Hiv 1 antibodies. Medical search. Frequent questions

The HIV-1 antigen is an earlier tip-off to HIV-1 infection than HIV-1 antibodies by themselves. (medscape.com)
This test helps diagnose HIV infection at an earlier time in outreach settings, allowing individuals to seek medical care sooner," said Karen Midthun, MD, director of the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research in a news release. (medscape.com)
They individually probed 30,000 of one woman's antibody-producing B cells and isolated two that were able to stop more than 70% of 162 divergent HIV strains from establishing an infection. (wikipedia.org)
However, it is still under study whether bNAbs could prevent HIV infection. (wikipedia.org)
In the early and late stages of HIV-1 infection, however, antibody titers to specific proteins may vary considerably, and the use of different sets of WB criteria may result in an incomparable interpretation (e.g., an interpretation of a WB band pattern classified as reactive using one set of WB interpretive criteria may be indeterminate using another set of criteria). (cdc.gov)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are currently under development to treat and prevent HIV-1 infection. (nature.com)
We find that frequently arising antibodies that normally fail to control HIV-1 infection can synergize with passively administered bNAbs by preventing the emergence of bNAb viral escape variants. (harvard.edu)
Nonetheless, in cases of chronic inflammation and infection as in HIV, rare antibodies with lipid affinity can emerge 5 - 8 . (elifesciences.org)
We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
and monoclonal recombinant antibodies are also currently being pursued for prevention of HIV-1 infection in large Phase IIb clinical trials (NTC02716675 and NCT02568215). (frontiersin.org)
The Reveal™ Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test is intended for use as a point-of-care test to aid in the diagnosis of infection with HIV -1. (who.int)
The HIV antibody tests checks for the immune response to an HIV infection. (onedaytests.com)
Because there is a delay between infection and the development of antibodies, if infection has occurred recently, the test may still be negative. (onedaytests.com)
This can usually be detected before the antibodies are produced (usually 2-3 weeks after infection) and can therefore allow for earlier detection. (onedaytests.com)
During this time, the question of whether this infection route favours viral evasion of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) targeting the virus envelope glycoprotein (Env) has been repeatedly investigated, but with conflicting results. (ox.ac.uk)
In this review we focus on the most critical question concerning the activity of NAbs against cell-to-cell transmission: is NAb inhibition of cell-to-cell HIV-1 quantitatively or qualitatively different from cell-free infection? (ox.ac.uk)
Overall, data consistently show that NAbs are capable of blocking HIV-1 infection at synapses, supporting the concept that cell-to-cell infection occurs through directed transfer of virions accessible to the external environment. (ox.ac.uk)
The estimated prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States population is an important measure of the extent of the medical and financial burden the nation faces due to this virus. (cdc.gov)
Both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunologic abnormalities and serum anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) have been reported in patients with HIV-1 infection. (usuhs.edu)
The HIV-1 regulatory protein tat is considered an attractive target for the development of a multicomponent vaccine against HIV-1 infection. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Led by Ruth Ruprecht, M.D., Ph.D., the team used an animal model to show for the first time that an antibody called Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was effective in preventing infection after mucosal AIDS virus exposure. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (frenovobio.com)
The general method of detecting infection with HIV is to observe the presence of antibodies to the virus by an EIA method followed by confirmation with Western Blot. (frenovobio.com)
Before the publication, tandem bi-specific bnAb has not been previously investigated in vivo against HIV-1 infection. (familywnews.com)
Therefore, the research team provides a proof-of-concept that BiIA-SG is a novel universal antibody drug for prevention and immunotherapy against HIV-1 infection. (familywnews.com)
Since the first reports of HIV infection in the early 1980s, multiple clinical trials have tested potential vaccines against the virus, but unfortunately, HIV has numerous defense mechanisms that prevent a person's immune system from mounting an effective response following HIV vaccination. (sciencedaily.com)
A large-scale clinical trial has demonstrated the efficacy of a new therapeutic protocol to treat cryptococcal meningitis associated with HIV infection and shown that it leads to fewer adverse effects. (pasteur.fr)
These data suggest that B-cell function can contribute to the long-term control of pVL, and that NAbs may be more important in controlling chronic HIV-1 infection than previously suspected. (ox.ac.uk)
The identification of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) able to neutralize a broad spectrum of primary HIV-1 isolates is highly important for understanding the immune response of HIV-1 infection and developing vaccines and therapeutics. (oncotarget.com)
Therefore, Y498 is a novel neutralizing human mAb targeting a conformation-dependent CD4bs-based epitope, and its isolation and characterization could provide helpful information for elucidating human immune response to HIV-1 infection and designing effective vaccines and immunotherapeutics. (oncotarget.com)
It is believed that the isolation and characterization of such broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from different HIV-1-infected donors are critical for understanding human B cell-mediated immune response to HIV-1 infection and for designing immunogens that can elicit bnAbs by vaccination. (oncotarget.com)
It is thought that EVD survivors are protected against subsequent infection with EBOV and that neutralising antibodies to the viral surface glycoprotein (GP) are potential correlates of protection. (populationhealthsciences.org)
Thus, the gp41 commensal bacterial antigen cross-reactive antibodies originate in the intestine, and the gp41 Env response in HIV-1 infection can be derived from a preinfection memory B cell pool triggered by commensal bacteria that cross-react with Env. (blogspot.com)
Using the IAVI Protocol C HIV infection cohort, we examine the relationship between S. mansoni seropositivity and development of bnAbs targeting glycan-dependent epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
Widespread use of the HIV antigen (Ag)/antibody (Ab) immunoassay (formerly known as the "4th-generation" test) can increase the number of people aware of their HIV status, including those who may transmit HIV during acute infection. (hivguidelines.org)
This review looks at the burden of HIV infection in Somali and the impact of civil war on its epidemiology. (who.int)
However, due to the ongoing war HIV sentinel surveillance cannot reach most of the affected areas in Somalia and the current HIV infection problem may be greater than the figures indicate. (who.int)
In this review we look at the burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Somalia and the impact of civil war on its epidemiology. (who.int)
Vaccine-induced V3 Abs are associated with reduced HIV infection rates in humans and affect the nature of transmitted viruses in infected vaccinees, despite the fact that V3 is often occluded in the envelope trimer. (nih.gov)
The levels of antibodies to the third variable region (V3) of the HIV envelope protein correlate with reduced HIV infection rates. (nih.gov)
Taken together, these and previous studies explain how V3 antibodies can protect against HIV-1 infection and why they should be one of the targets of vaccine-induced antibodies. (nih.gov)
HIV is spread through contact with blood and other body fluids from a person who has an HIV infection. (medlineplus.gov)
AIDS is the final, most serious stage of an HIV infection. (medlineplus.gov)
PEP may prevent an HIV infection if it is started within three days after a possible exposure. (medlineplus.gov)
HIV antibodies are disease-fighting proteins that your immune system makes when you have an HIV infection. (medlineplus.gov)
An antibody test may find HIV antibodies as early as 23 days after infection, but it may take as long as 90 days before your body makes enough antibodies to show up on this test. (medlineplus.gov)
In general, lab tests can find antibodies sooner after infection than other HIV antibody tests. (medlineplus.gov)
An antigen is the part of the HIV virus that triggers your immune system to fight the infection. (medlineplus.gov)
It presents information on common symptoms of HIV infection in children, course of HIV infection in infants and children, diagnosis of HIV/AIDS when HIV testing is unavailable, care for infants and ch. (bvsalud.org)
Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition resulting from disease (e.g., invasive, or malignant cancers), other than HIV infection in the HIV Cohort. (who.int)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved the first rapid diagnostic test to spot antibodies to both HIV types 1 and 2 as well as the HIV-1 p24 antigen. (medscape.com)
The Alere Determine HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo test, manufactured by Orgenics of Yavne, Israel, can detect HIV antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen in human serum, plasma, and venous or fingerstick whole-blood specimens. (medscape.com)
The new test can tell the difference between acute vs established HIV-1 infections when the blood specimen tests positive for the p24 antigen, but negative for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. (medscape.com)
In the process of engaging the antigen, antibodies complementarity-determining regions (CDR) may need to navigate interactions with or concealment by lipid molecules. (elifesciences.org)
Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. (frontiersin.org)
The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions are also involved in activation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators ( 12 , 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this test procedure, recombinant HIV antigen is immobilized in the test line region of the device. (frenovobio.com)
After a Whole Blood /Serum / Plasma specimen is placed in the specimen well, it reacts with HIV antigen coated particles that have been applied to the specimen pad. (frenovobio.com)
This mixture migrates chromatographically along the length of the test strip and interacts with the immobilized HIV antigen. (frenovobio.com)
When a serum/plasma sample is added, it rehydrates the gold-antigen conjugate, and the HIV1/2 antibodies, if any in samples, interact with the gold-conjugated antigen. (artronlab.com)
The antigen-antibody-gold complex will migrate toward the test window until the test zone (T) where they are captured by immobilized antigen, forming a visible red line (Test band) indicating positive results. (artronlab.com)
Remarkably, a majority (82%) of the ileum anti-gp41 antibodies cross-reacted with commensal bacteria, and of those, 43% showed non-HIV-1 antigen polyreactivity. (blogspot.com)
HIV antibody/antigen tests are the most commonly used HIV tests. (medlineplus.gov)
Report 15, Antigen/antibody ELISAs. (who.int)

Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) are neutralizing antibodies which neutralize multiple HIV-1 viral strains. (wikipedia.org)
The discovery of bNAbs has led to an important area of research, namely, discovery of a vaccine, not only limited to HIV, but also other rapidly mutating viruses like influenza. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The following table shows the characteristics of various HIV-1 bNAbs In addition to targeting conserved epitopes, bNAbs are known to have long variable regions on their immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes and subclasses. (wikipedia.org)
Indeed HIV-1 patients who develop bNAbs have been shown to have high germinal center activity as exhibited by their comparatively higher levels of plasma CXCL13, which is a biomarker of germinal center activity. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Online databases like bNAber and LANL constantly report and update the discovery of new HIV bNAbs. (wikipedia.org)
Over time more bNAbs were isolated, while single cell antibody cloning made it possible to produce large quantities of the antibodies for study. (wikipedia.org)
Low levels of bNAbs are now found in up to 25% of HIV patients. (wikipedia.org)
bNAbs evolve over years, accumulating some three times as many mutations as other antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
By 2006, researchers had identified a few so-called "broadly neutralizing antibodies" (bNAbs) that worked on multiple HIV strains. (wikipedia.org)
Since 2009, researchers have identified more than 50 HIV bNAbs. (wikipedia.org)
In 2009, researchers isolated and characterized the first HIV bNAbs seen in a decade. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike most other bNAbs, these antibodies do not bind to known epitopes, on Env or on Env's subunits (gp120 or gp41). (wikipedia.org)
Several bNAbs have been tested to date in HIV-1-infected individuals, including the CD4-binding, site-specific antibodies VRC01, 3BNC117, VRC07-523LS and N6-LS, the V3-glycan-specific antibody 10-1074 and the V2-apex-specific antibodies PGDM1400 and CAP256-VRC26.25 (refs. (nature.com)
In these studies, bNAb resistance emerged in nearly all treated participants who received monotherapy, but in two notable cases 4 the repeated administration of a combination of two bNAbs in the setting of viremia maintained viral suppression for 3 months without development of resistance to either antibody. (nature.com)
Antibody-mediated immunotherapy is effective in humanized mice when combinations of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are used that target nonoverlapping sites on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope. (harvard.edu)
A potent class of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targets the envelope glycoprotein's membrane proximal exposed region (MPER) through a proposed mechanism where hypervariable loops embed into lipid bilayers and engage headgroup moieties alongside the epitope. (elifesciences.org)
All-atom simulations of 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8 and LN01 docked onto HIV-like membranes consistently form phospholipid complexes at key complementarity-determining region loop sites, solidifying that stable and specific lipid interactions anchor bnAbs to membrane surfaces. (elifesciences.org)
We sought to address this phenomenon for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8, and LN01 of unique lineages which all target the semi-concealed membrane-proximal epitope region (MPER) 13 - 16 of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). (elifesciences.org)
Targeting germline (gl-) precursors of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is acknowledged as an important strategy for HIV-1 vaccines. (amsterdamumc.org)
Since it is extremely difficult to develop an appropriate immunogen to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against genetically divergent HIV-1 subtypes, developing existing bnAbs as passive immunization becomes a useful approach for HIV-1 prophylaxis and immunotherapy. (familywnews.com)
Naturally occurring HIV-1 resistant strains, however, are readily found against these so-called bnAbs and result in the failure of durable viral suppression in bnAb-based monotherapy. (familywnews.com)
The HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). (ox.ac.uk)
Although glycan-binding bnAbs are frequently detected in HIV-infected individuals, attempts to elicit them have been unsuccessful because of the poor immunogenicity of Env N-glycans. (ox.ac.uk)
Overall, these results present a strategy for elicitation of glycan-reactive bnAbs which could be exploited in HIV-1 vaccine development. (ox.ac.uk)

