Hiv envelope protein gp120. Medical search. Frequent questions

Envelope protein immunogens may improve DNA or live-vectored HIV vaccines by complementing antiviral cellular responses with Env antibodies. (nih.gov)
both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 . (bvsalud.org)
Antibodies (Abs) specific for the V3 loop of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope neutralize most tier 1 and many tier 2 viruses and are present in essentially all HIV-infected individuals as well as immunized humans and animals. (nih.gov)
The levels of antibodies to the third variable region (V3) of the HIV envelope protein correlate with reduced HIV infection rates. (nih.gov)
however, the trimer is flexible, allowing occluded portions of the envelope (like V3) to flicker into an exposed position that binds antibodies. (nih.gov)
Here we provide a systematic interrogation of mechanisms by which single amino acid changes in various regions of gp120 (i) render viruses sensitive to neutralization by V3 antibodies, (ii) result in altered packing of the V3 loop, and (iii) activate an open conformation that exposes V3 to the effects of V3 Abs. (nih.gov)
Taken together, these and previous studies explain how V3 antibodies can protect against HIV-1 infection and why they should be one of the targets of vaccine-induced antibodies. (nih.gov)
Some of our studies are aimed at creating an HIV vaccine that elicits antibodies against a transient, but vulnerable, intermediate in the membrane-fusion process, called the pre-hairpin intermediate. (stanford.edu)
At the time, Mikovits warned that fertility rates may drop thanks to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein creating antibodies that attack syncytium, and indeed, we're now starting to see that. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
Co-receptor Binding Site Antibodies Enable CD4-Mimetics to Expose Conserved Anti-cluster A ADCC Epitopes on HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins. (harvard.edu)
For example, neutralizing antibodies that target an HIV envelope protein called gp120 can block a crucial part of the infection process in which gp120 binds to a receptor on the surface of T cells. (sciencedaily.com)
One key to improving the vaccine, Berman said, came from independent lines of investigation pointing to the importance of antibodies that recognize a specific segment of gp120 known as the V1/V2 domain. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists studying antibodies from elite neutralizers, however, discovered that many of the most potent neutralizing antibodies actually recognize carbohydrate components called glycans that are attached to the gp120 envelope protein. (sciencedaily.com)
The envelope protein has dozens of epitopes, and most of the immune response is directed at ones that don't induce neutralizing antibodies. (sciencedaily.com)
We have also determined structures of almost all of the rare, broadly neutralizing antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope proteins, gp120 and gp41, in order to elucidate the sites of vulnerability that can be used for HIV-1 vaccine design. (scripps.edu)
A research team from The University of Texas, including an Indian origin scientist, has come closer to creating a vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by creating an antigen that induces protective antibodies capable of neutralizing genetically diverse HIV strains. (medindia.net)
This prototype successfully eliminates nature's restrictions on the production of broadly-neutralizing antibodies to HIV by the immune system," he added. (medindia.net)
Previously-tested HIV vaccine candidates stimulated vigorous production of antibodies to the mutable segments of the virus envelope. (medindia.net)
In the new study, the researchers used a chemically-activated form of the HIV envelope protein gp120 to stimulate the production of mouse monoclonal antibodies that block infection of cultured human cells by genetically-diverse HIV strains from around the world. (medindia.net)
Paul said these same antibodies can be found in humans who remain free of AIDS despite long-term HIV infection. (medindia.net)
DNA editing tool CRISPR-Cas13 helps diagnose and signal the presence of HIV antibodies in HIV patients. (medindia.net)
Scholars@Duke publication: Vaccine-induced HIV-1 envelope gp120 constant region 1-specific antibodies expose a CD4-inducible epitope and block the interaction of HIV-1 gp140 with galactosylceramide. (duke.edu)
To study antibody modulation of HIV-1 Env-Galcer interactions, we used Galcer-containing liposomes to assess whether natural- and vaccine-induced monoclonal antibodies can block HIV-1 Env binding to Galcer. (duke.edu)
Several HIV-1 ALVAC/AIDSVAX vaccinee-derived monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the gp120 first constant (C1) region blocked Galcer binding of a transmitted/founder HIV-1 Env gp140. (duke.edu)
C1-specific IgG monoclonal antibodies that blocked Env binding to Galcer induced upregulation of the gp120 CD4-inducible (CD4i) epitope bound by MAb 17B, demonstrating that a conformational change in gp120 may be required for Galcer blocking. (duke.edu)
Here, we have mimicked this interaction by using an artificial membrane containing synthetic Galcer and recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins to identify antibodies that would block the HIV-1 Env-Galcer interaction. (duke.edu)
Our study revealed that a class of vaccine-induced human antibodies potently blocks HIV-1 Env-Galcer binding by perturbing the HIV-1 Env conformation. (duke.edu)
Antibodies reactive with HIV ANTIGENS . (lookformedical.com)
In theory, the injections into the arms of vaccine recipients would localize the spike proteins, allowing the body to produce antibodies that would fight Covid-19. (freedomontario26.ca)
Antibodies to the HIV-1 major group-specific antigen (GAG) protein p24, and its precursor p55, are the earliest detected after infection by Western blot and tend to decrease or become undetectable with onset or progression of clinical symptoms (4-9). (cdc.gov)
In contrast, antibodies to the envelope (ENV) precursor protein gp160 and the final ENV proteins (gp120 and gp41) can be detected in specimens from virtually all HIV-infected persons regardless of clinical stage (4-9). (cdc.gov)
Although the overall sensitivity and specificity of the Western blot for detection of antibodies to the various viral proteins are high, there has been substantial debate regarding the interpretive criteria. (cdc.gov)
These results have important consequences for the design of immunogens to elicit 2G12-like neutralizing antibodies as a component of an HIV vaccine. (boku.ac.at)

