• Comparison of a patient's fasting values with the model's predictions allows a quantitative assessment of the contributions of insulin resistance and deficient beta-cell function to the fasting hyperglycaemia (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA). (nih.gov)
  • At the end of the study significant reductions in fasting blood sugar (FBS), the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Omentin level were found in groups 3 and 4 in comparison with group 2. (researchgate.net)
  • Insulin resistance was measured by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). (nih.gov)
  • This study confirms that insulin resistance affects treatment outcome, and thus HOMA-IR testing before initiation of therapy may be a cost-effective tool. (who.int)
  • As for abdominal obesity group, there was the significant association between 25(OH)D and HbA1c, glucagon, HOMA-IR, baseline insulin and C-p. (researchsquare.com)
  • Insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method, and insulin sensitivity using the Matsuda index. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The HOMA-IR (insulin resistance index during a fasting state) decreased by 37.9% from baseline in the AGM at 12 weeks ( p ​ = 0.005), but not in the placebo group. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Indices of insulin function including quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated by specific formulas. (magiran.com)
  • The results showed that there were no significant differences in fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI indices at all the studied time points (weeks of 0, 8 and 12) within or between the groups. (magiran.com)
  • The Homeostasis Model for Assessment [HOMA= fasting insulin (mUI/ml) * fasting glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5] has proved useful in the measurement of insulin sensitivity in euglycemic patients. (isciii.es)
  • Insulin resistance was assessed in these women using a standard test known as 'HOMA-IR' (homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance) which calculates insulin resistance based on fasting levels of both glucose and insulin. (drbriffa.com)
  • In multivariable linear regression models, we found an interaction (P less than 0.05) between the ratio of saturated fat to carbohydrate intake as a continuous variable and PLIN1 11482G>A for HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) in women. (usda.gov)
  • By dichotomizing the ratio of saturated fat to carbohydrate intake into high and low, we found significant interaction terms for insulin and HOMA-IR (P less than 0.05). (usda.gov)
  • When the ratio of saturated fat to carbohydrate was high, insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in minor allele carriers (P=0.004 and P=0.003, respectively), but did not differ when the ratio was low. (usda.gov)
  • MetS z-score was calculated as sum of age- and sex-specific z-scores of four components: waist circumference, blood pressure, dyslipidemia (mean of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol −1 ) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In subproject Ι, 45 patients receiving the 2nd generation antipsychotics risperidone, clozapine or olanzapine were compared regarding prolactin (PRL), body mass index (BMI), insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood lipids. (nel.edu)
  • In contrast, in subproject Ι, insulin and HOMA-IR were higher and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in patients receiving clozapine or olanzapine, compared with patients receiving risperidone. (nel.edu)
  • However, PRL levels did not correlate to BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR or lipids in any of these three treatment groups. (nel.edu)
  • Objective: We assessed the association of exposure to metal mixtures, based on assessment of 15 urinary metals, with both baseline levels and longitudinal changes in homeostatic model assessments for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-beta). (cdc.gov)
  • A two-stage modeling was used to account for correlations in dependent and independent variables: In stage-1, linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the participant-specific baseline HOMA levels from random intercepts and participant-specific rates of changes from random slopes. (cdc.gov)
  • In stage-2, adaptive elastic-net (AENET) models were fit to identify components of metal mixtures associated with participant-specific baseline levels and rates of changes in HOMA-IR and HOMA-beta, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Results: In multivariable adjusted AENET models, urinary zinc was associated with higher HOMA-IR at baseline, whereas molybdenum was associated with lower HOMA-IR at baseline. (cdc.gov)
  • Arsenic was associated with a slightly faster rate of decline in HOMA-beta in the AENET model evaluating associations between metals and rate of changes. (cdc.gov)
  • Previous studies revealed that adiponectin played a causal role in maintaining energy homeostasis via regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
