Hiv integrase. Medical search. Frequent questions

In the past, HIV infection was associated with weight loss due to metabolic wasting. (iupui.edu)
Clinicians now have five classes of antiretroviral agents (ARVs) for the treatment of HIV infection in both treatment-naïve and treatment - experienced individuals. (co.sz)
There are five classes of drug that are used to treat HIV infection, and resistance mutations can effect the efficacy of these treatments as well. (wikipedia.org)
Background: The use of integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy could be associated with worse weight and metabolic outcomes in patients with HIV infection. (edu.pe)
HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. (medscape.com)
The patient with HIV may present with signs and symptoms of any of the stages of HIV infection. (medscape.com)
CDC guidelines recommend testing for HIV infection with a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antigen/antibody immunoassay that detects HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen, with supplemental testing after a reactive assay result to differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. (medscape.com)
If supplemental testing for HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies shows nonreactive or indeterminant results (or if acute HIV infection or recent exposure is suspected or reported), an HIV-1 nucleic acid test is recommended to differentiate acute HIV-1 infection from a false-positive test result. (medscape.com)
1 false-positive result per 100 people diagnosed with HIV infection). (medscape.com)
ABSTRACT: Lenacapavir (Sunlenca) is the first FDA-approved drug in the novel class of HIV capsid inhibitors for heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection after failing their current antiretroviral regimen. (uspharmacist.com)
Lenacapavir is a novel, first-in-class HIV capsid inhibitor that was FDA approved on December 22, 2022, for heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection after failing their current antiretroviral (ARV) regimen due to resistance, intolerance, or safety considerations. (uspharmacist.com)
HIV is an infection that poses significant public health challenges worldwide. (uspharmacist.com)
6 Initial symptoms of HIV infection can resemble flu-like symptoms, including fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. (uspharmacist.com)
HIV infection progresses through three stages: the acute stage, clinical latency stage, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage. (uspharmacist.com)
What [HA492 trade name] is and what it is used for [HA492 trade name] is used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adults and adolescents weighing 35 kg or more. (who.int)
The number of cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among young adolescents had been increasing over the years. (medscape.com)
CDC estimates that 21% of the approximately 36,801 people newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 2019 were aged 13-24 years. (medscape.com)
In contrast, perinatal HIV infection is relatively rare in the United States, and most perinatally infected youth are now older and aging out of pediatric care, setting the stage for an increased need for transitional care. (medscape.com)
therefore, dosage of medications for HIV infection should be based on the SMR (also known as Tanner staging) of puberty and not just on age alone. (medscape.com)
In the medication class, the multi-class combination drugs segment holds the largest market share as it involves the most advanced technique used for the treatment of HIV infection. (taiwannews.com.tw)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the body's immune system, leading to complete damage of the system and making the host system susceptible to infection. (taiwannews.com.tw)
The major route of transmission of HIV infection is through unprotected sex, use of contaminated needles, breast milk of HIV-infected mother to child, and infected blood. (taiwannews.com.tw)
In addition, Asia-Pacific is expected to emerge with the maximum growth potential due to the focus of key players on emerging economies, mainly on the health of people with effective treatment for different diseases and rise in incidence of HIV infection. (taiwannews.com.tw)
For instance, in February 2023, Merck & Co., Inc., known as MSD, outside of the U.S. and Canada, announced that the company has opened enrollment in its new Phase 3 clinical program with investigational once-daily islatravir 0.25 mg in combination with doravirine 100 mg (DOR/ISL) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
It is used in combination with other antiretroviral medications to treat the infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (medbroadcast.com)
HIV infection destroys CD4 (T) cells, which are important to the immune system. (medbroadcast.com)
Testing revealed primary syphilis, mpox, and primary HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
Recent publications have documented severe mpox associated with HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that approximately 90% of children living with HIV acquired the infection perinatally-during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The first medicine approved in a class of antiretroviral drugs called integrase inhibitors for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. (acs.org)
Scientists from Merck & Co., Inc., became new Heroes for developing Isentress ® (raltegravir), a potent integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in patients as part of combination HIV therapy. (acs.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain infections and cancers. (msdmanuals.com)
HIV infection can be diagnosed by antibody, nucleic acid (HIV RNA), or antigen (p24) testing. (msdmanuals.com)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Infants and Children Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is caused by the retrovirus HIV-1 (and less commonly by the related retrovirus HIV-2). (msdmanuals.com)
An incidence of perinatally acquired HIV infection less than 1:100,000 live births is one of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) goals of the United States. (cdc.gov)
Using previously published CDC estimates of the number of infants born with HIV infection in the United States (interpolating for years for which there was no published estimate), and census data on the annual number of live-born infants, estimated incidence was calculated for 1978–2013. (cdc.gov)
Estimated incidence of perinatally acquired HIV infection peaked at 43.1 (95% CI: 41.1 to 45.1) in 1992 and declined rapidly after the use of zidovudine prophylaxis was recommended in 1994. (cdc.gov)
In 2013, estimated incidence of perinatally acquired HIV infection in the United States was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.2), a 96% decline since the peak. (cdc.gov)
Estimated incidence of perinatally acquired HIV infection in the United States in 2013 was 1.8/100,000 live births. (cdc.gov)
From the beginning of the HIV epidemic, for many years, data were insufficient to answer the question: how many infants with HIV infection are born annually in the United States? (cdc.gov)
Since the mid-1980s, AIDS reporting was mandatory in nearly all jurisdictions, whereas name-based reporting of cases of HIV infection was conducted in a subset of states. (cdc.gov)
Specifically, since 2008, it has been possible to determine the number of infants born with HIV infection in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Before 2008, there were several estimates of the number of infants born with HIV infection in all 50 states. (cdc.gov)
in that report, for years in which no estimate had been made, the numbers of infants with HIV infection were interpolated. (cdc.gov)