They described the exact viral component, or epitope that triggered the antibody. (wikipedia.org)
Giving patients a modified gp120 that contains little more than the epitope that both antibodies target could act to "prime" the immune system, followed by a booster that contains trimer spikes in the most natural configuration possible. (wikipedia.org)
Due to its small size, this domain antibody targets a hidden CD4-induced (CD4i) epitope on HIV-1 and has the ability to neutralize primary isolates of HIV-1 from different clades more efficiently than full-size antibodies. (nih.gov)
A current strategy for the design of neutralizing antibody-based vaccines to prevent HIV-1 transmission is that of reverse engineering, starting from a neutralizing antibody and working back to reconstruct its epitope by structure-based design technology. (ox.ac.uk)
Scholars@Duke publication: Vaccine-induced HIV-1 envelope gp120 constant region 1-specific antibodies expose a CD4-inducible epitope and block the interaction of HIV-1 gp140 with galactosylceramide. (duke.edu)
C1-specific IgG monoclonal antibodies that blocked Env binding to Galcer induced upregulation of the gp120 CD4-inducible (CD4i) epitope bound by MAb 17B, demonstrating that a conformational change in gp120 may be required for Galcer blocking. (duke.edu)

By engineering a tandem bi-specific broadly neutralizing antibody, the team found that this novel antibody drug is universally effective not only against all genetically divergent global HIV-1 strains tested but also promoting the elimination of latently infected cells in a humanized mouse model. (familywnews.com)
When injected into a patient, the AAV therapy (called AAV8-VRC07) enters muscle cells, where the genetic sequence is read and translated to produce large quantities of the broadly neutralizing antibody (called VRC07) that are pumped out of the cells and travel through the blood to seek out their target. (sciencedaily.com)
As with antiretroviral therapy, while broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) therapy appears to result in a significant reduction in viral load, administration of a single antibody therapy tends to result in a short-lived benefit as the viral develops resistance. (hcplive.com)
In the HIV field, Dr. Bonsignori isolated multiple broadly neutralizing antibody B cell lineages from chronically HIV-1 infected individuals and characterized antibody/virus co-evolution to rationally select immunogen candidates for sequential vaccination schemes. (nih.gov)

however, ~20% of HIV-1-infected individuals do develop antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 isolates. (oncotarget.com)
Antibodies (Abs) specific for the V3 loop of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope neutralize most tier 1 and many tier 2 viruses and are present in essentially all HIV-infected individuals as well as immunized humans and animals. (nih.gov)

