Histone transcriptional regulation replication through transcriptional. Medical search. Frequent questions

The fundamental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome which is composed of two copies each of the four core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 around which about 147 bp of DNA is wrapped [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Each core nucleosome comprises 147bp of DNA bound to two copies of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. (aging-us.com)
Given the considerable stability of the nucleosome, eukaryotic cells employ a staggering array of interconnected molecular mechanisms that locally modify the electrostatic interaction between the highly basic histones and the negatively charged DNA molecules. (aging-us.com)
Binding of sequence-specific transcription factors and associated chromatin-modifying enzymes can induce post-translational modification of histone tails and can facilitate nucleosome removal [ 3 - 5 ], which can turn functional sequences such as promoters and enhancers into active, nucleosome-depleted sites [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A histone chaperone that facilitates nucleosome assembly by mediating the formation of the histone octamer and its transfer to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
Together, these grants have produced a transformative technique for the locus-specific labeling of individual nucleosomes that allowed resolution of one of the longest unsolved questions regarding chromatin, showing that individual nucleosome retain their genomic addresses through multiple DNA replication cycles. (grantome.com)
For each type of virus, what is known about the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and regulatory RNA in epigenetic regulation of the virus infection will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
PTFs also enable other transcription factors, histone modifiers, and nucleosome remodeling complexes to alter the chromatin state and promote gene expression of silenced genes. (cytoskeleton.com)
Nucleosome consists of DNA wrapped around 8 histone protein called histone octamer. (microbiologynotes.org)
Both DNA and histone are packed all together to form nucleosome, nucleosome are a pack which are called chromatin, 2 chromatin forms a chromosomes . (microbiologynotes.org)
Each histone protein gathered to create 1 octameric nucleosome core particle and 147 base of DNA wrap around this core particle. (microbiologynotes.org)

Its heterochromatin targeting is proposed to involve a combinatorial readout of histone H3 modifications (specifically methylation states of H3K9 and H3K4) and association with CBX5. (arigobio.com)
Arsenic exposure activated ferritin transcription via the ARE concomitant with increased methylation of histones H4Arg3 (H4R3) and H3Arg17 (H3R17). (embl.de)
To test our hypothesis that histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation regulates ferritin transcription, H4R3 and H3R17 protein arginine (R) methyltransferases 1 and 4 (PRMT1 and PRMT4) were investigated. (embl.de)
Arsenic exposure of human HaCaT keratinocytes induced nuclear accumulation of PRMT1 and PRMT4, histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation proximal to the ARE, but not to the non-ARE regions of ferritin genes. (embl.de)
In addition, using invitro methylation assay we identified 4 new substrates for PRMT6, extending the involvement of this enzyme to other cellular processes beyond its well-established role in gene expression regulation. (embl.de)
A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post‑transcriptional control and DNA methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Epigenetic alterations, represented by post-transcriptional control and DNA methylation, have been the focus of recent studies. (spandidos-publications.com)
The Developmental Genetics Research Group studies epigenetic regulation of organ development and stem cell functions, mediated by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins and DNA methylation (5mC) mechanisms. (riken.jp)
We are now elucidating novel molecules that function upstream of NP95-DNMT1, and couple DNA replication with maintenance methylation in mammalian cells. (riken.jp)
H4 includes acetylation and methylation , which can alter expression of genes located on DNA related to its parent histone octamers. (microbiologynotes.org)
Many lysine and arginine amino acids at the N-terminus of histone undergo methylation. (microbiologynotes.org)
Methylation of different part of the N-terminal of H3 and H4 histones is linked with both repressed and active chromatin, depends on the particular amino acid that is modified in the histone tail. (microbiologynotes.org)

Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. (kb.se)
The precise regulation of transcription, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair requires dynamic control of histone mobility orchestrated by chromatin regulation. (hhs.gov)
We identify thousands of regions across the genome where 3D chromatin conformation varies between individuals and find that this variation is often accompanied by variation in gene expression, histone modifications, and transcription factor binding. (mendeley.com)
MMC induces DNA damage to quiescent corneal keratocytes, which remains unrepaired, resulting in abnormal cell replication and gene transcription that leads to long-term effects on corneal repair. (molvis.org)
Although H3.3 has been well studied in metazoans, information regarding the assembly of H3.3 onto chromatin and its possible role in transcription regulation remain poorly documented outside of Opisthokonts. (biomedcentral.com)
Together, these results provide a unified model that integrates replication, transcription and epigenetics at the INK4/ARF locus. (plos.org)
The dynamic nature of chromatin establishes the access to the genetic material and, as a consequence, influences a large number of biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair and transcription [ 1 , 2 ]. (aging-us.com)
Distinct signals that act through diverse targeted transcription factors can regulate different steps in the transcription pathway and provide a highly modulated transcriptional response at individual genes. (nature.com)
Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation: whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene promoter to initiate RNA synthesis, emerging evidence points to the pausing of Pol II during early elongation as a widespread regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. (nature.com)
In mice, rapamycin treatment increases expression of histone proteins and Wdfy3 transcription, and alters chromatin organisation in the small intestine, suggesting the mTORC1-histone axis is at least partially conserved in mammals and may offer new targets for anti-ageing interventions. (sdbonline.org)
and they are associated with altered histone acetylation and transcription factor (nerve growth factor-induced clone A [NGFIA]) binding to the glucocorticoid receptor promoter. (deepdyve.com)
A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and repression of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. (lookformedical.com)
Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Below we discuss mechanisms in the form of pioneer transcription factors, histone modifications, and recently identified actin-dependent mechanisms that regulate chromosome accessibility and gene regulation during cellular reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
Chemically modification of histones are associated with structural change that occurs at the time of replication and transcription. (microbiologynotes.org)
Group A act on histone in chromatin and involved with control of transcription. (microbiologynotes.org)
At transcription, a similar effects could be necessary to allow a related change in structure, possible even to allow the histone core to be displaced from DNA. (microbiologynotes.org)
Histone acetylation is required in many cellular processes including transcription, DNA repair, and chromatin assembly. (embl.de)

Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
Histones are evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding proteins. (aging-us.com)
Along with PTMs, the partial or complete disassembly of nucleosomes allows the exchange and degradation of pre-existing histone proteins, with the incorporation of newly synthesised histones onto chromatin that can eventually result in the resetting of previous epigenetic marks. (aging-us.com)
Throughout evolution, eukaryotes adopted a network of highly conserved proteins that buffer the positive charges of histones, maintaining their solubility and, therefore, avoiding aberrant interactions with other cellular components. (aging-us.com)
These dedicated proteins are generally known as histone chaperones and effectively control histone supply and chromatin dynamics [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
Post-translational modifications of histone proteins play a pivotal role in DNA packaging and regulation of genome functions. (sdbonline.org)
Histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) proteins are conserved enzymes that modify histones by acetylating lysine residues. (sdbonline.org)
and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
Histones are a collection of proteins that link with DNA in the nucleus and help to condense it into chromatin. (microbiologynotes.org)

She researched transcriptional regulation in phage lambda with Phyllis Bear and others, as well as DNA genome replication in the phage with Mervyn G. Smith and others. (wikipedia.org)
In striking contrast to the well-known transcriptional roles of chromatin, the equally important functions of chromatin regulation in genome maintenance are virtually unexplored in neural development. (hhs.gov)
Here, we propose that, in addition to transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling plays an equally important role in genome stability across NPC divisions. (hhs.gov)
Our study will address this important gap in the field and mechanistically dissect the distinct roles of chromatin remodeling in transcriptional regulation versus genome maintenance in neurodevelopment. (hhs.gov)
The RI histone variants have an uneven distribution across the genome, carry specific posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and can affect gene expression by altering the chromatin state [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Incorporation of histone variants confers variability to the chromatin and expands the repertoire of epigenetic marks in a functional alphabet that controls genome plasticity and dynamics [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
The hierarchical levels of genome architecture exert transcriptional control by tuning the accessibility and proximity of genes and regulatory elements. (biomedcentral.com)
We have identified previously unknown epigenetic factors that specifically regulate replication timing in the euchromatin compartment of the genome in the S-phase. (riken.jp)
Genome wide analyses by now unveiled that increases in histone acety lation by HDACI even at rest alters mRNA levels of a constrained but still important amount of genes either by upregulation or by downregulation. (mirnaarray.com)

