Histone modifications regulation and transcriptional replication through transcriptional. Medical search. Frequent questions

Post-translational modifications of histone proteins play a pivotal role in DNA packaging and regulation of genome functions. (sdbonline.org)
Histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) proteins are conserved enzymes that modify histones by acetylating lysine residues. (sdbonline.org)
In mice, rapamycin treatment increases expression of histone proteins and Wdfy3 transcription, and alters chromatin organisation in the small intestine, suggesting the mTORC1-histone axis is at least partially conserved in mammals and may offer new targets for anti-ageing interventions. (sdbonline.org)
Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
Mapping of chromosomes replication origins in Leishmania and identification of nuclear proteins associated to the centrosomes (Bastien). (labex-parafrap.fr)
Mechanisms involved in epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, changes to chromatin structure facilitated by modification of histone proteins and changes to chromatin structure modified by noncoding RNAs. (evolutamente.it)
Histones are conserved eukaryotic proteins that pack DNA into a compact structure called chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
2014 ). Different HDACs interact with different sets of proteins and form distinct HDAC protein complexes, which function differently in terms of the histone and lysine sites being modified, the targeted genomic regions, and the associated biological effects (Jeon et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Histones are evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding proteins. (aging-us.com)
Along with PTMs, the partial or complete disassembly of nucleosomes allows the exchange and degradation of pre-existing histone proteins, with the incorporation of newly synthesised histones onto chromatin that can eventually result in the resetting of previous epigenetic marks. (aging-us.com)
Throughout evolution, eukaryotes adopted a network of highly conserved proteins that buffer the positive charges of histones, maintaining their solubility and, therefore, avoiding aberrant interactions with other cellular components. (aging-us.com)
These dedicated proteins are generally known as histone chaperones and effectively control histone supply and chromatin dynamics [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
In eukaryotes, DNA is packed inside the cell nucleus in the form of chromatin, which consists of DNA, proteins such as histones, and RNA. (nature.com)
The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
2008). Several lines of evidence support that molecular coupling of DNA methylation and histone modification may well be partially mediated through methylcytosine-binding proteins. (pi4kinhibitor.com)
2007). The VIM proteins are involved inside the regulation of DNA methylation and epigenetic gene silencing at heterochromatic regions (Woo et al. (pi4kinhibitor.com)
2013). However, the roles in the VIM proteins in histone modification haven't been investigated. (pi4kinhibitor.com)
Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. (affbiotech.com)

Its heterochromatin targeting is proposed to involve a combinatorial readout of histone H3 modifications (specifically methylation states of H3K9 and H3K4) and association with CBX5. (arigobio.com)
A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post‑transcriptional control and DNA methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Epigenetic alterations, represented by post-transcriptional control and DNA methylation, have been the focus of recent studies. (spandidos-publications.com)
DNA methylation alters glucocorticoid receptor expression through modifications of chromatin structure. (deepdyve.com)
Common features in epilepsy can now be explained by epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodelling and non-coding RNAs. (evolutamente.it)
Arsenic exposure activated ferritin transcription via the ARE concomitant with increased methylation of histones H4Arg3 (H4R3) and H3Arg17 (H3R17). (embl.de)
To test our hypothesis that histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation regulates ferritin transcription, H4R3 and H3R17 protein arginine (R) methyltransferases 1 and 4 (PRMT1 and PRMT4) were investigated. (embl.de)
Arsenic exposure of human HaCaT keratinocytes induced nuclear accumulation of PRMT1 and PRMT4, histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation proximal to the ARE, but not to the non-ARE regions of ferritin genes. (embl.de)
In addition, using invitro methylation assay we identified 4 new substrates for PRMT6, extending the involvement of this enzyme to other cellular processes beyond its well-established role in gene expression regulation. (embl.de)
PCR2 targets genes that are developmentally regulated and catalyzes di- and histone tri-methylation, resulting in chromatin compaction and gene repression. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
Protein interacting with PcG histone methylation sites may provide sites for therapeutic intervention. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, HSC function and biology have important roles. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
2011). A further instance of molecular linker in between DNA methylation and histone modification is usually a JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase, Improved IN BONSAI METHYLATION 1 (IBM1). (pi4kinhibitor.com)
2009). Mutation from the gene encoding histone H3 acetyltransferase, Improved DNA METHYLATION 1 (IDM1), in Arabidopsis also outcomes in elevated levels of cytosine methylation (Qian et al. (pi4kinhibitor.com)

