Discusses broader developmental and evolutionary issues and their implications for macroevolution, such as the links between phylogeny and ontogeny, homology and serial homology, normal and abnormal development, the evolution, variations, and birth defects of humans, and medicine. (routledge.com)
How does Darwin's account of serial homology (the resemblance of parts within an organism, for example, the forelimbs to the hindlimbs, or of a cervical vertebra to a thoracic vertebra) depend on the repetition of parts or segmentation? (evolutionnews.org)
Hypotheses2
In the present article, we perform cortical type analysis of the neocortex of adult rats, Rhesus macaques, and humans to propose hypotheses on homology of cortical areas applying the principles of the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex. (springer.com)
Here, a phylogenomic analysis was carried out to examine the validity of rival hypotheses suggesting alternative archaeal or bacterial origins to the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Biology3
As a result, the origin of eukaryotes from former organisms is one of the most intriguing questions in biology. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, it has been generally accepted in evolutionary biology that genes duplicated from a single gene in the ancestral vertebrate undergo sub-functionalization, neo-functionalization, or non-functionalization ( Ohno, 1970 ). (frontiersin.org)
Homology is a central concept of comparative and evolutionary biology, referring to the presence of the same bodily parts (e.g., morphological structures) in different species. (asu.edu)
Gene2
The origin of the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway is not unique and less straightforward than previously thought: some basic components likely have proteoarchaeal origins, but the pathway was extensively developed before the eukaryotic diversification through multiple gene duplications, protein co-options, neofunctionalizations and even possible horizontal gene transfers from bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
This work demonstrates that this I-SceI transgenesis technique, when coupled with an understanding of chromatin accessibility, can be a powerful tool for studying how evolutionary changes in gene regulatory mechanisms contributed to the diversification of body plans in deuterostomes. (stanford.edu)
Genes1
These diverse genomic islands shared a common evolutionary origin, insert into tRNA genes, and have diverged widely, with G+C contents ranging from 40 to 70% and amino acid homologies as low as 20 to 25% for shared core genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Implications1
We also discuss the evolutionary implications of these findings. (bvsalud.org)
Comparative1
Following the success of comparative analyses to trace back particular machineries to LECA [ 25 - 32 ], the origin and evolution of the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway will be studied here. (biomedcentral.com)
Findings1
This is the first report of a diverse family of related syntenic genomic islands with a deep evolutionary origin, and our findings challenge the view that genomic islands consist only of independently evolving modules. (ox.ac.uk)
Chordates1
Following his PhD. he worked as a Miller Fellow at UC Berkeley working on the origin of chordates focussing on the evolution of the vertebrate central nervous system, first in Mike Levine's lab, then with John Gerhart and Marc Kirschner from Harvard. (stanford.edu)
Species3
Here, we argue that the steroid sensitivity of the kiss1 or kiss2 neurons has been well conserved during evolution among tetrapods and teleosts, and thus it may be the key to understanding the functional homologies of certain populations of kisspeptin ( kiss1 or kiss2 ) neurons among different species of vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
Recent literature on the kisspeptin of non-mammalian species suggests that the kiss1 and kiss2 systems may have undergone such evolutionary processes. (frontiersin.org)
The existence of homologies is explained by common ancestry, and according to modern definitions of homology, two structures in different species are homologous if they are derived from the same structure in the common ancestor. (asu.edu)
Vertebrate1
Finally, we propose an elaboration of the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex in the context of modern studies of pallial patterning that integrates the specification of pallial sectors in development of vertebrate embryos. (springer.com)
Parallel1
Thus, paraolfactory and parahippocampal gradients of neocortex emerged in evolution from this dual origin and developed parallel gradients of laminar elaboration that expanded from marsupial and monotremes to primates through successive concentric rings inside the allocortical (olfactory and hippocampal) ring. (springer.com)
Common2
Transferable antibiotic resistance elements in Haemophilus influenzae share a common evolutionary origin with a diverse family of syntenic genomic islands. (ox.ac.uk)
Darwin's explanation for homology is that it is a consequence of common descent. (evolutionnews.org)
Question1
This is indeed a problem about a basic question in evolutionary analyses, that is, the statement of homology. (bvsalud.org)
Concept2
Why is the concept of homology crucial for even being able to talk about organic structure? (evolutionnews.org)
This is not to say homology is not an important concept and area of study. (evolutionnews.org)
Evolution2
He moved to The USA for graduate training with Greg Wray at SUNY Stonybrook in the Department of Ecology and Evolution, where he worked on the evolution of body plans and the origin of the echinoderms. (stanford.edu)
This will be the first book to synthesize, summarize, and provide high-quality illustrations to show what is known of the configuration, development, homology, and evolution of the muscles of all major extant chordate groups. (routledge.com)
Important1
This is also important in order to hypothesize primary homologies ( sensu de Pinna, 1991, 1997), that is, topographical similarities based on Remane's criteria of homology (adapted to the behavioural domain - see Greene, 1994). (bvsalud.org)
Guide1
The updated version of the hypothesis of Sanides provides explanation for the emergence of cortical hierarchies in mammals and will guide future research in the phylogenetic origin of neocortical areas. (springer.com)
Structure2
We are "able to talk about organic structure" without reference to homology. (evolutionnews.org)
Believe it or not, you actually can investigate how organic structure works, without even referencing homology. (evolutionnews.org)
Problem1
Pure metaphysics, and it ignores the enormous problem that non-adaptive patterns cause for evolutionary theory. (evolutionnews.org)
19971
This is also important in order to hypothesize primary homologies ( sensu de Pinna, 1991, 1997), that is, topographical similarities based on Remane's criteria of homology (adapted to the behavioural domain - see Greene, 1994). (bvsalud.org)
Contiguous2
Framing definitions in terms of origin requires splitting the evolutionary sequence in two contiguous segments, " before" and " after" the origination of a new feature. (samplefellow.com)
ICE Hin1056 has homology to 20 contiguous sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. (ox.ac.uk)
Mechanisms1
In contrast, innovation [evolutionary modes and mechanisms] and novelty [their phenotypic outcome] designate the processes and results of introducing new characters into already existing phenotypic themes of a certain architecture (bodyplans)" ( Müller and Newman, 2005 , p. 490). (samplefellow.com)
Sequence4
Bioinformatics analysis of the complete sequence of a typical H. influenzae conjugative resistance element, ICE Hin1056 , revealed the shared evolutionary origin of this element. (ox.ac.uk)
Where possible, related genes are named using a common root symbol to enable grouping, typically based on sequence homology, shared function or membership of protein complexes. (bioscience.org)
We define a pseudogene as a sequence that is incapable of producing a functional protein product but has a high level of homology to a functional gene. (bioscience.org)
We describe the predatory sequence of P. phalangioides when using gumfoot lines, and discuss possible behavioural homologies between pholcids and araneoids. (bvsalud.org)
View1
There is a widespread consensus on the view that evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) is the discipline eventually borne to fill the gap between evolutionary biology and developmental biology, following a divorce between these two fields that extended over more than half a century ( Amundson, 2005 ). (samplefellow.com)
Terms3
In addition to terminological ambiguity, there is an another problem with the " innovation triad"-the problem that these terms are all framed in terms of " origins. (samplefellow.com)
In science, and especially in biological disciplines with a strong historical dimension such as evolutionary biology and developmental biology, we should frame questions in terms of transitions rather than origins. (samplefellow.com)
Naturalism is the belief that all things, including the origin of life, can be explained purely in terms of natural phenomena , without the intervention of a supernatural being or deity. (toast.net)