A 5 mg dispersible tablet formulation of dolutegravir was studied in children aged 4 weeks to less than 6 years old, weighing at least 3 kg, with HIV RNA of greater than 1000 copies per mL and no previous treatment with integrase strand transfer inhibitor recruited from IMPAACT clinical research sites in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. (nih.gov)

Background: Genomic integration, an obligate step in the HIV-1 replication cycle, is blocked by the integrase inhibitor raltegravir. (nyu.edu)

A ) Reverse-transcriptase activity measured in HIV-1 NL4-3 virion lysates. (elifesciences.org)
Cessation of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimen poses a significant danger of selection for a drug-resistant form of HIV-1. (wikipedia.org)
A K103N mutation in HIV-1 causes the hydrophobic pocket in which the NNRTI binds to inhibit enzyme activity in reverse transcriptase to close by means of a hydrogen bond. (wikipedia.org)
FDA-approved ARVs are categorized into eight pharmacologic classes, including the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), fusion inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists, postattachment inhibitors, integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), and now the novel class of capsid inhibitors. (uspharmacist.com)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block the action of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which HIV needs to replicate. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) bind to reverse transcriptase and prevent HIV from replicating. (medicalnewstoday.com)
On the basis of medication class, the market is classified into multi-class combination drugs, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), entry inhibitors, and HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors. (taiwannews.com.tw)
Reverse transcriptase is a part of HIV required to infect cells and make more virus. (medbroadcast.com)
HIV-1 Protease, Reverse Transcriptase, and Integrase Variation. (cdc.gov)

Dive into the research topics of 'A structural model of the HIV-1 Rev-integrase complex: The molecular basis of integrase regulation by Rev'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (huji.ac.il)

This study explores the association of ART with an INSTI backbone and changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) in children with perinatal HIV who are followed in the HIV clinic at Riley Hospital. (iupui.edu)

Raltegravir is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-integrase inhibitor that has been shown to alter the host immune response to HIV in addition to its direct antiviral effect. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Results: Here, we show that raltegravir action is reversible and that unintegrated viral DNA is integrated in the host cell genome after raltegravir removal leading to HIV-1 replication. (nyu.edu)

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) represent a new class of antiretroviral agents developed for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. (eurekaselect.com)

Entry inhibitors block the ability of HIV to enter its target cells. (wikipedia.org)
Integrase inhibitors block the ability of the catalytic core to form covalent bonds with the phosphodiester backbone of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Integrase inhibitors block this action. (medicalnewstoday.com)

