• The present study examined this hypothesis that orexinergic receptors in the CA1 region of the hippocampus may play a modulatory role in the development of SIA in formalin test as an animal model of persistent inflammatory pain. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is suggested that OX1r and OX2r in the CA1 region of the hippocampus are involved in stress-induced analgesia in the animal model of persistent inflammatory pain. (bvsalud.org)
  • In order to determine whether the CFC was also implicated in neural impairment in 2VO rats, we examined the theta-gamma coupling between CA3 and CA1 in hippocampus, which were carried out by both phase-phase coupling (phase synchronization) and PAC. (bioinbrief.com)
  • Furthermore, a robust reduction of total and phospho-alpha-CaMKII was found in the hippocampus of rats prenatally exposed to WIN 55,212-2. (researchgate.net)
  • Since amygdala and hippocampus also sits close to each other, which means that there is an inevitable connection between sensory processing system and episodic memory storage (responsible for specific past memory), you may have the ability to remember the smell of a lover's perfume (the what) when you reminisce about your first kiss (the when and where). (emory.edu)
  • NTS neurons that receive input regarding changes in peripheral autonomic or neuroendocrine states convey this information to forebrain structures that have a well established role in memory, such as the Amygdala and Hippocampus, via direct or indirect neural pathways involving the Nucleus Paragigantocellularis (PGi) and the Locus Coeruleus (LC). (theopenscholar.com)
  • The more we learn or practice a behavior skill or ability, the more complex the associated neural pathways grow. (southoccounseling.com)
  • The ability to locate and retrieve food efficiently is an essential survival strategy for rodents and other mammals, and the neural substrates of foraging behavior have been studied extensively using radial-arm maze procedures pioneered by Olton and Samuelson (1976) . (jneurosci.org)
  • Using these pathways, spatial information essential for foraging behavior could be relayed from the hippocampus to the N.Acc. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, the recent discovery of discrete gene expression domains in the mouse hippocampus has provided the opportunity to re-evaluate hippocampal connectivity," write the investigators. (genengnews.com)
  • To integrate mouse hippocampal gene expression and connectivity, we mapped the distribution of distinct gene expression patterns in mouse hippocampus and subiculum to create the Hippocampus Gene Expression Atlas (HGEA). (genengnews.com)
  • While there may also be a relative increase in c-fos activation in the extended-hippocampal system to object recognition in the dark, there was no evidence that this recognition memory problem required an intact hippocampus. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In conclusion, it implied that this phase coupling and CFC of hippocampal theta and gamma played an MK-2894 important role in supporting functions of neural network. (bioinbrief.com)
  • Local field potentials were collected before STP and LTP performed on hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pathway. (bioinbrief.com)
  • An issue was addressed as to whether such a directional index of NIF between cross-frequency bands is able to reveal the variations of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in brain ischemia, combining with the alterations of STP and LTP on CA3-to-CA1 neural pathway. (bioinbrief.com)
  • The excess cortisol of sustained stress degrades hippocampal plasticity (capacity for continuous alteration of neural pathways) and hippocampal dendritic morphology (disconnects neural networks by decreasing the number of apical dendrite branch points). (heartiste.org)
  • Scientists at the University of Southern California (USC) say they have created a map of the hippocampus using fluorescent tracers and 3D animation that show structures, nerve connections, and functions in vivid detail. (genengnews.com)
  • USC scientists have produced the most detailed atlas yet of the hippocampus, its functions, and structures. (genengnews.com)
  • Therefore, considering the common ancestries, similar mechanisms, similar goals, and similar structures between gut microbiota and mitochondria ( Franco-Obregon and Gilbert, 2017 ), is it possible that neural mitochondria are direct targets of intestinal microflora and function as key mediators regulating gut-brain interaction? (frontiersin.org)
  • Brain network aims to study the interaction of various brain regions as a whole, which has an important role to have a deep understanding of brain structures and cognitive neural processes. (researchsquare.com)
  • A disregulated clock system in the hippocampus of epileptic individuals likely also contributes to cognitive and mood impairments because the hippocampus is well connected with many other brain structures, including direct neural pathways to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral oscillators. (databasefootball.com)
  • Orexin neurons from the lateral hypothalamus project to entire brain structures such as the hippocampus. (bvsalud.org)
  • They can also influence the development and organization of neural pathways and networks, and the development of certain brain structures, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala ( Figure 1 ). (precisionary.com)
  • The other main pathway is from the climbing fibers and these project to Purkinje cells and also send collaterals directly to the deep nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent research has emerged suggesting that the birth of new neurons in the adult brain's memory hub, or hippocampus, may play a key role in our reaction to stress and anxiety, and may unlock the keys to how to help those affected by anxiety disorder. (southoccounseling.com)