The work provides insights into how broadly neutralizing antibodies associate with lipids proximal to membrane-associated epitopes to drive neutralization. (elifesciences.org)
Antibodies can target epitopes on integral membrane proteins very near to the lipid bilayer surface, even those partially embedded within the headgroup region. (elifesciences.org)
A better understanding of how antibodies develop membrane affinity and target membrane-proximal epitopes would be impactful for antibody therapeutics, auto-immunity, and vaccine development 10 - 12 . (elifesciences.org)
Epitopes for neutralizing antibodies induced by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein BG505 SOSIP trimers in rabbits and macaques. (harvard.edu)
Monoclonal antibody 2909 belongs to a class of potently neutralizing antibodies that recognize quaternary epitopes on HIV-1. (jzhulab.org)

Antibodies require antigens to trigger them and these were not originally identified. (wikipedia.org)
The combination of electrophoretic separation of complex mixtures of antigens with the highly sensitive immunoblotting technique has been useful in characterizing the antigenic profile of HIV-1 and describing the immune response to this virus in exposed or infected persons. (cdc.gov)
The position of bands on the nitrocellulose strips allows this antibody reactivity to be associated with specific viral antigens. (cdc.gov)
During incubation, if HIV-1 antibodies are present in the specimen, they will bind to the viral antigens bound to the nitrocellulose strips. (cdc.gov)
If antibodies to any of the major HIV-1 antigens are present in the specimen in sufficient concentration, bands corresponding to the position of one or more of the following HIV-1 proteins (p) or glycoproteins (gp) will be seen on the nitrocellulose strip: p17, p24, p31, gp41, p51, p66, gp120, gp160 (number refers to apparent molecular mass in kilodaltons). (cdc.gov)
The antibody specificity of only a small amount of the total CSF IgG in these patients is known, and is directed against a variety of HIV-1 antigens. (usuhs.edu)
Specific HIV1/2 antigens, GP41 and GP 36, are 1) conjugated with colloidal gold and deposited on the conjugate pad and 2) immobilized on test zone (T) on the nitrocellulose membrane, respectively. (artronlab.com)
Y498 cross-reacted with diverse Env antigens and neutralized 30% of 70 tested HIV-1 isolates. (oncotarget.com)
They look for HIV antibodies and antigens in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)

PGT121 is a monoclonal antibody isolated in 2011 from an African donor infected with HIV-1 subtype A, whose sera had demonstrated superior neutralization breadth and potency in an observational cohort, and so was considered an 'elite neutralizer' 9 . (nature.com)
This work represents the first successful AAV-based production of a monoclonal antibody of any kind in people," says co-author Alejandro B. Balazs, PhD, who created the vector used in the trial and is a principal investigator at the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, where his laboratory is continuing to develop this technology. (sciencedaily.com)
Additional Tat inhibitors that straight contend with Tat function consist of anti-Tat monoclonal antibody and single-chain anti-Tat antibodies [25-29]. (thetechnoant.info)

IMPORTANCE: Galactosyl ceramide, a glycosphingolipid, has been postulated to be a receptor for the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) interaction with mucosal epithelial cells. (duke.edu)
The CCR5 co-receptor binds to the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein and facilitates HIV-1 entry into cells. (duke.edu)

Rabbit anti HIV-1 Tat polyclonal antibody recognises Tat protein from HIV-1 Clade/Sub-types A and B for use in ELISA, Western blot and IFA applications. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
This polyclonal antibody recognizes Tat protein from HIV-1 Clade/Sub-types A and B. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
We compared the neutralizing activities of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparations, as well as ACE2-Fc soluble decoy protein in both assays and find an exceptionally high degree of concordance. (populationhealthsciences.org)

Immunogen was prepared from recombinant purified Tat protein (HIV-1 Clade B) expressed in E. coli . (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Here, we have mimicked this interaction by using an artificial membrane containing synthetic Galcer and recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins to identify antibodies that would block the HIV-1 Env-Galcer interaction. (duke.edu)
To understand this phenomenon, we examined anti-HIV responses in ileum B cells using recombinant antibody technology and probed their relationship to commensal bacteria. (blogspot.com)