We use the HIV envelope protein (gp120/gp41) as a model system. (stanford.edu)
Other specific initiatives were conducted such as evaluation of the sublingual route for immunization, investigation of the Principal Immunodominant Domain (PID) of gp41, and direct HIV inhibition with an Ag family which demonstrated in vitro antiviral activities comparable to the antiretroviral drug T20 (Fuzeon). (europa.eu)
Over 250 crystal structures of monoclonal Fab fragments and complexes with a variety of antigens, such as peptides, steroids, cocaine, and proteins, including HIV-1, gp120 and gp41, have led to significant insights into antibody-antigen recognition, virus neutralization, and vaccine design for HIV-1. (scripps.edu)
Gp41 is one of the most common HIV antigens detected by IMMUNOBLOTTING. (lookformedical.com)
It serves as a precursor for both the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120 and the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP41 . (lookformedical.com)
However, in a recent study, the protein with a mobility of 160 kilodaltons (kd) present in commercially available Western blots and in viral lysate antigen preparations was identified as a multimer of the gp41 protein (10,11). (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, this study presented evidence that the reaction observed against the gp120 on certain Western blots may have resulted in part from a reaction with a multimeric form of the gp41. (cdc.gov)
The currently licensed Du Pont Western blot test specifies that the test result should be interpreted as positive only when the detected bands include p24 and p31, and gp41 or gp120/160 (12) (see Table 2). (cdc.gov)
The HIV envelope proteins gp41 and gp120 play critical roles in HIV infection, the causative agent of AIDS. (uic.edu)
While at the NIH, I characterized the structural and dynamic properties of the SIV gp41 ectodomain, which is functionally analogous to the HIV gp41 ectodomain (Caffrey et al. (uic.edu)
2000). Presently, we are extending our biochemical and NMR studies to HIV gp41 and gp120. (uic.edu)
iv) determine the structure and dynamic properties of the HIV gp41/gp120 complex. (uic.edu)
As a first step we have generated a high-resolution model of the HIV gp41 ectodomain, which was based on the SIV gp41 ectodomain structure (Caffrey, 2001). (uic.edu)
In addition, we have recently analyzed the effects of site-directed mutants of gp41 and gp120 on viral entry (Jacobs et al. (uic.edu)
For instance, T20/DP178, a peptide fragment situated in the C-terminal section of HIV-1LAV envelope protein gp41 (aa 643C678) can be an operating ligand for FPR, whereas two overlapping peptides partly, T21/DP107 (aa 558C595) and N36 (aa 546C581), inside a leucine zipper-like site of gp41 of HIV-1LAV, activate FPRL1 [37], [38]. (bakingandbakingscience.com)
We propose that the initial binding of CD4 to gp120 induces conformational changes in gp120 leading to subsequent interactions of the FG loop with other regions in gp120 or with the fusogenic gp41 potion of the envelope gp160 glycoprotein. (jenner.ac.uk)
HIV-1 antibody levels and avidity to three envelope proteins (gp41, gp160, and gp120) were measured in the plasma using a customized Bio-Plex (Bio-Rad Laboratories) assay. (cdc.gov)

