SynthaseCitrate lyaseACPSLyaseEscherichiaEnzymeAcyl carrierCoenzymeTransferaseTranscobalaminSynthetaseTransferrinCharacterizationPeptidylGenePhosphopantetheineReactionBoundComplexBindsAlbuminExtracellularInteractionsMembraneConformationalStructuresAnticancerExperimental DataSpeciesBiochemicalReliesTransporterActivityZincFamilyFormTransferasesInteractionDynamicsStructureSmallPreviouslyFunction
Synthase8
- In enzymology and molecular biology, a holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase (ACPS, EC 2.7.8.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: CoA-[4'-phosphopantetheine] + apo-acyl carrier protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + holo-acyl carrier protein This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring non-standard substituted phosphate groups. (wikipedia.org)
- Other names in common use, disregarding the synthetase/synthase spelling difference, include acyl carrier protein holoprotein synthetase, holo-ACP synthetase, coenzyme A:fatty acid synthetase apoenzyme 4'-phosphopantetheine, acyl carrier protein synthetase (ACPS), PPTase, acyl carrier protein synthase, P-pant transferase, and CoA:apo-[acyl-carrier-protein] pantetheinephosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- Dihydromonacolin L acid is synthesized while bound to an acyl-carrier protein domain of the lovastatin nonaketide synthase (EC 2.3.1.161 ). (genome.jp)
- citrate lyase holo-[acyl-carrier protein] synthase (EC 2.7.7.61). (lbl.gov)
- Both the precursor and mature forms are substrates for phosphopantetheine attachment by a soluble chloroplast holo-acyl carrier protein synthase. (uchicago.edu)
- Acyl carrier protein (ACP) import into chloroplasts does not require the phosphopantetheine: evidence for a chloroplast holo-ACP synthase. (uchicago.edu)
- Cpr37, which belongs to the adenylation domain protein in the nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), subsequently activates PABA and loads it to holo-Cpr36 Two proteins Cpr34 and Cpr35 work in concert to catalyze decarboxylative condensation between a thioester linked PABA and malonyl- S -acyl carrier protein (ACP) during aromatic polyketide biosynthesis catalyzed by type II polyketide synthases. (uky.edu)
- We found that sphingomyelin is enriched in migrasomes and identified sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) as an essential protein for migrasome biogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Citrate lyase2
- Catalyzes the formation of 2-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'- dephosphocoenzyme-A, the precursor of the prosthetic group of the holo- acyl carrier protein (gamma chain) of citrate lyase, from ATP and dephospho-CoA. (string-db.org)
- Transfers 2-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephosphocoenzyme-A on a serine residue to the apo-acyl carrier protein (gamma chain) of the citrate lyase to yield holo-acyl carrier protein. (string-db.org)
ACPS2
- All ACPS enzymes known so far are evolutionally related to each other in a single superfamily of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- This post-translational modification renders holo-ACP capable of acyl group activation via thioesterification of the cysteamine thiol of 4'-PP. This superfamily consists of two subtypes: the trimeric ACPS type such as E. coli ACPS and the monomeric Sfp (PCP-synthesizing) type such as B. subtilis SFP. (wikipedia.org)
Lyase1
- Cpr12, encoded by a gene that was originally proposed to be outside the gene cluster and sharing similarity to proteins annotated as ADC lyase, was revealed to catalyze the elimination of pyruvate to form PABA. (uky.edu)
Escherichia2
- LpxD from Escherichia coli prefers (R,S)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl- carrier protein] over (R,S)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. (cathdb.info)
- The codon table used was the FreqB table from " Design Parameters to Control Synthetic Gene Expression in Escherichia coli ", which was used because it was shown to express proteins well and was recommended to us by JCVI. (freegenes.org)
Enzyme6
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is CoA-[4'-phosphopantetheine]:apo-[acyl-carrier-protein] 4'-pantetheinephosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.191, UDP-3-O-acyl-glucosamine N-acyltransferase, UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase, acyltransferase LpxD, acyl-ACP:UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxyacyl)-GlcN N-acyltransferase, firA (gene), lpxD (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name (3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-(acyl-carrier protein):UDP-3-O-((3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine N-acetyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- The adenylation domain of the enzyme catalyzes the activation of L-arginine to (L-arginyl)adenylate, followed by the transfer of the activated compound to the free thiol of a phosphopantetheine arm of a peptidyl-carrier protein domain. (expasy.org)
- GapMind searches the predicted proteins for candidates by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) to find similarities to characterized proteins or by using HMMer to find similarities to enzyme models (usually from TIGRFams ). (lbl.gov)
- Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam ). (lbl.gov)
- In the human body, iron is present in all cells and has several vital functions -- as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin (Hb), as a facilitator of oxygen use and storage in the muscles as myoglobin, as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and as an integral part of enzyme reactions in various tissues. (cdc.gov)
Acyl carrier8
- It transfers a 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'-PP) moiety from coenzyme A (CoA) to an invariant serine in an acyl carrier protein (ACP), a small protein responsible for acyl group activation in fatty acid biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Acyl carrier protein. (wikipedia.org)
- Acyl carrier proteins are critical components of fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis. (rsc.org)
- Selectivity for the holo over apo -form of acyl carrier proteins is demonstrated indicating that only the phosphopantetheine - thiol is modified. (rsc.org)
- 3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + UDP-3-O-((3R)- hydroxytetradecanoyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-2-N,3-O-bis((3R)-3- hydroxytetradecanoyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine + a holo-[acyl-carrier- protein]. (cathdb.info)
- Acyl carrier protein import into chloroplasts. (uchicago.edu)
- Lipoate protein ligase B primarily recognizes the C8-phosphopantetheine arm of its donor substrate and weakly binds the acyl carrier protein. (du.ac.in)
- Activation of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain of the SwfA protein to its holo-form by co-expression with Svp is the first functional proof of swf type genes in marine sponges. (cirn-na.com)
Coenzyme1
- straightforward off-column capillary electrophoretic (CE) assay for measuring acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase holoenzyme (holo-ACC) activity and inhibition originated. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Transferase1
- We further demonstrate that this conformational diversity is an essential prerequisite for the directed movement of the 4'-PP cofactor and its interaction with externally acting proteins such as thioesterases and 4'-PP transferase. (rcsb.org)
Transcobalamin1
- In a pilot randomized controlled trial of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and MET, whose participants were characterized by different components of metabolic syndrome, we tested the effect of MET on serum levels of B 12 , holo transcobalamin II (holo-TC-II), and methylmalonic acid (MMA). (mdpi.com)
Synthetase2
- Inherent to synthetase chemistry is the thioester templated mechanism that relies on protein/protein interactions and interdomain dynamics. (rcsb.org)
- Here we report the structure of the epimerization domain/peptidyl carrier protein didomain construct from the first module of the cyclic peptide antibiotic gramicidin synthetase. (rcsb.org)
Transferrin1
- There are very low levels of free zinc in plasma, since it is mostly bound to proteins such as albumin, alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and transferrin. (frontiersin.org)
Characterization1
- Here we present the functional assignment and biochemical characterization of seven proteins, Cpr33-38 and Cpr12, that initiate the biosynthesis of the polyamide. (uky.edu)
Peptidyl1
- The peptidyl-carrier protein domain may be part of the same protein, or of a different protein. (expasy.org)
Gene2
- There are many possible applications for these genes: you could try to recreate essential gene pathways in-vitro, or purify the proteins for functional studies, or create a synthetic MoClo-compatible Bacillus subtilis genome using these genes and the sgRNAs available from the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center. (freegenes.org)
- Phylogenetic analysis of the cif protein, which is encoded by the cif gene, shows that the evolution of cifA and cifB is related to each other. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphopantetheine1
- Both apo-PCP (without the bound 4'-phosphopantetheine cofactor) and holo-PCP exist in two different stable conformations. (rcsb.org)
Reaction1
- In 1992, Saito and co-workers showed that the reaction of holo-NCS with small thiols, such as β-mercaptoethanol (BME), takes a different course, to form a product that is formally a 1:1:1 adduct of thiol, 1, and water. (caltech.edu)
Bound1
- The chromophore displays marked nonlinearity of the triple bonds and is bound noncovalently in a pocket formed by the two protein domains. (caltech.edu)
Complex1
- Structures of the protein-chromophore complex and the apoprotein form of neocarzinostatin were determined at 1.8 angstrom resolution. (caltech.edu)
Binds1
- In cytoplasm, zinc mostly binds zinc-chelating proteins called metallothioneins (MTs). (frontiersin.org)
Albumin2
- Chicken egg albumin, or ovalbumin, is the major protein constituent of egg whites. (yunbangpharm.com)
- Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that chicken egg albumin denatures at 84 °C.Ovalbumin can be used as a carrier protein to conjugate to synthetic peptides for use as an immunogen. (yunbangpharm.com)
Extracellular1
