GenomeProtein sequencesGenomicGenesSimilarityHighly homologousMutationsOrthologousNHEJNucleotide sequencesMolecularEvolutionaryRecombination eventsVectorRad52ChromosomalAnalysesBacteriaProteins sequencesSimilaritiesPhylogeneticReliablyFunctionalGene fusionDSBsStrandAmplifyAlignmentsFragmentBillionsCRISPRDetectionCalled conservedIndelsComparativeStructuresVariantsFrequencyMutationSCAROccursTheoreticalApproachesCloneAlignmentClassificationObservationNucleotidesMethodsUpstreamDataDonorDomainSingle geneSpeciesStructure
Genome21
- Pan-genome approaches afford the discovery of homology relations in a set of genomes, by determining how some gene families are distributed among a given set of genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
- A challenge on this field is that of designing fast and adaptive similarity measures in order to find a suitable pan-genome structure of homology relations. (biomedcentral.com)
- Homologous genes can be distinguished into paralogous, when homology occurs within the same genome, or orthologous, when homology occurs between different genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
- We call pan-genome content discovery the determination of homologous groups within a collection of genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Paralogy is linked to sequence duplication within the same genome. (biomedcentral.com)
- This was something that had not been seen before, which shows the advantage of editing a gene's regulatory sequence at its normal location within the genome. (elifesciences.org)
- As we recently reported, analysis of 77 FHWT by whole genome sequencing (WGS, 58 patients) or whole exomic sequencing (WES,19 patients) identified 825 high-quality somatic, non-synonymous variants, with an average of 11 candidate mutations/case (range 2-42) (ref. 6 ). (nature.com)
- To gain deeper insight into the biological and pharmacological mechanisms, we sequenced the genome of H. sinensis . (springeropen.com)
- 10,200 protein-encoding genes were predicted based on the genome sequence. (springeropen.com)
- The genes and proteins were predicted and annotated based on the genome sequence. (springeropen.com)
- In order to clarify the biological and pharmacological mechanisms of O. sinensis , we carried out the genome sequencing of H. sinensis, anamorph of O. sinensis , for the first time, described the annotation and gene expression, and analyzed the complete sequencing data (Li et al. (springeropen.com)
- And it could help researchers boost the efficiency with which cells insert new DNA into the genome -- to replace a harmful mutation with the correct DNA sequence, for example -- and generally tweak CRISPR-Cas9 editing to get the desired outcome. (sciencedaily.com)
- CRISPR-Cas9 is revolutionary because of the precision with which it homes in on a specific DNA sequence out of billions in the genome and cleaves the double-stranded DNA molecule. (sciencedaily.com)
- On the other hand, the expression of Rep Avibactam small molecule kinase inhibitor proteins, which produce a nick in the ITR, significantly increased non-homologous integration of the DNA fragment writing no homology towards the genome, but got no influence on gene concentrating on or arbitrary integration when the DNA fragment distributed homology using the genome. (scienceexhibitions.org)
- An alternative method of homologous recombination mediated gene targeting consists of exploiting the recombinogenic nature of the adeno-associated computer virus (AAV) vector genome [11]. (scienceexhibitions.org)
- The AAV single stranded (ss) DNA genome contains two overlapping open reading frames flanked by two inverted repeated sequences (ITRs), the only elements required in for replication and integration. (scienceexhibitions.org)
- Moreover, AAV-mediated gene targeting has been reported to be less dependent on the extent of homology between the vector and the genome target than other methods [14]. (scienceexhibitions.org)
- Recent advances in nucleic acid sequencing now permit rapid and genome-scale analysis of genetic variation and transcription, enabling population-scale studies of human biology, disease, and diverse organisms. (biorxiv.org)
- PG2 integrates genome and transcriptome sequencing to incorporate protein variants containing amino acid substitutions, insertions, and deletions, as well as non-canonical reading frames, exons, and other variants caused by genomic and transcriptomic variation. (biorxiv.org)
- However, such stochastic models cannot sufficiently discriminate member sequences of an RNA family from nonmembers and hence detect noncoding RNA regions from genome sequences. (elsevierpure.com)
- These experimental results have convinced us to apply the stem kernel in order to find novel RNA families from genome sequences. (elsevierpure.com)
Protein sequences4
- Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. (wikipedia.org)
- And a similar result (10^65 attempts required) was obtained by comparing protein sequences. (blogspot.com)
