• Two to four weeks after HIV enters the body, the patient may complain of symptoms of primary infection. (nih.gov)
  • [1] After that, a long chronic HIV infection occurs, which can last for decades. (nih.gov)
  • [3] Other risk factors associated with acquiring HIV infection include men who have sex with men, unsafe sexual practices, the use of intravenous drugs, vertical transmission, and blood transfusions or blood products. (nih.gov)
  • There is increasing recognition of recombinant HIV-1 strains globally, but it has been unclear whether recombination results from superinfection during untreated, chronic infection. (medscape.com)
  • In the early and late stages of HIV-1 infection, however, antibody titers to specific proteins may vary considerably, and the use of different sets of WB criteria may result in an incomparable interpretation (e.g., an interpretation of a WB band pattern classified as reactive using one set of WB interpretive criteria may be indeterminate using another set of criteria). (cdc.gov)
  • p) To continue to collaborate with research institutions and partners in order to assess the effectiveness of male circumcision in preventing HIV infection. (who.int)
  • In collaboration with Drs. Leonid Margolis and Gregory Melikian, we have found that HIV-1 binding to its receptors induces non-apoptotic exposure of PS at the surface of the target cell and that externalized PS strongly promotes Env-mediated membrane fusion and HIV-1 infection. (nih.gov)
  • The uncovered link between HIV-1 infection and PS externalization identifies a bi-directional signaling pathway, in which the classic outside-in signaling through coreceptor triggers, via increase in intracellular Ca2+, inside-out PS externalization mediated by TMEM16F. (nih.gov)
  • Since disrupting the PS externalization pathway suppressed HIV-1 infection, this pathway may present a new target for anti-HIV-1 drugs. (nih.gov)
  • In pretreated adults with HIV-1 infection with mandatory INI treatment, the study groups in the SAILING study did not differ with regard to mortality and symptoms (morbidity). (sciencedaily.com)
  • Isentress ® 600 mg) of the integrase strand transfer inhibitor raltegravir is now available for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. (springer.com)
  • Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2016 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel. (springer.com)
  • Perry CM. Raltegravir: a review of its use in the management of HIV-1 infection in children and adolescents. (springer.com)
  • Raltegravir: a review of its use in the management of HIV infection in treatment-experienced patients. (springer.com)
  • Raltegravir: in treatment-naive patients with HIV-1 infection. (springer.com)
  • Long-term efficacy and safety of raltegravir in the management of HIV infection. (springer.com)
  • Raltegravir 1200 mg once daily versus raltegravir 400 mg twice daily, in combination with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine, in previously untreated HIV-1 infection through week 96 [Poster]. (springer.com)
  • 4-6 Therefore, HIV-1 nucleic acid testing is more sensitive than standard serologic testing in detection of acute infection. (cepheid.com)
  • The need for a highly sensitive HIV qualitative test to detect HIV infection early in high risk and vulnerable populations is greater than ever. (cepheid.com)
  • Should we treat acute HIV infection? (cepheid.com)
  • Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. (cepheid.com)
  • Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. (cepheid.com)
  • High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. (cepheid.com)
  • Xpert HIV-1 Qual XC is intended to aid in the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in conjunction with clinical presentation and other laboratory markers in infant, adolescent, and adult populations. (cepheid.com)
  • Here, we report a case of symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection diagnosed in September, 2019, in a 23-year-old French man who has sex with men. (natap.org)
  • The finding most relevant to this initiative is that persons who have a homozygous, naturally occurring 32 base pair deletion (∆32) in the viral co-receptor CCR5 are healthy, and if exposed to HIV-1, are resistant to infection. (nih.gov)
  • HLA class I genotype is a major determinant of the outcome of HIV infection, and the impact of certain alleles on HIV disease outcome is well studied. (plos.org)
  • As part of an ongoing prospective study on the effect of HIV-1 infection and sexually transmitted diseases, 4883 pregnant women were screened for HIV-1 and syphilis antibodies in one health-centre in Nairobi. (nih.gov)
  • These data confirm an association between HIV-1 and syphilis infection, and indicate that both are spreading rapidly among women in Nairobi outside high-risk groups. (nih.gov)
  • Between January 1989 and December 1991, health workers took blood samples from 4883 pregnant women attending the Nairobi City Commission's Langata Clinic in Nairobi, Kenya to determine demographic factors and indicators of sexual behavior to explain the increase in HIV-1 infection and syphilis among these women of low socioeconomic status. (nih.gov)
  • There was no significant association between HIV-1 seropositivity and gonococcal infection rate (7.3% vs. 8.9%), however. (nih.gov)
  • These results verified the link between HIV-1 infection and syphilis and their rapid rise among women in low risk groups. (nih.gov)
  • Increased susceptibility of differentiated mononuclear phagocytes to productive infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). (jci.org)
  • Differences in susceptibility to infection of most mononuclear phagocytes with HIV-1 are not known. (jci.org)
  • We investigated the relative susceptibility of autologous freshly isolated blood monocytes (MN), MN cultured in vitro to allow differentiation (CM), and alveolar macrophages (AM) from healthy subjects to productive infection with HIV-1. (jci.org)
  • Since the lung is a major site of opportunistic infection and noninfectious complications in HIV-1-infected individuals, this increase in productive infection with HIV-1 in AM compared with MN could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of the lung disorders seen in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (jci.org)
