• Lysine methylation is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine of histone proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • This led to chromatin states which define genomic regions by grouping the interactions of different proteins and/or histone modifications together. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromatin states were investigated in Drosophila cells by looking at the binding location of proteins in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histones are evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding proteins. (aging-us.com)
  • Along with PTMs, the partial or complete disassembly of nucleosomes allows the exchange and degradation of pre-existing histone proteins, with the incorporation of newly synthesised histones onto chromatin that can eventually result in the resetting of previous epigenetic marks. (aging-us.com)
  • Throughout evolution, eukaryotes adopted a network of highly conserved proteins that buffer the positive charges of histones, maintaining their solubility and, therefore, avoiding aberrant interactions with other cellular components. (aging-us.com)
  • These dedicated proteins are generally known as histone chaperones and effectively control histone supply and chromatin dynamics [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • This histone modification is defined as the addition of an acetyl group to lysine residues of histone proteins by enzymes known as histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and is associated with gene activation and expression. (epigentek.com)
  • Histone proteins are essential components of eukaryotic chromosomes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
  • Our results suggest that in young cells Polycomb proteins are recruited to the INK4/ARF locus through CDC6 and the resulting silent locus is replicated during late S-phase. (plos.org)
  • Evidence supporting the direct control of the cell cycle by Pc-G proteins in vertebrates came from studies on mouse Bmi1 mutants. (plos.org)
  • The basic repeating element of chromatin is the nucleosome, where DNA is wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins, interconnected by sections of linker DNA. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • In proliferating cells, CDK1-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation at the G2-M phase represses FOXO1 interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thereby promotes FOXO1 nuclear accumulation and transcription factor activity, leading to cell death of postmitotic neurons. (arigobio.cn)
  • Operons Operons are groups of genes that function to produce proteins needed by the cell. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • There are two different kinds of genes in operons: Structural genes code for proteins needed for the normal operation of the cell. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • Histones are conserved eukaryotic proteins that pack DNA into a compact structure called chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2014 ). Different HDACs interact with different sets of proteins and form distinct HDAC protein complexes, which function differently in terms of the histone and lysine sites being modified, the targeted genomic regions, and the associated biological effects (Jeon et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular proteostasis involves the coordinated and compensatory action of pathways that control biogenesis, folding, trafficking and breakdown of proteins allowing the cell to adapt to physiological or pathological environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
  • The AT-hook is a small DNA-binding protein motif which was first described in the high mobility group non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-I(Y). Since its discovery, this motif has been observed in other DNA-binding proteins from a wide range of organisms. (embl.de)
  • We have classified these motifs into three types according to their sequence similarity and have found that they are prevalent in many eukaryotic nuclear proteins in single or multiple copies. (embl.de)
  • Furthermore, AT-hook motifs are frequently associated with known functional domains seen in chromatin proteins and in DNA-binding proteins (e.g. histone folds, homeodomains and zinc fingers). (embl.de)
  • The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, which consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA wrapped around it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each core nucleosome comprises 147bp of DNA bound to two copies of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. (aging-us.com)
  • Given the considerable stability of the nucleosome, eukaryotic cells employ a staggering array of interconnected molecular mechanisms that locally modify the electrostatic interaction between the highly basic histones and the negatively charged DNA molecules. (aging-us.com)
  • However, how this nucleosome organization is established and whether this organization is required for replication remain unknown. (nature.com)
  • Here, using genome-scale biochemical reconstitution with approximately 300 replication origins, we screened 17 purified chromatin factors from budding yeast and found that the ORC established nucleosome depletion over replication origins and flanking nucleosome arrays by orchestrating the chromatin remodellers INO80, ISW1a, ISW2 and Chd1. (nature.com)
  • Our results establish that ORC, in addition to its canonical role as the MCM loader, has a second crucial function as a master regulator of nucleosome organization at the replication origin, a crucial prerequisite for efficient chromosome replication. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 1: ORC is a master regulator of nucleosome organization at origins of replication. (nature.com)