The global HIV drugs market Size was valued at $32.8 billion in 2022, and is projected to reach $51.1 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 4.5% from 2023 to 2032. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
For instance, according to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), 39 million [33.1 million-45.7 million] people globally were living with HIV in 2022. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
As per the same source, 1.3 million [1 million-1.7 million] people became newly infected with HIV in 2022. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
The multi-class combination drugs segment held the largest share in the HIV drugs market in 2022. (alliedmarketresearch.com)

HIV attacks the body's immune system by targeting CD4 T-cells, which are essential to fight off infections and diseases. (uspharmacist.com)
If not treated, HIV gradually weakens the immune system, leading to opportunistic infections and other serious illnesses. (uspharmacist.com)
Although ART cannot remove HIV from the body, it can keep the immune system strong enough to fend off infections and some HIV-related cancers . (medicalnewstoday.com)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data spanning 2015-2019 demonstrate a 15% decrease in HIV infections in the 13-24 year old age group. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, this is attributed to the increase in adoption of drugs from this medication class, owing to their better results in the control of HIV & related co-infections and their ease in consumption & adherence. (taiwannews.com.tw)
His last sexual health screening (including an HIV test) 7 months before detected no sexually transmitted infections. (cdc.gov)
Appropriate antiretroviral therapy (ART) and treatment of specific infections and malignancies are critical in treating patients who are HIV positive. (medscape.com)
An expert panel issued updated guidelines in December 2013 for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-exposed and infected children. (medscape.com)
Although current HAART regimens have substantially and dramatically decreased AIDS-related opportunistic infections (OIs) and deaths, prevention and management of OIs remain critical components of care for HIV-infected children. (medscape.com)
HIV-1 causes most HIV infections worldwide, but HIV-2 causes a substantial proportion of infections in parts of West Africa. (msdmanuals.com)
In the United States, at the end of 2019, an estimated 1,189,700 people ≥ 13 years were living with HIV, including an estimated 158,500 (13%) people whose infections had not been diagnosed. (msdmanuals.com)

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors, often abbreviated to "integrase inhibitors", target an enzyme called Integrase, a protein essential for HIV replication. (co.sz)
Protease inhibitors (PIs) impede another enzyme called HIV protease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
HIV uses an enzyme called integrase to send its genetic material into the cells' DNA. (medicalnewstoday.com)

We performed a retrospective review of 59 patients with perinatally acquired HIV from 2016 to 2021. (iupui.edu)
Puberty may be delayed in children who were perinatally infected with HIV, adding to discrepancies between Tanner stage-based dosing and age-based dosing. (medscape.com)
Effective contraception thus offers great opportunity to slow the spread of perinatally acquired HIV, though sexual transmission of HIV may still occur between serodiscordant couples. (hindawi.com)
Reduction in the mortality rate associated with perinatally acquired HIV-1 over the past 10 years is a result of improved ART. (medscape.com)

Conclusions: Our data highly suggest that 2-LTR circles can be used as a reserve supply of genomes for proviral integration highlighting their potential role in the overall HIV-1 replication cycle. (nyu.edu)
HIV-1 IN also binds the karyopherin TNPO3, however the significance of this interaction during viral replication remains to be explored. (biomedcentral.com)
Whereas the recombinant HIV-1 IN protein is sufficient to catalyze the 3' processing and strand transfer activities for in vitro integration, functional interactions between IN and host cell factors are required during the early events of HIV-1 replication in vivo [ 10 - 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The different interactions between viral proteins and cellular host proteins are required for efficient replication of HIV-1. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus our study emphasizes the negative influence of PSF on HIV-1 replication. (biomedcentral.com)
Splicing factor such as Serine Arginine rich splicing factor (SRSF1) [ 16 ] regulate HIV-1 transcription whereas, Small nuclear RNAs [ 17 ] inhibit HIV-1 replication through excessive RNA Splicing. (biomedcentral.com)
Integrase (IN) is an essential viral enzyme required for HIV-1 replication, which has been targeted by anti-AIDS therapeutics. (eurekaselect.com)
8 Understanding the HIV life cycle has been essential to the discovery of targeted therapies to stop viral replication. (uspharmacist.com)