  • KENILWORTH, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced Week 96 data from the Phase 2b trial (NCT03272347) evaluating the efficacy and safety of islatravir, the company's investigational oral nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTTI), in combination with doravirine (PIFELTRO™), in treatment-naïve adults with HIV-1 infection. (merck.com)
  • These analyses were presented as oral and poster presentations at the virtual 2020 International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection ( HIV Glasgow 2020 ). (merck.com)
  • PIFELTRO (doravirine, 100 mg) is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral (ARV) agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult patients with no prior ARV treatment history or to replace the current ARV regimen in those who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL) on a stable ARV regimen with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to doravirine. (merck.com)
  • In this international, multicenter clinical trial, treatment-naïve adult participants with HIV-1 infection were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to one of four once-daily oral treatment groups: islatravir 0.25 mg (n=29), 0.75 mg (n=30), or 2.25 mg (n=31) in combination with doravirine (100 mg) and 3TC (300 mg) compared to DELSTRIGO (n=31). (merck.com)
  • Background: Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists stimulate innate antiviral immunity, prime adaptive immune responses and reverse latency in people with HIV-1 infection (PWH). (natap.org)
  • Consequently vast majority of people are living with a constant threat of HIV infection and death by AIDS. (hindawi.com)
  • In this devastating situation of world AIDS epidemic, there is an urgent need of developing effective HIV vaccine as no vaccine is proved to be efficacious to control HIV infection. (hindawi.com)
  • Depatureaux A, LeBlanc R, Moisi D, Brenner B, Wainberg MA (2015) The First Report of HIV-1 Group O Infection in Canada. (omicsonline.org)
  • This test is intended to be used as an aid to diagnose acute or primary HIV infection. (anylabtestnow.com)
  • The presence of HIV-1 RNA without antibody to HIV-1 is indicative of an acute or primary infection. (anylabtestnow.com)
  • This test is also ordered to confirm HIV-1 infection in a person who repeatedly test positive for HIV-1 infection or to resolve an indeterminate or inconclusive HIV-1 result. (anylabtestnow.com)
  • Seroprevalence of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of homosexually active men. (bmj.com)
  • 2004 . Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by GB virus C infection through increases in RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and SDF-1 . (ajtmh.org)
  • It causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that is the last stage of HIV disease. (nih.gov)
  • The estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS is 36.7 million worldwide as of 2016. (nih.gov)
  • The HIV/AIDS Surveillance Supplemental Report is not copyrighted and may be used and copied without permission. (cdc.gov)
  • Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Publication of this report would not have been possible without the contributions of the State and territorial health departments and the HIV/AIDS surveillance programs that provided surveillance data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Hughes, Michael Campsmith, Irene Hall, Marie Morgan (editing), and Michael Friend (desktop publishing), and the following staff at the HIV/AIDS Bureau (HAB), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA): Douglas Morgan, Jill Jacobsen Ashman, and Narayanan Valappil. (cdc.gov)
  • The HIV/AIDS design element is used with the permission of the American Red Cross. (cdc.gov)
  • The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Program (formerly fewer than 2,000--cases of AIDS reported during the most the Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act) was first recent period of 5 calendar years, and b) A cumulative total of enacted into law in 1990, and amended in 1996, 2000, and 2006. (cdc.gov)
  • The NIMH Division of AIDS Research, with support from the NIH Office of AIDS Research, sponsored a meeting to establish a Global HIV-1 CSF Escape Consortium. (nih.gov)
  • But this strategy hasn't been successful in defeating the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS. (nih.gov)
  • A team led by Laura Walker and Dr. Dennis R. Burton from the Scripps Research Institute and Dr. Sanjay Phogat at the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) set out to find other HIV-neutralizing antibodies and thus potential new viral targets. (nih.gov)
  • HIV-1 protease (PR) is a retroviral aspartyl protease (retropepsin), an enzyme involved with peptide bond hydrolysis in retroviruses, that is essential for the life-cycle of HIV, the retrovirus that causes AIDS. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Round Table on "Prevention of HIV and AIDS in the African Region" was held on 23 August 2005 under the chairmanship of Dr. Alex Kamugisha, the Honourable Minister of Health of Uganda. (who.int)
  • gave an overview of the HIV and AIDS situation in Africa. (who.int)
  • Human Immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, delivers its RNA into cells by fusing the viral envelope with the cell membrane. (nih.gov)
  • Raltegravir as antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS. (springer.com)
  • 1) WHO HIV/AIDs Key Facts updates 6th July 2020 Accessed July 2020. (cepheid.com)
  • TN holds the South African Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Research Chair in Systems Biology of HIV/AIDS. (plos.org)
  • GENEVA, 21 May 2013- As the African Union (AU) begins its 21st summit in Addis Ababa, celebrating 50 years of African unity, The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has released Update a new report on the AIDS response in Africa , documenting the remarkable recent progress against HIV on the continent. (unaids.org)
  • AIDS-related deaths are also continuing to fall--reducing by 32% from 2005 to 2011 as are the numbers of new HIV infections which have fallen by 33% from 2001 to 2011. (unaids.org)
  • It also urges sustained commitment to ensure Africa achieves zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. (unaids.org)
  • As we celebrate 50 years of African unity, let us also celebrate the achievements Africa has made in responding to HIV-and recommit to pushing forward so that future generations can grow up free from AIDS. (unaids.org)