Although all WB interpretations are based on detecting antibodies against specific viral proteins (Table 3), different organizations have promoted the use of different sets of criteria for interpreting HIV-1 band patterns in the WB test (Table 1). (cdc.gov)
The modeling platform developed here uncovers insights into lipid participation in antibodies' recognition of membrane proteins and highlights antibody features to prioritize in vaccine design. (elifesciences.org)
Specific HIV-1 proteins are fractionated according to molecular weight by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide slab gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). (cdc.gov)
The separated HIV-1 proteins are elecrotransferred from gel to a nitrocellulose membrane, which is then washed, blocked (to minimize nonspecific immunoglobulin binding), and packaged. (cdc.gov)
Visualization of the human immunoglobulins specifically bound to HIV-1 proteins is accomplished in situ by using a series of reactions with goat anti-human IgG conjugated with biotin, avidin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the HRP substrate 4-chloro-1-naphthol. (cdc.gov)
Different forms of sCD4 and their fusion proteins have been extensively studied in animal models and clinical trials as promising HIV-1 inhibitors. (nih.gov)
NCI researchers have further developed fusion proteins that combine a single human CD4 domain and a potent HIV-1 inhibitor. (nih.gov)
Optical microscopy, combined with fluorescent labels (such as GFP proteins and antibodies coupled with synthetic fluorophores), allows to showcase the specific structures of cells, including proteins. (pasteur.fr)
HIV-1 Env gp140 proteins bound to Galcer liposomes with Kds (dissociation constants) in the nanomolar range. (duke.edu)

Assay for the Confirmation and Differentiation of Individual Antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Whole Blood, Serum, or Plasma Specimens. (frenovobio.com)
Artron One Step Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1/2 (HIV1/2) Antibody Test is a rapid and convenient immunochromatographic assay used for the qualitative detection of antibodies against HIV type 1 and type 2 in human serum, plasma, or blood samples. (artronlab.com)
Artron One Step HIV 1/2 antibody test is an antibody-capture immunochromatographic assay, that detects the presence of HIV1/2 antibodies in blood samples. (artronlab.com)
We evaluated the suitability of EBOV GP pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to measure the neutralising ability of plasma from EVD survivors, when compared to results from a live EBOV neutralisation assay. (populationhealthsciences.org)
An anticipated correlate of such countermeasures is the level of neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, yet there is no consensus as to which assay should be used for such measurements. (populationhealthsciences.org)
A biosensor assay for studying ligand-membrane receptor interactions: Binding of antibodies and HIV-1 Env to chemokine receptors. (integralmolecular.com)

Monoclonal antibodies derived from blood plasma cells of acute HIV-1-infected individuals are predominantly targeted to the HIV Env gp41 and cross-reactive with commensal bacteria. (blogspot.com)
Mutated immunoglobulin G antibodies cross-reactive with both Env gp41 and microbiota could also be isolated from the ileum of HIV-1 uninfected individuals. (blogspot.com)

Ancillary protein-lipid contacts reveal surprising contributions from antibody framework regions. (elifesciences.org)
The P24 test actually tests for a protein produced by the HIV virus. (onedaytests.com)
The protein disappears from the blood once antibodies are produced and therefore the test becomes negative (usually after 1 - 2 months). (onedaytests.com)
The HIV Tat protein stands for "trans-activator of transcription," and is a viral regulatory protein. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
There, the tat protein binds to nascent HIV transcripts and assists in recruiting the transcriptional elongation factor pTEFb to improve the processivity of further viral gene transcription. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Tat protein is also immunogenic and antibodies (Ab) against tat have been correlated with delayed disease progression and may exert protective effects inhibiting HIV-1replication. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
By attaching to host protein CD4, BiIA-SG strategically ambushes invading HIV-1 particles to protect CD4 positive T cells. (familywnews.com)
An anticipated correlate of such countermeasures is the level of neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which engages with host ACE2 receptor for entry. (populationhealthsciences.org)
Comparing the neutralizing activities of various antibodies and ACE2-Fc soluble decoy protein in both assays revealed a high degree of concordance. (populationhealthsciences.org)

In the trial of eight adults with HIV, the treatment was safe and well tolerated, and all participants produced measurable amounts of anti-HIV antibodies in the blood. (sciencedaily.com)
Though the research is based on a small pool of participants, it suggests combining anti-HIV antibodies could help defeat resistance and suppress the virus. (hcplive.com)

Most HIV infections worldwide stem from HIV-1. (medscape.com)
HIV-2 infections occur mostly in West Africa. (medscape.com)
It is intended for professional use as an aid in the diagnosis of HIV infections. (artronlab.com)
Balazs notes that the results have wide-ranging clinical implications for potentially preventing or treating HIV and other infections. (sciencedaily.com)
It presents information on the diagnosis of AIDS when HIV testing is unavailable, the dual epidemic of HIV and tuberculosis, opportunistic infections and common treatments, basic nursing care for PLHA. (bvsalud.org)

These data suggest that further investigation of the potential of antibody-based therapeutic strategies for long-term suppression of HIV is warranted, including in individuals off ART and with low viral load. (nature.com)
To end the HIV/AIDS pandemic, it is important to discover either an effective vaccine or a therapeutic cure. (familywnews.com)
The two assays will help define correlates of protection for antibody-based countermeasures including therapeutic antibodies, immune γ-globulin or plasma preparations, and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. (populationhealthsciences.org)
to gather information from the natural evolution of B cell responses to inform effective immunogen designs, and to identify prophylactic and therapeutic antibody-based countermeasures. (nih.gov)

