IlioFrench FrigatPlasmodiumBurkitt'sHawaii'sFalciparumPopulationsSpeciesIncidenceHawaiianHyperendemicAfricaGenusImmunityPrevalence2002HarborDiseasesMalaria infectionsInfectionZonesKenyaRegionBurkina FasoAdultsCountriesExposureTouristsChildrenStableLavaTransmissionFoundMarine lifeFishDistributionVastStudiesProblemHealthCasesDiseaseRiskEnvironmentGreaterActive
Ilio3
- Ancient Hawaiians called the monk seal 'Ilio holo I ka uaua (dog that runs in rough water). (lahainadivers.com)
- These reefs also support ilio holo i ka uaua, the endangered Hawaiian monk seal. (friendsofhawaiianislands.org)
- Some unique species to the island include the Laysan duck and Laysan finch, endemic insects, and endangered Monk Seals (Ilio holo i ka uaua) and Green Sea Turtles (honu). (friendsofhawaiianislands.org)
French Frigat1
- The remainder of the population live in six main breeding areas in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands at Kure Atoll, Midway Islands, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski Island, Laysan Island and French Frigate Shoals. (lahainadivers.com)
Plasmodium11
- These results do not consider Asymptomatic Plasmodium Carriers (APC), found frequently in holoendemic areas of Africa and Papua New Guinea [ 2 , 3 ], but not in Amazon areas [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Age-related differences in the detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection by PCR and microscopy, in an area of Kenya with holo-endemic malaria. (umassmed.edu)
- Low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among asymptomatic individuals in a highland area of Kenya. (umassmed.edu)
- Stability of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 responses to Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1 and thrombospondin-related adhesive protein in residents of a malaria holoendemic area. (umassmed.edu)
- Low prevalence of antibodies to preerythrocytic but not blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum antigens in an area of unstable malaria transmission compared to prevalence in an area of stable malaria transmission. (umassmed.edu)
- Pooled sera from malaria naïve participants (n = 6) with no Plasmodium infection from malaria non-endemic regions of Kenya was used as negative control. (biomedcentral.com)
- Naturally acquired immunity has been shown to influence malaria drug treatment outcomes by enhancing the efficacy of sub-optimal drug regimen and delaying the emergence of drug resistance, including the artemisinin-based combinations used as the first-line treatment of Plasmodium falciparum in most malaria endemic countries [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- OBJECTIVE: Schistosomiasis remains a chronic disease of global importance, especially in many rural areas of the world where co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum is common. (bvsalud.org)
- Background Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated endemic Burkitt's Lymphoma pediatric cancer is associated with morbidity and mortality among children resident in holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum regions in western Kenya. (ac.ke)
- Background Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in holoendemic transmission areas. (ac.ke)
- Severe malarial anemia (MA) is the primary manifestation of severe malaria among children in areas of holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum transmission. (ac.ke)
Burkitt's3
- Spatial clustering of endemic Burkitt's lymphoma in high-risk regions of Kenya. (umassmed.edu)
- Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, a tumour of children in which B lymphocytes are infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is common in areas of Africa where malaria is holoendemic. (ox.ac.uk)
- This phenomenon offers some explanation for the increased incidence of Burkitt's tumour and the high levels of immunoglobulin found in people living in areas where P. falciparum malaria is common. (ox.ac.uk)
Hawaii's1
- When it comes to seriously connecting with Hawaii's endemic marine life, this package can't be beat! (lahainadivers.com)
Falciparum3
- In these areas P. falciparum corresponds to 10% of malaria cases, while P. vivax is the main parasite found in the patients and remains with high prevalence levels [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- It is now known that many infected patients from falciparum-endemic areas harbor parasites belonging to more than one genotype. (nationalacademies.org)
- and differences in the approaches taken between coupled with an ever-increasing number of travellers to its areas of endemicity, has led to an increasing proportion ofmalaria caused by P. falciparum among international travel- Endemic countries lers returning from trips to malarious areas. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Populations3
- Other examples of holoendemic diseases include ocular trachoma in certain areas in sub-Saharan Africa, where virtually all children in those populations have been infected, and hepatitis B in areas of the Marquesas Islands. (wikipedia.org)
- Toll-like receptor polymorphisms in malaria-endemic populations. (umassmed.edu)
- Mortality rates from SMA can exceed 30% in pediatric populations residing in holoendemic transmission areas. (ijbs.com)