Eight months after vaccination, all animals were challenged intrarectally with the related, yet serologically distinct, SHIV-89.6P. The gp120 immunizations raised binding, but not neutralizing antibody for the challenge virus, and allowed testing of whether gp120 vaccines that fail to raise neutralizing antibody can improve protection. (nih.gov)
10 times higher levels of binding antibody than the minus-gp120 group. (nih.gov)
Assays for complement-dependent enhancing antibody revealed a trend toward higher levels of activity in the plus-gp120 group. (nih.gov)
We conclude that gp120 inoculations that fail to raise neutralizing antibody do not improve the efficacy of Gag-Pol-Env DNA/MVA vaccines. (nih.gov)
A neutralizing antibody recognizes a foreign protein (called an antigen), and by binding to it is able to block or neutralize the infectivity of the virus. (sciencedaily.com)
The part of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody is called an epitope, and it is usually a specific sequence of amino acids in the antigen protein. (sciencedaily.com)
Dr. Paul's team has developed a revolutionary antibody technology and used it to overcome major obstacles to a vaccine for HIV," said Dr Robert L. Hunter, professor and chairman of the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the UT Medical School at Houston. (medindia.net)
However, the MAb 17B itself did not block Env-Galcer binding, suggesting that the C1 antibody-induced gp120 conformational changes resulted in alteration in a Galcer binding site distant from the CD4i 17B MAb binding site. (duke.edu)
Additionally, at month 12, the 40μg gp120/AS01B group had higher HIV-specific envelope protein-gp120 binding antibody response levels compared to the two 200μg gp120 groups. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
HIV diversity and capability for antigenic drift are only two of the reasons for the inefficiency of first-generation anti-HIV vaccines, which induced a humoral (antibody) response against a limited number of epitopes. (aphios.com)
is to generate an antibody-like molecule by combining framework sequences from a human mAb with sequences from a human protein that carries a target-recognition function. (coek.info)
Immunoprecipitation of the gp120 with a specific antibody reversed its effects on monocyte chemotaxis and HLA-DR expression. (johnshopkins.edu)
The development of sensitive and specific tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) progressed rapidly after this retrovirus was identified as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is the most widely used serologic test for detecting antibody to HIV-1. (cdc.gov)
Serum samples that are repeatedly reactive in the EIA for HIV-1 antibody are then retested with a supplemental and more specific test, the most common of which is the Western blot (1-3). (cdc.gov)
Any HIV antibody from the patient's serum is detected by an antihuman immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody conjugated with an enzyme that in the presence of substrate will produce a colored band. (cdc.gov)
2005): Dissection of the carbohydrate specificity of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody 2G12. (boku.ac.at)
Human antibody 2G12 neutralizes a broad range of HIV-1 isolates. (boku.ac.at)
Our combined studies reveal that 2G12 is capable of binding both the D1 and D3 arms of the Man(9)GIcNAC(2) moiety, which would provide more flexibility to make the required multivalent interactions between the antibody and the gp120 oligomannose cluster than thought previously. (boku.ac.at)
Mutational and antibody epitope analyses have implicated the region encompassing residues 40-60 in D1 as the primary binding site for gp120. (jenner.ac.uk)
It is important to characterize the impact of PrEP on HIV antibody responses in people who experience breakthrough infections in order to understand the potential impact on timely diagnosis and treatment. (cdc.gov)
Longitudinal gp120 antibody levels within the PrEP breakthrough group were decreased compared to the placebo group. (cdc.gov)
When accounting for PrEP adherence, both gp120 and gp160 antibody levels were lower in the PrEP breakthrough group compared to the placebo group. (cdc.gov)
CONCLUSION: We demonstrate hindered envelope antibody maturation in PWID who became infected while receiving PrEP in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study, which has significant implications for HIV diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
Delayed maturation of the antibody response to HIV may increase the time to detection for antibody-based tests. (cdc.gov)

however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge -bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. (bvsalud.org)
An inactivated attenuated HIV vaccine preparation, which retains the conformation of envelope proteins, may become a valuable component of such a vaccination regimen. (aphios.com)
It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. (lookformedical.com)

So, the spike protein binds to the ACE2 receptor once it's produced by the human cell … but it's a modified version of the spike protein. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
Gp120 binds to cells expressing CD4 cell-surface antigens, most notably T4-lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. (lookformedical.com)
Once in your blood circulation, the spike protein binds to platelet receptors and the cells that line your blood vessels. (freedomontario26.ca)
lewis x component in human milk binds dc-sign and inhibits hiv-1 transfer to cd4+ t lymphocytes. (liverpool.ac.uk)
It is disclosed herein that the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 binds to α4β7 integrin on CD4+ T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T-cells. (justia.com)

As noted by Mikovits, we now know that the worst symptoms of COVID-19 are created by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein , and that is the very thing these gene-based vaccines are instructing your body to make. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
But it's far worse, as the vaccines do not cause your body to make the same spike protein as SARS-CoV-2 but one that has been genetically modified, making it far more toxic. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
In her paper, " Worse Than The Disease: Reviewing Some Possible Unintended Consequences of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 ," published in the International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice and Research in collaboration with Dr. Greg Nigh, 2 Seneff explains that a significant part of the problem is that while the natural spike protein is bad, the spike protein your body produces in response to the vaccine is even worse. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
By optimizing the formulation and delivery of vaccines, protein dose-sparing can help stretch the limited vaccine supply and reach more people. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Those vaccines included whole inactivated virus preparations, utilizing heat or formalin, or a recombinant envelope protein of HIV gp120. (aphios.com)
Current HIV vaccines containing the HIV gp120 envelope have been tested in phase I and II trials but they have had a major limitation of neutralizing only T-cell tropic laboratory-adapted HIV strains grown in T-cell lines, but not neutralizing HIV primary isolates. (johnshopkins.edu)
Phase III trials of monovalent HIV gp120 envelope vaccines are being planned in the US and Thailand, but concern has been raised that recombinant monovalent gp120 may not be an appropriate immunogen for an efficious HIV vaccine. (johnshopkins.edu)
Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. (lookformedical.com)
His biggest concern is the distribution of spike proteins produced by the body as a result of the vaccines. (freedomontario26.ca)

