Homeostasis glucose transport proteins facilitative. Medical search. Frequent questions

The recently cloned SLC2A10 gene encodes a 541 amino acid putative facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT10) of the GLUT family class III with between 30 and 34% amino acid homology with the known GLUT proteins ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
The results obtained showed that high and low glucose concentrations regulate the availability of facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms and the glucose transport capacity of human chondrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
High glucose concentrations decrease the transport capacity and GLUT-1 protein content without affecting its mRNA levels, but this ability to adjust glucose transport capacity as a function of its availability is compromised in aged/OA chondrocytes leading to its intracellular accumulation[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This form of glucose transport is predominantly mediated by members of the GLUT transporter family. (medscape.com)
ii) The glucose carriers expressed in the basolateral domain are GULT-1 and GLUT-2 that do not require energy, sodium, or any other ion. (medscape.com)
Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)

The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)

Members of this family play a significant role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)

Drosophila transmembrane protein 214 (dTMEM214) regulates midgut glucose uptake and systemic glucose homeostasis. (ouhsc.edu)
The laforin-malin complex negatively regulates glycogen synthesis by modulating cellular glucose uptake via glucose transporters. (ouhsc.edu)
Glucose removal is determined by cellular glucose uptake and metabolism ( fig. 1 ) [ 4 , 12 - 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Consistent with this paradoxical phenotype, basal glucose uptake was higher in AS160-knockout primary adipocytes and normal in isolated soleus muscle, but their insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and overall GLUT4 levels were markedly decreased. (dundee.ac.uk)
In contrast, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 levels were normal in EDL muscle. (dundee.ac.uk)
The Er1 F/− EV cargo is taken up by recipient cells leading to an increase in insulin-independent glucose transporter levels, enhanced cellular glucose uptake, higher cellular oxygen consumption rate and greater tolerance to glucose challenge in mice. (nature.com)

Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)
Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
Although the adult human brain represents only 2% of the total body weight, it consumes up to 20% of the total glucose metabolism under normal resting physiological conditions (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
This review will discuss the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, possible explanations for the high glucose consumption in cancer cells observed by Warburg, and suggest key experimental practices we should consider when studying the metabolism of cancer. (researchgate.net)
Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)
Confocal studies showed differential cellular and compartmental distribution of isozymes involved in glucose, glutamate, glutamine, lactate, and creatine metabolism. (molvis.org)

Transport urate and fructose. (nih.gov)
Pig conceptuses are fructogenic, such that a substantial portion of glucose transferred from mother to fetus is converted to fructose. (biomedcentral.com)
Fructose is an intermediate product in the synthesis of glucosamine from glucose, and glucosamine is linked to regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation through regulation of mTOR. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest a link between glucose, fructose, glucosamine synthesis, GAG production, and placental morphogenesis, but the details of these interactions remain unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
SLC2A8 is the insulin-regulated facilitative glucose transporter.SLC2A8 binds cytochalasin B in a glucose-inhibitable manner.SLC2A8 seems to be a dual-specific sugar transporter as it is inhibitable by fructose. (novusbio.com)

Indirect effects of high glucose can result from enhanced formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which accumulate in OA cartilage in an age-dependent manner and play a pro-inflammatory and pro-catabolic role mediated by activation of their specific receptor, RAGE, on chondrocytes and synovial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
High glucose is thus sufficient to induce an inflammatory and catabolic response in human OA chondrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Elucidating how high glucose modulates joint tissue homeostasis will identify novel targets for development of innovative strategies both to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of OA and to effectively modify disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Rosa SC, Goncalves J, Judas F, Mobasheri A, Lopes C, Mendes AF: Impaired glucose transporter-1 degradation and increased glucose transport and oxidative stress in response to high glucose in chondrocytes from osteoarthritic versus normal human cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
Rufino AT, Ribeiro M, Judas F, Lopes MC, Mendes AF: A5.1 Culture OF human chondrocytes in high glucose induces inflammatory markers and impairs autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
Laiguillon M-C, Courties A, Houard X, Auclair M, Sautet A, Capeau J, et al: Characterization of diabetic osteoarthritic cartilage and role of high glucose environment on chondrocyte activation: toward pathophysiological delineation of diabetes mellitus-related osteoarthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
They observed high glucose consumption and large amounts of lactate excretion from cancer cells compared with normal cells, which oxidised glucose using mitochondria. (researchgate.net)
We find that high glucose in EV-targeted cells triggers pro-inflammatory stimuli via mTOR activation. (nature.com)

Dysregulation of insulin-sensitive glucose transporters during insulin resistance-induced atrial fibrillation. (ouhsc.edu)
However, the codon 206 polymorphism may be related to the interindividual variation in fasting and oral glucose-induced serum insulin levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
AS160 (Akt substrate of 160 kDa) is a Rab GTPase-activating protein implicated in insulin control of GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) trafficking. (dundee.ac.uk)
Despite having lower blood glucose levels under both fasted and random-fed conditions, the AS160-knockout mice exhibited insulin resistance in both muscle and liver in a euglycaemic clamp study. (dundee.ac.uk)
Overall, as well as its catalytic function, AS160 influences expression of other proteins, and its loss deregulates basal and insulin-regulated glucose homoeostasis, not only in tissues that normally express AS160, but also by influencing liver function. (dundee.ac.uk)

