• These results provide a mechanism by which Drosophila Bcl-2 family proteins can control apoptosis and shed light on a link between Rbf1 and mitochondrial dynamics, in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
  • Eileen White is a cancer biologist known for her work establishing that a DNA tumor virus oncogene functions by inhibiting programmed cell death by apoptosis and is a homologue of the human BCL-2 oncogene. (nasonline.org)
  • By studying how an oncogene encoded by the DNA tumor virus adenovirus promotes oncogenesis they established that it encoded a viral homologue of the human BCL-2 oncoprotein that blocked apoptosis by binding and inhibiting pro-apoptotic BCL-2 protein family members. (nasonline.org)
  • In this Commentary, we discuss the implications of these findings for the regulation of apoptosis by Bcl-2 family proteins. (biologists.com)
  • NF-kappaB induces expression of the Bcl-2 homologue A1/Bfl-1 to preferentially suppress chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. (musc.edu)
  • Apoptosis regulator bcl-w is essential for spermatogenesis but appears otherwise redundant. (deathbase.org)
  • Proteins of the Bcl-2 family are important regulators of apoptosis in many tissues of the embryo and adult. (deathbase.org)
  • These findings suggest that bcl-w participates in the control of apoptosis in multiple cell types. (deathbase.org)
  • EBV and EBV Lat I BLs usually do not express high levels of BCL-2, BCL-XL, or MCL-1, all of which are recognized to counter BIK-induced apoptosis (82, 86, 87). (icbinhibitor.com)
  • Bcl2/adenovirus EIB 19kD-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a cell death factor that is a member of the Bcl-2 proapoptotic family recently shown to induce necrosis rather than apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A recent study provides the first direct, biophysical measurement of a potentially apoptosis-specific mitochondrial channel, which is regulated by Bcl-2 family members and may play a primary role in the release of the proapoptotic factors. (rupress.org)
  • in contrast, beauvericin, a K + ionophore, caused apoptosis in both cell lines, despite their expression of Bcl-2. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our data suggest that beauvericin-induced apoptosis occurs by a Ca 2+ -dependent CPP-32 protease-sensitive pathway despite cholangiocyte expression of Bcl-2. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Following completion of the Drosophila genome sequence, we carried out comprehensive BLAST searches to annotate it with respect to apoptosis, and found sequence homologues of virtually all mammalian cell death genes with the exception of death receptors. (caltech.edu)
  • In order to investigate in detail how the avian homologue ITA interfered with both TNF induced apoptosis and the NGF mediated differentiation in PC12 cells, a two hybrid screen was performed with a PC12 library using ITA as a bait. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Thus NRAGE was identified during this research doctorate as a novel pro-apoptotic, IAP-interacting protein, able to accelerate apoptosis in a pathway independent of Bcl-2 cell protection. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Anti-apoptotic strategies include inhibition of caspase, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), and Bcl-2 proteins as well as induction of the PKB/Akt pathway and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibition of zHDR, zOTR, the adaptor zFADD, or caspase-8-like proteases blocked ligand-induced apoptosis, as did antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members. (deathbase.org)
  • It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • and the intrinsic pathway, which is activated by cellular stress and is regulated primarily at the level of mitochondria by the Bcl-2 family of proteins ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated in response to a variety of stress signals ( Willis and Adams, 2005 ), and a complex interplay of Bcl-2 proteins relays this signal to the mitochondrial outer membrane (OM) to initiate Bak and Bax activation, oligomerisation and OM damage ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • Mutagenesis analysis has shown that the GTP-binding domain of FIP-1 is indispensable for its interaction with E3-14.7K. FIP-1 is very similar to two proteins: (1) an S. cerevisiae GTP-binding protein that presumably has a role in phosphate transport and (2) a C. elegans protein of unknown function. (yu.edu)
  • FIP-2 and FIP-3 are similar proteins containing leucine-zipper domains. (yu.edu)
  • We used cell lines as an in vitro model of HER2-overexpressing cells in order to evaluate how anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, and pro-apoptotic Puma and Bim impact on their survival, and to investigate how the constitutive expression of these proteins is regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, since proteins with similar activities are present in mammals and since their mechanisms are likely to be conserved even if true sequence homologues are not identified, understanding how Rpr, Hid, and Grim act to bring about death is an important area of research. (caltech.edu)
  • The proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have been proposed to participate in the formation of a channel that releases these apoptogenic factors when mitochondria receive apoptotic signals. (rupress.org)