- However, most proteomic studies rely on consensus databases to match spectra to peptide and proteins sequences, and thus remain limited to the analysis of canonical protein sequences. (biorxiv.org)
- This is because the string kernel is proven to work for the remote homology detection of protein sequences. (elsevierpure.com)
Genomic7
- Oligonucleotide primers, designed on the basis of amino acid sequences of 2 tryptic peptides derived from 1 such protein and conserved regions of the C and B genes from members of the repeats in the structural toxin (RTX) family of bacterial toxins, were used to amplify cytotoxin-specific genes from M bovis genomic DNA. (avma.org)
- Results We have shown that the presence of ITRs flanking a gene targeting vector made up of homology to its genomic target decreased the frequency of random integration, leading to an increase in the gene targeting/random integration ratio. (scienceexhibitions.org)
- Guide RNAs (gRNAs) contain the target-specific sequence for guiding Cas9 protein to a genomic location. (idtdna.com)
- In the presence of an HR Donor with homology to the region adjacent to the DSB (blue areas of the genomic and vector DNA) homologous recombination (HR) is favored over non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). (reportergene.com)
- To date, hundreds of candidate structured RNAs have been predicted using informatic approaches that search for motif structures in genomic sequence data. (biomedcentral.com)
- He also noted concern regarding delays in referring specimens to the laboratory for testing, and emphasized the need for improvement in timeliness of reporting and tracking of the viruses referred for genomic sequencing. (who.int)
- He thanked the regional and global specialized laboratories for their efforts to provide timely results of the genomic sequencing of wild polioviruses, and for their help in planning and monitoring polio eradication activities in the Region. (who.int)
Genes16
- Significant sequence similarity and shared functional domains indicate that these two genes are orthologous genes, inherited from the shared ancestor. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Given their tremendous importance for biology and bioinformatics, orthologous genes have been organized in several specialized databases that provide tools to identify and analyze orthologous gene sequences. (wikipedia.org)
- Bioinformatics strategies were used to find other homologous genes and proteins, which can also degrade HCH present in various bacteria for controlling of pollution and offer clue to prevent its entry in the food chain. (ispub.com)
- In presence of phylogenetically distant genomes, due to the variability introduced in gene duplication and transmission, the task of recognizing homologous genes becomes even more difficult. (biomedcentral.com)
- Homology candidate relations are integrated into a global network and groups of homologous genes are extracted by applying a community detection algorithm. (biomedcentral.com)
- Two genes are homologous if they share a common ancestral gene. (biomedcentral.com)
- The variations make the task of recognizing homologous genes difficult, especially when ancestor genomes are no more available. (biomedcentral.com)
- Core genes are often under strong evolutionary selection, thus their sequences are transmitted almost without any alteration. (biomedcentral.com)
- The amount of variations affecting dispensable genes varies and the similarity between homologous sequences tends to decrease according to their phylogenetic distance. (biomedcentral.com)
- We also identified several genes that do not appear to be protein coding, and generated 17 kb of novel transcript sequence data from re-sequencing 97 EST clones. (biomedcentral.com)
- The goal was to understand which sections of DNA controlled where and when genes are activated to result in this structure being reliably located in its correct position. (elifesciences.org)
- Are these genes homologous (i.e., were they passed down from the common ancestor of all these different organisms) or analogous (i.e., did they all evolve independently through convergent evolution)? (berkeley.edu)
- To find out which DNA repair enzymes are critical to homology-directed repair after CRISPR cutting, Richardson and Corn employed a technique called CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to knock out, one at a time, more than 2,000 genes known or suspected to be involved in DNA repair, a function critical to a healthy cell. (sciencedaily.com)
- Surprisingly, many of the genes that proved to be important -- homology-directed repair dropped dramatically when they were silenced -- were involved in an important repair system not thought to be involved in CRISPR repair. (sciencedaily.com)
- This suggests that CaMV evolved subsequent to the horizontal transfer of a retrotransposon to the cruciferae, either as the result of capture of RTgene by a pre-existing virus or by the transposable element acquiring additional genes to become a virus. (i-sis.org.uk)