  • Despite positive trends, in 2011 there were still 1.8 million new HIV infections across the continent, and 1.2 million people died of AIDS-related illnesses. (unaids.org)
  • That said, there are a number of structural as well as individual factors which may heighten young people's vulnerability to HIV and AIDS. (nzdl.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus that belongs to the Lentiviridae family, is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (hindawi.com)
  • December 1 is World AIDS Day . (theeap.com)
  • According to the November 2011 HIV-AIDS Fact Sheet (PDF), there are 34 million people in the world living with HIV. (theeap.com)
  • In North America, there are 1.3 million people with HIV/AIDS, and 58,000 people were newly infected in 2010. (theeap.com)
  • The survey revealed that there is a declining sense of national urgency and visibility of HIV/AIDS and reported HIV testing rates are flat since 1997, including among some key groups at higher risk. (theeap.com)
  • There are currently an estimated 5.3 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in South Africa. (sun.ac.za)
  • To search for evidence of recombination and superinfection in Africa, where multiple HIV-1 subtypes facilitate identification of strains. (medscape.com)
  • Recombination among genetically distinct subtypes and strains of HIV-1 is now recognized with increasing frequency in the global pandemic. (medscape.com)
  • [ 12 ] For recombination to occur between distinct HIV-1 strains, a cell needs to be dually infected with different viruses. (medscape.com)
  • As reported on September 3, 2009, in the advance online edition of Science , the researchers discovered 2 antibodies, called PG9 and PG16, that could neutralize multiple HIV strains. (nih.gov)
  • Monitoring for treatment-resistant strains of HIV can improve global understanding of HIV and help keep the world's public health officials one step ahead of future developments. (biospace.com)
  • Extensively drug-resistant HIV-1 strains might have a reduced viral fitness. (natap.org)
  • The ability of T20 to block entry by prototype and Marimastat manufacture primary HIV-1 strains which is most frequently assayed in indicator cell lines that express Compact disc4 and something or the additional coreceptor varies markedly among isolates. (immune-source.com)
  • First because it blocks a step that represents a major distinguishing feature among HIV-1 variants differential inhibition of R5X4 isolates through each pathway Marimastat manufacture by T20 treatment would have the potential to shift the proportion of entry occurring through each pathway by these strains. (immune-source.com)
  • Through serotyping and genotyping the majority of HIV strains were characterised as HIV-1 group M subtype C. One sample (1154) was characterised as a possible C / D recombinant strain. (sun.ac.za)
  • The variability of the env gp120 V3 region indicates that patients might be dually infected with variant HIV-1 subtype C strains or quasispecies. (sun.ac.za)
  • HIV protease cleaves newly synthesized polyproteins (namely, Gag and Gag-Pol) at nine cleavage sites to create the mature protein components of an HIV virion, the infectious form of a virus outside of the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Without effective HIV protease, HIV virions remain uninfectious. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mature HIV protease exists as a 22 kDa homodimer, with each subunit made up of 99 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • As HIV-1 PR can only function as a dimer, the mature protease contains two Asp25 amino acids, one from each monomer, that act in conjunction with each other as the catalytic residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, HIV protease has two molecular "flaps" which move a distance of up to 7 Å when the enzyme becomes associated with a substrate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Auto-processing of HIV-1 PR is characterized by two sequential steps: (1) the intramolecular cleavage of the N-terminus at the p6pol-protease cleavage site, which serves to finalize PR processing and increase enzymatic activity with the newly formed PR-reverse transcriptase intermediate, and (2) the intermolecular cleavage of the C-terminus at the protease-reverse transcriptase cleavage site, leading to the assembly of two PR subunits into mature dimers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The HIV-1 protease dimer (green and cyan) with active site Asp-25 in red. (wikipedia.org)
  • As an aspartic protease, the dimerized HIV-1 PR functions through the aspartyl group complex, in order to perform hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • With its integral role in HIV replication, HIV protease has been a prime target for drug therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three new peptidomimetics (1-3) have been developed with highly stable and conformationally constrained macrocyclic components that replace tripeptide segments of protease substrates. (rcsb.org)
  • Each compound inhibits both HIV-1 protease and viral replication (HIV-1, HIV-2) at nanomolar concentrations without cytotoxicity to uninfected cells below 10 microM. (rcsb.org)
  • Their activities against HIV-1 protease (K(i) 1.7 nM (1), 0.6 nM (2), 0.3 nM (3)) are 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than their antiviral potencies against HIV-1-infected primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IC(50) 45 nM (1), 56 nM (2), 95 nM (3)) or HIV-1-infected MT2 cells (IC(50) 90 nM (1), 60 nM (2)), suggesting suboptimal cellular uptake. (rcsb.org)
  • Evidence is presented that 1 and 2 inhibit cleavage of the HIV-1 structural protein precursor Pr55(gag) to p24 in virions derived from chronically infected cells, consistent with inhibition of the viral protease in cells. (rcsb.org)
  • Crystal structures refined to 1.75 A (1) and 1.85 A (2) for two of the macrocyclic inhibitors bound to HIV-1 protease establish structural mimicry of the tripeptides that the cycles were designed to imitate. (rcsb.org)
  • HIV RNA extracted from EDTA plasma or dried blood spots is analyzed with the assay to measure genomic mutations in the protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase regions of the pol gene. (biospace.com)
  • Surprisingly, the peptide bond cleaved by HIV-1 protease near the polymerase-RNase H junction of p66 is completely inaccessible to solvent in the structure reported here. (rcsb.org)
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) demonstrates high efficacy in reducing the risk of HIV transmission to sexual partners. (nih.gov)