  • These data, combined with the inability of dBruce to block death induced by the apical caspase Dronc or the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Debcl/Drob-1/dBorg-1/Dbok, suggest that dBruce regulates cell death at a novel point. (caltech.edu)
  • Mitochondria are commonly between 0.75 and 3 μm 2 in cross section, [9] but vary considerably in size and structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Buffy often acts opposite to Debcl , the other Drosophila Bcl-2-family protein. (sdbonline.org)
  • Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • We identified a novel hypomorphic allele of PI3K's direct antagonist, Phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10 (Pten), in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Alfy, the human homologue of Drosophila blue cheese, is involved in the selective disposal of ubiquitinated protein aggregates. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • Alfy-mediated aggrephagy makes use of p62/SQSTM1, the human homologue of Drosophila Ref(2)P. Alfy, with each other withBioMed Research International target a variety of OMM substrates for example Mfn: ubiquitinating them and targeting them for proteasomal degradation [257]. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • The only Drosophila cell death genes for which mammalian homologues have not been identified are the cell death activators Rpr, Hid, and Grim. (caltech.edu)
  • However, in certain cell types, the extrinsic pathway also induces mitochondrial damage by cleaving the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid to its activated truncated form (tBid), which leads to Bak and Bax activation. (biologists.com)
  • Using cDNA arrays and serial analysis of gene expression, we found that hypoxia induces up-regulation of BNIP3 and its homologue, Nip3-like protein X. Analysis of human carcinoma cell lines showed that they are hypoxically regulated in many tumor types, as well as in endothelial cells and macrophages. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2 In addition, hypoxia induces genetic instability by the induction of fragile sites causing gene amplification. (bmj.com)
  • The prototypic mammalian regulator of cell death is bcl-2, the oncogene implicated in the development of human follicular lymphoma. (deathbase.org)
  • The mammalian immune system utilizes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from invading pathogens and activate the host innate immune response [1,2]. (gw786034inhibitor.com)
  • Activity profiling and crystal structures of inhibitor-bound SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease: A framework for anti-COVID-19 drug design. (salvesenlab.org)
  • Bcl-2 Inhibitor custom synthesis abnormal central nervous system morphology and size have been also documented in bchs mutants [243]. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • This viral Bcl-2 homologue has been shown to bind BAK as well as a subset of BH3-only activators, but not BH3-only sensitizers, such as BIK (82, 83). (icbinhibitor.com)
  • The dysfunction of this pathway has been linked to several age-related human diseases including cancer, Type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
  • To further evaluate the effects of the overexpression of the Bcl-2 homologue Buffy , this study analysed lifespan and climbing ability in both parkin -RNAi- and Pink1 -RNAi-expressing flies. (sdbonline.org)
  • We show that the phenotype is partially rescued by muscle-specific expression of the Bcl-2 homologue Buffy, which in flies, maintains mitochondrial integrity, modulates energy homeostasis and suppresses cell death. (ox.ac.uk)
  • [ 2 ] No sex preponderance is seen for follicular lymphomas, but the incidence increases with age and varies across racial groups. (medscape.com)
  • By Northern blot analysis, cholangiocytes expressed the mRNA for three members of the ICE protease family: ICE, ICE/CED-3 homologue-1 (ICH-1), and cysteine protease P-32 (CPP- 32). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Its functional similarity to bcl-2 also makes it an attractive candidate proto-oncogene. (deathbase.org)
  • The current development of anti-cancer agents that target the Bcl-2 protein family is showing considerable promise, although how this targeting triggers Bak and Bax to perform their crucial function of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) is not clear. (biologists.com)
  • Caspase-mediated calcineurin activation contributes to IL-2 release during T cell activation. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • However, Rigamonti et al 6 recently showed that wild type huntingtin can protect CNS cells from a variety of apoptotic stimuli, including serum withdrawal, stimulation of death receptors, and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologues. (bmj.com)
  • Regulation of osteoblast development by Bcl-2-associated athanogene-1 (BAG-1). (nih.gov)
  • however, the pore complexes that are formed by Bak and Bax remain poorly defined in terms of their composition, size, number and structure, as well as the mechanism by which they are regulated by other Bcl-2 family members. (biologists.com)
  • The BH3:groove interaction within Bak homodimers supports a general model to explain the associations between Bcl-2 family members. (biologists.com)