H3.3 knockout followed by RNA-seq reveals large-scale transcriptional alterations in functionally important genes. (biomedcentral.com)
This loss is accompanied with an increased expression of the histone demethylase Jmjd3 and with the recruitment of the MLL1 protein, and correlates with the expression of the Ink4a/Arf genes. (plos.org)
this process often begins with mutations that inactivate normal cellular mechanisms for monitoring the fidelity of DNA replication, resulting in the rapid accumulation of mutations in genes involved in controlling the growth and death of cells. (ernolaszlo.com)
RNA-seq analysis of embryos indicate that in Hat1 mutants over 2000 genes are dysregulated and the observed transcriptional changes imply a delay in the developmental program of gene expression (Varga, 2019). (sdbonline.org)
In "high-FACT" cells, FACT supports expression of genes involved in the regulation of cell cycle, DNA replication, maintenance of an undifferentiated cell state and regulated by the activity of several proto-oncogenes. (oncotarget.com)
The long legacy of GM31105 enabled the discovery of how the Sir genes control heterochromatin formation, the role of silencers in controlling gene expression, and the epigenetic inheritance of transcriptional states. (grantome.com)
Combining this unique resource with gene expression data demonstrates distinct temporal mechanisms of estrogen-mediated gene regulation, particularly in the case of estrogen-suppressed genes. (nature.com)

The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conformation of CHROMATIN determining the transcriptional accessibility or inaccessibility of the DNA. (lookformedical.com)
It is found as a subunit of protein complexes that are in involved in the enzymatic modification of histones including the Mi2 and Sin3 histone deacetylase complexes and the polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
This project will focus on developing regulatory network inference methods for the joint analysis of gene expression and histone modification data from several different types of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, which are gathered from a cohort of patients with solid tumors. (ucsd.edu)
Closed chromatin" in this context is defined by a lack DNase hypersensitivity and indeterminate histone modification pattern. (cytoskeleton.com)
Acetylated histones are main substrates of HDACs and as a result modification of HDAC action inevitably alters gene expression by means of histone concerned chromatin remo deling. (mirnaarray.com)
H3 is an important protein in the emerging feild of epigenetics, where its sequence varients and variables modification states are thought to play a role in the dynamic and long term regulation of gene. (microbiologynotes.org)

These processes are mediated by chromatin remodelers - ATP-dependent protein complexes that can reposition nucleosomes on DNA, evict nucleosomes from DNA, or exchange histone subunits, thus controlling the accessibility, flexibility, and mobility of chromatin. (hhs.gov)
Catalytic component of the chromatin remodeling complex ATRX:DAXX which has ATP-dependent DNA translocase activity and catalyzes the replication-independent deposition of histone H3.3 in pericentric DNA repeats outside S-phase and telomeres, and the in vitro remodeling of H3.3-containing nucleosomes. (arigobio.com)
To fit it into a nucleus with a diameter of ~10 μm, DNA is wrapped around histone octamers, creating strings of nucleosomes that can be further organized into higher-order levels of compaction [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A histone chaperone protein that plays a role in the deposition of NUCLEOSOMES on newly synthesized DNA. (lookformedical.com)
It is present in half of the other 4 histone, which contribute 2 molecules to each nucleosomes bead. (microbiologynotes.org)
Acetylation occurs before the histones are incorporated into nucleosomes.Acetyl group are added to the lysine amino acids in the histone tail each of the core molecules. (microbiologynotes.org)
Group B act on newly synthesized histone in cytosol and are involved in nucleosomes assembly. (microbiologynotes.org)
Acetylation reduces the affinity of the histones for DNA and possibly reduces the interaction between the individual nucleosomes that leads to formation of chromatin fibre. (microbiologynotes.org)