  • She highlighted the factors accounting for the increasing trends in new infections, the key challenges in addressing the epidemic, and the recommendations of the Brazzaville consultation on HIV prevention. (who.int)
  • 2 Acute HIV infections typically last less than 14 days 3 and are associated with high levels of viremia prior to a detectable immune response. (cepheid.com)
  • In HIV-1 primary infections in France, less than 0·1% of transmitted viruses had triple-class resistance. (natap.org)
  • Between the two types of HIV (HIV-1 and HIV-2), HIV-1 is more virulent and responsible for most of the HIV infections globally. (hindawi.com)
  • New HIV infections have declined by more than 20% since their peak in 1997, and declined by 15% between 2001 and 2010. (theeap.com)
  • Still, there were about 2.7 million new infections in 2010 or more than 7,000 new HIV infections per day. (theeap.com)
  • HIV-1 group M Subtype C is currently responsible for the majority of HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa (56% worldwide). (sun.ac.za)
  • HIV structural proteins are made and assembled in the host cell. (nih.gov)
  • The distinct HIV-1 subtypes or clades seen in different regions of the world differ from one another by as much as 30% in the envelope gene ( env ) and up to 15% in the core proteins. (medscape.com)
  • The proteins on the surface of HIV mutate rapidly and change shape continuously, preventing most antibodies from latching onto and neutralizing the virus. (nih.gov)
  • The HIV trimer is made of 3 gp41 proteins that form a stem on the viral surface supporting 3 gp120 molecules. (nih.gov)
  • Although all WB interpretations are based on detecting antibodies against specific viral proteins (Table 3), different organizations have promoted the use of different sets of criteria for interpreting HIV-1 band patterns in the WB test (Table 1). (cdc.gov)
  • The Gag-Pol polyprotein, which contains premature coding proteins, including HIV-1 PR. (wikipedia.org)
  • The viral DNA can either remain dormant in the nucleus or be transcribed into mRNA and translated by the host cell into the Gag-Pol polyprotein, which would then be cleaved into individual functional proteins (including a newly synthesized HIV-1 PR) by the mature HIV-1 PR. (wikipedia.org)
  • CTL epitope cluster distribution analysis revealed only two HIV-1 proteins, namely, Nef and Gag, which have significant cluster forming capacity. (hindawi.com)
  • The analyses revealed that the clusters of optimal epitopes for Nef and p24 proteins of HIV-1 could potentially serve as a source of vaccine. (hindawi.com)
  • Creation of a CHO cell line deficient in alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT1) would produce proteins primarily containing oligomannose glycans and could greatly improve HIV gp120 production, purification and potentially vaccine efficacy. (maxcyte.com)
  • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an enveloped retrovirus that contains 2 copies of a single-stranded RNA genome. (nih.gov)
  • After integration in the host genome, the HIV provirus forms and then follows transcription and viral mRNA production. (nih.gov)
  • PHILADELPHIA , March 21, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- Researchers in the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University have published a ground breaking HIV genome eradication study using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. (biospace.com)
  • The study, conducted using a variety of human CD4 + T-cells including cells isolated from HIV-1 + patient lymphocytes showed the introduction of mutations within the targeted viral genes by CRISPR/Cas9 with no off-target effects on the host genome. (biospace.com)
  • Importantly, the excised (HIV) genome is degraded by the natural mechanisms of the cellular machinery. (biospace.com)
  • HIV genome is composed of 9.8 Kb positive-sense, single-stranded RNA which is reverse transcribed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase to viral DNA upon its entry into the host cell [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • HIV possesses complex RNA genome and contains nine genes which can be classified into 3 functional groups. (hindawi.com)
  • The data showed that gRNAs targeting the transactivation response element (TAR) region or other highly conserved regions of the HIV-1 genome were effective at stopping viral gene expression, with multiple assays demonstrating greater than 95 percent reduction. (jefferson.edu)
  • Two antibodies (red) that neutralize HIV bind to a section of the HIV trimer (green and yellow ovals). (nih.gov)
  • NIH scientists recently found antibodies that can neutralize many different isolates of HIV by binding to a specific region on an HIV surface protein known as gp120. (nih.gov)
  • They looked for antibodies that could neutralize several different isolates of HIV. (nih.gov)
  • Seeking clues to how PG9 and PG16 can neutralize so many different viruses, the researchers did further experiments to discover where the antibodies bound to HIV. (nih.gov)
  • These new antibodies, which are more potent than other antibodies described to date while maintaining great breadth, attach to a novel, and potentially more accessible site on HIV to facilitate vaccine design," says Burton. (nih.gov)
  • Studies performed in Aim 1 will determine if maternal vitamin A supplementation of vitamin A deficient rabbits will enhance the induction of vaccine-specific antibodies in the mother and offspring. (nih.gov)
  • In purified rCD4s from HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy, rapamycin treatment downregulated markers of toxicity, including proinflammatory cytokine release and cellular proliferation that were induced after potent T cell activation using αCD3/αCD28 antibodies. (jci.org)
  • To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 and syphilis antibodies in a population of pregnant women in Nairobi, Kenya, between 1989 and 1991. (nih.gov)
  • Further, broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) can boost HIV-specific immunity and enhance killing of infected cells through Fc-dependent mechanisms. (natap.org)
  • A WHO Prequalified rapid point-of-care test that detects antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in fingerstick whole blood, venous whole blood, serum and plasma specimens. (chembio.com)
