skin1
  • It's the larval form of the hookworm that's able to penetrate the skin of its unsuspecting host. (hillspet.com)
Roundworms4
  • Hookworm infection is caused by roundworms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition, high efficacy was also observed against roundworms and hookworms. (unibas.ch)
  • It is also effective against roundworms, hookworms, and heartworms. (adlandpro.com)
  • It prevents infection from heartworm disease, hookworms, and roundworms. (adlandpro.com)
Small intestine1
  • The hookworm is a parasitic nematode (roundworm) that lives in the small intestine of its host, which may be a mammal such as a dog, cat, or (often times) a human. (zmescience.com)
Occur5
  • Initially, itching and a rash may occur at the site of infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heavy infections can occur in both children and adults, but are less common in adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2012, we investigated the globally, and over half of the infections occur in Asia and prevalence and infection dynamics of and risk factors for the Pacific regions ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Several weeks after exposure to this hookworm, a loss of appetite and weight loss may occur. (healthychildren.org)
  • Exposure to infective eggs may occur when the person harboring the infection scratches the contaminated area (the area around the anus where the female worm deposits her eggs) and then transfers the eggs to the fingertips and from there to the mouth. (medhelp.org)
Intestine2
  • Ranjit N, Zhan B, Hamilton B, Stenzel D, Lowther J, Pearson M. Proteolytic Degradation of Hemoglobin in the Intestine of the Human Hookworm. (ac.ir)
  • Highly magnified histologic section showing hookworm ( Ancylostoma sp) attached to the intestine. (cdc.gov)
Parasitic infection4
  • Hookworm was a previously dominant parasitic infection in Southern Thailand. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A healthcare professional may perform a blood test to detect a specific parasitic infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Intestinal parasitic infection has been found to have a great effect on nutritional and cognitive status, school absenteeism and dropouts among school age children. (bvsalud.org)
  • A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and data on factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection through face-to-face interview. (bvsalud.org)
Roundworm6
  • As with other parasitic diseases, roundworm infections are more common in warm climates than in cooler, temperate areas of the world. (medhelp.org)
  • In the United States, it is the most common of all parasitic roundworm infections, affecting up to 32 percent of the country's children. (medhelp.org)
  • The study of Tsimane women in Bolivia examined two types of worm found in their bodies - hookworm and roundworm. (huffingtonpost.co.uk)
  • Several drugs are effective for treatment of roundworm infections in cats. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Certain preventive programs for heartworm infection also control intestinal roundworm infections. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Nexgard Plus for Medium Dogs 17.1-33LBS [Yellow] prevents heartworm disease and controls hookworm and roundworm infections. (adlandpro.com)
Prevalent3
  • Because pinworm infection is spread mainly by children, this infection is most prevalent in family groups, day care centers, schools, and camps. (medhelp.org)
  • Hookworm infections were almost twice as prevalent in males as in females of both racial groups. (ajtmh.org)
  • Hookworm infections were more prevalent in individuals who went barefoot and who had experienced ground-itch within the previous year, although infections were found in persons who consistently wore shoes and had never had ground-itch. (ajtmh.org)
Anemia8
  • Signs of advanced severe infection are those of anemia and protein deficiency, including emaciation, cardiac failure, and abdominal distension with ascites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hookworms are a major cause of iron deficiency anemia in endemic regions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The most serious effects of hookworm infection are blood loss leading to anemia, in addition to protein loss. (cdc.gov)
  • However, especially when the infection is long term, it can cause iron deficiency and anemia (low red blood cells) because of bleeding from the bowel wall where the worm is attached. (healthychildren.org)
  • With poor sanitation, repeated infections result in blood loss that can cause severe anemia. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Hookworm disease is the leading cause of anemia and protein deficits in developing nations, affecting an estimated 740 million people, mainly in the tropics of Africa (especially in sub-Saharan Africa), India and the Indian subcontinent, South America and Southeast Asia. (wuwm.com)
  • Over time, [the blood-feeding hookworms in your intestines] lead to a loss of iron, which leads to anemia. (wuwm.com)