Functional proteomics and immunofluorescence analyses of H3.1 and H3.3 revealed a highly conserved role for Nrp1 and Asf1 histone chaperones in nuclear influx of histones. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, in humans, H3.1 and H3.2 are two RD histones, whereas H3.3 is an RI variant histone. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammalian H3.1 and H3.2 are deposited by the heterotrimeric chromatin assembly complex 1 (CAF1), whereas H3.3 is deposited at transcriptionally active regions by the Histone Regulator A (HIRA) complex [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bano D , Piazzesi A , Salomoni P , Nicotera P , . The histone variant H3.3 claims its place in the crowded scene of epigenetics. (aging-us.com)
While canonical histones H3.1 and H3.2 are synthetized and loaded during DNA replication, the histone variant H3.3 is expressed and deposited into the chromatin throughout the cell cycle. (aging-us.com)
Consequently, H3.3 incorporation and turnover represent an additional layer in the regulation of the chromatin landscape during aging. (aging-us.com)
Here, we focus essentially on the histone variant H3.3 and the associated complexes that selectively regulate its homeostasis and dynamics. (aging-us.com)
In addition, we review the importance of histone H3.3 turnover in human health as well as its emerging role in disorders. (aging-us.com)

At replication, acetylation of histone is necessary to allows them to be attatched with new cores more easily. (microbiologynotes.org)
Acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3-K56) occurs in S phase, and cells lackingH3-K56 acetylation are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. (embl.de)

Lack of Hat1 results in the near complete loss of histone H4 lysine (K) 5 and K12 acetylation in embryos, indicating that Hat1 is the main acetyltransferase specific for these marks in this developmental stage. (sdbonline.org)
Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each. (lookformedical.com)
Alterations in other a lot more than 18 lysine residues distributed amongst a minimum of four different subtypes of histones, i. e, histone 2A, 2B, 3 and 4, may well arise, but weren't examined. (mirnaarray.com)
Histone are highly positively charge and have lysine and arginine residues. (microbiologynotes.org)
The major target for acetylation are lysine 1 the N-terminals tails of histones H3 & H4. (microbiologynotes.org)
Rtt109, also known as KAT11, is a recently characterized fungal-specific histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that modifies histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56) to promotegenome stability. (embl.de)
Rtt109 acetylates histone H3 lysine 56 and functions in DNA replication. (embl.de)

Recent data show that these extrinsic environmental factors synergize with intrinsic age-related changes to influence epigenetic regulation of gene expression, ultimately contributing to the visible-and invisible-signs of skin aging (Chevalier 2019). (ernolaszlo.com)
Subsequent sections focus on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and its relevance to skin aging. (ernolaszlo.com)
This review will address epigenetic regulation in members of the polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, human papillomaviruses, hepatitis B, and herpes viruses. (mdpi.com)
The mechanisms used by certain viruses to dysregulate the host cell through manipulation of epigenetic processes and the role of cellular cofactors such as BRD4 that are known to be involved in epigenetic regulation of host cell pathways will also be covered. (mdpi.com)
For that reason, it is really most likely that differential HDAC activ ities are involved with regulation of various designs of persistent soreness or that diverse designs of persistent soreness may be subjected to distinct epigenetic regulation. (mirnaarray.com)
Understanding the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in cccDNA minichromosome is crucial to develop new therapy on cccDNA, an attractive target for HBV cure. (sciopen.com)
This review summarizes the current advances in epigenetic regulation of cccDNA minichromosome, which might provide clues to novel druggable targets to cure hepatitis B by either silencing or eliminating cccDNA reservoir. (sciopen.com)

On the maternal allele, required for the chromatin occupancy of SMC1 and CTCTF within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and involved in esatblishment of histone tails modifications in the ICR. (arigobio.com)
Such dynamic regulation is, in part, achieved through epigenetic modifications and selective incorporation of histone variants into chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
Among these regulatory processes, core and linker histones are subjected to a large pattern of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that influence chromatin state and DNA accessibility [ 4 - 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
These include chemical modifications of DNA bases, post-translational histone modifications and chromatin structure, and their configuration can be affected by a variety of environmental exposures. (frontiersin.org)
Expression can be controlled by reversible post-translational modifications on histone amino acid tails, with complex cross-talk between modifications ( Kouzarides, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)

Rtt109 does not show sequence conservation with other knownHATs and depends on association with either of two histone chaperones, Asf1 orVps75, for HAT activity. (embl.de)

Enzymes that catalyze acyl group transfer from ACETYL-CoA to HISTONES forming CoA and acetyl-histones. (lookformedical.com)
Enzymes that acetylated histones are acetyl transferases (HATs), commonly known as histone acetylases. (microbiologynotes.org)

All the core histone are acetylated. (microbiologynotes.org)