  • gp120, a major component of the RV144 trial, was produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and lacked N-linked glycosylation sites critical for binding of anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bN-mAbs). (maxcyte.com)
  • We developed a novel RT-PCR assay using a reverse primer that hybridizes with the poly(A) tail of HIV-1 mRNAs, anchored by conserved viral nucleotides at the most distal region of the transcript. (nih.gov)
  • This assay can detect and quantify HIV-1 RNA with high specificity and sensitivity. (nih.gov)
  • CARLSBAD, Calif.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Thermo Fisher Scientific the world leader in serving science, today announced the launch of its Applied Biosystems HIV-1 Genotyping Kit with Integrase, a research use only assay that examines positive samples of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to identify genetic variants that resist common antiretrovial therapeutics. (biospace.com)
  • This enhanced research assay, which is compatible with the recently launched Applied Biosystems MagMAX Viral/Pathogen Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit for HIV-1 Blood Spots, provides laboratories with a standardized tool for drug resistance surveillance of HIV mutations to antiretroviral therapeutic inhibitors which can help identify global areas of need. (biospace.com)
  • Using an ex vivo assay for HIV-1 mRNA, we demonstrated that despite this immunomodulatory effect, rapamycin did not affect HIV-1 gene expression induced by T cell activation in these rCD4s. (jci.org)
  • This video will show you how to use Chembio's SURE CHECK HIV 1/2 Assay. (chembio.com)
  • Background: The Roche COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 version 1.0 (v1.0) real-time PCR test detects more low level viral loads (VL) compared to the previous Roche Amplicor version 1.5 assay. (gla.ac.uk)
  • When viral HIV-RNA enters the cell, it is accompanied by a reverse transcriptase, an integrase, and a mature HIV-1 PR. (wikipedia.org)
  • The database was used for, and is referenced in, a study about "Novel HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor Development by Virtual Screening Based on QSAR Models" (submitted). (nih.gov)
  • Raltegravir: the first HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor in the HIV armamentarium. (springer.com)
  • The Applied Biosystems HIV-1 Genotyping Kit will analyze expanded targets associated with HIV drug resistance that include mutations in the integrase region of the pol gene on Applied Biosystems Sanger sequencing CE instrumentation. (biospace.com)
  • Transmission of a multidrug-resistant HIV-1 strain was reported in New York (NY, USA) in 2004, but without resistance to tipranavir and integrase inhibitors at that time. (natap.org)
  • During the 3 decades of the HIV-1 epidemic, therapeutics research has largely focused on drug-based strategies to inhibit viral replication. (nih.gov)
  • Adolescent Sexuality and the HIV Epidemic (UNDP, 1999, 24 p.): 1. (nzdl.org)
  • Current assays for quantification of HIV-1 virions rely on real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR detection of conserved regions of HIV-1 RNA and can be limited by detection of contaminating viral or plasmid DNA. (nih.gov)
  • The crystal structure of the ribonuclease (RNase) H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) has been determined at a resolution of 2.4 A and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 0.20. (rcsb.org)
  • Merck also announced results from Phase 1/1b studies for MK-8507, the company's investigational once-weekly oral non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), which showed that the antiviral potency and pharmacokinetics of MK-8507 support further investigation for once-weekly oral administration as part of combination antiretroviral therapy. (merck.com)
  • Tenofovir, combined with emtricitabine or lamivudine, was introduced to the South African (SA) antiretroviral therapy (ART) guidelines in 2010 as the preferred nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for HIV-infected patients starting first-line ART. (scielo.org.za)
  • The goal of this initiative is to expand the knowledge base on HIV-1 latency and persistence so that eradication strategies can be designed, developed and evaluated. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, it was observed that a gRNA targeting Tat was effective in a T-cell model of HIV-1 latency. (jefferson.edu)
  • Since our goal in the funded PO is to develop an HIV vaccine for administration to pregnant women and newborn babies, Vitamin A status of the host is one variable that may greatly impact the quantity and quality of vaccine-induced immune responses. (nih.gov)
  • This work will contribute to the optimization of maternal vaccine strategies to induce effective responses in blocking mother to child transmission of HIV-1. (nih.gov)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) possesses a major threat to the human life largely due to the unavailability of an efficacious vaccine and poor access to the antiretroviral drugs against this deadly virus. (hindawi.com)
  • The RV144 HIV vaccine trial, the first trial to demonstrate that vaccination could confer HIV protection, reported a modest 31% efficacy. (maxcyte.com)
  • 2020 Mar 6;20(1):195. (nih.gov)
  • Our commitment to medical advances in HIV can be seen in the important data we are presenting at HIV Glasgow 2020, including islatravir's potential for use in combination with doravirine as a once-daily, two-drug treatment. (merck.com)
  • American Red Cross (ARC) and Consortium for Retrovirus Serology Standardization (CRSS)) have recommended for antibody testing to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that duplicate repeat reactive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) screening results be confirmed by a supplemental test (1-6). (cdc.gov)
  • This report examines the variation in Western blot (WB) interpretive criteria reported by laboratories enrolled in CDC's Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) for HIV-1-antibody testing. (cdc.gov)
  • Laboratories were also provided descriptions of the various WB band pattern combinations that were representative of each organization's set of WB interpretive criteria (Table 1) and were asked to choose which WB patterns their laboratory would use to classify a specimen as HIV-1-antibody reactive. (cdc.gov)
  • All sets of WB interpretive criteria (Table 1) consider a WB test that has no bands as nonreactive for HIV antibody. (cdc.gov)
