Hippocampal place cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In contrast, the firing patterns of 14 of 22 cells changed dramatically when the rats were put into the darkened chamber. (jneurosci.org)
We recorded hippocampal and entorhinal cortical activity as rats experienced backward travel on a model train. (nih.gov)
Putting electrodes into rats' brains as they explore their environment has shown that different places are recorded and remembered by different combinations of hippocampal neurons firing together. (newscientist.com)
Crucially, these same cells had fired while the rats were asleep - unlike those that encoded the route to the other arm. (newscientist.com)
To address these issues, we use multi-electrode arrays to record the extracellular action potentials from scores of well-isolated hippocampal neurons in freely moving rats. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Neonatal Isoflurane Exposure in Rats Impairs Short-Term Memory, Cell Viability, and Glutamate Uptake in Slices of the Frontal Cerebral Cortex, But Not the Hippocampus, in Adulthood. (iasp-pain.org)
In adult rats, behavioral parameters related to anxiety-like behavior, short-term memory, and locomotor activity (PND60-62) and ex vivo analysis of cell viability, membrane permeability, glutamate uptake, and susceptibility to in vitro glutamate challenge in hippocampal and cortical slices from PND65. (iasp-pain.org)
A single isoflurane (3%, 2 h) exposure at PND7 did not acutely alter cell viability in cortical and hippocampal slices of infant rats (PND8) per se and did not alter slice susceptibility to in vitro glutamate challenge. (iasp-pain.org)
In the current study, cephalotocin significantly reduced both the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) recorded from not only cultured neuronal cells from postnatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats but also hippocampal slices from 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. (bvsalud.org)
1997. Congener-specific effects of maternal PCB exposure on functional plasticity in cortical and hippocampal slices of rats. (cdc.gov)

Intelligent behavior and cognitive functions in mammals depend on cortical microcircuits made up of a variety of excitatory and inhibitory cells that form a forest-like complex across six layers. (elifesciences.org)
Ex vivo analysis of brain slices showed isoflurane neonatal exposure selectively decreased cell viability and glutamate uptake in cortical slices, but it did not alter hippocampal slice viability or glutamate uptake (PND65). (iasp-pain.org)
Isoflurane exposure did not alter in vitro glutamate-induced neurotoxicity to slices, and isoflurane exposure caused no significant long-term damage to cell membranes in hippocampal or cortical slices. (iasp-pain.org)
however, it reduced cortical, but not hippocampal, slice viability and glutamate uptake in the adulthood. (iasp-pain.org)

Ding L, Balsamo G, Chen H, Blanco-Hernandez E, Zouridis IS, Naumann R, Preston-Ferrer P*, Burgalossi A*. Juxtacellular opto-tagging of hippocampal CA1 neurons in freely moving mice. (uni-tuebingen.de)

A ) We construct a firing sequence of 19 simulated place cells that exhibits three different movement dynamics. (elifesciences.org)
The model simulates place cells/fields and explores the place cell dynamics as function of VIP+ interneurons. (yale.edu)

New research suggests that the brain doesn't store all memories in 'place cells,' the main type of neuron in the hippocampus, a structure crucial for navigation and memory. (sciencedaily.com)
The hippocampus is well-known as the domain of place cells, whose discovery and function as mental maps of space was recognized with the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
On the other hand, as a hotspot for memory research, the hippocampus is proposed as the physical location for memories of experiences, stored in engram cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Research in the James Knierim Laboratory attempts to understand the flow of information through the hippocampal formation and the computations performed by the various subfields of the hippocampus and its inputs from the entorhinal cortex. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Together, these cells, which are located in and around a deep brain structure called the hippocampus, appear to encode an animal's current location within its environment by tracking the distance and direction of its movements. (weizmann-usa.org)
Neuroscience studies have shown that some cells in the hippocampus represent an animal's position in space, linking it to past events or specific contexts. (medicalxpress.com)
Especially inhibitory neurons of the hippocampus, called GABAergic interneurons, show a great diversity in what inputs they integrate and how they target the principal cells of the hippocampus, the excitatory pyramidal neurons that transmit memories to other brain areas. (medicalxpress.com)
We recorded with silicon probes the activity of hippocampal neurons of the intermediate CA1 hippocampus, a subdomain of the hippocampus that has been hypothesized to be particularly important for the integration of sensory inputs. (medicalxpress.com)
Years later, another hippocampus-centered revolution transpired and earned its pioneers a Nobel Prize: the discoveries, decades apart, of two types of cells, which made it clear that the hippocampal region's fundamental functions included not just memory but also navigation and the representation of two-dimensional spaces. (getpocket.com)
At the very least, the hippocampus seemed like a promising place to start looking for hints of such maps. (getpocket.com)