Pyrosequencing revealed shared HIV-1 antibody clonal lineages between ileum and blood. (blogspot.com)

In 1990, researchers identified the first HIV bNAb, far more powerful than any antibody seen before. (wikipedia.org)
Over a year, he repeatedly donated blood, which researchers used to create a timeline of changes in his virus' gp120, his antibody response and the ultimate emergence of a bNAb. (wikipedia.org)
A screen of massive gp120 libraries led to one that strongly bound both an original antibody and the mature bNAb that evolved from it. (wikipedia.org)
Recent years have seen an increase in HIV-1 bNAb discovery. (wikipedia.org)
To improve HIV-1 neutralization breadth and potency, bispecific bnAb, which blocks two essential steps of HIV-1 entry into target cells, have been engineered and show promising efficacy in animal models. (familywnews.com)
We show that the unmutated common ancestor of the N332/V3-specific bnAb lineage PCDN76, isolated from an HIV-infected donor with S. mansoni seropositivity, binds to S. mansoni cercariae while lacking reactivity to gp120. (ox.ac.uk)

Here, we investigate how the autologous antibody response in intact hosts can contribute to the success of immunotherapy. (harvard.edu)

American Red Cross (ARC) and Consortium for Retrovirus Serology Standardization (CRSS)) have recommended for antibody testing to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that duplicate repeat reactive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) screening results be confirmed by a supplemental test (1-6). (cdc.gov)
The Reveal™ Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test is a single use, qualitative immunoassay to detect antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) in human serum or plasma specimens. (who.int)
All specimens were tested using the Synthetic Peptide Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (Genetic Systems HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA) for the detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or type 2 (HIV-1 or HIV-2) or both (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Redmond, WA). (cdc.gov)
The One Step HIV AbTest is a qualitative membrane strip based immunoassay for the detection of HIV antibodies in Whole Blood /Serum / Plasma. (frenovobio.com)

It's also the first time we've had an approach capable of yielding broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV in humans," he says. (sciencedaily.com)

The Cambridge Biotech HIV-1 Western Blot Kit, when used as directed, will detect antibodies to HIV-1 when present in human serum or plasma. (cdc.gov)
Twelve HIV-1-infected patients had an abnormal serum aCL value and CSF immunologic abnormalities and 9 HIV-1-infected patients had either abnormal serum aCL or CSF immunologic abnormalities but not both, or were normal in both regards. (usuhs.edu)
One step HIV Ab Test is a simple, visual qualitative test that detects antibodies in human Whole Blood/serum/plasma. (frenovobio.com)

Laboratories were also provided descriptions of the various WB band pattern combinations that were representative of each organization's set of WB interpretive criteria (Table 1) and were asked to choose which WB patterns their laboratory would use to classify a specimen as HIV-1-antibody reactive. (cdc.gov)
These repeatedly reactive specimens were then tested with a more specific test, the Cambridge Biotech HIV-1 Western Blot Kit (Calypte Biomedical Corporation, Rockville, MD). (cdc.gov)
When an HIV test result is reactive, NYS law specifies that the healthcare provider who ordered testing (or their representative) is responsible for providing or arranging immediate follow-up HIV care. (hivguidelines.org)
1. Have reactive anti-HIV antibody at screening. (who.int)

The phase I clinical trial enrolled eight adults with HIV who were on stable antiretroviral therapy for at least three months. (sciencedaily.com)
The HIV-1(+) patient studied here was not taking antiretroviral drugs and was treated for pre-existing low-grade lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma by depletion of CD20+ B cells using rituximab. (ox.ac.uk)
Emphasize that rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is the standard of care for all individuals diagnosed with HIV. (hivguidelines.org)
A pair of new studies suggests combining 2 new broadly neutralizing antibodies might be an effective way to achieve long-term HIV viral suppression without the use of antiretroviral therapy. (hcplive.com)
A pair of new papers is fueling hope that a combination of next generation broadly neutralizing antibodies might be able to achieve long-term viral suppression of HIV without the need for a daily antiretroviral pill. (hcplive.com)
Broadly neutralizing antibodies have one key advantage over antiretroviral therapy: they have a longer half-life and thus don't require the daily, lifelong dosing regimen currently required of ART users. (hcplive.com)

These Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions provide a direct link between the innate and adaptive immune systems by combining the potent antiviral activity of innate effector cells with the diversity and specificity of the adaptive humoral response. (frontiersin.org)
The updated algorithm features a specific sequence of tests to provide maximal sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for HIV detection. (hivguidelines.org)

Any specimen that reacted in an initial test was retested in duplicate with the Genetic Systems HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA. (cdc.gov)
If the specimen contains HIV antibodies, a colored line will appear in the test line region indicating a positive result. (frenovobio.com)
If the specimen does not contain HIV antibodies, a colored line will not appear in this region indicating a negative result. (frenovobio.com)

Our study revealed that a class of vaccine-induced human antibodies potently blocks HIV-1 Env-Galcer binding by perturbing the HIV-1 Env conformation. (duke.edu)