Facilitative transport occurs in essentially all cell types and is driven by the concentration gradient across cellular membranes. (medscape.com)
Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)

Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A9 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetic peptides corresponding to SLC2A8 (solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter, member 8). (novusbio.com)

Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction due to a reduction in the renal tubular reabsorption of glucose. (medscape.com)
Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)
Reabsorption of glucose predominantly occurs on the brush border membrane of the convoluted segment of the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)

This gene encodes a member of the SLC2A facilitative glucose transporter family. (wikipedia.org)
It consists of 14 separate exons spanning approximately 7.7kb of genomic DNA, and encodes the 672 amino acid protein SGLT2. (medscape.com)
The SLC2A10 gene encodes the GLUT10 facilitative glucose transporter, which is expressed in high amounts in liver and pancreas. (diabetesjournals.org)
The gene that encodes the DAT protein is located on chromosome 5 , consists of 15 coding exons , and is roughly 64 kbp long. (cloudfront.net)

Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain joined by peptide bonds. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, recent placental epithelial transcriptome analysis identified several glucose, amino acid, lipid, vitamin, mineral and hormone transporter mechanisms within the placenta. (biomedcentral.com)

or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glucose (glucosamine, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid) suggesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glucose needs of the developing fetus. (biomedcentral.com)

Secondary active transport occurs in the intestine and the kidney tubules (predominantly proximal tubule) and is mediated by members of the SGLT transporter family. (medscape.com)

Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
These processes vary between species but universally maintain ASL glucose at 3-20-fold lower concentrations than plasma. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are increased in respiratory disease and by hyperglycaemia. (ersjournals.com)
This is in contrast to conditions in the gut and kidney, where luminal glucose concentrations regularly exceed plasma glucose concentrations [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
Current model of the mechanisms controlling glucose concentrations in the surface liquid lining the airway and distal lung epithelium. (ersjournals.com)

As plasma glucose concentration increases, there is concordant increase in the filtered load of glucose. (medscape.com)
0.01 mM and plasma glucose 0.19 mM [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)

During oversupply of nutrients, white adipose tissue (WAT) actively regulates whole-body energy homeostasis by storing lipids and secreting adipokines 4 . (researchsquare.com)

SLC2A9 has also recently been found to transport uric acid, and genetic variants of the transporter have been linked to increased risk of development of both hyperuricemia, gout and Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)

Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)
Blood flow is indeed directly related to the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption (CMR glc ) ( Sokoloff, 1978 ). (frontiersin.org)

A family of monosaccharide transport proteins characterized by 12 membrane spanning helices. (ouhsc.edu)
They facilitate passive diffusion of GLUCOSE across the CELL MEMBRANE. (ouhsc.edu)
The dopamine transporter ( DAT ) also ( sodium-dependent dopamine transporter ) is a membrane-spanning protein coded for in the human by the SLC6A3 gene , (also known as DAT1 ), that pumps the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synaptic cleft back into cytosol . (cloudfront.net)
DAT is an integral membrane protein that removes dopamine from the synaptic cleft and deposits it into surrounding cells, thus terminating the signal of the neurotransmitter. (cloudfront.net)
Once dopamine binds, the protein undergoes a conformational change, which allows both sodium and dopamine to unbind on the intracellular side of the membrane. (cloudfront.net)
Studies using electrophysiology and radioactive-labeled dopamine have confirmed that the dopamine transporter is similar to other monoamine transporters in that one molecule of neurotransmitter can be transported across the membrane with one or two sodium ions. (cloudfront.net)
Because of the tight coupling of the membrane potential and the sodium gradient, activity-induced changes in membrane polarity can dramatically influence transport rates. (cloudfront.net)

Glucose enters at the luminal side of the proximal tubular cells by an active carrier-mediated transport process that requires energy provided by the sodium gradient between the intra- and extracellular compartments generated by sodium-potassium ATPase. (medscape.com)

Kelley KM, Johnson TR, Ilan J, Moskowitz RW: Glucose regulation of the IGF response system in chondrocytes: induction of an IGF-I-resistant state. (biomedcentral.com)

As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)

DAT function requires the sequential binding and co-transport of two Na + ions and one Cl − ion with the dopamine substrate. (cloudfront.net)

For over 50 years, glucose has been recognised to cross the lung epithelial barrier and be transported by lung epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with 16.6±0.4 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, ASL glucose was 2.2±0.5 mM [ 11 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Glucose diffusion is determined by epithelial permeability to glucose, the transepithelial glucose gradient and surface area. (ersjournals.com)

glucose is converted into lactate. (researchgate.net)