In most eukaryotes, two classes of histones have been described: (1) replicative or canonical histones, expressed only during the S phase of the cell cycle, which are assembled onto chromatin in a DNA replication-dependent (RD) manner, and (2) variant histones, which differ in their primary amino acid sequences, are expressed throughout the cell cycle, and can be deposited in a replication-independent (RI) fashion [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Compared to the canonical ones, histone variants contain limited amino acid differences or unique domains with distinct biochemical properties. (aging-us.com)

Mechanistically, chromatin modulates these developmental processes via transcriptomic regulation. (hhs.gov)

This promotes deposition of H3K27me3 by the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and subsequent recruitment of the canonical PRC1 (cPRC1)- leading to transcriptional silencing. (riken.jp)

2020), in which we find dissociable roles for Ino80 in YY1-associated transcriptional regulation and homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair in cortical NPCs. (hhs.gov)
Collapsed forks can be rescued by homologous recombination, which restarts replication. (elifesciences.org)

Background: The 3-dimensional (3D) conformation of chromatin inside the nucleus is integral to a variety of nuclear processes including transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair. (mendeley.com)
This protein is found to undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear matrix and chromatin association, and suggests its involvement in the gene regulation at interphase and chromosomal segregation in mitosis. (arigobio.com)
MMC also induced phosphorylation of the nuclear histone marker of DNA damage, γH2AX (a member of the H2A histone family), without induction of cell cycle entry or immediate DNA repair measured by Comet assay. (molvis.org)
Hat1 function and the presence of these acetyl marks are not required for the nuclear transport of histone H4 as histone variant His4r retained its nuclear localization both in Hat1 mutants and in His4r-K5R-K12R double point mutants. (sdbonline.org)

In the early 1980s, Skalka's laboratory cloned unintegrated ASV and studied transcriptional regulatory elements in the viral long terminal repeats (LTRs). (wikipedia.org)
Here we show that in young proliferating embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member EZH2 together with PRC1 members BMI1 and M33 are strongly expressed and localized at the INK4/ARF regulatory domain (RD) identified as a DNA replication origin. (plos.org)
To accomplish this, the transcriptional unit is preceded by regulatory elements, such as promoters and enhancers, that modulate production of its protein encoding transcript ( Figure 1.2 ). (ernolaszlo.com)

By contrast, Stat3 abla tion in intestinal epithelium in vivo or in tumour cell lines in vitro resulted in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M transition and it is linked with histone H3 phosphorylation asso ciated mitotic arrest. (mirnaarray.com)

This family also incorporates the p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase domain which has different catalytic properties and cofactor regulation to KAT11 (PMID:18568037). (embl.de)
Fungal Rtt109 histone acetyltransferase is an unexpected structural homolog ofmetazoan p300/CBP. (embl.de)

DNA replication and DSB repair each occur in the context of chromatin, which must be reorganized for all transactions on DNA, including replication fork progression, DSB detection, and recruitment of DNA repair factors. (hhs.gov)

Therefore, gene regulation may perhaps be considered as a single molecular mechanism underlying the antihyperalge sic impact of HDACIs seen on this review. (mirnaarray.com)

Acts as negative regulator of chromatin incorporation of transcriptionally repressive histone H2AFY, particularily at telomeres and the alpha-globin cluster in erythroleukemic cells. (arigobio.com)
Using a sequential nucleoside analog incorporation assay, a high incidence of unidirectional replication fork movement is detected in testes-derived chromatin and DNA fibers. (sdbonline.org)
Biased fork movement coupled with a strand preference in histone incorporation would explain how asymmetric old and new H3 and H4 are established during replication. (sdbonline.org)

Pausing provides a point of regulation that is distinct from Pol II recruitment and initiation, and this may facilitate the integration of multiple cellular signals. (nature.com)
Initially distinct transcriptional profiles of BrCa cells became similar upon equalizing FACT expression. (oncotarget.com)

Histones H3/H4 regulate expression of an autophagy cargo adaptor Blue Cheese ( Bchs (WDFY3 in mammals), increased expression of which in enterocytes mediates increased H3/H4-dependent healthy longevity. (sdbonline.org)

Histone chaperone FACT, expressed in a limited number of normal cells, is overexpressed in different types of cancer, including BrCa. (oncotarget.com)
Implications forunderstanding histone substrate and chaperone binding by Rtt109 are discussed. (embl.de)