Hippocampal cell assemblies coding for past, present and future events form theta-timescale (~100 ms) sequences that represent spatio-temporal episodes. (nih.gov)

In PND8, ex vivo analysis of hippocampal and frontal cortex slices evaluated cell viability and susceptibility to in vitro glutamate challenge. (iasp-pain.org)

A new study suggests grid cells are involved in a broader range of cognitive processes than previously thought. (neurosciencenews.com)
Researchers report the firing patterns of grid cells are less stable in older adults. (neurosciencenews.com)
Another type - grid cells - activate periodically as an animal moves around. (weizmann-usa.org)

Thus, hippocampal cell assemblies coordinated their relative timing to correctly predict the sequential traversal of place fields in reverse order. (nih.gov)
Could electrical coupling contribute to the formation of cell assemblies? (degruyter.com)
Cell assemblies and central pattern generators (CPGs) are related types of neuronal networks: both consist of interacting groups of neurons whose collective activities lead to defined functional outputs. (degruyter.com)
We here argue that electrical coupling - in addition to chemical synapses - may therefore contribute to the formation of at least some cell assemblies in adult animals. (degruyter.com)
Even now, however, cell assemblies are difficult or impossible to isolate physically, in contrast to at least some CPGs. (degruyter.com)
First is to argue that cell assemblies and CPGs form parts of a single conceptual spectrum, which we denote as 'functional networks' - recognizing that CPG outputs repeat stereotypically over time, while cell assembly behavior may be less repetitive, more flexible, and prone to modification. (degruyter.com)

Changing the angular separation between two visual stimuli attached to the wall of a recording cylinder causes the firing fields of place cells to move relative to each other, as though the representation of the floor undergoes a topological distortion. (nyu.edu)
We conclude that the vector-field formalism reflects the organization of the place-cell representation of the environment for the current case, and through suitable modification may be very useful for describing motions of firing patterns induced by a wide variety of stimulus manipulations. (nyu.edu)
Place cells and place representation maintained by direct entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry. (oslomet.no)
Place cells thus constitute a tremendous opportunity to investigate the mechanisms by which the brain transforms sensory input into an internal, cognitive representation of the world and then uses this representation as the framework that organizes and stores memories of past events. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Our findings propose that the transformer architecture and hippocampal spatial representation resemble by sharing the overlapping concept of NMDAR nonlinearity. (nips.cc)
For example, the hippocampal place cell representation of location was previously found to respond continuously to changes in environmental shape alone. (zotero.org)

Experience alters hippocampal activity and anatomy. (sciencedaily.com)
Ethanol alters spatial processing of hippocampal place cells: A mechanism for impaired navigation when intoxicated. (bvsalud.org)

Hippocampal "place cells" fire when a freely moving rat is in a given location. (jneurosci.org)
Earlier work, performed in freely moving rodents, revealed that neurons called place cells fire when an animal is in a specific location. (weizmann-usa.org)

Place cell activity was already well established when the first study explored this phenomenon in 1989. (wikipedia.org)
Kesner, 1989 ), suggesting that the PL is involved in the planning of motor response strategies to ensure that food is located efficiently. (jneurosci.org)

When the mice were placed in a second, different cage, the engram cells remained inactive -- they were already 'occupied' with the previous memory. (sciencedaily.com)
The scientists simply compared older mice's performance on standard laboratory tests of spatial memory after these mice had received infusions of plasma (the cell-free part of blood) from young versus old mice, or no plasma at all. (sciencedaily.com)
Previous experiments by Wyss-Coray, Villeda and their colleagues, described in a paper published in 2011 in Nature , had revealed that key regions in the brains of old mice exposed to blood from young mice produced more new nerve cells than did the brains of old mice similarly exposed to blood from old mice. (sciencedaily.com)
Conversely, exposing young mice to blood from old mice had the opposite effect with respect to new nerve-cell production, and also reduced the young mice's ability to navigate their environments. (sciencedaily.com)
When the investigators compared hippocampi from old mice whose circulatory systems had been conjoined with those of young mice to hippocampi from old mice that had been paired with other old mice, they found consistent differences in a number of biochemical, anatomical and electrophysiological measures known to be important to nerve-cell circuits' encoding of new experiences for retention in the cerebral cortex. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers at Medical University of Vienna recently set out to examine the activity of different hippocampal interneurons as mice were completing an odor-driven spatial navigation task. (medicalxpress.com)
They then used these visualizations to reconstruct dendrites and axons allowing them to identify the cell type of the recorded cells and better understand the activity of these distinct types of interneurons while the mice were completing the spatial navigation task. (medicalxpress.com)