Glucose enters the cell along with sodium, and sodium exits the cell at the basolateral side of the cell, which is sodium-independent and a facilitative transport requiring no energy. (medscape.com)
In immortalised human airway cells (line H441) with 10 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, apical ASL glucose was 0.24±0.07 mM [ 10 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Cerebral function requires the cooperative interaction between different cell types, namely neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes, and depends on high metabolic activity supported by continuous supply of oxygen and glucose from the blood ( Siesjö, 1978 ). (frontiersin.org)
We have previously showed that genetic polymorphisms in glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) gene are associated with a T2DM intermediate phenotype in non-diabetic population, and GLUT10 G128E mice (carrying human orthologous GLUT10 G128E variant) are highly sensitive to HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation. (researchsquare.com)

Although the pattern of inheritance that best fits FRG is one of co-dominance, increased glucose excretion was not observed in all individuals with similar or identical mutations. (medscape.com)

When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, human GLUT10 exhibited 2-deoxy- d -glucose transport with an apparent K m of ∼0.3 mmol/l ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

The key enzymes of gluconeogenesis are phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase). (medscape.com)

Whether and how glucose directly affects joint tissues and cells is just beginning to be unraveled. (biomedcentral.com)

1 H-[ 13 C] MRS, i.e., indirect detection of signals from 13 C-coupled 1 H, together with infusion of 13 C-enriched glucose has provided insights into the coupling between neurotransmission and glucose oxidation. (frontiersin.org)

These biochemicals can be joined to make polymers such as DNA and proteins, essential macromolecules of life. (wikipedia.org)

In humans, a truncation mutation (R363X) in one allele of AS160 decreased the expression of the protein and caused severe postprandial hyperinsulinaemia during puberty. (dundee.ac.uk)

Heterozygosity for mutations suggest a role of nongenetic factors or other genes involved in renal glucose transport. (medscape.com)

higher levels of glucose in the presence of oxygen with an associated increase in lacta te production. (researchgate.net)

Understanding of mechanisms underlying lung glucose homeostasis could identify new therapeutic targets for control of ASL glucose and prevention and treatment of lung infection. (ersjournals.com)

It helps to maintain glucose homeostasis by at least two mechanisms. (medscape.com)
Our understanding of the role of glucose transport in the lung and the mechanisms that regulate glucose movement across the human lung epithelium lags far behind that of the gut and kidney. (ersjournals.com)
Further elucidation of mechanisms of placental morphogenesis and solute transport could provide clues to improving nutrient transport to the pig fetus, potentially increasing litter size and piglet birth weights. (biomedcentral.com)

Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)

Drosophila Solute Carrier 5A5 Regulates Systemic Glucose Homeostasis by Mediating Glucose Absorption in the Midgut. (ouhsc.edu)

Rosa SC, Rufino AT, Judas FM, Tenreiro CM, Lopes MC, Mendes AF: Role of glucose as a modulator of anabolic and catabolic gene expression in normal and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

Two means of glucose transport are noted: facilitative and secondary active transport. (medscape.com)

McNulty AL, Stabler TV, Vail TP, McDaniel GE, Kraus VB: Dehydroascorbate transport in human chondrocytes is regulated by hypoxia and is a physiologically relevant source of ascorbic acid in the joint. (biomedcentral.com)
β-galactosyl-1,4 glucose) is the main source of carbohydrate in human milk and that of other mammals, except for sea lions and walruses which produce low volume, viscous and fatty lactose-free milk. (bmj.com)
Western Blot: Glucose Transporter GLUT8 Antibody [NBP1-59812] - Human Fetal Heart, Antibody Dilution: 1.0 ug/ml. (novusbio.com)

Glucose loss in the urine may vary from a few grams to more than 100g (556 mmol) per day. (medscape.com)

The SU group had higher levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 70, HSP90, and gastrin (GAS) than the non-SU group. (bvsalud.org)

Evidence for the associations between DAT and dopamine related disorders has come from a type of genetic polymorphism , known as a variable number tandem repeat , in the SLC6A3 gene, which influences the amount of protein expressed. (cloudfront.net)

Under normal circumstances, the kidney filters and reabsorbs 100% of glucose, approximately 180 g (1 mole) of glucose, each day. (medscape.com)

Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of a normal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)
In health individuals this equates to a blood glucose concentration of approximately 200mg/dL (11mmol/L), which is believed to be threshold for the appearance of glucosuria. (medscape.com)

The gene was examined in 61 Danish type 2 diabetic patients, and a total of six variants (−27C→T, Ala206Thr, Ala272Ala, IVS2 + 10G→A, IVS4 + 18T→G, and IVS4 + 26G→A) were identified and investigated in an association study, which included 503 type 2 diabetic patients and 510 glucose-tolerant control subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)

It produces glucose by gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)
For example, in Timothy Syndrome the mutation in the gene produces too much of the protein, in this case the L-type calcium channel Cav1.2. (epiphanyasd.com)

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GLUT6

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