When cells enter senescence the binding to RD of both PRC1 and PRC2 complexes is lost leading to a decreased level of histone H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). (plos.org)

Our results provide an evolutionary perspective on H3.3's conserved role in maintaining the transcriptional landscape of cells and on the emergence of specialized chromatin assembly pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Enzyme histone Deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the removal of acetyl group (i.e deacetylation). (microbiologynotes.org)

Facilitates DNA replication in multiple cellular environments and is required for efficient replication of a subset of genomic loci. (arigobio.com)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation (IR) and replication stress are the most deleterious lesions that lead to genomic instability and cellular transformation. (molcells.org)
Problems that arise during DNA replication can drive genomic alterations that are instrumental in the development of cancers and many human genetic disorders. (elifesciences.org)

A recent study from the Wilkens lab in collaboration with Seoul National University uncovered a novel mechanism of yeast V-ATPase regulation based on biochemical experiments and cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of holo V-ATPase and Oxr1 bound V 1 subcomplex. (upstate.edu)

Our results identify a novel inhibitor of PP4 that inhibits PP4-mediated cellular functions and establish the physiological importance of this regulation. (molcells.org)

Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)

The proposed research program will answer multiple long-standing questions in epigenetics such as determining where the memory component resides that allows epigenetic inheritance of transcriptional states and resolving the mechanism of that memory. (grantome.com)

As docking units, they influence the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery, thus establishing unique gene expression patterns that ultimately promote different biological outcomes. (aging-us.com)

Eukaryotic cells can rapidly adjust their transcriptional profile in response to molecular needs. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
To prevent these detrimental consequences, eukaryotic cells have evolved an elaborate and complex system, so called DNA damage response (DDR) comprising of DNA DSB repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation ( Jackson and Bartek, 2009 ). (molcells.org)
Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at multiple origin sites along each chromosome and terminates when replication forks (RFs) from adjacent origins converge. (elifesciences.org)

This study shows that inhibition of mTORC1 by the lifespan-extending drug rapamycin increases expression of histones H3 and H4 post-transcriptionally, through eIF3 -mediated translation. (sdbonline.org)

The estrogen receptor is the master transcriptional regulator of breast cancer phenotype and the archetype of a molecular therapeutic target. (nature.com)

Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. (lookformedical.com)

In such a crowded molecular picture, recent exciting insights have uncovered the role of histone variants as key regulators of the chromatin structure. (aging-us.com)

Skalka later joined the Fox Chase Cancer Center, where she continued to study the molecular aspects of retroviral replication. (wikipedia.org)

This so-called recombination-dependent replication (RDR) helps ensure that DNA is fully replicated prior to sister chromatid segregation, thereby avoiding mitotic catastrophes. (elifesciences.org)

A retinoblastoma-binding protein that has an affinity for core HISTONES. (lookformedical.com)

This study shows that, similarly to H3 , histone H4 is inherited asymmetrically in Drosophila melanogaster male germline stem cells undergoing asymmetric division. (sdbonline.org)

Recently, the work supported by GM120374 led to the discovery that mutations in components of the Krebs cycle that function as cancer driver mutations have unexpected impacts on histone demethylases and gene silencing, and identified new metabolic links to heterochromatin stability. (grantome.com)

Anatomy21

Organisms12

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs101

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes105

Information Science4

Health Care2

Nucleosome11

Methylation12

Transcription18

Proteins9

Genome9

Genes7

Modification6

Nucleosomes8

H3.38

Acetylation of histone2

Lysine7

Epigenetic regulation7

Modifications5

Chaperones1

Enzymes2

Core histone1

Amino acid2

Modulates1

Canonical1

Homologous recombination2

Nuclear4

Regulatory3

Phosphorylation1

Acetyltransferase2

Including replication fork1

Gene regulation1

Incorporation3

Distinct2

Regulate1

Chaperone2

Complexes1

Specialized chromatin assembly1

Deacetylation1

Genomic3

Yeast1

Cellular1

Repressive1

Mechanism1

Recruitment1

Eukaryotic4

Transcriptionally1

Regulator1

Contrast1

Variants1

Molecular1

Mitotic1

Affinity1

Germline stem1

Heterochromatin1