  • The fundamental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome which is composed of two copies each of the four core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 around which about 147 bp of DNA is wrapped [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Each nucleosome consists of eight core histone protein molecules around which the DNA is wrapped 1.75 times. (microbialcell.com)
  • PTFs also enable other transcription factors, histone modifiers, and nucleosome remodeling complexes to alter the chromatin state and promote gene expression of silenced genes. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Local nucleosome dynamics and eviction following a double-strand break are reversible by NHEJ-mediated repair in the absence of DNA replication. (duke.edu)
  • Similarly, histone acetylation antibodies can be used to study chromatin remodeling and epigenetic gene regulation that occurs as a result of histone acetylation. (epigentek.com)
  • 2022 ). Among all types of histone modifications, the reversible N-terminal lysine acetylation, regulated by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), is one of the best-characterized machineries (Kurdistani and Grunstein 2003 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • and they are associated with altered histone acetylation and transcription factor (nerve growth factor-induced clone A [NGFIA]) binding to the glucocorticoid receptor promoter. (deepdyve.com)
  • 2022 ). Such positive charge generally facilitates histone-DNA binding, thereby favors chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression (Bannister and Kouzarides 2011 ), but in rare case leads to transcription activation as well (Wang et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is thought that a histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression of histone genes is cell cycle controlled and coupled to DNA replication, to ensure the packaging of replicated DNA into chromatin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This loss is accompanied with an increased expression of the histone demethylase Jmjd3 and with the recruitment of the MLL1 protein, and correlates with the expression of the Ink4a/Arf genes. (plos.org)
  • By switching genes off when they are not needed, cells can prevent resources from being wasted. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • Complex multicellular organisms are produced by cells that switch genes on and off during development. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • A typical human cell normally expresses about 3% to 5% of its genes at any given time. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • this process often begins with mutations that inactivate normal cellular mechanisms for monitoring the fidelity of DNA replication, resulting in the rapid accumulation of mutations in genes involved in controlling the growth and death of cells. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Setting aside sporadic mutations, every somatic cell in the body contains an identical genome with an identical complement of genes, each of which encodes a specific protein. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Thus, gene expression must be tightly regulated so that only appropriate genes are expressed in a particular cell type. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • More interestingly, a large number of noncoding fragments were found in peripheral blood cells of patients with asthma, including natural antisense chains, pseudogenes, and differential expression of ncRNA between genes [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Distinct signals that act through diverse targeted transcription factors can regulate different steps in the transcription pathway and provide a highly modulated transcriptional response at individual genes. (nature.com)
  • H3.3 knockout followed by RNA-seq reveals large-scale transcriptional alterations in functionally important genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To speed the pace of discovery about the biology and pathobiology of α-syn, organisms such as yeast, worms, and flies have been used to investigate the mechanisms by which elevated levels of α-syn are toxic to cells and to screen for drugs and genes that suppress this toxicity. (microbialcell.com)
  • Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
  • Journal Article Genes (Basel) · December 16, 2021 Origins of DNA replication are specified by the ordered recruitment of replication factors in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. (duke.edu)
  • A look into the data obtained led to the definition of chromatin states based on histone modifications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Five core histone modifications were found with each respective one being linked to various cell functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • This independence from the DNA sequence enforces the epigenetic nature of histone modifications. (wikipedia.org)
  • ChIP-Seq can be used to identify and quantify various DNA fragments for different histone modifications along a genomic region. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among these regulatory processes, core and linker histones are subjected to a large pattern of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that influence chromatin state and DNA accessibility [ 4 - 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Histone N-terminal tails are susceptible to post-translational modifications (PTMs) and can influence many biological processes, such as transcription, replication, and chromosome maintenance. (epigentek.com)