Common features of mucosal and peripheral antibody responses elicited by candidate HIV-1 vaccines in rhesus monkeys. (harvard.edu)
We demonstrate that B-cell depletion results in a decline in autologous neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses and a 1.7 log(10) rise in HIV-1 plasma viral load (pVL). (ox.ac.uk)

It binds onto a sequence known as the TAR, or transactivator response element, located at the end of the HIV sequence. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
however, the trimer is flexible, allowing occluded portions of the envelope (like V3) to flicker into an exposed position that binds antibodies. (nih.gov)

The secondary endpoints were changes in anti-PGT121 antibody titers and CD4 + T-cell count, and development of HIV-1 sequence variations associated with PGT121 resistance. (nature.com)

He conducted postdoctoral research in the Department of Immunology at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee before being appointed research associate at the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, North Carolia, where his activity focused primarily on HIV vaccine development. (nih.gov)

PGT121 targets a V3-glycan-dependent site on HIV-1 Env 9 . (nature.com)
In this clinical trial, the AAV vector designed by MGH investigators carries the genetic sequence for what is called a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody that blocks HIV's ability to bind to CD4, an immune cell's receptor that HIV targets before infecting the cell. (sciencedaily.com)

These assays will help define correlates of protection for antibody-based countermeasures and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. (populationhealthsciences.org)
HIV assays : operational characteristics (Phase 1). (who.int)

In early 1990s, the first-generation human neutralizing antibodies (b12, 2G12, 2F5 and 4E10) were isolated from clade B-infected individuals by phage display and electrofusion or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation-based techniques [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

To study antibody modulation of HIV-1 Env-Galcer interactions, we used Galcer-containing liposomes to assess whether natural- and vaccine-induced monoclonal antibodies can block HIV-1 Env binding to Galcer. (duke.edu)

Worldwide, an estimated 90% of new cases of HIV-1 are caused through exposure in the mucosal cavities like the inside lining of the rectum or vagina. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Our study reveals for the first time the protective potential of mucosal anti-HIV-1 IgM. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
UNLABELLED: Mucosal epithelial cell surface galactosylceramide (Galcer) has been postulated to be a receptor for HIV-1 envelope (Env) interactions with mucosal epithelial cells. (duke.edu)
Disruption of the HIV-1 Env interaction with such alternate receptors could be one strategy to prevent HIV-1 entry through the mucosal barrier. (duke.edu)

Vials are stored under appropriate frozen (-30°C) conditions until they are shipped to the Division of AIDS, STD, and TB, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention for testing. (cdc.gov)
We measured aCL IgG and IgM in the CSF of 21 HIV-1-infected patients without nervous system symptoms or AIDS, and in four HIV-1-negative controls. (usuhs.edu)
A group of scientists at Texas Biomedical Research Institute have zeroed in on a new defense against HIV-1, the virus that causes AIDS. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
IgM is sort of the forgotten antibody," Dr. Ruprecht, Scientist and Director of Texas Biomed's AIDS Research Program, said. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
It can take 10-15 years for an HIV-infected person to develop AIDS. (frenovobio.com)
A research team led by scientists at AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine of The University of Hong Kong (HKU) invents a universal antibody drug against HIV/AIDS. (familywnews.com)
In the world, HIV/AIDS has resulted in estimated 40 million deaths while 36.9 million people are still living with the virus. (familywnews.com)
The new approach simplifies care for patients co-infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS , including in low-income countries. (pasteur.fr)
Using this approach, they were able to observe the AIDS virus and its capsids (containing the HIV genome) within cells at a scale of 30 nanometres, for the first time with light. (pasteur.fr)
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). (medlineplus.gov)
Without treatment, HIV gradually destroys your immune system, which leads to AIDS. (medlineplus.gov)
Most people with HIV don't have AIDS. (medlineplus.gov)
If you have HIV and you take HIV medicines as prescribed, you may never get AIDS. (medlineplus.gov)

In this review, we discuss the properties of Fc receptors, antibodies, and effector cells that influence ADCP. (frontiersin.org)
Dr. Bonsignori developed a high-throughput memory B cell culture system for the functional screening of memory B cells at the single-cell level and conceptualized a novel framework for steering the immune response through immunogen design based on the probability of individual mutations and their effect on antibody effector functions. (nih.gov)

HIV sequence database. (thenativeantigencompany.com)

Engineered mutations to the 10E8 paratope at light-chain solvent-exposed residues that add positive charge or hydrophobic sidechains proved to increase antibody association to anionic phospholipid vesicles in vitro and also boosted neutralization potency 27 . (elifesciences.org)
Here we provide a systematic interrogation of mechanisms by which single amino acid changes in various regions of gp120 (i) render viruses sensitive to neutralization by V3 antibodies, (ii) result in altered packing of the V3 loop, and (iii) activate an open conformation that exposes V3 to the effects of V3 Abs. (nih.gov)

These results now provide a framework for understanding HIV-1 interactions with the CCR5 N terminus during viral entry and define a conserved site on gp120, whose recognition of sulfotyrosine engenders posttranslational mimicry by the immune system. (duke.edu)