  • To address this, we investigated what role anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, key regulators of cancer cell survival, might play in the viability of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human Rad 9 ( hRad9 ) was originally identified as a structural homologue of yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe rad 9 , which can partially rescue the sensitivity of rad 9 null yeast to hydroxyurea, radiation damage and the associated checkpoint defects [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bcl-w-/- mouse provides a unique model of failed spermatogenesis in the adult that may be relevant to some cases of human male sterility. (deathbase.org)
  • Interestingly, NRAGE was able to overcome the protection afforded to 32D cells by the exogenous expression of human Bcl-2. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • [ 2 ] Literature since the rituximab era has shown a further increase in overall survival. (medscape.com)
  • The recently isolated bcl-w gene encodes a pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 family, which is widely expressed. (deathbase.org)
  • bcl-w, a novel member of the bcl-2 family, promotes cell survival. (deathbase.org)
  • Thus, like Bcl-2 and Bcl-x, the Bcl-w protein promotes cell survival, in contrast to other close homologues, Bax and Bak, which facilitate cell death. (deathbase.org)
  • Comparison of the expected amino acid sequence of Bcl-w with that of these relatives helps to delineate residues likely to convey survival or anti-survival function. (deathbase.org)
  • Additionally, the five-year survival rate is less than 40%, especially for patients with advanced cancer [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Inhibition of Ced-3/ICE-related Acacetin IC50 proteases does not prevent cell death induced by oncogenes, DNA damage, or the Bcl-2 homologue Bak. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Further, cdk2 inhibition led to decreased Mcl-1 mRNA levels, which was proceeded by reduced phosphorylation of serine 2 on the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
  • 2 The polyglutamine expansion mutation causes disease by conferring a novel deleterious function on the mutant protein and the severity correlates with increasing CAG repeat number and expression levels in transgenic mice and in cell culture models. (bmj.com)
  • Enforced expression of bcl-w rendered lymphoid and myeloid cells refractory to several (but not all) cytotoxic conditions. (deathbase.org)
  • While expression of bcl-w was uncommon in B or T lymphoid cell lines, the mRNA was observed in almost all murine myeloid cell lines analysed and in a wide range of tissues. (deathbase.org)
  • In this study, we report the cell-autonomous antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities exhibited by the spider peptide gomesin (AgGom) and gomesin-like homologue (HiGom) in DFTD cells. (nature.com)
  • ORR was 42.4 in buy peptide cohort one vs 52.2 in cohort 2. (srcsignaling.com)
  • To explore its physiological role, we have inactivated the bcl-w gene in the mouse by homologous recombination. (deathbase.org)
  • We report disabled-2 (DAB2) as a novel protein regulated by 1000 kDa HA and further investigated its role in ovarian cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • A hallmark of many of these diseases, including HD, spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) types 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7, is the development of intracellular protein aggregates (inclusions) in the vulnerable neurones. (bmj.com)
  • Androgens are necessary for normal prostate cell growth (1) , and in animal models, androgen ablation causes cell atrophy and death of prostate epithelial cells (2) . (aacrjournals.org)
  • Here, we investigated the effects of 27 kDa, 183 kDa and 1000 kDa HA on ES-2 ovarian cancer cells overexpressing the stem cell associated protein, Notch3. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1000 kDA HA promoted spheroid formation in ES-2 cells mixed with ES-2 overexpressing Notch3 (1:3). (bvsalud.org)
  • it is the only member of the family Asfaviridae , although it shares similarities with other virus families in the superfamily of nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses ( 2 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • HD is a member of a family of neurodegenerative diseases caused by CAG/polyglutamine expansions, which include spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) types 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7, and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. (bmj.com)
  • Using a PCR-based strategy we cloned a novel member of this gene family, denoted bcl-w. (deathbase.org)
  • The most dangerous complication of echinococcosis is cyst perforation, leading to death from septic shock or embolic complications [ 2 , 47 , 57 ]. (parasite-journal.org)
  • The primary objectives of this study are: - To determine the proportion of children with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related death, rehospitalization or major complications after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), and - To determine immunologic mechanisms and immune signatures associated with disease spectrum and subsequent clinical course during the year of follow-up. (stanford.edu)