D ) A representative growth curve of HIV-1 NL4-3 IN D116N viruses trans-complemented with class II mutant IN proteins in cell culture. (elifesciences.org)
Protease Inhibitors cause the immature formation of two essential precursor proteins known as Gag and Gagpol in HIV. (wikipedia.org)
Various reports implicated host cellular proteins as a key factor that either interact directly with HIV-1 integrase (IN) or get involved in the integration process of virus resulting in the modulation of integration step. (biomedcentral.com)
The integration process is catalyzed by viral protein integrase which utilizes different host proteins for integration of viral DNA [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
HIV must bind to cells' proteins to penetrate immune cells, and these drugs keep this from happening. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Uncontrolled HIV can progress to AIDS. (uspharmacist.com)
HIV is the virus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). (medbroadcast.com)
This may help to delay the development of problems that are related to AIDS or HIV disease. (medbroadcast.com)
The face of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has changed dramatically since its emergence in the 1980s. (hindawi.com)
Far from its origins as an illness of homosexual men, HIV/AIDS is increasingly affecting women around the world: in 2008, women made up nearly half of the global population of those infected with HIV (15.7 million women, 33.4 million total) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, infects 70 million people. (acs.org)
However, through international efforts, as of 2021, an estimated 28.7 million people living with HIV were accessing antiretroviral therapy (up from 7.8 million in 2010), dramatically reducing deaths and transmission in many countries (see UNAIDS: Global HIV & AIDS statistics - Fact sheet ). (msdmanuals.com)
In January 2016, the National AIDS Programme (NAP) in Oman introduced a package of interventions, in- cluding capacity building for service providers, to improve the quality of HIV services. (who.int)

HEK293T cells were transfected with proviral HIV-1 NL4-3 expression plasmids carrying pol mutations encoding for the indicated IN substitutions. (elifesciences.org)
Resistance mutations are evident and widely studied in HIV due to its high rate of mutation and prevalence in the general population. (wikipedia.org)
Resistance mutations are found and become problematic in many viruses other than HIV. (wikipedia.org)
Many of these young adults are very treatment-experienced and can harbor significant HIV resistance mutations and comorbidities associated with past treatment. (medscape.com)

Certain integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have been associated with weight gain in the adult population, but data in the pediatric population is lacking. (iupui.edu)

Data are scarce regarding the incidence of neuropsychiatric events (NPEs) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 taking integrase inhibitor (INI)- or protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens. (psychiatrist.com)
We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing integrase inhibitors with other antiretroviral classes (efavirenz-based or protease inhibitor-based therapies) in naïve HIV patients. (edu.pe)
Conclusions: In HIV patients, the use of integrase inhibitor-based therapy in comparison with protease inhibitor- or NNRTI-based therapy was associated with a small increase in weight and small decreases in lipid serum levels. (edu.pe)

93del is a 16-nucleotide G-quadruplex-forming aptamer which can inhibit the activity of the HIV-1 integrase enzyme at nanomolar concentration. (ntu.edu.sg)
The beta-carboline hydroxamic acid compounds and compositions containing those compounds may be used to inhibit or modulate the activity of HIV integrase enzyme and to treat HIV integrase-mediated diseases and conditions. (kisti.re.kr)

HIV-1, documented by any licensed rapid HIV test or HIV enzyme or chemiluminescence immunoassay (E/CIA) test kit at any time prior to study entry and confirmed by a licensed Western blot or a second antibody test by a method other than the initial rapid HIV and/or E/CIA, or by HIV-1 antigen, or plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load. (ucsd.edu)
A reactive initial rapid test should be confirmed by either another type of rapid assay or an E/CIA that is based on a different antigen preparation and/or different test principle (e.g., indirect versus competitive), or a Western blot or a plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load. (ucsd.edu)
Results of an HIV antigen/antibody assay were reactive (signal-to-cutoff ratio of 74.2 and a positive p24 antigen), whereas Western blot results were indeterminate (positive band at p24 and gp160), consistent with seroconversion. (cdc.gov)

Guidelines for Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV Infected Adults and Adolescents Table 24a-f. provide further information on drug interactions. (medscape.com)

3 In the United States alone, approximately 1.2 million people are living with HIV, with nearly 37,800 new cases reported in 2019. (uspharmacist.com)
The global HIV drugs market was valued at $30,891.48 million in 2019, and is expected to reach $36,495.47 million by 2027, registering a CAGR of 3.8% from 2020 to 2027. (taiwannews.com.tw)
To report the impact of these interventions on the rate of vertical HIV transmission in the period from January 2016 to December 2019. (who.int)
The obstetric and virological outcomes for HIV-infected pregnant women delivered in 2016-2019 were fa- vourable, with a low rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. (who.int)