- Sequencing of mammalian genomes, including primates, rodents and others shows that ~90% of genes have been preserved, usually as single copies without duplication, disruption or deletion, since their last common ancestors. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarity9
- Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. (wikipedia.org)
- Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. (wikipedia.org)
- The term "percent homology" is often used to mean "sequence similarity", that is the percentage of identical residues (percent identity), or the percentage of residues conserved with similar physicochemical properties (percent similarity), e.g. leucine and isoleucine, is usually used to "quantify the homology. (wikipedia.org)
- Based on the definition of homology specified above this terminology is incorrect since sequence similarity is the observation, homology is the conclusion. (wikipedia.org)
- As with morphological and anatomical structures, sequence similarity might occur because of convergent evolution, or, as with shorter sequences, by chance, meaning that they are not homologous. (wikipedia.org)
- When closely related organisms are analyzed, reasonable thresholds on sequences similarity are applied to recognize gene families. (biomedcentral.com)
- Including such artifacts can result in similarity between non-homologous sequences. (berkeley.edu)
- Two homologous nickel-iron hydrogenases, HupSL and HydSL from the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina, differ substantially in their thermal stabilities despite the high sequence similarity between them. (nih.gov)
- The stem kernel is a natural extension of the string kernel, specifically the all-subsequences kernel, and is tailored to measure the similarity of two RNA sequences from the viewpoint of secondary structures. (elsevierpure.com)
Highly homologous1
- In combination with Prime Homology Modeling, it can even predict a target protein-ligand complex structure without any X-ray structures of the target protein, using a structure of a highly homologous protein as a starting point. (schrodinger.com)
Mutations5
- These data support a model whereby activating MLLT1 mutations early in renal development result in the development of Wilms tumour. (nature.com)
- We conclude that activating MLLT1 mutations accompanied by Wnt activation early in renal development result in the development of Wilms tumour. (nature.com)
- Vectors based on AAV, which deliver single-stranded, linear DNA genomes, are able to efficiently introduce many types of mutations into homologous target loci at a frequency approaching 1% in mammalian cells, and are currently used as gene targeting vectors [13-16]. (scienceexhibitions.org)
- In addition, HR donors can include up to 6-8 kb of open reading frame for gene knock-ins or tagging, and, when small mutations are included in either 5' or 3' homology arms, can make specific, targeted gene edits. (reportergene.com)
- These circumstances make it imperative to develop a stochastic model that enables us to reliably calculate the probability of sequence evolution via mutations including insertions and deletions. (biomedcentral.com)
Orthologous3
- Homologous sequences are orthologous if they are inferred to be descended from the same ancestral sequence separated by a speciation event: when a species diverges into two separate species, the copies of a single gene in the two resulting species are said to be orthologous. (wikipedia.org)
- Orthologous sequences provide useful information in taxonomic classification and phylogenetic studies of organisms. (wikipedia.org)
- We also demonstrate that self-propagating active genetic elements (CopyCat elements) can efficiently delete and replace the L2-CRM with orthologous sequences from other divergent fly species. (elifesciences.org)
NHEJ2
- These nucleases can create double strand breaks (DSBs) in the DNA sequence that can be repaired by two main mechanisms: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which introduces indels to modify the DNA sequence, and Homology-directed repair (HDR), which uses a donor template for accurate genetic correction. (uc3m.es)
- Eukaryotic cells repair the DSBs by the fast but potentially mutagenic Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ), and by the accurate Homology Directed Repair (HDR) pathways. (europa.eu)
Nucleotide sequences2
- We can therefore amplify nucleotide sequences from infinitesimal amounts of DNA extract. (intechopen.com)
- In organisms as complex and integrated as those that were already living a long time ago, creation of entirely new nucleotide sequences could not be of any importance in the production of new information. (blogspot.com)
Molecular3
- These ribosomal sequences was functional for the phylogenetic analysis and molecular taxonomic of any bacteria. (ispub.com)