The core pentapeptide sequence, TTNYT, consisting of amino acids 4-8 in peptide T, is the HIV envelope sequence required for attachment to the CD4 receptor. (wikipedia.org)
So, you just injected the envelope of HIV … a syncytin gammaretrovirus envelope, and a SARS S2 receptor binding domain. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
The reason for this is because the synthetic RNA has been manipulated in such a way as to create a very unnatural spike protein that result in it not collapsing on itself into the cell once it attaches to the ACE2 receptor, as it normally does. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
Humoral Immune Pressure Selects for HIV-1 CXC-chemokine Receptor 4-using Variants. (harvard.edu)
CD4 is primary receptor for HIV-1 surface glycoprotein gp120). (exbio.cz)
UNLABELLED: Mucosal epithelial cell surface galactosylceramide (Galcer) has been postulated to be a receptor for HIV-1 envelope (Env) interactions with mucosal epithelial cells. (duke.edu)
IMPORTANCE: Galactosyl ceramide, a glycosphingolipid, has been postulated to be a receptor for the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) interaction with mucosal epithelial cells. (duke.edu)
In this work, Anticalins with specificity for the HIV receptor DC-SIGN ( Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin ) were developed. (tum.de)
The most common example of this type of fusion protein combines the hinge and Fc regions of an immunoglobulin (Ig) with domains of a cell-surface receptor that recognizes a specific ligand (Box 1). (coek.info)
Immunoadhesin structure The majority of immunoadhesins combine the hinge and Fc regions of an IgGl heavy chain with the extracellular domain (ECU) of a type I transmembrane protein, usually a receptor or an adhesion molecule (Fig. 1). (coek.info)
The extracellular domain of the Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor protein (CAR-D1D2) has been shown to be the receptor for the Coxsackie B virus (CBV), which is a major cause of viral heart infections. (uic.edu)
Included under this heading are signaling receptors, non-signaling receptors and accessory proteins required for receptor signaling. (edu.au)
The strategy underlying these CD4 based therapies, i.e. blocking the interaction between gp120 and the CD4 receptor, encompasses advantages distinct from current HAART regimens. (justia.com)

In a community-based, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial, we evaluated four priming injections of a recombinant canarypox vector vaccine (ALVAC-HIV [vCP1521]) plus two booster injections of a recombinant glycoprotein 120 subunit vaccine (AIDSVAX B/E). The vaccine and placebo injections were administered to 16,402 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 30 years in Rayong and Chon Buri provinces in Thailand. (emmes.com)
The trial utilized the ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) vaccine and an adjuvanted bivalent subtype C glycoprotein 120 (gp120) vaccine, providing valuable insights into the potential for improved HIV prevention strategies. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Li B, Shi Y, Shu J, Gao J, Wu P and Tang S-J, 2013 Wingless-type mammary tumor virus integration site family, member 5A (Wnt5a) regulates human immunodeficiency virus type1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp 120)-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (caMKII) and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. (utmb.edu)

Vaccine-induced V3 Abs are associated with reduced HIV infection rates in humans and affect the nature of transmitted viruses in infected vaccinees, despite the fact that V3 is often occluded in the envelope trimer. (nih.gov)
The results indicate that the V3 loop is metastable in the envelope trimer on the virion surface, flickering between states in which V3 is either occluded or available for binding to chemokine receptors (leading to infection) and to V3 Abs (leading to virus neutralization). (nih.gov)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an important cause of inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies. (medscape.com)
It is important to exclude HIV infection in any patient who presents with these conditions. (medscape.com)
For other discussions on of HIV infection, see Medscape Reference articles HIV Disease , Pediatric HIV Infection , and Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection . (medscape.com)
While many of the clinical manifestations of HIV infection are caused by immune deficiency, others are a manifestation of the general state of immune activation evidenced by T-cell activation and hypergammaglobulinemia, which can result in autoimmunity. (medscape.com)
Preferential susceptibility of Th9 and Th2 CD4+ T cells to X4-tropic HIV-1 infection. (harvard.edu)
The latest results from this effort have Berman sounding optimistic about the prospects for a vaccine that can be effective in protecting against HIV infection. (sciencedaily.com)
Although the effect was small, RV 144 is still the only clinical trial in which a vaccine has shown any protective effect at all against HIV infection. (sciencedaily.com)
Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand. (emmes.com)
The volunteers, primarily at heterosexual risk for HIV infection, were monitored for the coprimary end points: HIV-1 infection and early HIV-1 viremia, at the end of the 6-month vaccination series and every 6 months thereafter for 3 years. (emmes.com)
Vaccination did not affect the degree of viremia or the CD4+ T-cell count in subjects in whom HIV-1 infection was subsequently diagnosed. (emmes.com)
This ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E vaccine regimen may reduce the risk of HIV infection in a community-based population with largely heterosexual risk. (emmes.com)
Vaccination did not affect the viral load or CD4+ count in subjects with HIV infection. (emmes.com)
Higher rates of infection with HIV are exhibited among injection drug users mainly because of unsafe injecting behavior. (benthamscience.com)
There is currently no vaccine against HIV: and AIDS, if untreated, will lead to the death of more than 95% of infected individuals 10 years post-infection. (aphios.com)
Because the immune response is probably responsible for controlling the viral load in some long-term suvivors of HIV infection, studies are now being carried out to induce similar immunity against a broad spectrum of strains of HIV primary isolates with targeted HIV experimental immunogens. (johnshopkins.edu)
These tests have been used for various purposes, including clinical diagnosis of HIV-1 infection--for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in counseling and testing programs--for seroprevalence surveys, and for blood-donor screening. (cdc.gov)
The purpose of this report is to provide guidance for interpreting Western blot test results and their use in diagnosing HIV-1 infection. (cdc.gov)
Hazuda then leapfrogged the usual reporting of drug efficacy and toxicity studies in culture and animal systems, and revealed that the pilot compound L,870,812 was effective in a primate model of HIV infection. (natap.org)
A region in domain 1 of CD4 distinct from the primary gp120 binding site is involved in HIV infection and virus-mediated fusion. (jenner.ac.uk)
These mAbs distinguish between the gp120 binding event and virus infection and virus-induced cell fusion. (jenner.ac.uk)
One cluster of mAbs, which bind at or near the high affinity gp120 binding site, blocked gp120 binding to CD4 and, as expected, also blocked HIV infection of CD4+ cells and virus-induced syncytium formation. (jenner.ac.uk)
Yet, these mAbs strongly inhibited HIV infection of CD4+ cells and HIV-envelope/CD4-mediated syncytium formation. (jenner.ac.uk)
We conclude that the initial interaction between gp120 and CD4 is not sufficient for HIV infection and syncytium formation and that CD4 plays a critical role in the subsequent virus-cell and cell-cell membrane fusion events. (jenner.ac.uk)
Methods are provided for the treatment of a HIV infection. (justia.com)
The methods can include administering to a subject with an HIV infection a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that interferes with the interaction of gp120 and α4 integrin, such as a α4β1 or α4β7 integrin antagonist, thereby treating the HIV infection. (justia.com)
Methods are also provided to reduce HIV replication or infection. (justia.com)
The primary immunologic abnormality resulting from infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the progressive depletion and functional impairment of T lymphocytes expressing the CD4 cell surface glycoprotein. (justia.com)
Studies of HIV-1 infection of fractionated CD4 and CD8 T-cells from normal donors and AIDS patients have revealed that depletion of CD4 T-cells results from the ability of HIV-1 to selectively infect, replicate in, and ultimately destroy this T lymphocyte subset (Klatzmann et al. (justia.com)
Thus, a need remains for additional agents that can be used to study HIV infection in vitro, and is of use for treating or preventing HIV replication in vivo. (justia.com)
Exclude HIV infection in any patient who presents with these conditions. (medscape.com)
HIV-1 genetic diversity to estimate time of infection and infer adherence to preexposure prophylaxis. (cdc.gov)