Lack of Hat1 results in the near complete loss of histone H4 lysine (K) 5 and K12 acetylation in embryos, indicating that Hat1 is the main acetyltransferase specific for these marks in this developmental stage. (sdbonline.org)
This study was designed to utilize next-generation sequencing technology, combined with ChIP (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation) technology, to comprehensively, quantitatively and cost-effectively analyze histone modification (acetylation) and to map protein target sites in the bovine genome that are responsive to modulation by VFAs. (usda.gov)
we analyzed histone modification (acetylation) induced by butyrate and the large-scale mapping of the epigenomic landscape of normal histone H3 and acetylated histone H3K9 and H3K27. (usda.gov)
A de novo search for H3, acetyl-H3K9 and acetyl-H3K27 binding motifs indicated that histone modification (acetylation) at various locations changes the histone H3 binding preferences. (usda.gov)
The epigenomic landscape modified by butyrate-induced histone acetylation and reported here is a crucial starting-point for an in-depth evaluation of the mechanisms involved in bovine rumen epithelial epigenomic regulation. (usda.gov)
and they are associated with altered histone acetylation and transcription factor (nerve growth factor-induced clone A [NGFIA]) binding to the glucocorticoid receptor promoter. (deepdyve.com)
To test whether histone acetylation level regulates its replication dynamics, we induced either global hyperacetylation by pharmacological inhibition or by targeting a histone acetyltransferase to the heterochromatic region of the X chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data reveal that histone acetylation level affects DNA replication dynamics of the sex chromosomes' heterochromatin and leads to a global reduction in replication fork rate genome wide. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we highlighted a conserved role of histone acetylation level on replication dynamics across mammalian species. (biomedcentral.com)
Euchromatin includes less-condensed transcriptional active regions, determined by a depletion of methylated DNA, an enrichment in specifically methylated histones such as H3K4, H3K36, H3K79 and a high level of histone acetylation [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
2022 ). Among all types of histone modifications, the reversible N-terminal lysine acetylation, regulated by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), is one of the best-characterized machineries (Kurdistani and Grunstein 2003 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Third, during the current examine, histone acetylation was examined only for H3K9/18 and H3K9 following MS 275 or SAHA remedy. (mirnaarray.com)

Binding of sequence-specific transcription factors and associated chromatin-modifying enzymes can induce post-translational modification of histone tails and can facilitate nucleosome removal [ 3 - 5 ], which can turn functional sequences such as promoters and enhancers into active, nucleosome-depleted sites [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
PTFs also enable other transcription factors, histone modifiers, and nucleosome remodeling complexes to alter the chromatin state and promote gene expression of silenced genes. (cytoskeleton.com)
Each core nucleosome comprises 147bp of DNA bound to two copies of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. (aging-us.com)
Given the considerable stability of the nucleosome, eukaryotic cells employ a staggering array of interconnected molecular mechanisms that locally modify the electrostatic interaction between the highly basic histones and the negatively charged DNA molecules. (aging-us.com)
DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (affbiotech.com)