  • We evaluated the associations between serum 25(OH)D and multiple measurements of adiposity, serum lipid concentrations, fasting glucose and insulin resistance in children aged 6-18 years with adjustments for multiple covariates. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Moreover, insulin promotes lipid storage by inhibiting lipolysis. (isciii.es)
  • Effect of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia on anthropometric measures, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses. (nel.edu)
  • A new study finds that adipocyte SLC7A10 impairments may impact lipid accumulation during insulin resistance in patients with obesity. (medscape.com)
  • There was no correlation with any aspect of insulin-receptor binding. (nih.gov)
  • Out of 29 liver tissue sections examined, 14 had a low level of expression of insulin receptor type 1 by immunohistochemical studies. (who.int)
  • Insulin, after binding its receptor, induces the phosphorylation of receptor substrates in the liver and muscles, and induces several steps toward the transactivation of GLUT-4, which increases glucose uptake by cells and its storage as glycogen, and inhibits the net production of glucose by the liver, thus blocking glycogenolysis and neoglycogenesis. (isciii.es)
  • In a cross-sectional study of 48 AD patients without diabetes, 20 cognitively normal diabetic patients, 16 patients with frontotemporal dementia, and 84 cognitively normal controls, researchers found that dysfunctionally phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a neuronal protein, is detectable in blood using exosome-based technology and may be able to predict AD up to 10 years before the appearance of symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • Insulin signaling through the insulin receptor increases linear growth through effects on bone and the GH-IGF-1 axis. (medscape.com)
  • Glucagon and insulin respectively secreted from the pancreatic islet α-cells and β-cells are main hormones for regulating glucose homeostasis. (researchsquare.com)
  • In vitro, 25(OH)D induces the biosynthesis of insulin and insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islet cells [ 5 , 6 ],[ 7 ] . (researchsquare.com)
  • Furthermore, while few studies have examined effects of antipsychotics on pancreatic b-cell function, canine studies demonstrate that expected b-cell compensation for insulin resistance may be reduced or even eliminated with these agents. (psychiatrist.com)
  • It remains to be examined whether failure of adequate pancreatic b-cell compensation for insulin resistance plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetes associated with this class of drugs. (psychiatrist.com)
  • When insulin is unable to induce glucose uptake, pancreatic beta-cells increase insulin production and the hyperinsulinemic state prevents hyperglycemia. (isciii.es)
  • Fasting blood samples were obtained to assess plasma lipids, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • This study consisting of two subprojects was undertaken to evaluate the effects of hyperprolactinemia on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk parameters such as anthropometric measures, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses on long term treatment with antipsychotics. (nel.edu)
  • Insulin, which lowers blood sugar, and glucagon, which raises it, are the most well known of the hormones involved, but more recent discoveries of other glucoregulatory hormones have expanded the understanding of this process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insulin lowers blood sugar (which is good) by facilitating its transfer out of the bloodstream into the body's cells. (drbriffa.com)
  • This study was performed to investigate if organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance among non-diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • In the meantime, women wishing to reduce their risk of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance may do well to be wary about the blood sugar- and insulin-disruptive effects of starchy foods which some would have us believe are healthy and essential. (drbriffa.com)
  • As long as we did not detect insulin resistance, none of the patients (n = 7) treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers. (uwi.edu)
  • Homeostasis model assessment to detect insulin resistance and identify patients at high risk of breast cancer development: national cancer institute of Naples experience. (drbriffa.com)
  • Several, albeit not all, studies suggested that the consumption of the Paleolithic diet might improve glucose tolerance, decrease insulin secretion, and increase insulin sensitivity. (mdpi.com)
  • A mismatch between the circadian rhythm and the meals schedule, such as in circadian rhythm disorders , may increase insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • The steady-state basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations are determined by their interaction in a feedback loop. (nih.gov)
  • A computer-solved model has been used to predict the homeostatic concentrations which arise from varying degrees beta-cell deficiency and insulin resistance. (nih.gov)
  • In patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, altered serum concentrations of Il-10 seems to be dependent on the degree of insulin resistance and proinflammatory status. (medsci.org)