- Results -Several proteins ranging in molecular mass from 55 to 75 kd were unique to the hemolytic strain. (avma.org)
- Moreover, these similarities at the molecular level correlate with physiological homologies. (silverchair.com)
Evolutionary4
- The Structural Classification of Proteins - extended ( SCOPe ) knowledgebase aims to provide an accurate, detailed, and comprehensive description of the structural and evolutionary relationships amongst all proteins of known structure, along with resources for analyzing the protein structures and their sequences. (berkeley.edu)
- As discussed earlier, there are two basic evolutionary explanations for similarities: homology and analogy. (berkeley.edu)
- Insertions and deletions (indels) account for more nucleotide differences between two related DNA sequences than substitutions do, and thus it is imperative to develop a method to reliably calculate the occurrence probabilities of sequence alignments via evolutionary processes on an entire sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
- Hilton Ferreira Japyassú and Cátia Regina Macagnan evolutionary analyses, that is, the statement of Methods homology. (bvsalud.org)
Recombination events1
- 3 Selection markers can be integrated into double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) donors, but excision of these markers requires a second step and creates scar sequences 4 that can trigger unwanted recombination events. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Vector6
- Thus, to review the result of ITRs on fungus gene concentrating on, we built a book vector pAAVLUL known Avibactam small molecule kinase inhibitor as, formulated with the gene interrupted by gene and flanked with the ITRs (Body?1B). (scienceexhibitions.org)
- Simply clone in your gRNA sequence, package the vector, and isolate rAAV virus particles using our AAVanced AAV Concentration Reagent for easy, high-titer preparations. (reportergene.com)
- Why an HR targeting vector is a recommended Even though gene knock-outs can result from DSBs caused by Cas9 alone, SBI recommends the use of HR targeting vectors (also called HR donor vectors) for more efficient and precise mutation. (reportergene.com)
- A novel kernel function, stem kernel, for the discrimination and detection of functional RNA sequences using support vector machines (SVMs) is proposed. (elsevierpure.com)
- Result: The HR event leads to insertion of the region of the HR Donor Vector between the two homology arms-your selection cassette is integrated into the gene, disrupting the open reading frame. (reportergene.com)
- In this article, we present an application of our novel E. coli CRISPR/Cas-mediated Lambda-Red (λ-Red) homologous recombination (HR) vector system, which facilitates gene editing through the homology-directed repair (HDR) of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) created by Cas9 endonuclease, using either ssDNA or dsDNA as an editing template. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Rad522
- protein Rad52 strongly increases homologous recombination and gene targeting in HeLa cells [9,10]. (scienceexhibitions.org)
- Also, they share a similar protein architecture based on an N-terminal ssDNA binding domain of ~180 amino acids and a C-terminal extension that in the case of RAD52 is required for homologous recombination (HR) through specific protein-protein interactions 6 . (nature.com)
Chromosomal1
- E. coli , one of the most commonly engineered bacteria, has an active homologous recombination (HR) system, so chromosomal integration can be achieved simply by donating DNAs with homology arms to recombine at a target site. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Analyses2
- Procedures -For male goats, results of serum biochemical analyses collected from 1992 through 2003 were retrieved from computerized records, as were signalment, clinical diagnoses, and discharge status. (avma.org)
- First, it is indels but not substitutions that yield the skeletons (or the gap configurations) of the sequence alignments (reviewed, e.g., in [ 7 ]), which provide essential inputs to most homology-based analyses in computational biology. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria2
- Recently, metagenomics a new approach to identify culturable and non culturable bacteria with the help of 16S rDNA sequences isolate total DNA from HCH contaminated soil and amplified 16S rDNA through universal primers and confirmed its total population with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing. (ispub.com)
- In bacteria, homology search begins after RecA binds an initiating single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the primary DNA-binding site, forming the presynaptic filament. (ibpc.fr)
Proteins sequences1
Similarities1
- These shared biochemical, protein sequence and functional similarities suggest the existence of an ancestral annealing mechanism involved in HR. (nature.com)
Phylogenetic1