These rRNA genes are organised into a single transcriptional unit and are transcribed into a continuous transcript. (wikipedia.org)
RNA-seq analysis of embryos indicate that in Hat1 mutants over 2000 genes are dysregulated and the observed transcriptional changes imply a delay in the developmental program of gene expression (Varga, 2019). (sdbonline.org)
Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Distinct signals that act through diverse targeted transcription factors can regulate different steps in the transcription pathway and provide a highly modulated transcriptional response at individual genes. (nature.com)
this process often begins with mutations that inactivate normal cellular mechanisms for monitoring the fidelity of DNA replication, resulting in the rapid accumulation of mutations in genes involved in controlling the growth and death of cells. (ernolaszlo.com)
This loss is accompanied with an increased expression of the histone demethylase Jmjd3 and with the recruitment of the MLL1 protein, and correlates with the expression of the Ink4a/Arf genes. (plos.org)
The hierarchical levels of genome architecture exert transcriptional control by tuning the accessibility and proximity of genes and regulatory elements. (biomedcentral.com)
Organization and complexity of life is built from the utilization of basic metabolites, followed by the introduction of biochemical and epigenetic regulation of genes. (evolutamente.it)
Defects in processes that modulate cell division, such as mutations in genes that participate in DNA repair, uncorrected errors during replication, or broken, missing, rearranged, or extra chromosomes, are the principal drivers of genomic instability. (foundmyfitness.com)
Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
At least 60 genes have been described as participants in flowering regulation [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A few of these genes associated with modification of nociceptive hypersensitivity could be sub deletion on the more bonuses HDAC5 gene, but not the HDAC9 gene, success inside a hypersensitive response to continual cocaine reward or pressure in mice. (mirnaarray.com)
Genome wide analyses by now unveiled that increases in histone acety lation by HDACI even at rest alters mRNA levels of a constrained but still important amount of genes either by upregulation or by downregulation. (mirnaarray.com)
The lysine demethylase KDM4A controls the cell-cycle expression of replicative canonical histone genes. (podbean.com)

Catalyzes phosphorylation of KAT5, promoting KAT5 recruitment to chromatin and histone acetyltransferase activity (PubMed:29335245). (wuxibiortus.com)

When cells enter senescence the binding to RD of both PRC1 and PRC2 complexes is lost leading to a decreased level of histone H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). (plos.org)
Many promoters in embryonic stem (ES) cells harbor a distinctive histone modification signature that combines the activating histone H3 Lys 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) mark an. (researchgate.net)
2012). MET1 has an essential function in preserving histone H3 Lys 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) patterning at certain loci (Deleris et al. (pi4kinhibitor.com)

Long and structurally disordered, the CTD contains multiple repeats of heptapeptide sequence YSPTSPS that are subject to phosphorylation and other posttranslational modifications during the transcription cycle. (wikipedia.org)
This protein is found to undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear matrix and chromatin association, and suggests its involvement in the gene regulation at interphase and chromosomal segregation in mitosis. (arigobio.com)
By contrast, Stat3 abla tion in intestinal epithelium in vivo or in tumour cell lines in vitro resulted in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M transition and it is linked with histone H3 phosphorylation asso ciated mitotic arrest. (mirnaarray.com)
The model was built by integrating and modifying two previously published models such that the model outputs for cyclins A and B fit cyclin expression measurements and the activation of B cyclin/Cdk1 coincided with phosphorylation of histone H3. (ebi.ac.uk)
integrates phosphorylation during transcription with chromatin modifications to control co-transcriptional histone mRNA processing (PubMed:15564463, PubMed:19575011, PubMed:19844166). (wuxibiortus.com)
The phosphorylation of MYOD1 enhances its transcriptional activity and thus promotes muscle differentiation (PubMed:12037670). (wuxibiortus.com)

Using pulse-chase replication labeling and time-lapse microscopy, we found that the heterochromatic block enriched for macroH2A/H3K27me3 of the X chromosome is replicated during mid-S-phase, prior to the heterochromatic block enriched for H3K9me3/HP1 beta, which is replicated during late S-phase. (biomedcentral.com)

The importance of histone modifications has moved epigenetic regulation to the forefront of gene regulation research in Apicomplexa and their infected host cells. (labex-parafrap.fr)
In addition, we review the importance of histone H3.3 turnover in human health as well as its emerging role in disorders. (aging-us.com)

In such a crowded molecular picture, recent exciting insights have uncovered the role of histone variants as key regulators of the chromatin structure. (aging-us.com)

Together, these results provide a unified model that integrates replication, transcription and epigenetics at the INK4/ARF locus. (plos.org)
Epigenetics mechanism regulating chromosomal DNA replication will be studied using molecular combing in Leishmania. (labex-parafrap.fr)
The current updated understanding of the term epigenetics describe cellular processes that affect medium to long-term readability and accessibility of the genome that would determine changes in the regulation and structure during gene expression that is outside of the direct changes made to the DNA sequence. (evolutamente.it)
Bano D , Piazzesi A , Salomoni P , Nicotera P , . The histone variant H3.3 claims its place in the crowded scene of epigenetics. (aging-us.com)
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Luca Giorgetti from the Friedrich Miescher Institute to hear about his work on long-range transcriptional control by 3D chromosome structure. (podbean.com)