Entry inhibitors modify protein residues on the membrane of the T cell to make it incompatible with the HIV, thus blocking insertion of the viral genome. (wikipedia.org)
The protein binding study identified the association of host protein PSF with HIV-1 integrase. (biomedcentral.com)
Experimental as well as in silico analysis inferred that the host protein causes not only change in the integration events but also targets the incoming viral DNA or the integrase-viral DNA complex. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we have identified a new HIV-1 integrase interacting protein, polypyrimidine tract binding protein and associated splicing factor (PSF) through pull down assay and co immunoprecipitation of IN with mammalian cell protein. (biomedcentral.com)

N europsychiatric disorders, such as depression or anxiety, occur more frequently among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 than in the general population. (psychiatrist.com)
Hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine devices do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and women using these methods should be counseled that consistent and correct use of the male latex condom reduces the risk for transmission of HIV and other STDs. (cdc.gov)
Integration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into a host cell chromosome is an essential step under the control of the viral integrase (IN). (biomedcentral.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and during the birth process or via human milk (vertical transmission). (medscape.com)
Electron microscopy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virions. (medscape.com)
Includes patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (medicines.org.uk)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic and life-threatening disease, which can be transferred from one person to another through blood-to-blood and sexual contact. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
ART is the mainstay in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment. (medscape.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus. (msdmanuals.com)

The term was first used in the management of HIV, the first virus in which genome sequencing was routinely used to look for drug resistance. (wikipedia.org)
This inhibits HIV from incorporating its genome into the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
Integrase inhibitors prevent the HIV integrase enzyme from incorporating its viral genome into the host chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
The HIV-1 life cycle includes two essential processes, reverse transcription, forming the linear double stranded DNA (cDNA) and the integration of viral dsDNA into host genome. (biomedcentral.com)

Treatment-naive and treatment-experienced adults with HIV-1 newly treated with an INI- or PI-based regimen were included. (psychiatrist.com)
Studies aim to give information that will be applicable to a large group of people (e.g. adults with diagnosed HIV in the UK). (aidsmap.com)
Since adolescents and young adults often acquire HIV through sexual activity, they are excellent candidates for intervention and prevention programs that have been implemented. (medscape.com)

Among people living with HIV in 2021, approximately 85% knew their HIV status and 75% were accessing treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
The majority (75.3%, 61/81) of women were diagnosed with HIV infec- tion from routine antenatal screening, with 60% (66/110) of pregnancies occurring in women who knew their HIV status at conception. (who.int)

The global HIV drugs market is bifurcated into medication class and region. (taiwannews.com.tw)

11 In particular, costs are substantially greater for people with HIV-1 who have a serious mental illness compared to patients with either HIV-1 or a serious mental illness alone. (psychiatrist.com)
Its unique resistance profile offers promise for patients with multidrug-resistant HIV. (uspharmacist.com)

MD trajectory analyses provided a strong clue of destabilization of Integrase-viral DNA complex occurred due to PSF interaction with the conserved bases of viral DNA ends that are extremely crucial contact points with integrase and indispensable for integration. (biomedcentral.com)

Molecular clock of HIV-1 envelope genes under early immune selection. (cdc.gov)

5 allows us to reach millions of people globally with accurate and reliable resources about HIV prevention and treatment. (aidsmap.com)
Our analysis indicates that regulatory randomised controlled trials for novel antiretrovirals are vastly unrepresentative of people living with HIV globally," write the authors. (aidsmap.com)
Globally, the CDC estimates that there are 38 million people living with HIV as of 2020. (uspharmacist.com)
HIV is one of the most alarming and widespread diseases globally. (taiwannews.com.tw)
HIV globally from 1% in 2000 to 80% in 2017 ( 2 ) and 92% in 2018 ( 1 ). (who.int)

Random effects meta-analysis was used to assess the effects of integrase inhibitors vs. controls on weight and lipid outcomes. (edu.pe)
We also describe the virological and obstetric outcomes for HIV-infected pregnant women. (who.int)

HEK293T cells were co-transfected with the HIV-1 NL4-3 IN D116N proviral plasmid along with Vpr-IN expression plasmids encoding for the indicated IN substitutions or an empty vector control. (elifesciences.org)