  • Pale gums are a result of anemia that can develop as the hookworms ingest blood in the intestines. (hillspet.com)
Endemic4
  • Hookworm remains endemic on islands of the Caribbean and in Central and South America. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is endemic in the Middle East and South America especially in under-developed countries where poor sanitation, the most important risk factor for infection [2], is common [3]. (who.int)
  • Developing lasting solutions for hookworm and other NTDs trapping people in poverty requires comprehensive collaboration, cutting-edge science and leadership among health and policy leaders in endemic countries," Peter Hotez, president of Sabin, has said. (zmescience.com)
  • Strongyloidiasis in humans is mainly caused by Strongyloides stercoralis ( S. stercoralis), which is endemic to parts of the United States (U.S.). 1,2 Human infection with S. fuelleborni is rarer and has been reported from sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, and S. fuelleborni subsp. (cdc.gov)
Rhabditiform larva2
Schistosomiasis2
  • Pearson M, Pickering D, Tribolet L, Cooper L, Mulvenna J, Oliveira L. Neutralizing Antibodies to the Hookworm Hemoglobinase Na-APR-1: Implications for a Multivalent Vaccine against Hookworm Infection and Schistosomiasis. (ac.ir)
  • Hotez P, Bethony J, Diemert D, Pearson M, Loukas A. Developing vaccines to combat hookworm infection and intestinal schistosomiasis. (ac.ir)
Whipworm1
  • Gene expression data from mice with low-dose whipworm infection provide a detailed description of a regulated T H 1-like immune response to the infected cecum that is not limited to the immediate site of infection. (nature.com)
Nematodes2
  • Victoria, Australia (R.J. Traub) fully used to establish intraspecies genetic differences of DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2006.131770 many strongylid nematodes, including hookworms ( 18 - 21 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Unlike with protozoan infections, a casual or a low degree of exposure to infective stages of parasitic nematodes usually does not result in patent infection or pathologic findings. (medscape.com)
Heartworm1
  • Heartworm preventative medication will prevent a dog from getting a hookworm infection, and depending on the product, it may or may not help with an existing infection. (hillspet.com)
Fecal1
  • Because hookworms don't always cause signs of physical illness, your dog should have fecal exams twice a year. (hillspet.com)
Disease10
  • Hookworm infection is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis and classified as a neglected tropical disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hookworm disease is common in the moist tropics and subtropics. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In developing nations, the disease leads to the death of many children by weakening their immune system and increasing their risk for infections that their bodies would normally fight off. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The important factor in getting the disease is walking barefoot on ground where there are feces of people who are infected with hookworm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hookworm is a neglected tropical disease (NTDs) that has a global distribution [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm disease): This is a rare infection that has been reported in Hawaii and Louisiana. (medscape.com)
  • Despite the existence of control programs, the hookworm disease burden remains high. (hindawi.com)
  • We and others have had promising results in earlier trials but this is clear proof-of-principle of the benefits of hookworm in treating inflammatory disease," Professor Loukas said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To learn more about hookworm, we chatted with Dr. David Diemert , an infectious disease expert at George Washington University. (wuwm.com)
  • Hookworm is considered a neglected tropical disease. (wuwm.com)
Chronic1
Malaria1
  • Protozoa include Plasmodium malariae , which causes malaria infection, and Cryptosporidium , which is ingestible. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Burrow2
  • Does it hurt when the hookworms burrow into you? (wuwm.com)
  • Sometimes, you may notice your dog itching, or you might see a rash on their paws because hookworms cause discomfort when they burrow into the skin. (hillspet.com)
Widespread3
  • Hookworm was once widespread in the United States, particularly in the southeastern region, but improvements in living conditions have greatly reduced hookworm infections. (cdc.gov)
  • If widespread drug resistance is developed, we have nothing else to treat hookworm. (wuwm.com)
  • The stereotype of the 'lazy Southerner' may have been caused by widespread hookworm infections in the American South. (kcts9.org)
Infestation1
  • Hookworm infestation can be devastating in poorer tropical countries, where Professor Loukas and Dr Giacomin are working on a vaccine to help the 740 million who are infected. (sciencedaily.com)