- These resources employ approaches that can be generally classified into those that use heuristic analysis of all pairwise sequence comparisons, and those that use phylogenetic methods. (wikipedia.org)
Reliably1
- The comparison of the models reveals that the higher stability of HydSL can be attributed to increased inter-subunit electrostatic interactions: the homology models reliably predict that HydSL contains at least five more inter-subunit ion pairs than HupSL. (nih.gov)
Functional1
- Several computational methods based on stochastic context-free grammars have been developed for modeling and analyzing functional RNA sequences. (elsevierpure.com)
Gene fusion1
- Such partial homology may result from a gene fusion event. (wikipedia.org)
DSBs1
- Even though gene knock-outs can result from DSBs caused by Cas9 alone, SBI recommends the use of HR targeting vectors (also called HR donor vectors) for more efficient and precise mutation. (reportergene.com)
Strand4
- Alternatively, other enzymes can patch the break with a single strand of DNA that matches the DNA sequence upstream and downstream of the cut. (sciencedaily.com)
- Single strand annealing proteins (SSAPs) like Redβ initiate homologous recombination by annealing complementary DNA strands. (nature.com)
- RecA family proteins are responsible for homology search and strand exchange. (ibpc.fr)
- We speculate that once the initial test is passed, the mismatch insensitive binding in the heteroduplex allows short mismatched regions to be incorporated in otherwise homologous strand exchange products even though sequences with less homology are eventually rejected. (ibpc.fr)
Amplify1
- We verified this excision event using primers (not shown) to amplify the 3' arm and sequencing through the remaining FRT site. (cdc.gov)
Alignments3
- Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous. (wikipedia.org)
- First, for each of all types of local pairwise alignments (PWAs) and some typical types of local multiple sequence alignments (MSAs), we numerically computed the total contribution from all parsimonious indel histories and that from all next-parsimonious histories, and compared them. (biomedcentral.com)
- Since the groundbreaking works by Bishop and Thompson [ 13 ] and by Thorne, Kishino and Felsenstein [ 14 ], many studies have been done to develop and apply methods to calculate the probabilities of pairwise alignments (PWAs) and multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) under the probabilistic models aiming to incorporate the effects of indels. (biomedcentral.com)
Fragment1
Billions1
- In this work, we perform an all-versus-all HS-BLASTN [ 8 ] on hundreds of millions of intergenic regions predicted from Human Microbiome Project phase 2 (HMP2) [ 9 ] metagenomic data, resulting in billions of significant pairwise homologies between different intergenic regions. (biomedcentral.com)
CRISPR1
- The former, called non-homologous end-joining, appears to be the most common outcome after CRISPR cutting. (sciencedaily.com)
Detection1
- Furthermore, the potential application of the stem kernel is demonstrated by the detection of remotely homologous RNA families in terms of secondary structures. (elsevierpure.com)
Called conserved1
- Homologous sequence regions are also called conserved. (wikipedia.org)
Indels1
- Previously, we presented a perturbative formulation that facilitates the ab initio calculation of alignment probabilities under a continuous-time Markov model, which describes the stochastic evolution of an entire sequence via indels with quite general rate parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative1
- In the present investigation, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequence was retrieved from NCBI followed by its domain analysis to find out the effective part of the sequence later on 3D structure of the domain modeling by comparative homology modeling approach, including a thorough screening of the homologous sequences to domain by sequence alignment technique. (academicjournals.org)
Structures2
- These grammatical methods have succeeded in modeling typical secondary structures of RNA, and are used for structural alignment of RNA sequences. (elsevierpure.com)
- The stem kernel examines all possible common base pairs and stem structures of arbitrary lengths, including pseudoknots between two RNA sequences, and calculates the inner product of common stem structure counts. (elsevierpure.com)
Variants2
- Each mutation was verified by Sanger sequencing of PCR products spanning the variants ( Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
- However, recent studies in many organisms and in humans have revealed significant protein sequence variation due to the presence of somatically acquired genetic variants, alternative transcription, and mRNA splicing, which are not necessarily annotated in reference databases. (biorxiv.org)
Frequency2
- Being able to manipulate those cells to increase the frequency of this process, called homology-directed repair, is exciting. (sciencedaily.com)
