SynthaseEscherichiaFattySuperfamilyGenomeCatalyzesAmino acidReactionComplexGeneTransferaseFunctionalChainPathwayTargetsBiosynthesisStepSearchDatabaseEssentialRoleACPSRecombinant proteinsPutativeReductaseSubstrateMoietyCoenzymeHeterologousSignaling moleculesToxic proteinsRibosomalMitochondrialCysteineLigaseComplexesRegulateMolecularGenesDefectsStructuresFamilyClusterInteractionsGroupStructureFoundExpressionPlaysTypeProvideFusionFunctionPresentClassSystemCells
Synthase4
- In enzymology and molecular biology, a holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase (ACPS, EC 2.7.8.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: CoA-[4'-phosphopantetheine] + apo-acyl carrier protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + holo-acyl carrier protein This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring non-standard substituted phosphate groups. (wikipedia.org)
- Other names in common use, disregarding the synthetase/synthase spelling difference, include acyl carrier protein holoprotein synthetase, holo-ACP synthetase, coenzyme A:fatty acid synthetase apoenzyme 4'-phosphopantetheine, acyl carrier protein synthetase (ACPS), PPTase, acyl carrier protein synthase, P-pant transferase, and CoA:apo-[acyl-carrier-protein] pantetheinephosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- The enzyme is capable of transferring the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety of coenzyme A to a conserved serine residue in both the acyl carrier protein domain of the human cytosolic multifunctional fatty acid synthase and the acyl carrier protein associated independently with human mitochondria. (rhea-db.org)
- citrate lyase holo-[acyl-carrier protein] synthase (EC 2.7.7.61). (lbl.gov)
Escherichia2
- LpxD from Escherichia coli prefers (R,S)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl- carrier protein] over (R,S)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. (cathdb.info)
- The codon table used was the FreqB table from " Design Parameters to Control Synthetic Gene Expression in Escherichia coli ", which was used because it was shown to express proteins well and was recommended to us by JCVI. (freegenes.org)
Fatty1
- It transfers a 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'-PP) moiety from coenzyme A (CoA) to an invariant serine in an acyl carrier protein (ACP), a small protein responsible for acyl group activation in fatty acid biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Superfamily2
- All ACPS enzymes known so far are evolutionally related to each other in a single superfamily of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- This post-translational modification renders holo-ACP capable of acyl group activation via thioesterification of the cysteamine thiol of 4'-PP. This superfamily consists of two subtypes: the trimeric ACPS type such as E. coli ACPS and the monomeric Sfp (PCP-synthesizing) type such as B. subtilis SFP. (wikipedia.org)
Genome2
- GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. (lbl.gov)
- There are many possible applications for these genes: you could try to recreate essential gene pathways in-vitro, or purify the proteins for functional studies, or create a synthetic MoClo-compatible Bacillus subtilis genome using these genes and the sgRNAs available from the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center. (freegenes.org)
Catalyzes1
- The enzyme catalyzes a step of lipid A biosynthesis. (cathdb.info)
Amino acid1
- Both BPs and Muddy become TPP-independent through single amino acid substitutions in their tail spike proteins, and M. abscessus mutants resistant to TPP-independent phages reveal additional resistance mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
Reaction1
- In 1992, Saito and co-workers showed that the reaction of holo-NCS with small thiols, such as β-mercaptoethanol (BME), takes a different course, to form a product that is formally a 1:1:1 adduct of thiol, 1, and water. (caltech.edu)
Complex1
- Structures of the protein-chromophore complex and the apoprotein form of neocarzinostatin were determined at 1.8 angstrom resolution. (caltech.edu)
Gene1
- Phylogenetic analysis of the cif protein, which is encoded by the cif gene, shows that the evolution of cifA and cifB is related to each other. (biomedcentral.com)
Transferase1
- The human 4'-phosphopantetheine transferase is also capable of phosphopantetheinylation of peptidyl carrier and acyl carrier proteins from prokaryotes. (rhea-db.org)
Functional1
- Functional reintegration into lipid environments represents a major challenge for in vitro investigation of integral membrane proteins (IMPs). (tudelft.nl)
Chain1
- The tunicamycins are a family of natural products represented generally by structure 1, wherein R indicates one of several long-chain branched, linear, saturated or unsaturated acyl substituents. (caltech.edu)