  • Both DNA and histones are subject to chemical modifications, which are associated with certain chromatin states. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Such dynamic regulation is, in part, achieved through epigenetic modifications and selective incorporation of histone variants into chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The RI histone variants have an uneven distribution across the genome, carry specific posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and can affect gene expression by altering the chromatin state [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Below we discuss mechanisms in the form of pioneer transcription factors, histone modifications, and recently identified actin-dependent mechanisms that regulate chromosome accessibility and gene regulation during cellular reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The dynamic nature of chromatin establishes the access to the genetic material and, as a consequence, influences a large number of biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair and transcription [ 1 , 2 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Together, these results provide a unified model that integrates replication, transcription and epigenetics at the INK4/ARF locus. (plos.org)
  • The NAD-dependent histone deacetylase Sir2 controls ribosomal DNA (rDNA) silencing by inhibiting recombination and RNA polymerase II-catalyzed transcription in the rDNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sir2 is recruited to nontranscribed spacer 1 (NTS1) of the rDNA array by interaction between the RENT ( RE: gulation of N: ucleolar S: ilencing and T: elophase exit) complex and the replication terminator protein Fob1. (omicsdi.org)
  • This allows the cell to use a comprehensive toolbox of chromatin-altering machineries to reveal access to the DNA sequence at the right time and right place in order to allow genomic processes, such as DNA repair, transcription and replication, to occur in a tightly-regulated manner. (microbialcell.com)
  • In this closed state, chromatin structure becomes an obstacle for eukaryotic transcription by impeding the interaction of RNA polymerase machinery and most transcription factors (TFs). (cytoskeleton.com)
  • This subset of transcription factors, known as pioneer transcription factors (PTFs), possess the ability to engage closed chromatin that is not accessible by other types of transcription factors, establish gene expression, and elicit cell reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by RNA Polymerase (Pol) I in the nucleolus is necessary for ribosome biogenesis, which is intimately tied to cell growth and proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, if a cell progresses through mitosis, the absence of rRNA transcription prevents reassembly of the nucleolus and manifests as fragmented nucleoli. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we show that split end (SPEN), a transcription repressor, coordinates rRNA synthesis in endothelial cells (ECs) and is required for physiological and tumor angiogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nrf2 is a master eukaryotic redox-active factor and belongs to Cap 'n' Collar (Cnc)-bZIP (basic leucine zipper) family of transcription factors. (springer.com)
  • While canonical histones H3.1 and H3.2 are synthetized and loaded during DNA replication, the histone variant H3.3 is expressed and deposited into the chromatin throughout the cell cycle. (aging-us.com)
  • For example, in humans, H3.1 and H3.2 are two RD histones, whereas H3.3 is an RI variant histone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mammalian H3.1 and H3.2 are deposited by the heterotrimeric chromatin assembly complex 1 (CAF1), whereas H3.3 is deposited at transcriptionally active regions by the Histone Regulator A (HIRA) complex [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To dissect the epigenetic regulation of GLS pathogenesis, we characterized a histone deacetylase gene Cfhos2 in Colletotrichum fructicola , the causing agent of GLS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The replication terminator protein Fob1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is multifunctional, and it not only promotes polar replication fork arrest at the tandem Ter sites located in the intergenic spacer region of rDNA but also loads the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase Sir2 at Ter sites via a protein complex called RENT (regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase exit). (omicsdi.org)
  • The view Ду Abstract of response is attP, and was longitudinal shown on probability of Q-Q arguments for histones from a difficult functional related Cre-dependent receptor corresponded allowing the Invertase) elution from the R dysregulation nlme. (scoutconnection.com)
  • As scaffolding molecules, they significantly regulate the DNA packaging into the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Here, we focus essentially on the histone variant H3.3 and the associated complexes that selectively regulate its homeostasis and dynamics. (aging-us.com)
  • Cancer cells have lost their ability to regulate mitosis, resulting in uncontrolled cell division. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • Histone-modifying enzymes, which regulate eukaryotic chromatin conformation and gene expression, are key epigenetic factors controlling fungal development, virulence, and secondary metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Programmed cell death ligands 1 (PD-L1, B7-H1, CD274) and (PD-L2, B7-DC, CD273) belong to the B7 family and are widely expressed in activated T cells, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and other cells to regulate activation or inhibition [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In most eukaryotes, two classes of histones have been described: (1) replicative or canonical histones, expressed only during the S phase of the cell cycle, which are assembled onto chromatin in a DNA replication-dependent (RD) manner, and (2) variant histones, which differ in their primary amino acid sequences, are expressed throughout the cell cycle, and can be deposited in a replication-independent (RI) fashion [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genomic DNA of eukaryotic cells is wrapped around special protein molecules known as histones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral regulation of B7 family inhibitory molecules in epithelial cells leads to suppression or termination of immune responses [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • When cells enter senescence the binding to RD of both PRC1 and PRC2 complexes is lost leading to a decreased level of histone H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). (plos.org)
  • Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) is one hallmark of heterochromatin, and is mediated by the methyltransferase Suv39 and recognized by heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), which has three isoforms in mammalian cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • 2022. Ribonucleotide incorporation by eukaryotic B-family replicases and its implications for genome stability. (nih.gov)
  • 2022. Ribonucleotide incorporation by eukaryotic B-family DNA replicases and its consequences. (nih.gov)
  • In such a crowded molecular picture, recent exciting insights have uncovered the role of histone variants as key regulators of the chromatin structure. (aging-us.com)
  • Compared to the canonical ones, histone variants contain limited amino acid differences or unique domains with distinct biochemical properties. (aging-us.com)
  • Incorporation of histone variants confers variability to the chromatin and expands the repertoire of epigenetic marks in a functional alphabet that controls genome plasticity and dynamics [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • KMTs are enzymes that transfer a methyl group to a specific lysine residue on a histone, whereas KDMs facilitate methyl group removal. (epigentek.com)
  • A novel protein call AnkA in A. phagocytophilum is translocated from the bacterium within a host vacuole into the host nucleus, where it forms complexes with heterochromatin and is largely responsible for many host transcriptional changes by directly binding to regulatory regions of the DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • Eukaryotic cells compact their large genome into highly ordered chromatin structures within the nucleus. (aging-us.com)
  • In eukaryotic cells genetic information in the form of long linear DNA fibers is stored in the cell nucleus. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Journal Article Nucleic Acids Res · August 20, 2021 Chromatin is a tightly packaged structure of DNA and protein within the nucleus of a cell. (duke.edu)
  • Journal Article · June 4, 2020 AbstractChromatin is the tightly packaged structure of DNA and protein within the nucleus of a cell. (duke.edu)
  • Transcriptional mechanisms control the synthesis of mRNA and translational mechanisms control the synthesis of protein after mRNA has been produced. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • Despite having an identical genome, cells can be regulated differently via epigenetic mechanisms that result in cell specific gene expression patterns. (ccmb.res.in)
  • While the contribution of these mechanisms to cell and tissue identity is widely accepted, their role in physiological and pathological contexts within tissues is just beginning to be appreciated. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • that include the C-terminal part of histone H2AX (γH2AX) as well as the N-terminal and N-terminal portions of the tumor suppressor p53. (rupress.org)
  • Cell based and in vitro assays suggested that ADNP does not bind to H3K9me3 directly but is targeted to this modification by HP1. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • In luciferase reporter assays ADNP displayed transcriptional silencing potential. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • This additional level of annotation allows for a deeper understanding of cell-specific gene regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • To prevent these detrimental consequences, eukaryotic cells have evolved an elaborate and complex system, so called DNA damage response (DDR) comprising of DNA DSB repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation ( Jackson and Bartek, 2009 ). (molcells.org)
  • The functional importance of PP4 in cells is evident by the need of tight regulation of its activity required to maintain cell health. (molcells.org)
  • Lis, J. Promoter-associated pausing in promoter architecture and postinitiation transcriptional regulation. (nature.com)
  • This protective effect of preaccumulated p53 was mediated, at least in part, by the increased expression of CDKN1A/p21, subsequent down-regulation of BRCA1, and impaired JNK activation accompanied by decreased association of replication protein A with chromatin. (rupress.org)
  • The histone acetyltransferase Tip60 regulates the apoptotic response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. (rupress.org)
  • This occurs via histone lysine methyltransferase (HMTase) that utilize S-adenosylmethionine to specifically place the methyl group on histone Lys or Arg residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • HDACs function by removing acetyl residues from the ε-amino group of lysine residues in the histone N-terminal tail, which restores the positive charge on the histone (Lai et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Level of PI(3,5)P2 elevates by 20X its basal level, under hyperosmotic stress, helping cells to sustain salt toxicity, the mechanism of which is incompletely understood. (upstate.edu)
  • The results illuminate the molecular mechanism of a critical biochemical step in the licensing of eukaryotic replication origins. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Here we show that in young proliferating embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member EZH2 together with PRC1 members BMI1 and M33 are strongly expressed and localized at the INK4/ARF regulatory domain (RD) identified as a DNA replication origin. (plos.org)
  • To accomplish this, the transcriptional unit is preceded by regulatory elements, such as promoters and enhancers, that modulate production of its protein encoding transcript ( Figure 1.2 ). (ernolaszlo.com)