This trial (known as RV 144) showed that the combined vaccine was safe and 31 percent effective in preventing new HIV infections. (sciencedaily.com)
This relates to the field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), specifically to the use of α4 integrin antagonists for the treatment of HIV infections. (justia.com)
1.HIV infections - diagnosis 2.AIDS serodiagnosis - standards 3.Reagent kits, Diagnostic - standards 4.Guidelines I.Title. (cdc.gov)

Compounds of interest include not only classical "drug-like" organic small molecules, but also peptides, proteins, and other bioactive chemical classes. (cancer.gov)
Many cryptic peptides of HIV-1 envelope proteins have already been proven to activate myeloid cells via FPR and/or FPRL1. (bakingandbakingscience.com)
Two peptides, named V3 and F, produced from the HIV-1LAV envelope protein gp120, are great activators of FPRL1 [39] also, [40]. (bakingandbakingscience.com)

The env genes contain a cis-acting RNA target sequence for the rev protein (= GENE PRODUCTS, REV ), termed the rev-responsive element (RRE). (lookformedical.com)

HIV has probably originated from multiple zoonotic transmissions of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) from non-human primates to humans in West and Central Africa. (benthamscience.com)

Rhesus macaques were infected with a chimeric SIV-HIV (SHIV 89.6P). This viral strain in this animal induces rapid CD4 depletion within weeks. (natap.org)

These methods inactivate HIV without causing major structural and physical damage to the virion, including gp120. (aphios.com)
We expect the inactivated attenuated virion to behave similarly to live HIV, with the exception of integration and replication. (aphios.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a diploid virus: each virion carries two complete RNA genomic strands. (cdc.gov)

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. (lookformedical.com)
They are usually synthesized as protein precursors (POLYPROTEINS) and later cleaved into the final viral envelope glycoproteins by a viral protease. (lookformedical.com)
Hence, molecular characterization of its epitope, which corresponds to a conserved cluster of oligomannoses on the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120, is a high priority in HIV vaccine design. (boku.ac.at)

Another design strategy was developed using gammaretroviruses backbone where 2 domains were substituted with HIV epitopes in the N-terminal part of the ectodomain and the membrane proximal external region (MPER) respectively. (europa.eu)