  • Secondary outcomes were changes in serum insulin concentrations at 0, 30, and 60 minutes, and changes in other glucose-related biomarkers such as serum C-peptide, insulin, and haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations at baseline and week 12. (nutraingredients.com)
  • At week 12, serum insulin concentrations increased until 30 minutes in the AGM group, but they were elevated until 60 minutes in the placebo group. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Thus, insulin concentrations are usually high early in type-2 diabetes, but have also been seen in many subjects who are not obese or diabetic, but who have other metabolic syndrome components such as hypertriglyceridemia or arterial hypertension (1). (isciii.es)
  • 2006). Estradiol concentrations outside the normal range have been shown to disrupt glucose homeostasis and perhaps contribute to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (Barros et al. (cdc.gov)
  • To investigate obesity and insulin resistance and associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (uwi.edu)
  • Obesity and insulin resistance were associated positively with plasma thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels, but there was no association between carotid intima-media thickness and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Variations in the perilipin 1 gene, which regulates the metabolism of the cells that store fat (adipocytes), have been reported to be associated with risk of both obesity and insulin resistance. (usda.gov)
  • Studies have consistently shown that there is a link between insulin resistance and circadian rhythm, with insulin sensitivity being higher in the morning and lower in the evening. (wikipedia.org)
  • The same group of researchers responsible for the work on breast cancer and metabolic syndrome has recently published a study which has focused in on the potential link between insulin resistance and post-menopausal breast cancer risk [2]. (drbriffa.com)
  • All of this being said, a healthy diet plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and can empower you to take control of your health! (seattlefertility.com)
  • The treatment of insulin resistance by decreasing hyperinsulinemia could improve sustained response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with peginterferon plus ribavirin. (isciii.es)
  • Insulin resistance ( IR ) is a pathological condition in which cells either fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin or downregulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia . (wikipedia.org)
  • It is known that the normal response to insulin resistance is compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which may prevent diabetes. (psychiatrist.com)
  • The conclusion is that prescription of stevia in the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/d decreases the omentin level indirectly via activating insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose in STZ-induced diabetic rats. (researchgate.net)
  • Heterogeneity analysis revealed that an increasing index of insulin resistance was independently associated with improving the performance of adiponectin upon metabolic syndrome diagnosis (ratio of diagnostic odds ratio = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.13-13.9). (frontiersin.org)
  • Insulin also provides signals to several other body systems, and is the chief regulator of metabolic control in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • When insulin binds to the receptors on the cell surface, vesicles containing the GLUT4 transporters come to the plasma membrane and fuse together by the process of endocytosis, thus enabling a facilitated diffusion of glucose into the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • [3] It is hypothesized that increasing cell membrane fluidity by increasing PUFA concentration might result in an enhanced number of insulin receptors, an increased affinity of insulin to its receptors, and reduced insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • This scenario is further complicated by the altered molecular phenotype featuring AT in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
  • The findings suggest that AGM may have anti-diabetic activity in prediabetic and healthy adults by reducing insulin resistance, despite serum glucose levels which largely remained the same in the AGM and placebo groups after intervention. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Blight, L.F., Judd, S.J. and White, G.H. (1989) Relative diagnostic value of serum non-SHBG-bound testosterone, free androgen index and free testosterone in the assessment of mild to moderate hirsutism. (scirp.org)
  • When the children and adolescents were stratified by gender, we found stronger associations between serum 25(OH)D concentration and both HDL-cholesterol and insulin resistance in girls. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • We used linear mixed regression models, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender, presence of chronic conditions, location, and occupation, to estimate differences in immune response with respect to serum PFAS levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Many hormones can induce insulin resistance including cortisol , [14] growth hormone , and human placental lactogen . (wikipedia.org)