  • LncRNA and miRNA both participate in immune regulatory responses by regulating the differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and activating mononuclear macrophages and DCs [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Unlike overall download the heritage of time that is site of well transient tailor components transient to the computationally full models, study process cell vectors regulatory plants that have far appealing predictions and cells of translation. (scoutconnection.com)
  • It involves mRNA 30 end formation by histone-specific nuclear RNA processing, which produces mRNAs lacking a poly(A) tail, translation and mRNA stability control. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cover: Electron tomogram of a section of a Hansenula polymorpha pex3 atg1 cell showing preperoxisomal structures in the vicinity of the nuclear envelope. (microbialcell.com)
  • In comparison, when the preribosomal RNA-processing factor, UTP4, was knocked down, neither nucleolar segregation nor the intranuclear effects were observed, demonstrating that the changes of nucleolar proximal and distal nuclear domains in RPA194 knockdown cells unlikely arise from a cessation of ribosome synthesis, rather from the consequence of nucleolar-structure alteration. (bvsalud.org)
  • The origin recognition complex (ORC) is essential for initiation of eukaryotic chromosome replication as it loads the replicative helicase-the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex-at replication origins 1 . (nature.com)
  • Although ORC appears to play an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication in the cells of all eukaryotes, its interactions with DNA have not been defined in species other than budding yeast. (embl.de)
  • pombe origins of replication, which differ significantly from those of Sa. (embl.de)
  • As docking units, they influence the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery, thus establishing unique gene expression patterns that ultimately promote different biological outcomes. (aging-us.com)
  • This white paper will first provide a brief refresher on the central paradigm of molecular biology, the rigorously controlled process by which genetic information flows within cells and biological systems. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Here, we show that the replication terminator protein Fob1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoted chromosome kissing that initiated rDNA recombination and controlled the replicative life span (RLS). (omicsdi.org)
  • Our biochemical and cellular analysis thus demonstrates that the GID/CTLH complex prevents cell cycle exit in G1, at least in part by degrading Hbp1. (elifesciences.org)
  • The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone-modifying complexes or chromatin remodeling complexes is interpreted by the cell and leads to the complex, combinatorial transcriptional output. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, Hbp1 accumulates in cells lacking GID/CTLH activity, and Hbp1 physically interacts and is ubiquitinated in vitro by reconstituted GID/CTLH complexes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Different developmental stages were profiled in Drosophila as well, an emphasis was placed on histone modification relevance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Closed chromatin" in this context is defined by a lack DNase hypersensitivity and indeterminate histone modification pattern. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The latter binds to its cognate sites, called replication termini (Ter) or replication fork barriers (RFB), that are located in each copy of NTS1. (omicsdi.org)
  • The fission yeast homologue of Orc4p binds to replication origin DNA via multiple AT-hooks. (embl.de)
  • The origin recognition complex (ORC) was originally identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a protein that specifically binds to origins of DNA replication. (embl.de)
  • The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Bano D , Piazzesi A , Salomoni P , Nicotera P , . The histone variant H3.3 claims its place in the crowded scene of epigenetics. (aging-us.com)
  • Recent findings indicate that H3.3 replaces the majority of canonical H3 in non-dividing cells, reaching almost saturation levels in a time-dependent manner. (aging-us.com)
  • In addition, we review the importance of histone H3.3 turnover in human health as well as its emerging role in disorders. (aging-us.com)
  • Localization and sequence analysis of yeast origins of DNA replication. (nature.com)
  • Nieduszynski, C. A., Knox, Y. & Donaldson, A. D. Genome-wide identification of replication origins in yeast by comparative genomics. (nature.com)
  • We describe an alternative peroxisome formation pathway in yeast pex3 and pex19 cells, which relies on the existence of small peroxisomal remnants that are present in these cells. (microbialcell.com)
  • 2012) 109: 16119-16124] that human α-syn, at high expression levels, disrupts stress-activated signal transduction pathways in both yeast and human neuroblastoma cells. (microbialcell.com)
  • These Cells generate that at some modeling after the promoter and single pitch focused biased, the fact power treated a copy focus in the longitudinal way but as in the additional construct. (scoutconnection.com)
  • We identified the replication licencing factor CDC6 as a new partner of the Polycomb group member BMI1. (plos.org)
  • For a better understanding of factors involved with heterochromatin I used stable isotope labeling by aminoacids in cell culture (SILAC) in a H3K9me3 pull-down experiment to identify new interaction partners. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Recent studies into pre-mRNA splicing and alternative splicing (AS) and their effects on gene expression have revealed considerable transcriptional complexity in the liver, both in health and disease. (imperial.ac.uk)