  • Researchers have identified a neural circuit projecting from a part of the brain's hippocampus that enables rodents and people to inhibit their threat response in the presence of a learned "safety" signal. (bbrfoundation.org)
  • Located deep in the interior of the brain's temporal lobe, at about ear level, the hippocampus regulates emotion, memory and other systems. (stephenspeople.com)
  • Furthermore, ectopically expressed NPAS3 in PC12 cells produced parallel responses for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells [NF-κB (P65)] expression, which specifies that NPAS3 regulates VGF through the NF-κB signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • The amygdalae maintain neural pathways to the hypothalamus, which regulates important biological systems, such as sleep, the menstrual cycle, and circadian rhythm, and they interact with the hippocampus, a key component in memory processing. (workwelldaily.com)
  • mTOR is a type of enzyme that regulates multiple cellular processes such as neural development and long-term modification of synaptic strength. (scienceblog.com)
  • Shorter neural pathways are found within grey matter in the brain, whereas longer projections, made up of myelinated axons, constitute white matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ascending sensory tracts in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway (DCML) carry information from the periphery to the cortex of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first named pathways are evident to the naked eye even in a poorly preserved brain, and were named by the great anatomists of the Renaissance using cadaver material. (wikipedia.org)
  • additional pathways within the brain connect to the visual cortex . (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results define the hippocampus' multiscale network organization and elucidate each subnetwork's unique brain-wide connectivity patterns. (genengnews.com)
  • The work is part of the Mouse Connectome Project, a USC-led effort that collects data about neural connections in the brain and shares it publicly with researchers in more than 100 countries. (genengnews.com)
  • This new visualization traces neural pathways and connections using fluorescent dyes as tracers that reveal cells, neuron junctions, and connections to the rest of the brain. (genengnews.com)
  • Here, we proposed a new perspective of intestinal microbiota - neural mitochondria interaction as a communicating channel from gut to brain, which could help to extend the vision of gut-brain axis regulation and provide additional research directions on treatment and prevention of responsive neurological disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • In recent years, a mass of research has identified that gut microbiota and corresponding bacterial metabolites can target the brain through various pathways, such as nervous conduction (enteric nerve, vagus nerve, etc. (frontiersin.org)
  • This occurs because the brain increasingly builds bridges or neural pathways that deepen as you use them. (ecosalon.com)
  • When we listen to music, various regions of our brain, such as the hippocampus and amygdala, are activated. (fromhungertohope.com)
  • The brain is constantly creating new neural pathways, carrying information from one neuron to the next. (southoccounseling.com)
  • When we learn new things, our brain arranges new neural pathways of association. (southoccounseling.com)
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy works because when we learn new ways to think and develop new coping strategies, our brain is able to create new and improved pathways to address issues which may have caused anxiety in the past. (southoccounseling.com)
  • In the rodents, they revealed a circuit leading from the ventral portion of the hippocampus-a part of the brain in mammals that processes the context associated with anxiety-to the prelimbic cortex. (bbrfoundation.org)
  • Introverts show elevated metabolic activity across multiple brain regions including the anterior cingulate gyrus, caudate, temporal lobes, hippocampus, inferior parietal lobe and the cerebellar vermis IX. (amenclinics.com)
  • Further exploration into mapping the neural pathways that are associated with introversion-extraversion may extrapolate meaningful correlations between these personality dimensions and brain physiology. (amenclinics.com)
  • The brain cells connect into neural pathways that become stronger the more often they get fired. (echotraining.org)
  • Neurogenesis is the birth of new neurons from neural stem or progenitor cells in the brain. (the-nexian.me)
  • The hippocampus is the "flash drive" of the human brain and is often associated with memory consolidation and decision making, but it is far more complex in structure and function than a flash drive. (flytom.biz)
  • The hippocampus originates in the isocortex as part of the fifth limbic lobe of the brain in thecerebral hemisphere'smedial surface. (flytom.biz)
  • The hippocampus itself is a mammalian innovation, while the isocortex as a whole is part of the phylogenetical ancient brain. (flytom.biz)
  • Tau spreads through the human brain via neural communication pathways. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Where we focus our attention channels our cognitive resources, directly activating neural firing in associated areas of the brain. (the-elbowroom.com)
  • MWCNT exposure impaired blood brain barrier integrity, as noted by fluorescein uptake, which was associated with increased gene expression of IL-6 and CCL5 in the cortex and hippocampus. (cdc.gov)
