• A new European research project which aims to heal epilepsy by regenerating brain tissue and 'training' neurons is getting underway. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Our study is the first to detail the presence of newborn neurons and an immature version of a related cell type, known as astroglia, in patients with epilepsy," said Michael Bonaguidi, an assistant professor of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, gerontology, and biomedical engineering at USC. (sflorg.com)
  • In mice, KA administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) lead to morphological damage of hippocampus expecially concentrated on the CA3 pyramidal neurons. (koreamed.org)
  • Following kainate (KA)-induced epilepsy, rat hippocampal neurons strongly ex-press immediate early gene (IEG) products, i.e., c-FOS and c-JUN, and neural stress protein, HSP72. (koreamed.org)
  • Hippocampal intrinsic bursting-firing neurons and temporal lobe epilepsy]. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Despite these discrepancies, it is generally believed that the adult human hippocampus continues to generate new neurons. (nature.com)
  • n = 12 surgical resection samples from patients with epilepsy), young neurons were not detected in the dentate gyrus. (nature.com)
  • In the monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) hippocampus, proliferation of neurons in the subgranular zone was found in early postnatal life, but this diminished during juvenile development as neurogenesis decreased. (nature.com)
  • We conclude that recruitment of young neurons to the primate hippocampus decreases rapidly during the first years of life, and that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus does not continue, or is extremely rare, in adult humans. (nature.com)
  • However, these changes are superimposed in individuals with reduced brain volume, especially in the hippocampus, and other developmental abnormalities, such as reduced dendritic arborizations, decreased number of spines, spine atrophy, and abnormalities of spine orientation in pyramidal neurons. (medscape.com)
  • Since the development of epilepsy is a multistep progressive process [12], there may be several mechanisms in addition to the neuronal excitability and hypersynchronization associated with the paroxysmal event that are susceptible to pharmacologic intervention. (jle.com)
  • This study investigated calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activity related to long-standing neuronal injury of the hippocampus in kainate (KA)-induced experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. (koreamed.org)
  • Sequencing as well as functional studies using antisense oligonucleotides, indicate important roles for microRNAs during the development of epilepsy through targeting transcripts involved in neuronal structure, gliosis and inflammation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Idiopathic generalised epilepsy: a pilot study of memory and neuronal dysfunction in the temporal lobes, assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • We have developed a gene therapy that builds on a mechanistic understanding of altered neuronal and circuit excitability in cortical epilepsy. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Changes in the subunit stoichiometry of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) alters its channel properties, and may enhance or reduce neuronal excitability in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. (tau.ac.il)
  • Pérdida neuronal en las regiones del hipocampo CA1 y CA4 y, menos intensamente, CA2 y CA3. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inactivating this nerve-cell population also induces the same cognitive losses that characterize chronic, drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy in humans, the scientists found. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Temporal lobe epilepsy causes significant cognitive deficits in both humans and rodents, yet the specific circuit mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unknown. (yale.edu)
  • There are profound and selective interneuron death and axonal reorganization within the hippocampus of both humans and animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy. (yale.edu)
  • In laboratory studies of animals and humans, the hippocampus has been shown to also have a cellular memory termed "long-term potentiation. (medscape.com)
  • A recent study demonstrated that some clock genes display dysregulated oscillations in their expression in the hippocampus of epileptic animals which can enhance the occurrence of seizures at precise time-points by affecting the 24-hour oscillations of molecules that play a role in excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmission. (databasefootball.com)
  • A disregulated clock system in the hippocampus of epileptic individuals likely also contributes to cognitive and mood impairments because the hippocampus is well connected with many other brain structures, including direct neural pathways to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral oscillators. (databasefootball.com)
  • It has also been known for a long time that following transient severe brain injury and prior to an initial spontaneous epileptic seizure, the concentration of free zinc ions increases in the hippocampus. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Epileptic patients undergo symptomatic pharmacolog-ical treatments, however, in 30% of cases, they are ineffective, mostly in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. (lu.se)