Species12
- Thus, in these areas the clinical immunity observed to P. vivax is not species specific but only strain specific [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Thus, a species can occupy only those areas where the external conditions are within the range of tolerance. (sampleassignment.com)
- A species that has originated recently, i.e. evolutionarily young, has not yet been able to spread to other areas. (sampleassignment.com)
- Such endemics are known as active epibiotic species. (sampleassignment.com)
- At least 33 species of coral, 53 species of subtidal invertebrate, and 75 species of fish (17 endemic) call the reserve home. (onlyinhawaii.org)
- The area near Lehua Crater is also known for its many seabird species, including endangered and endemic species. (lealeatours.com)
- This important reef ecosystem supports the highest number of fish species in the island chain and also serves as a mating area for Nai'a, Hawaiian spinner dolphins. (friendsofhawaiianislands.org)
- The construction of the models identified a potential increase in the coverage area of all analyzed species, with a greater territorial extension for the RCP8.5 scenario. (ethnobioconservation.com)
- Myracrodoun urundeuva , Mimosa tenuiflora and Croton blanchetianus were the species with the lowest potential area growth for the year 2050. (ethnobioconservation.com)
- Hawaiʻi once boasted well over 700 species of endemic land snails, but today nearly 75% of these are extinct and many of the remaining species are endangered. (kealopiko.com)
- 1- The Andes and the mountainous lakes and rivers, around 4000 meters altitude, including the large Lago Titicaca, that are dwelt by the components of the endemic genus Orestias , with 6 to 40 valid species according to authors (Huber, 2001-2002). (killi-data.org)
- Hence it must be assumed, at least until more intensive collecting on Sulawesi reveals otherwise, that this species has a very restricted extent of occurrence, which does not fall into any legally protected areas. (cybertaxonomy.org)
Incidence4
- In children, the Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTc), currently called Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC), was considered effective on malaria control due to the reduction of its incidence in Papua New Guinea and in some areas with seasonal malaria in Africa. (hindawi.com)
- Recently in Papua New Guinea and in African areas where malaria is seasonal, Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) led to a significant reduction on malaria incidence in children [ 19 - 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Endemic EBV-associated BL has an incidence of 5-10/100 000 children and accounts for up to 74% of childhood malignancies in the African equatorial belt. (bmj.com)
- Furthermore, in Bruce-Chwatt [1,2] found that the reported incidence of TTM endemic areas, many of the donors and patients are already increased from six to 145 cases per year. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Hawaiian2
- 'Ōnūnui, 'Ōn ūiki ( Gardner Pinnacles, Pūhāhonu ) is the smallest land mass in the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, covering an area of only 5 acres. (friendsofhawaiianislands.org)
- The Hawaiian tree snails in the endemic subfamily Achatinellinae number over 100, all evolved from a single ancestor! (kealopiko.com)
Hyperendemic1
- Therefore, holoendemic diseases differ from hyperendemic diseases, of which symptoms are expressed equally by members across all age groups of a population. (wikipedia.org)
Africa5
- Yellow fever is common in sub-Saharan Africa (where it is endemic), countries in South America and a few other parts of the world. (passporthealthusa.com)
- Although malaria was once prevalent throughout most of the world, malaria is currently endemic in the tropical zones with extensions into the sub-tropical regions of Asia, Africa, South and Central America. (ijbs.com)
- Current procedures of the integrated urban vector-mosquito control as an example in Cotonou (Benin, West Africa) and Wrocław area (Poland). (org.vn)
- Registration and donation of ivermectin by Merck & Co in 1987 enabled mass treatment with ivermectin in all endemic countries in Africa and the Americas. (biomedcentral.com)
- The American programme(OEPA) operating in onchocerciasis epidemiological settings similar to the mild end of the complex epidemiology of onchocerciasis in Africa, has succeeded in eliminating onchocerciasis from 4 of its 6 endemic countries. (biomedcentral.com)
Genus1
- Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. (lookformedical.com)
Immunity4
- The Dielmo project: a longitudinal study of natural malaria infection and the mechanisms of protective immunity in a community living in a holoendemic area of Senegal. (ajtmh.org)
- This study demonstrates for the first time there is synergy of complement, pre-existing immunity, and drug treatment in younger patients with symptomatic malaria in a high-transmission area. (biomedcentral.com)
- People living in malaria endemic areas acquire natural immunity with age, with faster rates of acquisition occurring in high compared to low transmission settings [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Using GIA, the present study aimed to assess the role of complement and pre-existing immunity in the response to malaria drug treatment in symptomatic patients living in a malaria high-transmission area of western Kenya. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevalence1