Pathway1
- In their oncogenic form, the natural GTP-ase activity of Ras proteins is inhibited, leading to overstimulation of the signaling pathway for cell growth. (caltech.edu)
Targets2
- Therapeutic enzymes as non-conventional targets in cardiovascular impairments: A comprehensive review. (du.ac.in)
- Oncogenic Ras genes and the G-proteins which they encode are important targets for anticancer research. (caltech.edu)
Biosynthesis1
- Using fluorescence microscopy approaches, we investigated the subcellular localization of MmpL3 and MmpL10, respectively involved in the export of mycolic acids and TPP, in growing cells and their colocalization with Wag31, a protein playing a critical role in regulating peptidoglycan biosynthesis in mycobacteria. (bvsalud.org)
Step1
- Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam ). (lbl.gov)
Search1
- Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule. (rhea-db.org)
Database1
- CATH: Protein Structure Classification Database by I. Sillitoe, N. Dawson, T. Lewis, D. Lee, J. Lees, C. Orengo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License . (cathdb.info)
Essential1
- It is produced by the actions of the enzyme lysyl oxidase in the extracellular matrix and is essential in the crosslink formation that stabilizes collagen and elastin. (hmdb.ca)
Role1
- Their ability to function as potent inhibitors of oligosaccharide synthesis in eukaryotic cells has established them as unique biochemical probes of the role of glycosylation on protein structure and function. (caltech.edu)
ACPS5
- All ACPS enzymes known so far are evolutionally related to each other in a single superfamily of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- This post-translational modification renders holo-ACP capable of acyl group activation via thioesterification of the cysteamine thiol of 4'-PP. This superfamily consists of two subtypes: the trimeric ACPS type such as E. coli ACPS and the monomeric Sfp (PCP-synthesizing) type such as B. subtilis SFP. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, our data imply that restoring lipoylation in mtFAS deficient yeast strains is not sufficient to support respiration and that long chain acyl-ACPs generated by mtFAS are required for mitochondrial function. (nature.com)
- Acyl-ACPs form complexes with adapter proteins that contain a leucine-tyrosine-arginine motif (LYRM) 6 . (nature.com)
- We are interested in studying the function of these long-chain acyl groups synthesized by mtFAS and associated with ACPs. (nature.com)
Recombinant proteins3
- This study provides a promising method for improvement of the insoluble expression of recombinant proteins. (bvsalud.org)
- Fusion expression is widely employed to enhance the solubility of recombinant proteins. (bvsalud.org)
- The enterocin enzymes holo-EncC26 EncA-EncB26 EncD6 and EncN27 from had been ready as His-tagged recombinant proteins as previously defined6 26 The plasmid encoding FabD was supplied by Teacher K. A. Reynolds. (cell-metabolism.com)
Putative3
- 10614) putative ABC transport system permease protein BBZA01000001 CDS ARMA_0010 complement(10625. (go.jp)
- 11353) putative ABC transport system ATP-binding protein BBZA01000001 CDS ARMA_0011 complement(11350. (go.jp)
- protein_coding" "AAC73829","ybgE","Escherichia coli","putative inner membrane protein in cydABX-ybgE operon [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Reductase1
- 14478 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase fabG BBZA01000001 CDS ARMA_0014 complement(14430. (go.jp)
Substrate3
- This enzyme catalyzes the transacylation of malonate from MALONYL CoA to activated holo-ACP, to generate malonyl-(acyl-carrier protein), which is an elongation substrate in FATTY ACIDS biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
- The enzyme catalyzes the exchange of [32P]pyrophosphate with ATP, dependent upon aromatic substrate with a turnover number of 340 min-1. (rhea-db.org)
- Frequently used approaches are heterologous expression of enzymes with different substrate specificity, generation of parallel alternative metabolic pathways or engineering of catalytic properties of endogenous enzymes of these pathways in the organisms used as biofactories. (nature.com)
Moiety4
- It transfers a 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'-PP) moiety from coenzyme A (CoA) to an invariant serine in an acyl carrier protein (ACP), a small protein responsible for acyl group activation in fatty acid biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Also, the phosphopantetheinyl moiety of coenzyme A is required for the biological activity of several proteins , including the acyl-carrier protein involved in fatty acid synthesis. (oregonstate.edu)