  • At the forefront of sleep and memory research today is the idea that the brain can be exposed to external stimuli during sleep which reactivate and strengthen neural pathways associated with memories made during the day. (greymattersjournal.org)
  • Recording" the memory is the first step in the process of making a memory, and your hippocampus, the part of your brain located close to the brain stem responsible for learning and memory, is highly involved in this [4]. (greymattersjournal.org)
  • In the second step, the brain essentially replays the memory and strengthens the neural pathway that represents the memory, as well as weaving it into the existing memory network [2]. (greymattersjournal.org)
  • In fact, neural circuits connecting the hippocampus to other regions of the brain are considered repositories for the storage of episodic memories, specifically events, their location, and the emotions associated with them. (workwelldaily.com)
  • A group of French researchers at the Brain and Cognition Research Center of the French National Center for Scientific Research, has for the first time recorded neural pathways in the hippocampus that record the sequence of time. (stephenspeople.com)
  • Our brain constantly rewires its neural pathways, as needed . (thehappydancingcompany.com)
  • That conjugation memory will only exist if your brain creates new neural connections to store that information. (allan-ramsay.com)
  • This network collectively detailed how NPAS3 connects with VGF and intersected neural cell proliferation, synaptic activity and psychiatric disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, synaptic plasticity on CA3-CA1 pathway was reduced in line with the decreased CFC strength from CA3 to CA1. (bioinbrief.com)
  • The hippocampus contains parts like the fimbria, crus, body, and column-the fimbria forms where alveus fibers converge along the medial portion of the lateral ventricle's inferior horn. (flytom.biz)
  • The hippocampus, parahippocampal region of the medial temporal lobe, and the neocortical association have been shown through the autopsy and imaging studies to be essential for memory processing. (flytom.biz)
  • The hippocampus is a deep structure hidden between the mesencephalon and the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. (flytom.biz)
  • Cognitive, memory, and mood impairments are the behavioral comorbidities in mTLE, which are typically associated with multiple adverse epileptogenic changes and abnormal plasticity in the hippocampus. (databasefootball.com)
  • BDNF is a protein that promotes "plasticity" which is the creation of new neural pathways and circuits between neurons that are necessary to cement new information into memory -- just as if you are studying French and want to memorize a verb conjugation like Être -- je suis, tu es, il est, nous sommes, vous êtes , ils sont. (allan-ramsay.com)
  • Research into the neural basis of recognition memory has traditionally focused on the remembrance of visual stimuli. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The present study examined the neural basis of object recognition memory in the dark, with a view to determining the extent to which it shares common pathways with visual-based object recognition. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The hippocampus plays a key role in learning and memory, and alterations have been linked to a variety of cognitive pathologies such as anxiety, depression, addiction and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. (the-nexian.me)
  • The hippocampus is also very hyperexcitable, meaning it can sustain weak electrical stimulate into a long, sustained stimulation that helps in encoding memory from olfaction, visual, auditory, and tactile senses. (flytom.biz)
  • The hippocampus is a site for decision-making and committing information to memory for future safety uses. (flytom.biz)
  • Although the entorhinal cortex's role in semantic memory is less prominent than in episodic memory, it still contributes to the organization and consolidation of these memories through its connections with the hippocampus. (verybigbrain.com)
  • Other studies have shown that the hippocampus, which is vital for spatial memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers. (the-elbowroom.com)
  • The importance of the hippocampus to memory consolidation is supported by studies that show that lesions in the hippocampus destroy the ability to form new memories but keep old memories intact [2]. (greymattersjournal.org)
  • During SWS, the hippocampus replays the neuron firing patterns associated with a memory made during the day, and this causes the formation of stable long-term memories [3]. (greymattersjournal.org)
  • The theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling (CFC) in hippocampus was reported to reflect memory process. (bioinbrief.com)
  • The researchers say that understanding how this hippocampus timepiece works will be very helpful in devising treatments and strategies for people who are experiencing memory loss, including as they age. (stephenspeople.com)
  • Administering acute amounts of THC (3 or 10 mg per body weight) to mice, they found modulation of the mTOR/p70S6K signaling cascade in the hippocampus and measurable deficits in long-term memory on an object and context recognition test. (scienceblog.com)
  • The authors explain that CB1R activation by exogenous or endogenous cannabinoids can trigger the activation of the mTOR pathway and protein synthesis in the hippocampus through a glutamatergic mechanism which underly the long-term memory impairment. (scienceblog.com)