Several in vitro studies have shown that the binding of HIV envelope protein gp120 to chemokine receptors leads to activation of the caspase pathway and axonal degeneration. (medscape.com)
Receptors, HIV" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Receptors, HIV" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Receptors, HIV" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Receptors, HIV" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
Studies on other pattern recognition receptors, include peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), TREM-1, Toll-like receptors (TLR) have revealed how unique pathogen-associated molecules are recognized by the immune system. (scripps.edu)
Disruption of the HIV-1 Env interaction with such alternate receptors could be one strategy to prevent HIV-1 entry through the mucosal barrier. (duke.edu)
In addition to HIV-1, monocytes treated with purified HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 demonstrated a comparable modulation of chemotactic ligand receptors and migratory function. (johnshopkins.edu)
Proteins containing protein transduction domains (PTD) have been shown to rapidly traverse biological membranes in a relatively nonspecific fashion without the aid of protein receptors. (uic.edu)
A family of structurally-related cell-surface receptors that signal through an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE. (edu.au)

Included are CD4 ANTIGENS, found on T4 lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophages, which bind to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120. (harvard.edu)
In fact, the true gp120 was shown to be absent from some commercial Western blot antigens. (cdc.gov)

Recent advances in cryoelectron tomography (cryo-ET) have provided a new approach for determining the 3D structures of the intact virus, the HIV capsid, and the envelope glycoproteins located on the viral surface. (tmc.edu)

In studies presented here, normal monocytes were infected with the HIV-1/HTLV-III(Ba-L) isolate in vitro and evaluated for chemotactic responsiveness. (johnshopkins.edu)
In addition, the HIV-1 or HIV-1 gp120-treated monocytes were induced to undergo differentiation as monitored by HLA-DR expression. (johnshopkins.edu)
Taken together, these data indicate that the initial interaction of HIV-1 with the monocyte is not passive, but that the binding of HIV-1 and/or HIV-1 gp120 to the CD4R on monocytes transduces a signal leading to transient monocyte activation. (johnshopkins.edu)
Hp(2C20), an antibacterial, cecropin-like peptide produced from the N-terminal series of ribosomal protein L1, activates both calcium mineral mobilization as well as the NADPH oxidase in neutrophils via FPRL1 also to a lesser extent in monocytes via FPRL2 [17], [42]. (bakingandbakingscience.com)

Among the problems inherent to sCD4 was its inability to efficiently neutralize primary isolates of HIV. (justia.com)

Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation , and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. (bvsalud.org)

The IC95 of 810 was ca. 15-100 nM against a variety of HIV strains in lymphocytes and macrophages, and the IC50 in culture was only 4 nM against a virus clone resistant to all currently licensed classes of antiretrovirals -- meaning the drug should not be cross-resistant with currently available classes of drugs. (natap.org)

Further investigation suggests that these Anticalins are able to block the interaction between DC-SIGN and the HIV envelope protein gp120 and thus might be able to impede HIV attachment to dendritic cells. (tum.de)
The methods include contacting a cell with an effective amount of an agent that interferes with the interaction of gp120 and α4 integrin, such as a α4β1 or α4β7 integrin antagonist. (justia.com)

Thirty years after the first description of AIDS, an estimated 35.0 million [33.2 million-37.2 million] people were living with HIV at the end of 2013. (benthamscience.com)
Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery in the fight against HIV/AIDS with the successful resolution of the enigmatic immune-evading HIV protein complex. (medindia.net)
Our therapeutic HIV/AIDS vaccine consists of an inactivated a strain of HIV, inactivated by three orthogonal methods: a genetic method to attenuate the virus, a physical method called CFI and a chemical method called AT-2. (aphios.com)
We are seeking global partnerships for developing an HIV therapeutic vaccine that could lead to a functional cure for HIV/AIDS patients. (aphios.com)
Major scientific obstacles blocking the development of a successful preventive HIV vaccine are the extraordinary variability of HIV, the lack of an exact animal model of HIV-induced AIDS, and the lack of understanding of the correlates of positive immunity to HIV. (johnshopkins.edu)
Also, see eMedicineHealth's patient education article HIV/AIDS. (medscape.com)
AIDS Coordinator and the US Department of Health and Human Services do not warrant or represent that the evaluations conducted with the HIV test kits referred to information in this document is accurate, complete and/or error-free. (cdc.gov)

We assessed willingness to participate in an HIV recombinant gp120 bivalent subtypes B/E candidate vaccine efficacy trial among 193 injection drag users (IDUs) attending drag treatment clinics in Bangkok, Thailand. (nyu.edu)

In vivo, the different HIV-strains use either CCR5 or CXCR4 as coreceptor. (mpg.de)

Previous experiments in chimpanzees showed that good humoral and cellular responses could be induced with an inactivated, whole HIV immunogen. (aphios.com)
By using Schistosoma-infected mice, with a pre-existent Th2 immune background, we demonstrate that oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) immunostimulatory sequences co-administered with inactivated, gp120-depleted HIV-1 viral particles (HIV-1 immunogen) lead to potent Th1 anti-HIV-1 immune responses overcoming the Th2 bias. (bgu.ac.il)
In contrast, Schistosoma-infected mice immunized with HIV-1 immunogen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant only, induced Th2 anti-HIV-1 immune responses. (bgu.ac.il)