  • South Africa, for example, is rapidly scaling up access to HIV treatment, with a 20% increase in the number of people receiving therapy from 2011-2012 alone. (unaids.org)
  • and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe-now ensure that more than three-quarters of pregnant women living with HIV receive antiretroviral medicine to prevent transmission to their child. (unaids.org)
  • Tenofovir is part of the preferred first-line regimen for HIV-infected patients in South Africa (SA), but is associated with kidney toxicity. (scielo.org.za)
  • If you have the expertise to develop or optimize next-generation methodologies to detect HIV-1 drug resistance (DR) mutations and rapidly disseminate the information, consider applying for a grant through the Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): HIV DR Assays and Actionable Data Dissemination Strategies . (nih.gov)
  • We have developed sensitive assays for viremia and cell-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and DNA to assess the predictive value of virological parameters determined in blood for virus load in lymph nodes (LNs). (unige.ch)
  • Quasispecies analyses of pol and env genes by next generation sequencing identified the same dominant extensively drug-resistant strain (appendix p 1), as well as major CCR5-using variants and minor CXCR4-using variants (appendix p 3). (natap.org)
  • HIV-1 predisposed to acquiring resistance to maraviroc (MVC) and other CCR5 antagonists in vitro has. (edu.au)
  • HIV-1 predisposed to acquiring resistance to maraviroc (MVC) and other CCR5 antagonists in vitro has an inherent, low-level ability to utilize MVC-bound CCR5 for entry. (edu.au)
  • Maraviroc (MVC) and other CCR5 antagonists are HIV-1 entry inhibitors that bind to- and alter the conformation of CCR5, such that CCR5 is no longer recognized by the viral gp120 envelope (Env) glycoproteins. (edu.au)
  • Resistance to CCR5 antagonists results from HIV-1 Env acquiring the ability to utilize the drug-bound conformation of CCR5. (edu.au)
  • Selecting for HIV-1 resistance to CCR5-antagonists in vitro is relatively difficult. (edu.au)
  • Env derived from the CC1/85 strain of HIV-1 is inherently capable of a low-affinity interaction with MVC-bound CCR5, which helps explain the relative ease in which CC1/85 can acquire resistance to CCR5 antagonists in vitro. (edu.au)
  • HIV-1 is more globally expanded and virulent. (nih.gov)
  • Africa continues to be more affected by HIV than any other region of the world, accounting for 69% of people living with HIV globally. (unaids.org)
  • PA 98-038 P.T. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is inactivating program announcement PA 98-038 , Immune Prophylaxis Against HIV-1 Transmission, which appeared in the NIH Guide, March 6, 1998. (nih.gov)
  • This project will establish which HIV immune target cell populations found in the human foreskin can be infected with HIV-1. (nih.gov)
  • Vpu appears therefore as a key factor for HIV evasion from the host immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects a number of immune cell types including CD4+ T-cells, macrophages and brain-resident microglia, which underlies its complex pathophysiology that includes immune cell depletion as well as neurological disorders 1 . (nature.com)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that certain HLA class I alleles that are in linkage disequilibrium, such as HLA-A*74 and HLA-B*57, appear to function co-operatively to result in greater immune control of HIV than mediated by either single allele alone. (plos.org)
  • Your research efforts could improve guidance for HIV treatment and prevention programs for both individuals and populations. (nih.gov)
  • In his introductory remarks, the Chairperson recalled the consultation on HIV prevention convened by the Regional Director in Brazzaville, Congo, in June 2005 and the recommendations of the Programme Subcommittee to accelerate HIV prevention efforts in the African region. (who.int)
  • a) What specific actions can ministers of health take to re-invigorate HIV prevention in order to bring a sense of urgency? (who.int)
  • b) What concrete actions can ministers of health take to ensure that HIV prevention interventions targeting the youth and other vulnerable groups are expanded? (who.int)
  • Page 2 (c) What practical steps should the ministers of health take to promote greater involvement of the communities, CBOs, NGOS, FBOS, and PLWHA in HIV prevention efforts? (who.int)
  • An epidemiological surveillance network of virologists, clinicians, and local actors of prevention should prevent the diffusion of this extensively drug-resistant HIV-1 strain. (natap.org)
  • Thus there was a pressing need to improve HIV-1 and sexually transmitted disease prevention programs. (nih.gov)
  • This recording is part one of a two-part webinar series to discuss best practices and considerations for both prevention and treatment of HIV/HCV, with special emphasis on the importance of harm reduction, connections to housing and other SDOH resources for at-risk populations. (csh.org)
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 37, 968 people received an HIV diagnosis in 2018 in the United States and dependent areas. (ncchca.org)
  • The North Carolina Community Health Center Association (NCCHCA) communications intern, Alvine Kapitako with assistance from Leslie Wolcott , the Communications and Emergency Preparedness Coordinator bring you a series of interviews with leaders of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) also known as Community Health Centers in North Carolina who talked about HIV awareness, prevention, treatment, stigma, and a possible cure. (ncchca.org)
  • This response is directed by the presentation of HIV-1 epitopes on the surface of infected cells by host HLA Class I molecules. (plos.org)
  • This study was designed for the characterization the HIV-1 optimal CTL epitopes and their corresponding HLA alleles. (hindawi.com)
  • ATCC CRL-3022) resulted in HIV epitopes containing mainly mannose-5 terminal glycans. (maxcyte.com)
  • Current strategies for HIV-1 eradication require the reactivation of latent HIV-1 in resting CD4 + T cells (rCD4s). (jci.org)
  • This is a major advance in safety and efficacy for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA HIV eradication for use in humans," says Dr. Malcolm. (biospace.com)