HIV-positive women should be offered a full range of hormonal contraceptive options, with conscientious counseling about possible reduced efficacy of COCs and the contraceptive implant when taken with ARVs. (hindawi.com)
As access to both modern methods of contraception and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) expands, women with HIV enter the largely uncharted territory of potential drug interactions. (hindawi.com)

The panel represents the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. (medscape.com)

have diabetes--treatment with HIV protease inhibitors like [HA492 trade name] may occasionally cause or aggravate diabetes. (who.int)
Below are some of the classes of HIV treatment drugs . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Further information can be found at HIV Treatment Regimens CDC Guidelines, Adult/Adolescent . (medscape.com)
North America accounted for the largest market share in 2015, owing to increase in the number of HIV-infected individuals, advancement in HIV treatment, and rise in government funding for R&D for drug manufacturing. (taiwannews.com.tw)
Recent efforts have largely focused on expanding access to HIV diagnosis and counseling, as well as treatment with highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (hindawi.com)
Treatment guidelines for HIV disease change constantly. (medscape.com)

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) block integrase, which is an HIV enzyme that the virus uses to insert its genetic material into a cell that it has infected. (aidsmap.com)
During the second step in the HIV life cycle, the HIV envelope fuses with the CD4 cell membrane, allowing the viral genetic material to enter the host cell. (uspharmacist.com)

The pharmaceutical industry continues to invest in research and development efforts to better understand the underlying mechanisms of HIV and develop innovative therapies. (alliedmarketresearch.com)

Preventing unintended pregnancy in HIV-positive women can significantly reduce maternal-to-child HIV transmission as well as improve the woman's overall health. (hindawi.com)
Preventing unplanned or mistimed pregnancy allows a woman with HIV to optimize her own health and has the potential to decrease maternal-to-child transmission of HIV. (hindawi.com)
The antiretroviral coverage during pregnancy was 95.5%, with most (87.8%) wom- en reporting excellent or good adherence. (who.int)

Our functional analysis of HIV-1 IN mutants reveals distinct structural basis for TNPO3 interaction and suggests that the interaction between IN and TNPO3 is not a major determinant of nuclear import but could take place at a nuclear step prior to integration. (biomedcentral.com)

A crucial step in prevention of MTCT of HIV is identifying the seropositive status of pregnant women. (who.int)
They include prevention of HIV in women of Maternal and Child Health at the Ministry of Health, childbearing age, family planning, prevention of MTCT, was introduced in Oman in July 2009 ( 10 ). (who.int)

This study evaluated the prevalence, incidence, and economic burden of NPEs among people living with HIV-1 who were newly treated with INI- or PI-based regimens in a Medicaid population. (psychiatrist.com)
In this study of the Medicaid population, the prevalence and incidence of NPEs, as well as health care costs, were similar among people living with HIV-1 newly treated with an INI- or PI-based regimen. (psychiatrist.com)
In 2021, approximately 1.5 million people were newly infected with HIV, of whom approximately 860,000 (57%) were in sub-Saharan Africa. (msdmanuals.com)

In a model comparing interventions to decrease maternal-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, increasing use of contraception was found to prevent 28.6% more HIV-positive births than increasing use of peripartum nevirapine [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

HIV is a retrovirus. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Blocking integrase prevents HIV from replicating. (aidsmap.com)
The fusion inhibitor prevents the membrane of the host CD4 cell from fusing with the HIV envelope. (uspharmacist.com)

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes3

Information Science1

Infection44

Strand transfer inhibitor1

Inhibitor raltegravir1

Reverse transcriptase9

Form a unique fingerprint1

INSTI1

Raltegravir2

Class of antiretroviral1

Inhibitors block3

20224

Infections11

Enzyme called3

Perinatally4

Replication8

Proteins5

AIDS8

Mutations4

Weight Gain1

Protease inhibitor3

Inhibit2

Antigen3

Antiretroviral agents1

20194

Protein4

Human9

Genome4

Adults3

Knew their HIV status2

Global HIV drugs market1

Patients2

Analyses1

Immune1

Globally5

Outcomes2

Proviral1

ARVs2

Diseases1

Treatment6

Genetic material2

Therapies1

Pregnancy3

Structural1

Prevention2

Newly3

MTCT1

Retrovirus1

Prevents2