- The 4'-phosphopantetheinyl moiety of coenzyme A can be transferred to enzymes in which 4'-phosphopantetheine is an essential cofactor for their biological activities (see 4'-phosphopantetheinylation ). (oregonstate.edu)
- MtFAS follows the prokaryotic type II mode where individual enzymatic steps are carried out by separate enzymes (Fig. 1a ) Acyl groups synthesized by mtFAS are linked to 4-phosphopantetheine moiety of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) via a thioester bond. (nature.com)
Coenzyme4
- Coenzyme A reacts with acyl groups, giving rise to thioester derivatives, such as acetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA. (oregonstate.edu)
- Coenzyme A and its acyl derivatives are required for reactions that generate energy from the degradation of dietary fat, carbohydrates , and proteins . (oregonstate.edu)
- Most acetylated proteins in the body have been modified by the addition of an acetate group that was donated by the coenzyme A thioester derivative, acetyl-CoA. (oregonstate.edu)
- use ACYLTRANSFERASES 1973-1979, use COENZYME A & PHOSPHOLIPIDS 1973-1978 MH - 1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase UI - D050842 MN - D8.811.682.662.693 MS - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-GLUTAMATE in the presence of NAD. (nih.gov)
Heterologous2
- We reasoned a facile hydrolytic stress BL21 (DE3) (New Britain Biolabs Ipswich MA USA) and TK24 had been employed for heterologous proteins appearance. (cell-metabolism.com)
- The most convenient model to investigate basic aspects of mtFAS function is yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , serving as a fast read-out system and the function of a deleted yeast mtFAS enzyme can be replaced by counterparts from heterologous sources 14 , 15 . (nature.com)
Signaling molecules1
- Also, protein acetylation, like other posttranslational modifications, has been shown to regulate the subcellular localization, the function, and the half-life of many signaling molecules, transcription factors , and enzymes . (oregonstate.edu)
Toxic proteins2
- IMPORTANCE Fusion tag-induced formation of inclusion bodies provides a powerful means to express unstructured or toxic proteins. (bvsalud.org)
- This SUMO-sortase fusion system is a simple, robust, and inexpensive one-step purification approach for various MTs as well as other toxic proteins with very high yield via immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). (biomedcentral.com)
Ribosomal2
- Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and ribosomal proteins are assembled in a stepwise manner involving a plethora of protein and RNA effectors. (encyclopedia.pub)
- 23209 ribosomal protein S12 methylthiotransferase rimO BBZA01000003 CDS ARMA_0051 23344. (go.jp)
Mitochondrial2
- The existence of iron-sulfur cluster proteins was investigated through various sources such as photosynthetic organisms, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, mammalian mitochondrial codons. (alliedacademies.org)
- Acyl-ACP-LYRM protein complexes facilitate assembly of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. (nature.com)
Cysteine3
- Mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) are small (6-7 kDa), intracellular, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins involved, inter alia, in the homeostasis of zinc and copper, detoxification of heavy metals, antioxidation against reactive oxygen species, and protection against DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
- The high cysteine content (~ 30%) in MTs makes them toxic to bacterial cells during protein production, resulting in low yield. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of small (6-7 kDa), intracellular, cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Ligase1
- Subcloning, expression, and purification of the enterobactin biosynthetic enzyme 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-AMP ligase: demonstration of enzyme-bound (2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)adenylate product. (rhea-db.org)
Complexes1
- First, the pocket, conservation, structural and energy profiles, and physicochemical properties of (non)covalently bound cysteines were collected from both protein sequences and 3D structures of protein-ligand complexes. (uni-freiburg.de)
Regulate3
- AN - coordinate IM with ADENOMA (IM) HN - 2006 BX - Corticotroph Adenoma BX - Pituitary Adenoma, ACTH-Secreting BX - Pituitary Corticotropin-Secreting Adenoma MH - Actin Capping Proteins UI - D051344 MN - D5.750.78.730.32 MN - D12.776.220.525.32 MS - Actin capping proteins are cytoskeletal proteins that bind to the ends of ACTIN FILAMENTS to regulate actin polymerization. (nih.gov)