  • The cause of this infectious disease is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which can be classified into HIV-1 and HIV-2. (nih.gov)
  • The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), encourage grant applications from institutions/organizations to address the problem of HIV-1 persistence in HIV-1-infected persons treated with suppressive antiretroviral drug regimens. (nih.gov)
  • Processing of C99, entry of Gag into MVBs and release of infectious virus could be suppressed by expressing ubiquitination-defective C99 or by γ-secretase inhibitor treatment, suggesting that APP's amyloidogenic pathway functions to sense and suppress HIV-1 replication in macrophages and microglia. (nature.com)
  • Beyond differential co-receptor usage during virus entry, the late-stage intracellular replication and production of infectious HIV-1 particles is complex and ultimately highly cell-type dependent. (nature.com)
  • Mathematical models show that if HIV-1 positive women are aware of their status and all HIV negative women continue to breast feed, there will be fewer adverse outcomes by avoiding breastfeeding, as long as the risk of infectious disease and malnutrition is moderate and pre HIV-1 mortality rates do not exceed 70-100 per 1000 live births. (ennonline.net)
  • Use of the VPS machinery along with visualization of Gag and mature virions within intracellular vesicles initially led to a model for HIV-1 assembly within a subset of modified late endosomes (LE)- or multivesicular bodies (MVBs), often termed virus-containing compartments (VCCs) 5 . (nature.com)
  • The image shows side- and end-views of computer-generated models of the hollow filaments formed in the test tube by the HIV-1 protein Rev. The V-shaped structures in the middle show how first two and then four molecules of the protein join together to form the building blocks that combine to form filaments. (nih.gov)
  • In order for this precursor to become a functional protein, each monomer must associate with another HIV-1 PR monomer to form a functional catalytic active site by each contributing the Asp25 of their respective catalytic triads. (wikipedia.org)
  • The immunization regimen tested will include a priming immunization with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing HIV-1 gp120 followed by boosting with HIV-1 gp120 protein. (nih.gov)
  • Recently, amyloid precursor protein (APP) was identified as an inhibitor of HIV-1 replication in macrophages and microglia via an unknown mechanism. (nature.com)
  • Xpert HIV-1 Qual XC (extended coverage) is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for the qualitative detection of HIV-1 total nucleic acids, on the automated GeneXpert ® System. (cepheid.com)
  • The kit is designed to support the detection of the UNAIDS 2030 95-95-95 HIV targets, which aims to have 95 percent of people living with HIV to be diagnosed, 95 percent who are diagnosed to be receiving treatment, and 95 percent of those on treatment to be virally suppressed. (biospace.com)
  • Further, bioinformatic studies on viral eradicated cells showed no re-integration effects when the correct HIV DNA sequences are targeted using Excision's stringent ViraSuite gRNA design platform. (biospace.com)
  • Short Conserved Sequences of HIV-1 Are Highly Immunogenic and Shift Immunodominance. (aidshealth.org)
  • We identified a second extensively drug-resistant HIV-1 strain with the same mutation pattern in the same region of France in a 54-year-old man who has sex with men. (natap.org)
  • Cells were infected with the macrophage tropic strain HIV-1JR-FL and p24 gag antigen levels measured in supernatants by ELISA. (jci.org)
  • For transient expression of HIV gp120, an expression plasmid encoding the gp120 from the A244 HIV strain were added to CHO MGAT1- cells. (maxcyte.com)
  • Dr. Kamel Khalili , Principal Scientific Advisor at Excision BioTherapeutics and Chair of Temple University's Department of Neuroscience and Director of the Center for Neurovirology at Temple University's Lewis Katz School of Medicine, reiterates the significance of these groundbreaking results: "Thus far, we see no off-target, (non-homologous end joining) NHEJ recombination or re-integration events among the HIV genes we are excising. (biospace.com)
  • In 9 other samples HIV-1 recombination cannot be excluded, as only one of the gene regions investigated could be amplified and characterised in these samples. (sun.ac.za)
  • Dioxin activates HIV-1 gene expression by an oxidative stress pathway requiring a functional cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 enzyme. (nih.gov)
  • Emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 has long been identified as a public health threat. (natap.org)
  • A unique, extensively drug-resistant founder virus was identified by Sanger and next-generation sequencing with a homogeneous, fully mutated viral quasispecies that remained stable off-treatment (appendix p 1). (natap.org)
  • The main objective of Coutsoudis and colleagues' trial was to assess the efficacy of vitamin A in preventing HIV-1 vertical transmission by randomly comparing it with a placebo. (ennonline.net)
  • Assessment of anti-HIV-1 Guide RNA Efficacy in Cells Containing the Vi" by Alexander G Allen, Cheng-Han Chung et al. (jefferson.edu)
  • Assessment of anti-HIV-1 Guide RNA Efficacy in Cells Containing the Viral Target Sequence, Corresponding gRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9. (jefferson.edu)
  • and Wigdahl, Brian, "Assessment of anti-HIV-1 Guide RNA Efficacy in Cells Containing the Viral Target Sequence, Corresponding gRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9. (jefferson.edu)
  • HIV-1 replication in macrophages and microglia involves intracellular assembly and budding into modified subsets of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which support both viral persistence and spread. (nature.com)
  • This finding helps to explain the rising prevalence of recombinant HIV-1 worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers discussed the incidence/prevalence rates of CSF escape, causes of primary and secondary CSF escape, neuro-symptomatic and asymptomatic CSF escape, and identification of the key scientific research priorities pertaining to HIV-1 CSF escape. (nih.gov)
  • The most rapid increase in HIV-1 prevalence was observed in women aged less than 25 years. (nih.gov)
  • The Khayelitsha informal settlement, located 30 km outside Cape Town, has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the Western Cape. (sun.ac.za)