  • Epilepsy is defined as a brain disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures and by the neurobiologic, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition. (medscape.com)
  • And it points to an entirely new entry point for developing drugs that could bring therapeutic relief to people with chronic, drug-resistant epilepsy, a debilitating condition that not only circumscribes patients' lifestyles and occupational options but predisposes them to depression, anxiety and early death. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We review the available evidence for the use of neurostimulation to treat pediatric epilepsy, including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation (CSCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). (mdpi.com)
  • This may be improved by performing drug screens in animal models of chronic epilepsy. (jle.com)
  • About 3 out of 10 people with epilepsy have structural changes in the brain that cause chronic seizures. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • These findings indicate that chronic temporal lobe seizures are associated with differential changes in hippocampal NR1 and NR2A-D hybridization densities that vary by subfield and clinical-pathological category. (tau.ac.il)
  • We generated GABAergic interneuron precursors from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and grafted them in the hippocampi of rats developing chronic SRSs after kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus. (lu.se)
  • BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain and it is characterized by seizures. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cognitive, memory, and mood impairments are the behavioral comorbidities in mTLE, which are typically associated with multiple adverse epileptogenic changes and abnormal plasticity in the hippocampus. (databasefootball.com)
  • Drug resistance is particularly common with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, or MTLE, and affects one-third of all patients with this form of the disease. (sflorg.com)
  • our results suggest that complex mdr expression changes not only in the hippocampus but in the gph may play a role in aed pharmacoresistance in intractable epilepsy patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mtle) by altering the permeability of aeds across the blood-brain barrier (bbb). (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • PURPOSE: Multiple modalities are used in determining laterality in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). (henryford.com)
  • METHODS AND MATERIALS: The volumes, means and standard deviations of FLAIR intensity and means of normalized ictal-interictal SPECT intensity of the left and right hippocampi were extracted from preoperative images of a retrospective cohort of 45 mTLE patients with Engel class I surgical outcomes, as well as images of a cohort of 20 control, nonepileptic subjects. (henryford.com)
  • Given these observations, insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for the subclass-specific vulnerability of interneurons to SE-induced cell death may provide a deeper understanding of temporal lobe epileptogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • RNA sequencing analysis of the hippocampus during the period of epileptogenesis revealed a specific suppression of inflammatory signalling in the hippocampus of miR-22-deficient mice. (researchsquare.com)
  • Gene therapy represents a promising alternative, but treating epilepsy in this way involves irreversible changes to brain tissue, so vector design must be carefully optimized to guarantee safety without compromising efficacy. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • We set out to develop an epilepsy gene therapy vector optimized for clinical translation. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • This demonstration of efficacy in a clinically relevant setting, combined with the improved safety conferred by cell type-specific expression and integration-deficient delivery, identify EKC gene therapy as ready for clinical translation in the treatment of refractory focal epilepsy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPharmacoresistant epilepsy affects up to 0.3% of the population. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Beach is a Professor of Neurology and the director of the Comprehensive Epilepsy Program. (rfsuny.org)
  • This makes it possible to examine the processes which take place during the development of epilepsy in a living animal. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures originating in the hippocampus and with sprouting of mossy fiber axons that contribute to new recurrent synaptic excitability in the dentate gyrus (DG). (bioworld.com)
  • A person with this condition can develop a form of temporal lobe epilepsy with partial (focal) seizures that can spread and affect other areas of the brain. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Past studies of continuous electroencephalography (EEG)-the measurement and recording of electrical activity in different parts of the brain-have suggested that seizures in people with focal-onset epilepsies tend to occur during periods of heightened risk, represented by pathologic brain activities known as "pro-ictal states. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Refractory focal epilepsy is a devastating disease for which there is frequently no effective treatment. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled pre-clinical trial, the EKC lentivector robustly reduced seizure frequency in a male rat model of focal neocortical epilepsy characterized by discrete spontaneous seizures. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • A randomized, blinded pre-clinical study demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness in a rodent model of focal neocortical epilepsy. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • HERMES researchers will study temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of epilepsy, which can be resistant to current pharmacological therapies. (gla.ac.uk)