- Previous studies showed that APC of P. vivax prevalence was 20% in these areas [ 16 ], and the authors decided to associate Selective Intermittent Preventive Treatment (SIPT). (hindawi.com)
20021
- Van Den Driessche, P. and Watmough, J. (2002) Reproduction Numbers and Subthreshold Endemic Equilibria for Compartmental Models of Disease Transmission. (scirp.org)
Harbor1
- Please use Holo Holo Parking lot only, do not park at the harbor or pier. (lealeatours.com)
Diseases2
- The main health problems endemic, ranging from holoendemic in the are tropical diseases: malaria is top of the south to hypoendemic in the north. (who.int)
- With this freedom to travel, however, comes the The first case of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) risk of exposure to the diseases endemic in different parts was reported in 1911, when intercontinental travel was an of the world. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Malaria infections1
Infection4
- In comparison, adults in such areas have acquired permunition and can more readily resist infection and tolerate various symptoms associated with malaria. (wikipedia.org)
- Early age at time of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection results in poorly controlled viral infection in infants from Western Kenya: clues to the etiology of endemic Burkitt lymphoma. (umassmed.edu)
- It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (lookformedical.com)
- In 2004 therewere five reported deaths in a total of 1660 cases of imported Differentiation of cases of TTM from natural infections is very malaria in the UK (HPA Malaria Reference Laboratory, difficult in endemic areas as malaria occurring post-transfusion can be the result of natural infection via a mosquito bite, Review of worldwide data recorded from 1911 to 1979 by rather than from the transfusion received. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Zones1
- The vaccine is recommended for travel outside urban areas especially in yellow fever endemic zones. (passporthealthusa.com)
Kenya5
- Frequencies of sickle cell trait and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency differ in highland and nearby lowland malaria-endemic areas of Kenya. (umassmed.edu)
- Serological evidence for long-term Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in children living in a holoendemic malaria region of Kenya. (umassmed.edu)
- Identification of a novel variant of LMP-1 of EBV in patients with endemic Burkitt lymphoma in western Kenya. (umassmed.edu)
- This study investigated the role of NAI in response to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), in symptomatic patients living in western Kenya, a high malaria transmission area. (biomedcentral.com)
- METHODS: Levels of IgG antibodies to circumsporozoite protein (CSP), liver-stage antigen type 1 (LSA-1), and thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) were measured in 86 children in a malaria-holoendemic area of Kenya. (umassmed.edu)
Region4
- Exploring the role narrative free-text plays in discrepancies between physician coding and the InterVA regarding determination of malaria as cause of death, in a malaria holo-endemic region. (uni-heidelberg.de)
- Briefly, Kisumu County is a malaria holoendemic lake region with intense malaria transmission through-out the year, with annual entomological inoculation rates (EIR) of 31.1 infected bite per year [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- It is the ecological state wherein a taxon is restricted in geographical distribution to a specified area or region. (sampleassignment.com)
- West Nile virus emerged in the Americas, becoming endemic throughout the region (Campbell, et al. (articlesng.com)
Burkina Faso1
- Cause of death distribution with InterVA and physician coding in a rural area of Burkina Faso. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Adults2
- Frequencies from 10% to 40% APC were found in adults living in different riverside areas of Madeira River, in Rondônia state [ 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Because the yellow fever vaccine is very safe and the disease risk is high, the CDC recommends this vaccine for adults and children over 9 months who will be traveling to high-risk areas. (passporthealthusa.com)
Countries4
- In non-endemic countries, donor deferral can be effective, but clear guidelinesare needed. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
- In endemic countries the problem is far greater as the majority of donorsmay be potentially infected with malaria parasites. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
- In non-endemic countries,donor deferral in combination with screening for specific antimalarial immunoglobulinprovides an effective means of minimizing the risk of transmission. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
- In endemic countries,more specific donor questioning, consideration of seasonal variation and geographicaldistribution may help to identify the population of donors who are most likely to beinfected. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Exposure2