To dissect the epigenetic regulation of GLS pathogenesis, we characterized a histone deacetylase gene Cfhos2 in Colletotrichum fructicola , the causing agent of GLS. (biomedcentral.com)
2012), and in regulating locus-directed heterochromatin silencing in cooperation with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6) (To et al. (pi4kinhibitor.com)
2013). Additionally, UHRF1 has been implicated in the maintenance of histone modification via association with histone methyltransferase and deacetylase (Unoki et al. (pi4kinhibitor.com)

To accomplish this, the transcriptional unit is preceded by regulatory elements, such as promoters and enhancers, that modulate production of its protein encoding transcript ( Figure 1.2 ). (ernolaszlo.com)
Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)
A novel protein call AnkA in A. phagocytophilum is translocated from the bacterium within a host vacuole into the host nucleus, where it forms complexes with heterochromatin and is largely responsible for many host transcriptional changes by directly binding to regulatory regions of the DNA. (cdc.gov)
As life continued to evolve the need for more complex regulation led to the development of transcription factors and their regulators such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) [13], and protein kinases [14]. (evolutamente.it)
Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) protein-catalyzed 5mC oxidation not only creates novel DNA modifications, such as 5hmC, but also initiates active or passive DNA demethylation. (researchgate.net)
Transcriptional regulation of the human ferritin gene by coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1 and PRMT4. (embl.de)
PRMT6 is a protein arginine methyltransferase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. (embl.de)
Chromatin target of Prmt1 (Chtop) is a vertebrate-specific chromatin-bound protein that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. (embl.de)
Unlike reversible disassembly, which requires ATP hydrolysis on V 1 to break protein-protein interactions, Oxr1p mediated disassembly of V-ATPase is ATP independent and therefore a novel mode of activity regulation. (upstate.edu)
For example, a human methyl CG-binding protein two (MeCP2) is in a position to recruit histone deacetylases towards the methylated region as well as associates with histone methyltransferase activity, each of which lead to transcriptional repression (Jones et al. (pi4kinhibitor.com)
Researchers used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate a nonstructural protein essential in SARS-CoV-2 replication. (news-medical.net)

Following a DNA double strand break (DSB), several nucleases and helicases coordinate to generate single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with 3' free ends, facilitating precise DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR). The same nucleases can act on stalled replication forks, promoting nascent DNA degradation and fork instability. (bvsalud.org)
the CDK9/cyclin-K complex is required for genome integrity maintenance, by promoting cell cycle recovery from replication arrest and limiting single-stranded DNA amount in response to replication stress, thus reducing the breakdown of stalled replication forks and avoiding DNA damage (PubMed:20493174). (wuxibiortus.com)
Phosphorylated on Ser-140 (to form gamma-H2AX or H2AX139ph) in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) generated by exogenous genotoxic agents and by stalled replication forks, and may also occur during meiotic recombination events and immunoglobulin class switching in lymphocytes. (affbiotech.com)

Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. (affbiotech.com)

Luca Giorgetti's research focuses on chromosomal interactions, transcriptional output, and the dynamics of enhancer-promoter relationships. (podbean.com)
Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. (affbiotech.com)

Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at multiple origin sites along each chromosome and terminates when replication forks (RFs) from adjacent origins converge. (elifesciences.org)
Beyond their nutritional impact, clear evidence is beginning to link modifications in chromatin structure induced by butyrate to cell cycle progression, DNA replication and overall chromosome stability. (usda.gov)
Mechanistically, HELQ helicase activity is required for EXO1-mediated DSB end resection, while ssDNA-binding capacity of HELQ is required for its recruitment to stalled forks, facilitating fork protection and preventing chromosome aberrations caused by replication stress. (bvsalud.org)
In conclusion, we mapped major epigenetic modifications controlling the structure of the sex chromosome-associated heterochromatin and demonstrated the occurrence of differences in the molecular mechanisms controlling the replication timing of the heterochromatic blocks at the sex chromosomes in female Microtus cabrerae cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Below we discuss mechanisms in the form of pioneer transcription factors, histone modifications, and recently identified actin-dependent mechanisms that regulate chromosome accessibility and gene regulation during cellular reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
His lab investigated the causal relationship between chromosome interactions and transcriptional events. (podbean.com)

