• [ 6 ] Some hypotheses implicate modified self-antigens and/or infectious agents in the pathogenesis of MCTD. (medscape.com)
  • bacterial or viral similarity with self-antigens (molecular mimicry) leading to production of cross-reactive antibodies. (pocketdentistry.com)
  • One reason for the diversity of this group is that B15 is among a group of alleles enriched in the original humans that left Africa and dispersed across East Asia and Australia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) typing is an essential tool in understanding genetic susceptibility to diseases, as it identifies specific alleles associated with various disease states. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • Due to the high polymorphism of the HLA-B gene, it is essential to employ HLA typing techniques to pinpoint specific alleles associated with various disease states. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • HLA typing is a method that identifies specific HLA alleles or groups of alleles to predict the genetic susceptibility of an individual to certain diseases. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • HLA-B gene variants also influence susceptibility to infectious diseases, as these alleles can determine the effectiveness of an individual's immune response to pathogens. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • HLA typing plays a vital role in transplantation medicine, as the compatibility between donor and recipient HLA alleles can significantly impact transplant success. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • Despite its clinical utility, HLA typing faces several challenges, including the high degree of polymorphism, the presence of rare or novel alleles, and the difficulty in distinguishing between closely related alleles. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • By identifying specific HLA alleles, healthcare providers can better predict disease susceptibility, tailor treatment strategies, and improve patient outcomes. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • The length of HLA-I ligands typically ranges from 8 to 12 aa, but variability is observed across different HLA-I alleles. (aai.org)
  • In this study we collected recent in-depth HLA peptidomics data, including 12 newly generated HLA peptidomes (31,896 unique peptides) from human meningioma samples, to analyze the peptide length distribution and multiple specificity across 84 different HLA-I alleles. (aai.org)
  • We observed a clear clustering of HLA-I alleles with distinct peptide length distributions, which enabled us to study the structural basis of peptide length distributions and predict peptide length distributions from HLA-I sequences. (aai.org)
  • The serotype identifies the B*15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B. B15 is a broad antigen and can be subdivided into several split antigens that are often used in characterization. (wikipedia.org)
  • The secret lies with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or protein markers that signal the immune system. (focustechnica.com)
  • The peptide NQK-Q8 (light color), a piece of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that the virus uses to enter cells, bound to the HLA-B*15:01 groove (orange). (focustechnica.com)
  • The HLA-B gene, located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on Chromosome 6 , encodes for the HLA-B protein, a critical component of the immune system. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • The accuracy of these reagents was dependent upon local methods of assessing the specificities of the anti-HLA antibodies and the volumes made it difficult to distribute sufficient quantities for use by everyone who performed HLA testing. (uclahealth.org)
  • HLA-B gene variants are also implicated in drug hypersensitivity reactions. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • For instance, HLA-B57:01 is associated with abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome, while HLA-B15:02 and HLA-B*58:01 are linked to carbamazepine and allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions, respectively. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • The key lies in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), proteins that signal the immune system. (medicaltrend.org)
  • A mutation in one of the genes coding for HLA appears to help virus-killing T cells identify SARS-CoV-2 and launch a lightning attack. (focustechnica.com)
  • Among the HLA genes, the HLA-B gene has been extensively studied due to its crucial role in immune response and its link to numerous diseases. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • Seventy-three percent of the index patients and their families provided samples for HLA typing and autoantibody analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The data did not support the notion of heterogeneity of IDDM on the basis of HLA types or autoantibody status. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Association of HLA and autoantibody in transfused sickle cell disease " by Mildred D. Ofosu, David A. Saunders et al. (howard.edu)
  • Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, have discovered that individuals who remain asymptomatic after COVID-19 infection often carry the HLA-B*15:01 gene mutation. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Researchers at UC San Francisco discovered that people who don't develop symptoms after contracting COVID-19 often carry the gene mutation HLA-B*15:01. (focustechnica.com)
  • Carriers of the HLA-B15 allele *15:01 (B62) are much more likely to be asymptomatic when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). (wikipedia.org)
  • Scientists have identified a genetic variation, HLA-B*15:01, associated with cases of asymptomatic COVID-19, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches and vaccine development. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Only one HLA variant-HLA-B*15:01-showed a strong correlation with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and this finding was confirmed in two independent cohorts. (medicaltrend.org)
  • UCSF researchers found that 20% of people in the study who remained asymptomatic after infection carried at least one copy of the HLA-B*15:01 variant, compared to 9% of those who reported symptoms. (focustechnica.com)
  • a study of major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphisms showed the allele frequency of MICA 129 Val was significantly increased in MCTD patients compared with controls and with SLE patients. (medscape.com)
  • Individuals possessing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B12 are 3 times more likely to develop this disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Recombinant, truncated Class I soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen (sHLA), naturally folded and glycosylated, loaded with endogenous peptides. (hlaprotein.com)
  • Continued research and advancements in HLA typing techniques will pave the way for a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between the HLA-B gene and human health, ultimately benefiting patients and healthcare systems worldwide. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • Explicitly modeling peptide length distribution and multiple specificity improved predictions of naturally presented HLA-I ligands, as demonstrated in an independent benchmarking based on the new human meningioma samples. (aai.org)