The Evolving HIV-1 Epidemic in Warao Amerindians Is Dominated by an Extremely High Frequency of CXCR4-Utilizing Strains. (harvard.edu)
As reported by Vincent Calvez, due to in vitro activity against multinucleoside resistant strains, MIV-310 7.5 mg qd was added to the therapy of 15 patients with >2 nucleoside analog mutations, and median 3.93 log copies HIV RNA. (natap.org)
Naturally occurring recombinant HIV strains have been found in infected patients in regions of the world where multiple genotypic variants cocirculate. (cdc.gov)
HIV-1 strains with chimeric information may degenerate into gibberish. (cdc.gov)

The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)

We tested this concept by administering two immunizations of alum-adjuvanted HIV-1 89.6 gp120 to macaques being primed at weeks 0 and 8 with SHIV 89.6 Gag-Pol-Env DNA and boosted at week 24 with SHIV-89.6 Gag-Pol-Env recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA). (nih.gov)

Here, we link structural and experimental data showing how conformational alterations of the envelope trimer render viruses exceptionally sensitive to V3 Abs. (nih.gov)
Structural basis of coreceptor recognition by HIV-1 envelope spike. (harvard.edu)
The 1918 flu, which killed 20-40 million people worldwide, is being investigated through structural and binding studies of the 1918 viral proteins, such as the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase, as well as other the viral proteins. (scripps.edu)
I also directed the Joint Center for Structural Genomics (2000-2016) that pioneers new high throughput methodologies and technologies for protein production, structure determination and functional analysis in order to investigate the Expanding Protein Universe and the human gut microbiome and other high-value targets in the regulation of stem cells and T cells. (scripps.edu)
The structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and some of its components have been difficult to study in three-dimensions (3D) primarily because of their intrinsic structural variability. (tmc.edu)
In this review, we summarize the many examples of immunoadhesins in the literature, and discuss some essential structural and functional features of this expanding fanuly of recombinant proteins. (coek.info)
Table 1 lists the major structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome. (cdc.gov)

The AIDSVAX vaccine was based on the gp120 envelope protein. (sciencedaily.com)

The high affinity binding site for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp120 resides within the amino-terminal domain (D1) of CD4. (jenner.ac.uk)

Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Envelope Glycoprotein Variants Selected for Resistance to a CD4-Mimetic Compound. (harvard.edu)
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is critical to pandemic control. (emmes.com)
It is estimated that over 15 million people are suffering from the disease and many more are harboring the dreaded Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (medindia.net)
We evaluated the ability of an integrase (IN)-defective self-inactivating lentiviral vector (sinLV) for the delivery of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope sequences in mice to elicit specific immune responses. (duke.edu)
A phagemid library of the human tear lipocalin with 18 randomized amino acid positions was employed in a combinatorial protein design approach. (tum.de)
External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
Ending 2 years of troubling silence since this group first described the antiretroviral activity of diketobutanoic acids (DKAs) that specifically and potently inhibit the critical strand transfer step of the integration of the HIV provirus into the human genome, Hazuda and Young drew back the curtain to reveal oral integrase inhibitors ready for Phase I human study. (natap.org)
These drugs were found to be orally bioavailable and inhibit 50% of HIV replication in culture at a concentration of 0.25 M. This respectable IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50%) was found in the presence of 50% human serum. (natap.org)
we demonstrate that human milk can inhibit the dc-sign-mediated transfer of hiv-1 to cd4+ t lymphocytes as well as viral transfer by both immature and mature dcs. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, like and 3) subsequent offspring carry genetic all retroviruses, is "diploid. (cdc.gov)

In parallel, a questionnaire was submitted to a population of women in Haiti to assess their willingness to participate in a future HIV vaccine trial. (europa.eu)

The experiments interrogated the neutralization sensitivity of pseudoviruses with single amino acid mutations in various regions of gp120 that were predicted to alter packing of the V3 loop in the Env trimer. (nih.gov)
Different rules have been published based on the amino acid sequence of the Env-V3 region of HIV-gp120, which is known to be the major determinant of coreceptor usage. (mpg.de)

In fact, when new combinations between different HIV-1 subtypes occurs, it results in different Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs), some developed into Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) as propagated in three or more epidemiologically unlinked individuals. (benthamscience.com)

A second cluster of mAbs, which recognize the CDR-3 like loop, did not block gp120 binding as demonstrated by their ability to form ternary complexes with CD4 and gp120. (jenner.ac.uk)

They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, the prevent the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
A reduction of 75% in the expression of TK mRNA and protein was observed in HSV-1-infected cells that expressed these functional EGS RNAs. (azd1152.com)

The necessary vaccine strategy for HIV may, therefore, resemble the situation that currently exists with influenza vaccination, where annual shots that target the predominant viral strain, which differs from year to year, are needed. (aphios.com)
Vaccination against HIV-1 of hosts with a dominant Th2 immune profile may fail to induce essential protective Th1 immune responses. (bgu.ac.il)
According to a paper published by the Salk Institute in San Diego, they've discovered that the spike protein that's generated through the vaccination itself has negative health effects. (tapnewswire.com)
The pro-vaccination PhD had shocking warnings he needed to get out regarding the spike proteins produced by the Pfizer and Moderna shots or injected directly as part of the Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca shots. (freedomontario26.ca)