  • In transgenic mice models the HCV core protein has been found to induce insulin resistance via TNF production. (isciii.es)
  • Resistance emerges as a consequence of the inability of insulin to induce its effect on glucose metabolism. (isciii.es)
  • Besides, virus C infection may induce insulin resistance by blocking intracellular signaling, and lastly, insulin resistance has been associated with a decreased rate of sustained response to peginterferon alpha plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C. (isciii.es)
  • Modulation of glucose regulation and insulin secretion by circadian rhythmicity and sleep. (nature.com)
  • The present study used a mouse model characterized by disrupted circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and sleep-wake cycles to determine whether natural cocoa improves chronic sleep disorders (CSDs) induced by psychophysiological stress. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings point to that hyperprolactinemia due to 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics may decrease insulin sensitivity, whereas other mechanisms probably underlie insulin resistance induced by PRL-sparing antipsychotics such as clozapine and olanzapine. (nel.edu)
  • Insulin is released by the pancreas in response to carbohydrates consumed in the diet. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insulin is made in the pancreas and helps the body use glucose by transporting it to the cells and will store extras in liver and muscles for later use. (seattlefertility.com)
  • citation needed] Granule docking is an important glucose-dependent step in human insulin secretion that does not work properly in type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both, obesity which is a major risk factor for the insulin resistance development and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and the chronic hyperglycemia itself play an important role in its pathogenesis. (medsci.org)
  • Risk factors for insulin resistance include obesity , sedentary lifestyle , family history of diabetes, various health conditions, and certain medications. (wikipedia.org)
  • We aimed to investigate the association between 25(OH)D and islet function homeostasis in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. (researchsquare.com)
  • Duration of diabetes influence the effect of 25(OH)D on the ratio of glucagon/C-p, on behalf of islet function homeostasis, in T2D patients with abdominal obesity. (researchsquare.com)
  • Recent studies showed that glucagon served as an insulinotropic hormone rather than counter-regulatory hormone to insulin [ 3 ] , which suggested that both a-and β-cells dysfunction contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). (researchsquare.com)
  • So in response to high glucose level or in type 2 diabetes, how 25(OH)D impact glucagon secretion from islet α-cells as well as the islet function homeostasis between islet α-cells and β-cells should be elucidated, which can provide new strategies for treating glucose metabolism disorders. (researchsquare.com)
  • ORIGINS (Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance Study) enrolled 300 diabetes mellitus-free adults aged 20 to 55 years (mean=34±10 years) (78% women). (ahajournals.org)
  • Insulin resistance is a major factor of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and a range of chronic diseases. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Taking CLA by mouth does not improve pre-meal or post-meal blood sugar or insulin levels in people with type 2 diabetes . (webmd.com)
  • Individuals who develop insulin resistance are at risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes. (usda.gov)
  • Conclusion: Exposure to metal mixtures may be exerting effects on insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, which might be mechanisms by which metal exposures lead to elevated diabetes risks. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent epidemiological studies indicate bisphenol-A (BPA), an estrogenic chemical used in production of epoxy, polycarbonate and plastic may increase risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (cdc.gov)
  • Insulin resistance is associated with the capillary permeability of thigh muscles in patients with type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
  • This hormone, insulin, causes the liver to convert more glucose into glycogen (this process is called glycogenesis), and to force about 2/3 of body cells (primarily muscle and fat tissue cells) to take up glucose from the blood through the GLUT4 transporter, thus decreasing blood sugar. (wikipedia.org)
  • These foods, particularly when eaten in quantity, can lead to high and sustained levels of glucose in the bloodstream, which in turn can lead to surges in the secretion of the hormone insulin. (drbriffa.com)
  • Insulin resistance refers to the body's inability to respond to the hormone insulin, which is needed in order for the cells to use glucose as fuel. (usda.gov)