  • However, several clinical studies demonstrate that despite stable and successful control of HIV in the periphery, some patients still have detectable HIV virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a phenomenon known as "CSF escape. (nih.gov)
  • Cell-associated HIV-1 RNA and DNA were detectable in blood and LNs of all patients. (unige.ch)
  • This activity explains when this condition should be considered on a differential diagnosis, articulates how to properly evaluate for this condition, and highlights the interprofessional team's role in caring for patients with HIV. (nih.gov)
  • Explain how the diagnosis of HIV disease is confirmed. (nih.gov)
  • These conserved regions can play a key role in the development of an effective HIV-1 immunogen reactive against all HIV-1 subtypes. (sun.ac.za)
  • 2016. Report on Carcinogens monograph on human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (nih.gov)
  • Dolutegravir has been approved since January 2014 in combination with other antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults and adolescents above 12 years of age. (sciencedaily.com)
  • HIV-1 (Human immunodeficiency virus 1)에 대한 중화 항체는 일부 환자에게서만 생성되지만, HIV 감염을 차단할 수 있기 때문에 HIV 치료제 개발에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. (natureasia.com)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has infected more than 60 million people and caused nearly 30 million deaths worldwide [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The HIV-1 viral particle contains all the macromolecular components to infect host cells, typically CD4 + T human cells, by fusion of the viral envelope with the cell plasma membrane. (aps.org)
  • HIV is a sexually transmitted disease (that can be spread outside of sexual contact) known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (anylabtestnow.com)
  • The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing system has been shown to be effective at inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). (jefferson.edu)
  • Viral budding from host cells can release millions of HIV particles that can go to infect other cells. (nih.gov)
  • There were significant differences in their capacities to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in infected MT2 cells, 1 being ineffective against HIV-2 while 2 was equally effective against both virus types. (rcsb.org)
  • However, while budding from the plasma membrane in T-cells is relatively well defined, the host factors and processes involved in the intracellular assembly and trafficking of HIV-1 in macrophages/microglia remains poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • HIV-1 ELISA was negative in June, 2019, then became positive in September, with incomplete immunoblot (Fiebig stage IV), plasma HIV-1 RNA of 5·1 log10 copies per mL, and CD4 count of 821 cells per μL. (natap.org)
  • Plasma HIV-1 RNA was 5·5 log10 copies per mL, and CD4 count was 205 cells per μL (8%) in July, 2019, despite a regimen of tenofovir, emtricitabine, ritonavir-boosted darunavir, and dolutegravir. (natap.org)
  • Early HIV replication cycle begins with the recognition of the target cells (mainly CD4 + T cells) by the mature virion and continues as virion core particles enters and facilitates its integration to the genomic DNA of the chromosome of the host cell. (hindawi.com)
  • Studies have not consistently used a trackable dual reporter system to determine what cells received the Cas9/gRNA to determine the overall knockdown of HIV. (jefferson.edu)
  • Here, exploiting the advances of molecular modeling, we present the first insights towards the construction of an all-atomistic model of the HIV-1 mature and immature virion. (aps.org)
  • We review over the techniques proposed to build and prepare the system, as well as the steps required to simulate, analyze and characterize the HIV-1 virion model, which contains over 800 million atoms. (aps.org)
  • The World Health Organization estimated that 38 million people worldwide were living with HIV at the end of 2019. (cepheid.com)
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Khayelitsha using serotyping and genotyping techniques. (sun.ac.za)
  • In Bangui, the rate of isolation of pure cultures of K. pneumoniae from the stools of immunocompromised HIV-infected adults with chronic diarrhea is increasing. (cdc.gov)
  • The role of K. pneumoniae in HIV-infected adults is not well documented. (cdc.gov)
  • For adolescents and adults who have already been treated for HIV-1 with other drugs, the G‑BA specified an individual antiretroviral treatment depending on their prior therapy and the reason for the treatment switch. (sciencedaily.com)
  • British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2015 (2016 interim update). (springer.com)
  • Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. (springer.com)
  • HIV-1 entry is set up by binding of the viral Env surface glycoprotein gp120 to CD4 followed by interactions with a chemokine receptor which trigger structural changes in the gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein of Env that lead to fusion. (immune-source.com)
  • The rgp120 in the RV144 HIV clinical trial showed extensive net charge heterogeneity that necessitated the use of immuno-affinity chromatography for purification greatly reducing yield and increasing manufacturing complexity. (maxcyte.com)
  • In contrast, treating activated rCD4s with the immunosuppressant cyclosporin, a calcineurin inhibitor, robustly inhibited HIV-1 reactivation. (jci.org)
  • This patient had been HIV-positive since 1995, with a long history of virological failure. (natap.org)
  • The primary endpoint was time to loss of virological control (plasma HIV-RNA >1,000 c/mL for 4 weeks or confirmed >100,000 c/mL). (natap.org)
  • 1 in D). The combination of LEFI and bNAbs vs. bNAbs alone did not result in improved virological control (log-rank, P=0.42). (natap.org)
  • Calcagno A, D'Avolio A, Bonora S. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of raltegravir and experience from clinical trials in HIV-positive patients. (springer.com)
  • Global T cell activation is a well-characterized means of inducing HIV-1 transcription, but is considered too toxic for clinical applications. (jci.org)
  • We continue to pursue new methods for treating HIV, as shown by our growing body of clinical research, and we look forward to sharing new data from our ongoing, global Phase 3 clinical trials for islatravir with doravirine in the future. (merck.com)