2016). Increased fronto-hippocampal connectivity in the Prrxl1 knockout mouse model of congenital hypoalgesia . (up.pt)

During sleep or awake rest, replay refers to the re-occurrence of a sequence of cell activations that also occurred during activity, but the replay has a much faster time scale. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, the cells that exhibit this behavior are place cells, characterized by reliably increasing their activity when the animal is in a certain location in space. (wikipedia.org)
They showed that neural activity of single place cells during sleep resembled the activity during the awake state. (wikipedia.org)
This activity was greater than that of other cells and this study was only the first step towards understanding replay. (wikipedia.org)
Subsequent studies showed that large groups of cells also demonstrated this type of increased activity during sleep. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, it was discovered that the order of activity of place cells was also replicated during sleep. (wikipedia.org)
In the sleep state, the ripple events and place cell activity similar to that of the activity in the environment define the replay events. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis of the activity across a large number of cells revealed that, while most place cells kept the same spatial map during both the initial and later visit to the cage, the engram cells had uncorrelated activity between the two time points. (sciencedaily.com)
The only exception was very early during both visits when the cells' activity was similar, which is what you would expect if they are involved in recall of the context. (sciencedaily.com)
In fact, the researchers were able to tell the first and second environments apart, just by comparing the activity of these cells. (sciencedaily.com)
We review methods for targeting the expression of light-activatable molecules to specific cell types, under genetic, viral or activity-dependent control. (nature.com)
Nuclear extracts were prepared from MCF-7 cells and the activity of HDACs were measured using different amounts of the extract. (abcam.com)
has been established as a powerful method to examine the causal relationship between the specific cell type and the network activity, cognitive functions or animal behavior ( Deisseroth, 2015 ). (elifesciences.org)
Brain areas devoted to song production in the songbird brain exhibit spontaneous song-like activity during sleep, but single cell neural recordings did not permit detection of the specific song patterns. (peerj.com)
The researchers recorded the activity of a total of 309 hippocampal neurons with a wireless electrode array. (weizmann-usa.org)
While parvalbumin (PV) basket cells increased in general their activity during VR spatial navigation cholecystokinin (CCK) cells decreased their activity. (medicalxpress.com)
During working memory parts of the corridor PV basket cells decreased their activity, during reward CCK cells increased their activity. (medicalxpress.com)
We show that principal neurons in this region are activated as virtual place cells in specific locations of the VR environment or are activated by sensory cues and reward and furthermore that the activity of some neurons relates to memory content depending on learned associations. (medicalxpress.com)
Diamantaki M, Frey M, Berens P, Preston-Ferrer P*, Burgalossi A* Sparse activity of identified dentate granule cells during spatial exploration. (uni-tuebingen.de)
Here we use light-sheet microscopy to record activity, reported through the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G, from the entire volume of the brain of the larval zebrafish in vivo at 0.8 Hz, capturing more than 80% of all neurons at single-cell resolution. (zotero.org)
The present results provide evidence that the effects of cephalotocin on the activity of hippocampal neurons are related to ameliorating stress, suggesting that cephalotocin may be developed as an anti-stress biomodulator that functions by affecting the brain. (bvsalud.org)
1999. Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: Greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. (cdc.gov)

During SWS the place cells fire in a sequential order indicating replay and possibly indicate memory consolidation. (wikipedia.org)
As mentioned above, the sequential activation of hippocampal place cells according to their place fields may occur during rest periods before the animal is actually traversing the activated path, even if the animal has never experienced it before. (wikipedia.org)

However, recent data have emphasized a role for other neural structures, such as the prelimbic (PL) region of the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (N.Acc. (jneurosci.org)
Tenascin-R mRNA was expressed by distinct neural cell types in the unlesioned olivocerebellar system. (researchgate.net)
Earlier, neuroscientists had found that the mammalian brain contains at least three different cell types, which cooperate to encode neural representations of an animal's location and movements. (weizmann-usa.org)
New research now points to the existence of two more types of brain cells involved in spatial navigation - and suggests previously unrecognized neural mechanisms underlying the way mammals make their way about the world. (weizmann-usa.org)
Reconstructed neural process of parvalbumin expressing and cholecystokinin expressing basket cells with dendrites colored in red and reconstructed axons in blue. (medicalxpress.com)