- The stability and transfer of Fe-S clusters mediated by proteins like NAF-1 regulate cellular resistance to oxidative stress. (alliedacademies.org)
- CRP appears to interact with the Sxy protein to regulate some genes related to DNA uptake (natural competence). (unam.mx)
Molecular2
- HN - 2006(1981) BX - Actin-Capping Proteins MH - Actin Depolymerizing Factors UI - D051339 MN - D5.750.78.730.212 MN - D12.776.220.525.212 MS - A family of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT actin-binding proteins found throughout eukaryotes. (nih.gov)
- The protein is an alpha 2 dimer with subunit molecular mass of 59 kDa. (rhea-db.org)
Genes1
- The KEGG pathway database again does not provide any known genes for this enzyme. (ens-lyon.fr)
Defects1
- Defects in the enzyme are the cause of hyperprolinemia II. (nih.gov)
Structures1
- Although naked single-stranded RNAs can be cleaved by various RNases, the processing of stable dsRNA structures requires specialized RNase III domain (RIIID)-containing enzymes. (encyclopedia.pub)
Family1
- The NEET family protein NAF-1 plays emerging roles in iron homeostasis, autophagy, cell death pathways, and regulating cellular resistance to oxidative stress. (alliedacademies.org)
Cluster1
- Modulating proteins involved in Fe-S cluster transfer represents a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. (alliedacademies.org)
Interactions1
- The acetylation of histones was found to result in structural changes of the chromatin, which affect both DNA -protein and protein-protein interactions. (oregonstate.edu)
Group1
- Initially in the 1960s, information about them was at the level of a group of unknown proteins that contained iron atoms and had a role in redox functions. (alliedacademies.org)
Structure3
- Protein acetylation alters the overall charge of proteins, modifying their three-dimensional structure and, potentially, their function. (oregonstate.edu)
- However, removal of the fusion tag is often required due to its potential impact on the structure and activity of passenger proteins. (bvsalud.org)
- The result of these findings showed that the active site does not necessarily have to have a protein structure ( Figure 1 ). (alliedacademies.org)
Found1
- Another enzyme not found is thiamin monophosphate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3. (ens-lyon.fr)
Expression2
- Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ancient, versatile protein cofactors that are critical for various cellular processes including electron transfer, regulation of gene expression, and metabolism. (alliedacademies.org)
- The SUMO/sortase-based strategy used as the production system for MT3 resulted in a very high expression level and protein production yield. (biomedcentral.com)
Plays1
- Especially in the drug discovery field, knowledge of how small molecules associate with proteins plays a fundamental role in understanding how drugs or metabolites can affect cells, tissues, and human metabolism. (uni-freiburg.de)
Type1
- 14787 ABC-2 type transport system ATP-binding protein BBZA01000002 CDS ARMA_0027 14784. (go.jp)
Provide2
- Applying structural knowledge, computer aided design and tools that allow in vivo testing of engineered variants provide avenues towards tailoring enzymes to exhibit desired properties. (nature.com)
- It is anticipated that HyperCys will be an effective tool for discovering new potential reactive cysteines in a wide range of nucleophilic proteins and will provide an important contribution to the design of targeted covalent inhibitors with high potency and selectivity. (uni-freiburg.de)
Fusion2
- HlyD membrane-fusion protein of T1SS, Barrel-sandwich domain of CusB or HlyD membrane-fusion [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- In the final strategy, the fusion protein His 6 -SUMO-eSrtA-LPETG-MT3 was expressed and purified by one-step sortase-mediated inducible on-bead autocleavage. (biomedcentral.com)
Function2
- It is most likely that due to the unclear nature of this enzyme that a candidate gene has not been assigned to this function yet. (ens-lyon.fr)
- Aside from commercial value, appropriately designed proteins can also be helpful in the dissection of the physiological function of particular pathways. (nature.com)
Present1
- However, growth experiments show that this gene (and the encoded enzyme) is likely to be present (19). (ens-lyon.fr)
Class1
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is CoA-[4'-phosphopantetheine]:apo-[acyl-carrier-protein] 4'-pantetheinephosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
System1
- 41314) energy-coupling factor transport system permease protein ecfT BBZA01000003 CDS ARMA_0064 complement(41356. (go.jp)
Cells1
- In cells, RNAs are protected by RNA-binding proteins (RBP) and RNA chaperones and are processed by ribonucleases (RNases). (encyclopedia.pub)