Lungs1
  • Kronenberg points out that the epithelial cell-ADM-ILC2 connection protected mice from hookworm infections, which damage the lungs and gut. (eurekalert.org)
Diarrhea1
  • Dogs and puppies infected with Campylobacter might show no signs of infection or they can have diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
Vaccine for hookworm2
  • George Washington University is part of a group that's working on a vaccine for hookworm. (wuwm.com)
  • A permanent vaccine for hookworm has passed clinical trials. (zmescience.com)
Diseases2
  • Hookworm diseases are most common in tropical and subtropical climates. (healthychildren.org)
  • Certain diseases, including hookworms, are considered " zoonotic " because they can spread from animals to people. (hillspet.com)
Protein3
  • Five days later, the guts of hamsters exposed to the protein were hookworm-free whereas the others were still infected. (newscientist.com)
  • The vaccine itself, as most vaccines, is made with some ingredients from the culprit themselves - namely a protein from the hookworm. (zmescience.com)
  • When your body is exposed to the protein, it starts to generate antibodies, without having to actually fight the infection. (zmescience.com)
Immune5
  • Anyone can get a Campylobacter infection, but children younger than 5 years old, adults 65 and older, and people with weakened immune systems are more at risk for serious illness. (cdc.gov)
  • In gut biopsies collected before, during and at the end of the trial, we identified specific cells of the immune system, known as T cells, that we suspected were targeted by hookworm proteins," Dr Giacomin said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The challenge is to find a balance between dampening the harmful immune response without leaving the body vulnerable to infections. (eurekalert.org)
  • These opposing effects are likely due to helminth (worm) infection affecting the immune system, which in turn affects the likelihood of conception," said Blackwell. (huffingtonpost.co.uk)
  • Patients at higher risk for serious illness with zoonotic infections include children under 5 years old, people with weakened immune systems, adults 65 and older, and, in many cases, pregnant women. (cdc.gov)
Effects of hookworm1
  • The most damaging effects of hookworm infections include impaired physical, intellectual, and cognitive development of children, increased mortality in pregnant women and their infants, and reduced work capacity of adolescents and adults [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Children10
  • [ 4 ] Hookworms may persist for many years in the host and impair the physical and intellectual development of children and the economic development of communities. (medscape.com)
  • In sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 200 million people have been infected with hookworm, 90 million of them were children. (ac.ir)
  • Hookworm infection significantly decreases the school performance of children. (ac.ir)
  • Ngui R, Lim Y, Chong L, Sek C, Jaffar S. Association between Anaemia, Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Neglected Parasitic Infections and Socioeconomic Factors in Rural Children of West Malaysia. (ac.ir)
  • Only limited data are available on the use of [NT005 trade name] in children for cestode infections. (who.int)
  • A. lumbricoides infection occurs in all age groups but more commonly in preschool children [4]. (who.int)
  • Researchers said women infected by hookworm have, on average, three fewer children than uninfected women. (huffingtonpost.co.uk)
  • She continues: "In order for the study to provide meaningful results it would need to follow 986 women who have the infection and compare them with 986 who have not, specifically asking the question 'do they have more children? (huffingtonpost.co.uk)
  • In susceptible children hookworms cause intellectual, cognitive and growth retardation, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, and low birth weight among newborns born to infected mothers. (zmescience.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitoses are among the most commonly encountered infections among school children in poor regions of the world. (bvsalud.org)
Zoonotic infection1
  • Healthcare providers should also always consider the potential for a zoonotic infection when seeing sick patients. (cdc.gov)
Eggs in human1
  • The life cycle of hookworms begins with the passing of hookworm eggs in human feces and their deposition into the soil. (medscape.com)
Stool3
  • A stool sample from your child will be tested in the laboratory to look for evidence of hookworm eggs. (healthychildren.org)
  • Hookworm is spread when an infected individual defecates outside, leaving behind stool that's contaminated with hookworm eggs. (wuwm.com)
  • Diagnosing hookworms in dogs is usually straightforward, involving taking a stool sample and examining a microscopic slide for the presence of hookworm eggs. (hillspet.com)
Filariform2