To investigate whether tenascin-C and tenascin-R may play important functional roles in the lesioned central nervous system, we have analysed their expression in the olivocerebellar system of the adult rat after 3-acetylpyridine-induced degeneration of nerve cells in the inferior olivary nucleus. (researchgate.net)

Evidence for a possible association of neurotrophin receptor (NTRK-3) gene polymorphisms with hippocampal function and schizophrenia. (oslomet.no)

Weaver IC, Meaney MJ, Szyf M. Maternal care effects on the hippocampal transcriptome and anxiety-mediated behaviors in the offspring that are reversible in adulthood. (who.int)

This suggests that hippocampal activation during rest may have a function not only in memory consolidation and retrieval, but also in planning: it contributes to the organization of the network for improving the encoding of future events. (wikipedia.org)

Neuroscientist Hugo Spiers, who studies the cellular basis of spatial navigation at University College London, said the findings are "hugely important" - but he does not think goal-direction neurons are a new cell type. (weizmann-usa.org)
Oxidant damage to cellular DNA, proteins (including the epigenome), and lipids can occur when reactive oxygen species escape cell antioxidant and repair mechanisms. (who.int)

A lack of adaptability in hippocampal place cells could be key to memory deficits in schizophrenia, researchers report. (neurosciencenews.com)

The direct pathway from entorhinal cortex to CA1 is sufficient for place field formatioin in CA . Federation of European Neuroscience. (oslomet.no)

The firing patterns of 24 of 28 cells were unaffected by darkness when it was preceded by a light period. (jneurosci.org)

The researchers used optogenetic methods to identify the cells that were active during that time and therefore contributed to the memory. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers propose that engram cells may not store memories per se but to act as an index that ties memory-relevant details together, wherever else in the brain those may be. (sciencedaily.com)
This time, the researchers checked both for changes within nerve circuits and individual nerve cells and for demonstrable improvements in learning and memory. (sciencedaily.com)
But the researchers also identified 58 cells that fired only when the bats were flying directly toward the landing site. (weizmann-usa.org)
The first of these came in 1971, when researchers uncovered "place cells," which essentially fire to indicate one's current location. (getpocket.com)

In light of a recent study that compared the transformer architecture to the formation of hippocampal memory, this paper presents new findings that NMDAR-like nonlinearity may be essential for consolidating short-term working memory into long-term reference memory. (nips.cc)

Following treatment with copper sulfate and DPA, GBM cells showed inhibition of proliferation and suppression of EMT properties, including reduced expression levels of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Zeb, which are cell markers associated with EMT. (bvsalud.org)

In a replay instance, the cells are activated as if in response to the same spatial path, but at a much faster rate than the animal actually moved in. (wikipedia.org)
However, during REM sleep where dreams occur in humans, replay events also occurred suggesting a possible role for place cells in dreams. (wikipedia.org)
Sensory stimuli can induce replay events or enhance the replay: in the awake state, replay often begins from the current location and continue either forward or backward in time, and nearby locations are more likely to be the place fields of neurons exhibiting replay than far away locations. (wikipedia.org)

Brain image reveals hippocampal atrophy, especially on the right side. (medscape.com)

The results are discussed in terms of mnemonic properties of hippocampal cells and "remapping" of place cell representations. (jneurosci.org)
Spatial Representations of Granule Cells and Mossy Cells of the Dentate Gyrus. (uni-tuebingen.de)
We report that exposure to novel square and circular environments made of different materials creates attractor representations for both shapes: Place cells abruptly and simultaneously switch between representations as environmental shape changes incrementally. (zotero.org)
We conclude that slowness alone cannot explain the filter shapes of complex cells and discuss what kind of experimental measurements could help us to better asses the role of slowness and sparsity for complex cell representations. (zotero.org)

The instability of the spatial information signaled by engram cells compared with the majority of place cells indicates that they deal with the 'big picture', the macro scale of a context and not a specific location therein. (sciencedaily.com)

When electrodes stimulated brain areas that signal reward as the animals dreamed about a certain place, they were more likely to go to that spot when awake. (newscientist.com)
Siri Has Nothing on Us: How Do Brain Cells Tell Us Where We're Going? (weizmann-usa.org)
Unlike normal brain cells, GBM cells exhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a crucial biological process in embryonic development and cell metastasis, and are highly invasive. (bvsalud.org)

We have discovered a totally new kind of neuron, which we are calling 'goal-direction cells'," said Nachum Ulanovsky, senior author of the study, published this week in the journal Science. (weizmann-usa.org)