- Then we compared the first-approximate probability of each local MSA with its absolute frequency in the MSAs created via a genuine sequence evolution simulator, Dawg. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutation1
SCAR1
- Two retrotransposons, belonging to the two major classes of LTR and non-LTR elements, were characterized trough a SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) strategy. (sisef.it)
Occurs1
- However, using this method, each homologous targeted event occurs within ten random integrations [14]. (scienceexhibitions.org)
Theoretical2
- We also constructed, by homology modeling, a theoretical structure of the pUL105 N-terminal domain which indicates that the mutated conserved amino acids in this domain could be involved in ATP hydrolysis. (frontiersin.org)
- however, we present experimental and theoretical results suggesting that the heteroduplex stability is insensitive to mismatches. (ibpc.fr)
Approaches1
- Different pharmacological, cellular and genetic approaches have been tried showing promising results, but, until now, treatment has focused primarily on symptomatic relief such as daily wound care or pain reduction. (uc3m.es)
Clone1
- Clone your homology arms into MCS1 and MCS2, and use puromycin selection and RFP-positive imaging to find integrants. (reportergene.com)
Alignment2
- PanDelos avoids sequence alignment by introducing a measure based on k -mer multiplicity. (biomedcentral.com)
- By using sequence alignment of herpesviruses homologs, we identified conserved amino acids in the putative pUL105 ATP binding site and in the putative pUL70 zinc finger pattern. (frontiersin.org)
Classification1
- By providing a broad survey of protein folds and authoritative information about relatives of proteins, particularly those too ancient to be readily recognized from sequence, SCOPe is a framework for future research and classification. (berkeley.edu)
Observation1
- The results are in accord with the general observation that with increasing temperature, the role of electrostatic interactions in protein stability increases. (nih.gov)
Nucleotides1
- A sequence of a thousand nucleotides codes for a medium-sized protein. (blogspot.com)
Methods1
- Sequence comparison methods were first pioneered in the COGs database in 1997. (wikipedia.org)
Upstream1
- The CaMV promoter is a sequence of about 350 basepairs upstream of the 35S transcript (-343 to +8, with Cap site at +1), about 250 basepairs of which overlap with the 3' end of gene Vl, the last of the six large open reading frames. (i-sis.org.uk)
Data6
- Nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ Sequenced Read Archive under the accession numbers DRXxxxxxx and DRXxxxxxx. (nig.ac.jp)
- The sequencing data confirmed that these fish carried Mycobacterium sp. (biomedcentral.com)
- The precisionFDA Truth Challenge ran from April 26, 2016 to May 26, 2016, giving participants the unique and exciting opportunity to test their NGS pipelines on an uncharacterized sample (HG002) and publish results on precisionFDA for subsequent evaluation against newly-revealed "truth" data. (fda.gov)
- Due to novelties related to both the truth data and the comparison methodology, these results are only a first cut at conducting an evaluation. (fda.gov)
- The following table summarizes the challenge entries, and the results of the comparison against the HG002 truth data. (fda.gov)
- We also present data suggesting that an initial homology test of 8 contiguous bases rejects most interactions containing more than 1/8 mismatches without forming a detectable 20 bp product. (ibpc.fr)
Donor2
- Wing vein phenotypes resulting from these trans-species enhancer replacements parallel features of the respective donor fly species. (elifesciences.org)
- If one of the homology arms of the HR donor contains the gene edit, it will be incorporated into the gene through the HR repair process. (reportergene.com)
Domain2
- The sizable extracellular N-terminal domain is homologous to bacterial periplasmic binding proteins and serves as the glutamate binding site. (bdbiosciences.com)
- Homology models of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain was finally taken into consideration to focus on the prediction of the specific ligand binding site by docking against antiviral drug Ribavirin, with an aid of AutoDock4.2. (academicjournals.org)
Single gene1
- Subsequently, numerous gene families arising as a result of expansions from a single gene have been identified [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Species1
- used the CopyCat tool to delete the regulatory sequence and replace it with sequences from three other species of flies. (elifesciences.org)
Structure1
- The main results of the team are the lack of cross-reactivity between allergens with strong sequence homologies, the relationship between the structure, resistance to proteolysis and allergenicity and the effect of technological processes and composition of the matrix on digestibility and allergenicity. (cea.fr)