Adaptation of HIV-1 to cells with low expression of the CCR5 coreceptor. (harvard.edu)
Phenotypic Coreceptor Tropism in Perinatally HIV-infected Youth Failing Antiretroviral Therapy. (harvard.edu)
LIME: a new membrane Raft-associated adaptor protein involved in CD4 and CD8 coreceptor signaling. (exbio.cz)
HIV infects target cells by binding of its envelope gp120 protein to CD4 and a coreceptor on the cell surface. (mpg.de)

Octapeptide sharing sequence homology with HIV envelope protein gp120. (wikipedia.org)
BALB/c mice were immunized with a single intramuscular injection of the IN-defective sinLV expressing the codon optimized HIV-1(JR-FL) gp120 sequence, and results were compared with those for the IN-competent counterpart. (duke.edu)

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. (lookformedical.com)

The integrase enzyme of HIV mediates the splicing of the HIV genome into the host cell DNA and is required for replication. (natap.org)
The replication error rate for HIV is such that viral particle derive from the same parent each newly synthesized HIV genome carries on provirus. (cdc.gov)

HIV is so highly mutable that replication of the virus in an infected person gives rise to a genetically diverse population of circulating virus, and this variability helps the virus evade detection and neutralization by the immune system. (sciencedaily.com)
Certain features of HIV replication, such as syncytium formation and transactivation, may be best understood as components of a sexual reproductive cycle. (cdc.gov)

Each randomized group received either a high dose of the ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) vaccine alone or a lower dose of the vaccine combined with the AS01B adjuvant or another adjuvant, MF-59. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)

It's a monkey virus coming out of a monkey cell line and that's the problem, but the spike protein is clearly [causing] the disease. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
But I think maybe the most disturbing thing is they actually modified the [RNA] code so that it doesn't produce a normal version of the spike protein. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
It produces a version that has a couple of prolines in it, side by side at the critical place where this spike protein normally would fuse with the cell that it's infecting. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
mRNA has a half-life of around one to two weeks, depending on the mRNA, and during that interim, each mRNA molecule makes around 2,000 to 5,000 spike proteins. (tapnewswire.com)
So, we're talking about trillions and trillions of spike proteins. (tapnewswire.com)
Your entire body becomes a spike protein factory. (tapnewswire.com)
Those are the cells that get infected and begin to produce spike proteins. (tapnewswire.com)
But here we're injecting the vaccine and it actually travels to every single cell in your body and converts every single cell in your body into a factory for spike proteins. (tapnewswire.com)
As the mRNA disseminates through your vascular system, the cells lining your blood vessels begin producing spike protein . (tapnewswire.com)
This is a serious problem, as the spike protein is a toxin shown to cause cardiovascular and neurological damage. (freedomontario26.ca)
But what recent peer-reviewed studies have indicated is that the spike proteins are not remaining localized as they were intended. (freedomontario26.ca)
What makes it worse is that there's no way to tell when the spike proteins will "dislodge" from the tissue in the arm. (freedomontario26.ca)

Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind glucocorticoids and mediate their cellular effects. (edu.au)
Glucocorticoids were named for their actions on blood glucose concentration, but they have equally important effects on protein and fat metabolism. (edu.au)

The spring-loaded V3 in the envelope trimer is easily released by disruption of the stability of the V3 pocket in the unliganded trimer or disruption of favorable V3/pocket interactions. (nih.gov)
The general interests of our laboratory concern biochemical and NMR studies of protein-protein interactions. (uic.edu)

The viral proteins are then transferred onto nitrocellulose paper and reacted with the patient's serum. (cdc.gov)
Positive and negative control serum specimens are run simultaneously to allow identification of viral proteins. (cdc.gov)
Serum amyloid A (SAA), a protein secreted through the severe phase of irritation and involved with chronic inflammation-associated systemic amyloidosis, was the initial amyloidogenic ligand discovered to become particular for FPRL1 [44]. (bakingandbakingscience.com)

SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi , " Frontiers in HIV Research ", Bentham Science Publishers (2016). (benthamscience.com)

Current viral systems under study include HIV, SARS Coronavirus, Ebola and Influenza. (uic.edu)
protective cytotoxic t-cell responses induced by venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons expressing ebola virus proteins. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Much of our recent work is focused on HIV-1 and influenza viruses. (scripps.edu)

Anatomy6

Organisms5

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes10

Information Science3

Antibodies34

Gp4117

Antibody25

Conformation4

Binds5

Vaccines9

Receptor13

Glycoprotein 1203

Infection33

Infections3

Peptides3

Gene Products1

Humans1

Induces1

Virion3

Viral envelope3

Epitopes1

Receptors9

Antigens2

Glycoproteins1

Monocytes4

Neutralize1

Glycosylation sites1

Macrophages1

Interaction2

AIDS7

Bivalent1

VIVO1

Immunogen3

Strains4

Matrix Proteins1

89.61

Structural7

AIDSVAX1

Affinity1

Human12

Willingness to participate1

Amino2

Subtypes1

MAbs1

MRNA and protein2

Vaccination4

Coreceptor4

Sequence2

Capsid1

Genome2

Replication2

ALVAC-HIV1

Spike12

Glucocorticoids2

Interactions2

Serum3

20161

Ebola2

Viruses1