Both molecules support neurite outgrowth from several neuronal cell types when presented as uniform substrates. (researchgate.net)

Cell Reports 2022 Apr 12, doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110684. (uni-tuebingen.de)

These neurons, or ""place cells,"" are selectively active when the rat occupies restricted locations in its environment and help to form a cognitive map of the environment. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
establish mechanisms of action by studying the effects of the same chemicals in experimental animals and on human cells in vitro, allowing for a better prediction of human carcinogenicity and assessment of carcinogenic mechanisms. (who.int)

Neurotransmitter receptors on postsynaptic cells change to match the identity of the newly expressed neurotransmitter. (deepdyve.com)
By measuring the intracellular Ca2+ or cyclic AMP increase in each OXT/AVP receptor subtype-overexpressing cell, we found that CPT, but not OTP, acts as a selective agonist of human AVP type 1b and 2 receptors. (bvsalud.org)

During navigation, the place cells fire in a sequence according to the path of the animal. (wikipedia.org)
Although the firing fields of place cells remained stable, the order in which they were activated in the theta sequence was reversed during backward travel. (nih.gov)
For next 190 ms, the cells fire in sequence, representing a rapid continuous trajectory along the virtual track. (elifesciences.org)
For the last 30 ms, cells fire randomly, out of spatial order, representing an fragmented spatial sequence. (elifesciences.org)

The assumption is that memory engrams are just place cells, but McHugh's group think they have an alternative explanation. (sciencedaily.com)
The engram cells are only active for the memory of the context itself, not to specific locations, while place cells on the other hand are active during exploration, creating and updating a spatial map. (sciencedaily.com)
Our experimental data suggest that the concept of place cells and reference memory may reside in the feed-forward network and that nonlinearity plays a key role in these processes. (nips.cc)
Modern memory contest champions still use that technique to "place" long lists of numbers, names and other pieces of information. (getpocket.com)

These results show that place cells can fire differently in identical cue situations and that the best predictor of firing pattern is a combination of current cues and the rat's recent experience. (jneurosci.org)

The protocol is fast and easy-to-use, and isolates very abundant yields of nuclear extract from mammalian cells or tissue samples. (abcam.com)

At the single-cell level, theta phase represented distance traveled through the field, even though the head of the rat was oriented opposite to travel direction and entorhinal head-direction cells maintained their preferred firing direction. (nih.gov)
Finally, head direction cells fire when a mouse or rat moves in a particular direction. (weizmann-usa.org)

We know what these cells do when they're activated, but what do they represent and how do they function? (sciencedaily.com)

Cell Reports, Available online 14 November 2023. (lu.se)

In one example, we demonstrate that place cell firing fields undergo distortions of shape after the card separation is changed, as though different parts of the same field are affected by the stimulus constellation in the same fashion as fields at different locations. (nyu.edu)
These cells represented only a fraction of hippocampal place cells and had larger place fields -- the corresponding real-world area that gets the cell excited when the mouse is exploring. (sciencedaily.com)
B ) Like the standard decoder, the state space model uses estimates of cells' place fields from when the animal is moving and combines them with the observed spikes in ( A ) to compute the likelihood of position for each time step. (elifesciences.org)

Learning Spatiotemporal Properties of Hippocampal Place Cells. (edu.au)
CPGs may contain as few as 10 or so cells and in some invertebrate preparations can be physically isolated from the rest of the animal - while still retaining many of their network properties. (degruyter.com)
Various models have been proposed to explain the response properties of complex cells using a sparsity or a slowness criterion and it has been concluded that physiologically plausible receptive field properties can be derived from either criterion. (zotero.org)

Electrical coupling is also known to be important in the development of hippocampal and neocortical principal cell networks. (degruyter.com)

Figure 3: Targeting optogene expression using single-cell electroporation. (nature.com)

When the rat was put in a different cage or room, these place cells "remapped," encoding different local positions. (getpocket.com)

Biophysical model of CA1 hippocampal region. (yale.edu)
We propose a new computational model for recurrent contour processing in which normalized activities of orientation selective contrast cells are fed forward to the next processing stage. (zotero.org)

Instead, memories seem to be powered by a subset of hippocampal cells that have little to do with location and more with context or episodes. (sciencedaily.com)
For the first 60 ms, one cell fires repeatedly, representing one stationary location. (elifesciences.org)
These "place cells" fire not only when a rat is in a certain location, but also when it sleeps, as if it is dreaming about where it has been in the past. (newscientist.com)

The new cells, it turns out, continued to fire when the landing site was hidden from the bats' view by a curtain. (weizmann-usa.org)

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