- Exposure to holoendemic malaria results in elevated Epstein-Barr virus loads in children. (umassmed.edu)
- Exposure to holoendemic malaria results in suppression of Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cell immunosurveillance in Kenyan children. (umassmed.edu)
Tourists2
- Fatal cases of yellow fever have occurred in unvaccinated tourists visiting areas within the yellow fever endemic zone. (passporthealthusa.com)
- But because they may stay in rural areas not often visited by tourists or business people, live in homes, and eat and drink with their families, they are at higher risk of many travel-related illnesses (see Chapter 9 , Visiting Friends & Relatives: VFR Travel). (unboundmedicine.com)
Children1
- Children with endemic Burkitt lymphoma are deficient in EBNA1-specific IFN-gamma T cell responses. (umassmed.edu)
Stable1
- If R o >1 , there exists a unique endemic equilibrium which is globally stable and the disease persists. (scirp.org)
Lava1
- The coast line is mostly made up of lava rocks intermixed with corals because this is where the lava flowed when Mt. Haleakala erupted in 1790 and covered this entire area. (onlyinhawaii.org)
Transmission2
- In holoendemic transmission areas, SMA is the primary clinical manifestation of severe childhood malaria, with cerebral malaria occurring only in rare cases. (ijbs.com)
- Though vector control proved very successful in controlling onchocerciasis and even interrupting transmission in the core area of the OCP, the method could not be extended elsewhere because of the high cost of implementation as well as the topography of other areas which made access and aerial spraying of complex breeding sites technically difficult if not outright impossible. (biomedcentral.com)
Found3
- In the same areas, relapses frequency of 6.5% was found after complete treatment with chloroquine (CQ) plus primaquine (PQ) for 14 days, and of 26.7% after the same treatment for 7 days [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The monk seal is endemic to Hawaii- they are found no where else in the world. (lahainadivers.com)
- The Nihoa finch is endemic to this small island, found nowhere else in the world. (friendsofhawaiianislands.org)
Marine life1
- Also be advised that this area is protected and removal of any marine life, coral or rocks is strictly prohibited. (onlyinhawaii.org)
Fish1
- Being a protected area, it is illegal to catch any fish or marine creatures here. (onlyinhawaii.org)
Distribution1
- Burkitt lymphoma (BL) can be classified into three forms which differ in geographic distribution and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) association: endemic (eBL), sporadic (sBL) and HIV-associated BL ( table 1 ). (bmj.com)
Vast1
- It employed vector control and accumulated lots of knowledge on the dynamics of onchocerciasis elimination over a wide range of epidemiological settings in the vast expanse of its core area. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies1
- However, recent studies show the presence of APC in several areas of the Brazilian Amazon [ 6 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Problem1
Health1
- The previous 10 years strategic plan, had made some progress in the areas of health and development, however a lot remains to be acheived. (who.int)
Cases1
- In Brazil 99% of malaria cases occur in Amazon areas. (hindawi.com)
Disease3
- A disease is holoendemic when essentially every individual in a population is infected. (wikipedia.org)
- The yellow fever vaccine provides protection against the virus for travelers and those living in areas where the disease is present. (passporthealthusa.com)
- Ensuring that, in non-endemiccountries, the blood supply is free from malaria is problematical, especially as travelto malarious areas is increasing and there is some spread of the disease into newareas, as well as a resurgence of malaria in areas where previously it had been eradi-cated. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Risk3
- Note:"In the study area, like other holoendemic areas, youth is a risk factor for malaria. (wikipedia.org)
- X-rays or other types of ionizing in much higher dosage, are used to and there is excess risk of B-cel radiation, immunosuppression is maintain the functional and anatom- non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) when most pronounced if the entire body, ical integrity of foreign tissues graft- immunosuppression is accompanied rather than a limited area, is irra- ed onto another individual, such as by continuing immune stimulation diated. (who.int)
- The basic idea behind the remotely sensed assessment of malaria determinants is to define environmental parameters that can be used to identify areas with increased risk. (biomedcentral.com)
Environment1
- Family environment is associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma: a population-based case-control study. (umassmed.edu)
Greater1
- On an unusually hot, dry Saturday afternoon the veld caught flared up suddenly in a number of places across the greater metropolitan area. (johncomaroff.com)
Active1
- In some areas trachoma is holoendemic-every child acquires active trachoma and every adult shows evidence of conjunctival scarring. (wikipedia.org)