Problems that arise during DNA replication can drive genomic alterations that are instrumental in the development of cancers and many human genetic disorders. (elifesciences.org)
Facilitates DNA replication in multiple cellular environments and is required for efficient replication of a subset of genomic loci. (arigobio.com)

To this end, we first attempted to decipher if IFI16 is associated with any histone methyltransferases (MTase) activity that leads to its observed transcriptional silencing function. (technologynetworks.com)
Histone methyltransferases, SU(VAR)three? (pi4kinhibitor.com)

P-TEFb is also involved in cotranscriptional histone modification, mRNA processing and mRNA export (PubMed:15564463, PubMed:19575011, PubMed:19844166). (wuxibiortus.com)
This base modification is present on average in ~3 sites of every mRNA in mammals. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

Butyrate-induced biological effects in bovine cells provide an example of epigenetic regulation and provide a basis for understanding the full range of the biological roles and molecular mechanisms that butyrate may have in animal cell growth, proliferation and energy metabolism. (usda.gov)
Our research is defining the normal mechanisms of DNA replication and repair, with the aim of understanding how it is deregulated in cancer cells. (birmingham.ac.uk)
It is well known that KSHV uses the repertoire of host epigenetic mechanisms to orchestrate its gene regulations. (technologynetworks.com)
This WP aims to explore key components regulating gene expression in Toxoplasma, Plasmodium and Leishmania and their infected host cells and to gain insight on non-canonical mechanisms governing gene regulation in protozoan parasites. (labex-parafrap.fr)
2nd, the inflammatory soreness induced by formalin differs from that induced by CFA in aspects of duration and beha vioral modifications, indicating various underlying mechanisms. (mirnaarray.com)
The Goodell Lab focuses on the basic mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem (HSC) cells, and how their mis-regulation leads to leukemia development. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

HDACs function by removing acetyl residues from the ε-amino group of lysine residues in the histone N-terminal tail, which restores the positive charge on the histone (Lai et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Alterations in other a lot more than 18 lysine residues distributed amongst a minimum of four different subtypes of histones, i. e, histone 2A, 2B, 3 and 4, may well arise, but weren't examined. (mirnaarray.com)

Expression can be controlled by reversible post-translational modifications on histone amino acid tails, with complex cross-talk between modifications ( Kouzarides, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
Histone lysine acylation is a major class of histone post-translational modifications involved in essential biological activities, such as transcriptional regulation, DNA-damage, a repairnd cell-cycle progression. (news-medical.net)

WP3 will group together experts in parasite cell and molecular biology to address key questions related to gene regulation and differentiation, parasite-specific organelle and cellular functions, and interactions with host cells and tissues. (labex-parafrap.fr)
Therefore, gene regulation may perhaps be considered as a single molecular mechanism underlying the antihyperalge sic impact of HDACIs seen on this review. (mirnaarray.com)

Pausing provides a point of regulation that is distinct from Pol II recruitment and initiation, and this may facilitate the integration of multiple cellular signals. (nature.com)
The Reinberg lab studies the processes shaping chromatin structure and the transcriptional outcome establishing cellular identity. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

This study shows that inhibition of mTORC1 by the lifespan-extending drug rapamycin increases expression of histones H3 and H4 post-transcriptionally, through eIF3 -mediated translation. (sdbonline.org)
Acts as negative regulator of chromatin incorporation of transcriptionally repressive histone H2AFY, particularily at telomeres and the alpha-globin cluster in erythroleukemic cells. (arigobio.com)
Euchromatin, which is permissive for transcription, is spatially organized into transcriptionally inactive domains interspersed with pockets of transcriptional activity. (nature.com)

Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. (kb.se)
Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation: whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene promoter to initiate RNA synthesis, emerging evidence points to the pausing of Pol II during early elongation as a widespread regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. (nature.com)
Here we show that in young proliferating embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member EZH2 together with PRC1 members BMI1 and M33 are strongly expressed and localized at the INK4/ARF regulatory domain (RD) identified as a DNA replication origin. (plos.org)
The cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors involved in transcriptional and post- transcriptional control of stage conversion will be analyzed in Toxoplasma and Plasmodium (genome-wide analyses, proteomics and genetics). (labex-parafrap.fr)
Among these regulatory processes, core and linker histones are subjected to a large pattern of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that influence chromatin state and DNA accessibility [ 4 - 7 ]. (aging-us.com)

The DNA composition and transcriptional activity of these heterochromatin blocks have been studied, but little is known about their DNA replication dynamics and epigenetic composition. (biomedcentral.com)
Fungal pathogenesis is a sophisticated process including infectious development of the pathogen and fungus-host interactions, which requires a fine-tuned regulation of gene expression dynamics. (biomedcentral.com)
Incorporation of histone variants confers variability to the chromatin and expands the repertoire of epigenetic marks in a functional alphabet that controls genome plasticity and dynamics [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Here, we focus essentially on the histone variant H3.3 and the associated complexes that selectively regulate its homeostasis and dynamics. (aging-us.com)

On the maternal allele, required for the chromatin occupancy of SMC1 and CTCTF within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and involved in esatblishment of histone tails modifications in the ICR. (arigobio.com)

Collapsed forks can be rescued by homologous recombination, which restarts replication. (elifesciences.org)

Histones H3/H4 regulate expression of an autophagy cargo adaptor Blue Cheese ( Bchs (WDFY3 in mammals), increased expression of which in enterocytes mediates increased H3/H4-dependent healthy longevity. (sdbonline.org)
Histone-modifying enzymes, which regulate eukaryotic chromatin conformation and gene expression, are key epigenetic factors controlling fungal development, virulence, and secondary metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

To determine the location of histone H3, acetyl-H3K9 and acetyl-H3K27 binding sites within the bovine genome, we analyzed the H3, acetyl-H3K9 and acetyl-H3K27 enriched binding regions in the proximal promoter within 5 Kb upstream or at the 5'untranslated region (UTR) from the transcriptional start site (TSS), exon, intron and intergenic regions (defined as regions 25 Kb upstream or 10 Kb downstream from the TSS). (usda.gov)
The analysis indicated that the distribution of histone H3, acetyl-H3K9 and acetyl-H3K27 correlated with transcription activity induced by butyrate. (usda.gov)

Catalytic component of the chromatin remodeling complex ATRX:DAXX which has ATP-dependent DNA translocase activity and catalyzes the replication-independent deposition of histone H3.3 in pericentric DNA repeats outside S-phase and telomeres, and the in vitro remodeling of H3.3-containing nucleosomes. (arigobio.com)
To fit it into a nucleus with a diameter of ~10 μm, DNA is wrapped around histone octamers, creating strings of nucleosomes that can be further organized into higher-order levels of compaction [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. (affbiotech.com)

While canonical histones H3.1 and H3.2 are synthetized and loaded during DNA replication, the histone variant H3.3 is expressed and deposited into the chromatin throughout the cell cycle. (aging-us.com)
Consequently, H3.3 incorporation and turnover represent an additional layer in the regulation of the chromatin landscape during aging. (aging-us.com)

Using a sequential nucleoside analog incorporation assay, a high incidence of unidirectional replication fork movement is detected in testes-derived chromatin and DNA fibers. (sdbonline.org)
Biased fork movement coupled with a strand preference in histone incorporation would explain how asymmetric old and new H3 and H4 are established during replication. (sdbonline.org)

Hat1 function and the presence of these acetyl marks are not required for the nuclear transport of histone H4 as histone variant His4r retained its nuclear localization both in Hat1 mutants and in His4r-K5R-K12R double point mutants. (sdbonline.org)

This so-called recombination-dependent replication (RDR) helps ensure that DNA is fully replicated prior to sister chromatid segregation, thereby avoiding mitotic catastrophes. (elifesciences.org)
The model depends on Cdh1-regulated cyclin degradation during G1, regulation of B cyclin/Cdk1 activity by cyclin A/Cdk via Wee1, and transcriptional control of the mitotic cyclins that reflects some of the current literature. (ebi.ac.uk)