  • These findings are significant because they suggest that we may be able to develop more effective therapies for epilepsy, which could greatly improve the quality of life for patients who suffer from this condition. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Until this day there is no cure for epilepsy, the therapies available only treat symptoms and come with severe side effects. (lu.se)
  • Development and preclinical assessment of novel therapies for Epilepsy. (lu.se)
  • He also noticed that in the more than 25 patients he examined with aphasia , they all had lesions to the left frontal lobe but there was no damage to the right hemisphere of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The involvement of neocortex and other extra-hippocampal structures in temporal lobe lesions were of crucial importance for the suppression of contralateral (right) ear responses. (hu-berlin.de)
  • We adopt this approach to answer following questions: Which structures within a pattern of dynamic epilepsy-associated brain anatomy reorganization best predict TLE pathology. (mpg.de)
  • [ 2 ] In addition, the ILAE Commission on Neuroimaging recommends an epilepsy protocol MRI in all patients with intractable epilepsy. (medscape.com)
  • The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) guidelines for neuroimaging in patients with epilepsy (1997) recommends a dedicated epilepsy protocol MRI for all patients with a new-onset seizure or newly diagnosed epilepsy in a nonemergent setting. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, discerning how the circadian system and seizures influence each other is of great interest in understanding not only the pathophysiological features of epilepsy but also for developing new therapeutic strategies. (databasefootball.com)
  • While Pati believes that modulation of these brain regions during pro-ictal periods may be an effective therapeutic approach to the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy, his theory still needs to be tested in clinical trials. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • hence, ideal therapeutic interventions ought to be efficient for restraining these detrimental changes in order to block the propensity of most hippocampal injuries to evolve into learning deficits, memory dysfunction, depression, and temporal lobe epilepsy . (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • In order to understand the mechanisms behind the seizures we study this type of epilepsy with the aim to develop new therapeutic strategies specially adapted for children. (lu.se)
  • and (5) for the first time in the Jasper's series describes the current efforts to translate the discoveries in epilepsy disease mechanisms into new therapeutic strategies. (nih.gov)
  • There is an ever growing interest in improvement of treatment outcomes in epilepsy and also in the development of newer therapeutic options, especially in the population of patients that do not attain seizure relief from available antiseizure medications (ASMs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Prolonged or repeated seizures are damaging to the brain and can establish lasting states of hyperexcitability that produce recurrent spontaneous seizures (epilepsy) [ 1 , 2 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • By increasing the excitation/inhibition balance, MC-GC LTP enhances GC output at the associative MC-GC recurrent circuit and may contribute to dentate-dependent forms of learning and epilepsy. (nih.gov)
  • To date, epilepsy affects 50 million people worldwide, 8 million of whom live in Europe. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Temporal lobe epilepsy affects areas of the brain that are involved in learning, memory and emotions, such as the hippocampus. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Epilepsy affects 65 million people worldwide, with 150,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States alone. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Surprisingly, although these circuits have been implicated in both memory formation (e.g., pattern separation) and temporal lobe epilepsy, little is known about activity-dependent plasticity of their synaptic connections. (nih.gov)
  • In the hippocampus, for example, GABAergic interneurons appear to be critically involved in the initiation and maintenance of theta rhythms, as well as gamma, sharp wave, and fast oscillations (for review, see Freund and Buzsáki, 1996 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, a robust reduction of total and phospho-alpha-CaMKII was found in the hippocampus of rats prenatally exposed to WIN 55,212-2. (researchgate.net)
  • After taking a surgical apprenticeship under Harvey Cushing, he obtained a position at the Neurological Institute of New York, where he carried out his first solo operations to treat epilepsy. (wikipedia.org)
  • While in New York, he met David Rockefeller, who wished to endow an institute where Penfield could further study the surgical treatment of epilepsy. (wikipedia.org)