- Bacterial siderophores are small molecules with unmatched capacity to scavenge iron from proteins and the extracellular milieu, where it mostly occurs as insoluble Fe 3+ . (biomedcentral.com)
Interactions3
- In drug discovery, efficient screening of protein-drug interactions (PDIs) is hampered by the limitations of current biophysical approaches. (nature.com)
- Using this YaxAB nanopore, we demonstrate label-free, single-molecule detection of interactions between the anticancer Bcl-xL protein and small-molecule drugs as well as the Bak-BH3 peptide. (nature.com)
- Although protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are promising targets, drugging them is one of the key challenges in drug discovery 19 . (nature.com)
Membrane1
- membrane associated protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Conformational1
- The CusB protein is part of the CusCBA periplasmic Cu(I) efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria, and it was recently reported to play a key role in the functioning of the whole CusCBA system, in which conformational changes as well as the assembly/disassembly process control the opening of the transporter. (biorxiv.org)
Structures1
- Both holo (phosphopantethiene post-translationally modified) and apo structures were determined, each representing catalytically relevant conformations of the two domains. (rcsb.org)
Anticancer1
- Oncogenic Ras genes and the G-proteins which they encode are important targets for anticancer research. (caltech.edu)
Experimental Data1
- Hits to curated proteins without experimental data as to their function are never considered high confidence. (lbl.gov)
Species1
- P. knowlesi carriers were significantly younger than those infected with other malaria parasite species. (cdc.gov)
Biochemical1
- Their ability to function as potent inhibitors of oligosaccharide synthesis in eukaryotic cells has established them as unique biochemical probes of the role of glycosylation on protein structure and function. (caltech.edu)
Relies1
- GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. (lbl.gov)
Transporter1
- Internal zinc homeostasis is regulated by the cooperative activities of two metal transporter protein families. (frontiersin.org)
Activity2
- In their oncogenic form, the natural GTP-ase activity of Ras proteins is inhibited, leading to overstimulation of the signaling pathway for cell growth. (caltech.edu)
- Neocarzinostatin is composed of a labile chromophore with DNA-cleaving activity and a stabilizing protein. (caltech.edu)
Zinc1
- For instance, most labile zinc in the body is absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells via SLC39a4 protein, and excessive zinc is excreted through the kidneys, and the intestine via SLC39a5 ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Family4
- Uncharacterised protein family UPF0052 [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Conserved hypothetical protein, UPF0052 family. (ntu.edu.sg)
- UPF0178 family protein. (string-db.org)
- One family consists of 10 solute-linked carrier 30 (SLC30 or ZnT) exporters, and the other family consists of 14 solute-linked carrier 39 (SLC39 or ZIP) importers ( 10 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Form2
- We show that one of the apo conformations and one of the holo conformations are identical, whereas the two remaining conformations are only detectable by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in either the apo or holo form. (rcsb.org)
- Cpr36 is demonstrated to function as a free-standingpeptidyl carrier protein (PCP), which is activated to form holo-protein from the apo-form. (uky.edu)
Transferases1
- 4'-Phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) play an essential role in activating the carrier protein domains of mega-synthases involved in primary and secondary metabolism and have been validated as promising drug targets in multiple pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
Interaction1
- The therapeutic efficacy of drugs is mediated by physical interaction with their cognate targets (mainly proteins). (nature.com)
Dynamics1
- Protein dynamics plays an important role in protein function. (rcsb.org)
Structure2
- CATH: Protein Structure Classification Database by I. Sillitoe, N. Dawson, T. Lewis, D. Lee, J. Lees, C. Orengo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License . (cathdb.info)
- The long funnel-shaped structure and nanofluidic characteristics of the YaxAB nanopore enable the electro-osmotic trapping of diverse folded proteins and high-resolution monitoring of PDIs. (nature.com)
Small1
- Small molecules capable of acylating this prosthetic group will provide a simple and reversible means of introducing novel functionality onto carrier protein domains. (rsc.org)
Previously1
- 108°56′E) is a commune with ≈3,000 inhabitants, mainly of the Raglai ethnic minority, who live between the forested foothills on the east side of the Truong Son mountain range in south-central Vietnam (Khanh Hoa Province), an area where malaria was previously hyper- to holo-endemic ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Function1
- Ras proteins have been implicated to function as components of the cellular signal transduction pathways related to cell proliferation and differentiation. (caltech.edu)