  • As with other connective-tissue diseases, MCTD is considered an autoimmune disease to which individuals who express specific HLA antigens such as HLA-DR4 or HLA-DQB1 are genetically predisposed. (medscape.com)
  • The researchers observed T cells in individuals carrying HLA-B15 but who had never been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (medicaltrend.org)
  • For example, HLA-B57 and HLA-B27 are associated with slower disease progression in HIV-infected individuals, while HLA-B*35 is linked to rapid progression. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • We further identified multiple specificity in several HLA-I molecules and validated these observations with binding assays. (aai.org)
  • A family study of the association between insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, autoantibodies and the HLA system. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Various HLA typing techniques are available, such as serological typing, sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing, sequence-specific priming, and next-generation sequencing. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • The illustration is based on the crystal structure of HLA-B*15:01 in complex with spike derived peptide NQKLIANQF from SARS-CoV-2 virus (PDB Entry - 8ELH) published by Augusto et al. (focustechnica.com)
  • HLA-I molecules bind short peptides and present them for recognition by CD8 + T cells. (aai.org)
  • Its strong HLA association with MCTD was further shown in the significantly increased frequency of the combination of HLA-B15 with HLA-DR4. (medscape.com)
  • Low incidence of antinuclear antibody was significantly associated with HLA‐DR3. (howard.edu)
  • A gene encoding HLA undergoes a mutation that appears to assist T cells in recognizing SARS-CoV-2 and launching a rapid attack. (medicaltrend.org)
  • The HLA-B*15:01 mutation is relatively common, present in about 10% of the study population. (medicaltrend.org)
  • The mutation - HLA-B*15:01 - is quite common, carried by about 10% of the study's population. (focustechnica.com)
  • a pipeline for the identification of personalized Variant Antigens by Cancer Sequencing (pVAC-Seq) that integrates tumor mutation and expression data (DNA- and RNA-Seq) ( original article ). (sixthresearcher.com)
  • HLA typing can, thus, provide valuable insights into the prognosis and potential treatment strategies for such infectious diseases. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • Several studies have demonstrated that certain HLA-B gene variants, such as HLA-B*27, are strongly associated with an increased risk for autoimmune diseases like ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and anterior uveitis. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • As the complexity of the HLA system defined by antibody reagents grew, the Cell Exchange focused its efforts on providing challenging cell types - those that included "rare" HLA antigens or unusual combinations of antigens that might be difficult to discriminate. (uclahealth.org)
  • HLA typing can guide clinicians in prescribing appropriate medications and avoiding adverse drug reactions in susceptible patients. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • HLA-B15 allele *15:02 is associated with the severe skin conditions Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) caused by carbamazepine drug sensitivity in East Asians. (wikipedia.org)
  • The original goal of the Cell Exchange was to standardize the practice of HLA typing. (uclahealth.org)
  • Additionally, factors such as cost, technical expertise, and turnaround time can impact the accessibility and implementation of HLA typing in routine clinical practice. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • The Cell Exchange provided an alternative strategy, distributing the same cells to many laboratories for HLA typing. (uclahealth.org)
  • Novel epitopes were identified by establishing T antigenipecific CD4 and CD8 T-cell clones from healthy donors which recognised antigen expressing cells. (bham.ac.uk)
  • However MCC tumours and lines were found to have low levels of surface HLA Class I and Class II and could poorly process and present epitope to T-cells. (bham.ac.uk)
  • The specific nature of the HLA associations that occur in patients with MCTD may vary depending on the ethnicity of the population studied. (medscape.com)
  • HLA-DR4 is more common in patients with MCTD than in patients with other connective-tissue diseases (see Pathophysiology). (medscape.com)
  • In summary, understanding the association between HLA-B gene variants and various disease states highlights the importance of HLA typing in personalized medicine. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • Continued advancements in genotyping technologies and bioinformatics tools are essential to overcoming these obstacles and enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of HLA typing. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • Reichert S, Altermann W, Stein JM, Schaller HG, Machulla HK, Schulz S. Individual Composition of HLA and Periodontopathogens in the Background of Periodontitis. (praxiszentrum-aachen.de)
  • As the HLA-B gene plays a pivotal role in immune response, accurate HLA typing is crucial in determining disease risk, optimizing treatment strategies, and improving clinical outcomes for various conditions. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • The HLA types were analysed and correlated with the auto-antibody data. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The study utilized data from the National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, the largest HLA-typing volunteer registry in the United States, which facilitates connections between donors and those in need of bone marrow transplants. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Quantifying peripheral T-cell responses to the large- and small T-antigens in patient groups and healthy donors by ELISpot showed that like with other polyomaviruses, responses were weak. (bham.ac.uk)
  • To understand how HLA-B15 eliminates the virus, Dr. Hollenbach's team collaborated with researchers at La Trobe University in Australia. (medicaltrend.org)
  • The UCLA International Cell Exchange has recorded the progress of HLA typing in a number of publications and presentations at national and international meetings. (uclahealth.org)
  • Identifying specific HLA-B gene variants can help reduce the risk of graft rejection and improve transplant outcomes, especially in cases of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation. (thesequencingcenter.com)
  • Significant associations were also found between the incidence of antinuclear antibody and both HLA‐A28 and B15. (howard.edu)
  • HLA-DRB1 genotypes may have a modulating influence on MCTD in Polish patients. (medscape.com)
  • The antigen DR4 carries a higher relative risk and delta value (viz. (ox.ac.uk)