  • This has had a dramatic clinical impact on the evaluation and management of epilepsy, because MRI findings can assist with classification, determine prognosis for remission, predict long-term intractability to antiepileptic medications, and identify potential surgical candidates. (medscape.com)
  • Catie Chang, assistant professor of computer science, electrical engineering, computer engineering and biomedical engineering, and Dario Englot, VUMC surgical director of epilepsy and assistant professor of neurological surgery, electrical engineering, radiology and radiological sciences and biomedical engineering, will study disturbances in brain networks related to attention lapses and cognitive deficits in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • They hope understanding these brain network problems may lead to new surgical or behavioral interventions to improve the quality of life for epilepsy patients. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • A paired-pulse protocol was used to investigate differences in synaptic inhibition between septa] and temporal poles of the hippocampus. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Epilepsy , the most common neurological disorder after stroke, is often medically intractable. (databasefootball.com)
  • Surgery is a common treatment for many patients with epilepsy. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic diseases, and about half of patients with epilepsy cannot get full control with medication," explains Dr. Beach. (rfsuny.org)
  • Being one of the most common neurological diseases, epilepsy affect 60 million people worldwide. (lu.se)
  • Hippocampal injury-induced cognitive and mood dysfunction, altered neurogenesis, and epilepsy: can early neural stem cell grafting intervention provide protection? (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • In contrast, inactivating these cells, known to neuroscientists as mossy cells, facilitates the spread throughout the brain of the electrical hyperactivity initially localized at a seizure's onset, causing the full-blown behavioral symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Current anatomic targets include the trigeminal nerve (for facial pain syndromes), the thalamus (for tremor or pain), the cingulate gyrus or anterior internal capsule (for pain or behavioral illness), the hypothalamus (for cancer pain and perhaps for eating disorders), and the hippocampus or other brain targets (for epilepsy). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Dr Heidari said: "We're thrilled to be part of this innovative project, which has the potential to truly change the lives of people living with disabling brain disorders like epilepsy. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Conventional MRI is inadequate for patients with epilepsy, since many of the findings are subtle and easily missed. (medscape.com)
  • Our findings furnish surprising new insights into how immature astroglia might contribute to epilepsy-opening an unexplored avenue toward the development of new anti-seizure medications for millions of people. (sflorg.com)
  • In temporal lobe epilepsy patients, these findings support the hypothesis that in dentate granule cells NMDA receptors are increased, and excitatory postsynaptic potentials should be strongly NMDA mediated compared with nonseizure autopsies. (tau.ac.il)
  • As a result, some patients need to undergo surgery to remove the section of the brain, the hippocampus, that causes their seizures. (sflorg.com)
  • Right now, researchers across the country are undertaking a groundbreaking clinical trial with the potential to help epilepsy patients without highly invasive and destructive brain surgery. (rfsuny.org)
  • Although epilepsy surgery can be effective it is limited by risks to normal brain function. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Separately, a team led by Victoria Morgan, associate professor of biomedical engineering and radiology and radiological sciences, has received $5 million in NIH grants to develop early biomarkers of treatment outcomes for patients with temporal lobe epilepsy based on their individual brain networks. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • This is an atlas set that can be used with ASHS-FAST VERSION 2.0 (July 2018) OR LATER software to perform automatic segmentation of medial temporal lobe substructures in 3 Tesla T1-weighted MRI (MPRAGE) scans explicitly accounting for the dura mater (which has similar intensity as gray matter in T1-weighted MRI that could confound automatic segmentation). (nitrc.org)
  • At the American Epilepsy Society meeting this week, Longboard Pharmaceuticals Inc. presented data on their 5-HT2C receptor superagonist LP-352 for the treatment of epilepsy. (bioworld.com)
  • For this reason, current drug treatment options for epilepsy predominantly combat ictogenesis, or the initiation of paroxysmal activity [3]. (jle.com)
  • The first patient received this experimental treatment here at Upstate in June 2022 , and the initial results provide hope that this new therapy could dramatically improve the lives of those living with epilepsy. (rfsuny.org)
  • The scientists hope that new treatment options will open up for epilepsy patients as a result of their discovery. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • In a foreword written for the second edition of Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, published in 1983, Jasper reminded us that the original and ultimate goal of the Public Health Service committee was to search for a "better understanding of the epilepsies and seek more rational methods of their prevention and treatment. (nih.gov)