Compared to the canonical ones, histone variants contain limited amino acid differences or unique domains with distinct biochemical properties. (aging-us.com)

2022 ). Such positive charge generally facilitates histone-DNA binding, thereby favors chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression (Bannister and Kouzarides 2011 ), but in rare case leads to transcription activation as well (Wang et al. (biomedcentral.com)

Progression of a cell through the division cycle is tightly controlled at different steps to ensure the integrity of genome replication and partitioning to daughter cells. (ebi.ac.uk)

Euchromatin is replicated in early S-phase, when the replication machinery is present as a multitude of small replication foci that are well distributed throughout the nuclear interior. (biomedcentral.com)

Background: The 3-dimensional (3D) conformation of chromatin inside the nucleus is integral to a variety of nuclear processes including transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair. (mendeley.com)
Within the genome, many processes occur almost simultaneously so that the regulation of possibly chaotic access is tightly controlled. (birmingham.ac.uk)
We examine the impact that processes such as transcription and replication have on genome stability. (birmingham.ac.uk)
In higher eukaryotes, the nuclear genome is compartmentalized into distinct chromatin territories to facilitate the regulation of complex processes such as DNA repair, transcription and replication. (biomedcentral.com)
The dynamic nature of chromatin establishes the access to the genetic material and, as a consequence, influences a large number of biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair and transcription [ 1 , 2 ]. (aging-us.com)

Histone H2A.X Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Histone H2A.X. (affbiotech.com)

TETs' role in the crosstalk with specific histone modifications, however, is largely elusive. (researchgate.net)

For that reason, it is really most likely that differential HDAC activ ities are involved with regulation of various designs of persistent soreness or that diverse designs of persistent soreness may be subjected to distinct epigenetic regulation. (mirnaarray.com)
Acetylated histones are main substrates of HDACs and as a result modification of HDAC action inevitably alters gene expression by means of histone concerned chromatin remo deling. (mirnaarray.com)

this is illustrated with the complex epigenetic regulation of the Arabidopsis floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) . (ehu.eus)
An Arabidopsis mutation defective in IBM1 JAK2 Inhibitor Purity & Documentation causes elevated histone H3 Lys 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) levels and concomitant CHG hypermethylation (Saze et al. (pi4kinhibitor.com)

This type of heterochromatin is replicated during the mid-S-phase, when the replication foci become larger and are located around the nucle(ol)ar periphery. (biomedcentral.com)

These modifications and their regulation constitute the operational code for the CTD to control transcription initiation, elongation and termination and to couple transcription and RNA processing. (wikipedia.org)

Closed chromatin" in this context is defined by a lack DNase hypersensitivity and indeterminate histone modification pattern. (cytoskeleton.com)

A recent study from the Wilkens lab in collaboration with Seoul National University uncovered a novel mechanism of yeast V-ATPase regulation based on biochemical experiments and cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of holo V-ATPase and Oxr1 bound V 1 subcomplex. (upstate.edu)

The internal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in messenger RNA is one of the most abundant RNA modifications in eukaryotes. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes105

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science3

Health Care2

Proteins18

Methylation14

Acetylation12

Nucleosome5

Genes14

Acetyltransferase1

Trimethylation3

Phosphorylation6

H3K27me31

Importance of histone2

Role of histone1

Epigenetics5

Deacetylase3

Protein13

Stalled replication forks3

Core histones1

Chromosomal2

Chromosome6

Genomic2

Methyltransferases2

MRNA2

Mechanisms6

Lysine residues2

Post-translational2

Gene regulation2

Cellular2

Transcriptionally3

Regulatory5

Dynamics4

Tails1

Forks1

Regulate2

H3K92

Nucleosomes3

H3.32

Incorporation2

Variant1

Mitotic2

Canonical1

Repression1

Genome replication1

Euchromatin1

Processes5

Antibody1

Elusive1

HDAC2

Arabidopsis2

Heterochromatin1

Control1

Hypersensitivity1

Mechanism1

Eukaryotes1