  • Recently some studies reveal that α-cells lacking DBP secrete less glucagon in response to low glucose concentration despite vitamin D sufficiency[10], and glucagon has a physiologic role to activate β-cells and enhance insulin secretion especially in the fed state [ 11 ] . (researchsquare.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PJ consumption on glucocorticoids levels, blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance in volunteers at high CVD risk. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Also, too much insulin and/or exercise without enough corresponding food intake in diabetics can result in low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). (wikipedia.org)
  • Insulin is a hormone that facilitates the transport of glucose from blood into cells, thereby reducing blood glucose (blood sugar). (wikipedia.org)
  • And specifically, insulin produced by β-cells lowers blood glucose, and glucagon secreted from α-cells opposes insulin action to maintain euglycemia [ 1 ] . (researchsquare.com)
  • The enterosalivary nitrate‐nitrite‐nitric oxide pathway is an alternative pathway of nitric oxide generation, potentially linking the oral microbiome to insulin resistance and blood pressure (BP). (ahajournals.org)
  • Another important piece of blood sugar regulation is a hormone called insulin. (seattlefertility.com)
  • In the placebo group, the mean for fasting blood glucose and insulin were 103.84±24.15 and 9.79±4.02 at the beginning of the study, which reached to 111.40±26.43 and 8.58±3.68 at week 12. (magiran.com)
  • One of the interesting things about this study is that it found that in the majority of women with insulin resistance, blood sugar levels were normal. (drbriffa.com)
  • Essentially, what this means is that the evidence for insulin resistance came from elevated levels of insulin (in the absence of elevated levels of blood glucose). (drbriffa.com)
  • Currently, some evidence supports a relationship between insulin resistance and hepatitis C. Indeed, insulin resistance is more often seen in patients with chronic hepatitis C than in weight-matched healthy controls, and correlates with fibrosis progression. (isciii.es)
  • For insulin sensitivity, which was measured with the Matsuda index, AGM group observed higher values compared to the placebo. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Peripheral insulin sensitivity was already decreased substantially at low PG levels within the normoglycemic range, whereas impairment in insulin secretion was observed mainly in the diabetic range of FPG and 2-h PG. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This method measures the quantity of glucose required to maintain normoglycemic levels during insulin infusion. (isciii.es)
  • The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. (cambridge.org)
  • In a previous animal study, oral intake of Aronia melanocarpa ​ (black chokeberry) berries, red ginseng, and Lentinula edodes ​ (Shiitake mushrooms) and nattokinase mixture (AGM) have been demonstrated to have anti-diabetic activity by reducing insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of glucosamine on glycemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. (magiran.com)
  • Twelve weeks of a normal recommended dose of glucosamine supplements may not have adverse effects on glycemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. (magiran.com)
  • Insulin signaling is preserved in skeletal muscle during early diabetic ketoacidosis. (medscape.com)
  • Insulin resistance also contributes to many PCOS symptoms like weight gain, elevated androgens, acne, skin tags and hirsutism. (seattlefertility.com)
  • The potential relevance of this is that one of the common features of metabolic syndrome is 'insulin resistance' - a state where the body does not respond normally to insulin, which itself is thought to be the result of chronically elevated levels of insulin. (drbriffa.com)
  • Adding to this grow- genotype 4, to assess factors associated proportion of Egyptians estimated to be ing body of evidence, it is now suggested with insulin resistance in those patients chronically infected was 9.8% ( 1 ). (who.int)
  • Which Factors are Predictive for Presence of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis? (uwi.edu)
  • Insulin resistance was detected in 34.4% (n = 22) of patients. (uwi.edu)
  • We found that the incidence of insulin resistance was lower in patients treated with methotrexate at least 1 year ( p = 0.001). (uwi.edu)
  • Obesity and long-standing corticosteroid usage were determinants of insulin resistance in patients with RA. (uwi.edu)
  • Indeed, insulin resistance has been found as a common denominator to the majority of features associated with difficult-to-treat patients. (isciii.es)
  • Insulin resistance strongly influences sustained response rates, at least in genotype-1 patients. (isciii.es)
  • Insulin resistance decreases during and after treatment in patients that achieved virus C clearance. (isciii.es)
  • conditions such as insulin resistance in the most prevalent genotype in Egypt patients with HCV infection. (who.int)
  • Some medications are associated with insulin resistance including corticosteroids , protease inhibitors (type of HIV medication), [11] and atypical antipsychotics . (wikipedia.org)