  • Mossy fibers project directly to the deep nuclei, but also give rise to the following pathway: mossy fibers → granule cells → parallel fibers → Purkinje cells → deep nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pathway the researchers discovered leading from the ventral hippocampus that can inhibit the response to threat (in the presence of learned safety cues) "diverges from the circuitry involved in extinction learning" that is central in CBT which addresses fear- and stress-related anxiety. (bbrfoundation.org)
  • In humans, the corresponding pathway was similarly engaged, leading from the ventral hippocampus to the dACC, or dorsal portion of the anterior cingulate cortex. (bbrfoundation.org)
  • In such a scenario, inhibitory neurotransmitters or molecules that regulate excitatory neural activity may not have their receptors expressed at the right time, or excitatory signals can reach the hippocampus at lower thresholds. (databasefootball.com)
  • Stress activates multiple neural pathways and neurotransmitters that often suppress pain perception, the phenomenon called stress-induced analgesia (SIA). (bvsalud.org)
  • 8. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: Dopaminengic innervation of the globus pallidus by collaterals from the nigrostriatal pathway. (lu.se)
  • Their hope is that targeting this distinct pathway using safety signals "may provide an effective alternative or means to enhance treatment for individuals for whom the efficacy of exposure-based CBT is otherwise limited. (bbrfoundation.org)
  • These fibers in turn, transmit neural signals to cell groups in the brainstem known as the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (NTS). (theopenscholar.com)
  • Many studies shown that neurological diseases are associated with neural mitochondrial dysfunctions and microbiome composition alterations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent studies have identified neural mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical pathogenic factor for the onset and progress of multiple neurological disorders, in which the non-negligible role of altered gut flora composition was increasingly noticed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tenascin-R mRNA was expressed by distinct neural cell types in the unlesioned olivocerebellar system. (researchgate.net)
  • Puighermanal and her colleagues investigated the possible involvement of the mTOR pathway in the cognitive impairments produced by cannabinoid agonists. (scienceblog.com)
  • Anderson, L. and Caldwell, M.A. (2007) Human neural progenitor cell transplants into the subthalamic nucleus lead to functional recovery in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. (scirp.org)
  • DTI revealed that there is an increase in the connectivity between the sensory pathways. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Thus, in synaesthetes, acitivty in one sensory pathway increases activity in the another, and this cross-talk between sensory modalities produces the synaesthetic experience. (scienceblogs.com)
  • It receives input from various sensory cortices and sends projections to the hippocampus. (verybigbrain.com)
  • Physiological studies in humans and rodents have suggested that there is both structural and functional heterogeneity along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. (genengnews.com)
  • Experiments were performed in rodents and with human subjects, in which the team sought to identify neural pathways that are activated when an individual learns a safety signal. (bbrfoundation.org)
  • A better map is a resource scientists can use to better understand the hippocampus and how its degeneration leads to diseases," says Michael S. Bienkowski, Ph.D., lead author of the study and a researcher at the USC Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics in the Keck School of Medicine of USC. (genengnews.com)
  • Human adult olfactory epithelium contains neural progenitors (hONPs) which replace damaged cellular components throughout life. (scirp.org)
  • In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, exploratory goal-directed locomotion in a novel situation not requiring previously acquired information about the location of food is dependent on serial transmission between the hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens. (jneurosci.org)
  • Researchers have identified a neural circuit that might be targeted to enable inhibition of the threat response in the presence of a learned "safety" signal. (bbrfoundation.org)
  • Experience and repetition are the best methods to create and sustain these pathways. (the-elbowroom.com)
  • citation needed] Note that these names describe the appearance of a structure but give no information on its function, location, etc.[citation needed] Later, as neuroanatomical knowledge became more sophisticated, the trend was toward naming pathways by their origin and termination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Later, as neuroanatomical knowledge became more sophisticated, the trend was toward naming pathways by their origin and termination. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, the combination of music and emotions creates a strong neural pathway, solidifying the association between the song and the memories or emotions it elicits. (fromhungertohope.com)
  • It's as if all our memories were time-stamped in our hippocampus. (stephenspeople.com)
  • A recent study demonstrated that some clock genes display dysregulated oscillations in their expression in the hippocampus of epileptic animals which can enhance the occurrence of seizures at precise time-points by affecting the 24-hour oscillations of molecules that play a role in excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmission. (databasefootball.com)
  • Future studies should further explore the mechanistic pathways and additionally utilize this assay platform for the confirmation of outcomes in occupationally exposed humans. (cdc.gov)