Ensure awareness of and access to the standard 3-step HIV testing algorithm recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the NYSDOH AI. (hivguidelines.org)

Antibodies are a key component of the human adaptive immune system, and the elicitation of antibodies has been correlated with vaccine efficacy in many diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cell-to-cell spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) between immune cells was first observed over 20 years ago. (ox.ac.uk)
Soluble forms of human CD4 (sCD4) inhibit HIV-1 entry into immune cells. (nih.gov)
The inventors have previously described a novel human domain antibody against HIV-1, designated m36. (nih.gov)
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the immune system, destroying or impairing their function. (frenovobio.com)
In this study, we isolated a novel human mAb termed Y498 from a phage display antibody library constructed with the PBMC samples of a CRF07_BC-infected Chinese donor whose sera exhibited broadly neutralizing activity. (oncotarget.com)
Thus, despite some diversity, members of this class share structural and functional similarities, with conserved features of the CDR H3 subdomain likely reflecting prevalent solutions by the human immune system for recognition of a quaternary site of HIV-1 vulnerability. (jzhulab.org)
Studies will encompass primarily human and non-human primate specimens, as well as murine models, and will use multiple virus models, including HIV, flaviviruses, influenza virus, herpesviruses and betacoronaviruses. (nih.gov)
An HIV test checks a sample of your blood to see whether you are infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). (medlineplus.gov)

This valuable study reports multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate a class of highly potent antibodies that simultaneously engage with the HIV-1 Envelope trimer and the viral membrane. (elifesciences.org)
BiIA-SG not only displays a potent activity against all three panels of 124 genetically divergent global HIV-1 strains tested, but also prevents diverse live viral challenges completely in humanized mice. (familywnews.com)
Among the C1-specific MAbs that showed Galcer blocking, the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediating CH38 IgG and its natural IgA isotype were the most potent blocking antibodies. (duke.edu)

Ensure that clinicians recognize and respond to HIV testing as a gateway to care, such that an HIV diagnosis prompts a referral for HIV treatment and a negative HIV test result prompts a referral for HIV prevention services, including pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP). (hivguidelines.org)
Accessible and routine HIV testing for all individuals ≥13 years old is intended to expand the number of people who know their HIV status and facilitate entry into the continuum of care or prevention. (hivguidelines.org)
A negative HIV screening test result affords a critical opportunity to assess whether routine prevention education, including information about post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), or a referral for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are indicated. (hivguidelines.org)

IgM has a five-times higher ability to bind to virus particles compared to the standard antibody form called IgG. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
An alternative anti-HIV strategy called Vectored ImmunoProphylaxis (VIP) designed by researchers at the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) involves an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to deliver instructions to muscle cells to pump out antibodies that block the virus. (sciencedaily.com)
HIV is a virus that destroys certain cells in your immune system . (medlineplus.gov)
Getting tested for HIV helps catch the virus early so you can start treatment, stay healthy, and avoid spreading HIV. (medlineplus.gov)

The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and antiviral activity in viremic HIV-infected adults not on ART. (nature.com)
The first study, "Safety and antiviral activity of combination HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies in viremic individuals," was published Sept. 26 in Nature Medicine . (hcplive.com)

If it is not present, the transcriptionprocess frequently stops short, and few functional HIV particles are produced. (thenativeantigencompany.com)

Several HIV-1 ALVAC/AIDSVAX vaccinee-derived monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the gp120 first constant (C1) region blocked Galcer binding of a transmitted/founder HIV-1 Env gp140. (duke.edu)

Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions are important components of the immune response that provide mechanisms for clearance of infected host cells, immune complexes, or opsonized pathogens. (frontiersin.org)

1990 Mar;175(1):59-68. (cdc.gov)

PGT121 reduced plasma HIV RNA levels by a median of 1.77 log in viremic participants, with a viral load nadir at a median of 8.5 days. (nature.com)

The technique of introducing pre-formed antibodies into the body to create immunity is known as passive immunization. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
HIV can be partially contained by host immunity and understanding the basis of this may inform vaccine design. (ox.ac.uk)

Anatomy16

Organisms14

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs100

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment55

Psychiatry and Psychology11

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Named Groups4

Health Care14

Geographicals7

Infection50

Antigen15

BNAbs24

Epitope6

Broadly neutrali4

Neutralize2

Epitopes5

Antigens9

Monoclonal antibody3

Glycoprotein2

Polyclonal antibody3

Recombinant3

Proteins9

Assay6

Gp412

Protein9

Anti-HIV antibodies2

Infections5

Therapeutic4

Lineages1

BNAb6

Autologous antibody1

Immunoassay4

Humans1

Serum3

Reactive4

Antiretroviral6

Specificity2

Specimen3

Potently1

Responses2

Binds2

Titers1

Immunology1

Targets2

Assays2

2G121

Vaccine-induced1

Mucosal4

AIDS13

Effector2

Sequence1

Neutralization2

Interactions1

Centers for Diseas1

Human9

Potent3

Prevention3

Virus4

Antiviral activity2

Particles1

MAbs1

Immune response1

19901

Viral load1

Immunity2