Hippocampal neurons synaptic membrane. Medical search. Frequent questions

He concludes that the ultrafast mechanism is not a kiss-and-run model and the slow mechanism does not operate at the plasma membrane, as the clathrin model is thought to. (eurekalert.org)
It is a phospholipid that resides on the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Golachowska, M. R., Hoekstra, D. & van IJzendoorn, S. C. Recycling endosomes in apical plasma membrane domain formation and epithelial cell polarity. (nature.com)
The exocyst, like SNARE complexes, may be needed for all fusions at the plasma membrane both in developing and mature neurons, or it may be required only for particular forms of traffic (Murthy, 2003 and references therein). (sdbonline.org)
In some cases, the exocytotic vesicles derive from the Golgi apparatus and consist of newly synthesized materials, while in others the vesicles derive from the plasma membrane and cycle locally. (sdbonline.org)
The copines are a family of C2- and von Willebrand factor A-domain-containing proteins that have been proposed to respond to increases in intracellular calcium by translocating to the plasma membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
However, neither the function of the copines, nor their actual movement to the plasma membrane, has been fully established in mammalian cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Mechanistically, we found that p75NTR interacts with APP at the plasma membrane and regulates its internalization and intracellular trafficking in hippocampal neurons. (carlosibanezlab.se)
In the brain, Klotho is mainly localized in the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and, to a lesser extent, hippocampal neurons. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)

Moreover, PIP3 suppression disrupts normal AMPA expression on the neuron membrane and instead leads to the accumulation of AMPA on dendritic spines, commonly associated with synaptic depression. (wikipedia.org)
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid effects of estrogen on the dendritic spines of cortical neurons are not clear. (jneurosci.org)
However, the effect of rapid signaling via ERβ on dendritic spines and the signaling pathways initiated by this receptor in cortical neurons are unknown. (jneurosci.org)
However, the effects of ERβ-mediated signaling on dendritic spines of cortical neurons and the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. (jneurosci.org)
Here, we show that activation of ERβ in cortical neurons by WAY-200070 (herein referred to as 070) results in increased dendritic spine density and clustering of PSD-95 (postsynaptic density-95) at the membrane. (jneurosci.org)
These data suggest that signaling through ERβ results in rapid modification of dendritic spines of cortical neurons, supporting the role of brain-synthesized estrogen as a postsynaptic morphogen. (jneurosci.org)
It was shown to negatively regulate the size of dendritic spines of rat hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the expression of Lim-domain-containing protein kinase 1 (LIMK1) which reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton dynamics Z-WEHD-FMK through phosphorylation and thereby inactivation of the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin [100]. (2011globalhealth.org)
It was also shown that the brain-enriched miRNA-138, which is located in the dendritic compartment on rat hippocampal neurons, negatively regulates the size of dendritic spines. (2011globalhealth.org)
More recently, it has been shown that its expression reduces dendritic growth and arborization of neurons, and changes their intrinsic excitability by targeting PHF6, a gene mutated in the cognitive disorder B?rjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome [103]. (2011globalhealth.org)
Bloodgood BL, Sabatini BL (2007) Nonlinear regulation of unitary synaptic signals by CaV(2.3) voltage-sensitive calcium channels located in dendritic spines. (yale.edu)
The results suggest a mechanism by which rapid adjustments in synaptic strength can occur through localized AMPA receptor mobility and that this process may be competitive across the dendritic tree. (unboundmedicine.com)
2017) Dendritic mitoflash as a putative signal for stabilizing long-term synaptic plasticity. (siat.ac.cn)
We and others have reported that depletion of microglia during or shortly after brain irradiation in animal models can prevent loss of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons and cognitive impairments that develop at later time points [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The receptor cells are actually bipolar neurons, each possessing a thin dendritic rod that contains specialized cilia extending from the olfactory vesicle and a long central process that forms the fila olfactoria. (medscape.com)
We were also the first to identify and map the dopaminergic projections to the habenula and the spinal cord, and reveal the special dendritic projections from the nigra compacta neurons that allow dopamine to be released from dendrites in the pars reticulata. (lu.se)
4. Björklund, A., Lindvall, O.: Dopamine in dendrites of substantia nigra neurons: suggestions for a role in dendritic terminals. (lu.se)

Debanne D, Gähwiler BH, Thompson SM (1998) Long-term synaptic plasticity between pairs of individual CA3 pyramidal cells in rat hippocampal slice cultures. (yale.edu)
Strikingly, long-term synaptic plasticity and memory, which are completely disrupted in 5xFAD mice, were fully recovered in the knock-in mice. (carlosibanezlab.se)
Our results indicate that cannabinoid receptor activation does not directly inhibit the molecular mechanisms responsible for long-term synaptic plasticity but instead impairs LTP and LTD by reducing presynaptic neurotransmitter release to a level below that required to depolarize the postsynaptic membrane to relieve Mg 2+ blockade of NMDA receptors. (mediccanna.com)

In the current study, investigators isolated pre- and post-synaptic membranes and used mass spectrometry to identify proteins on the surface of the cells. (northwestern.edu)
The protein is encoded by DLG4, contains hallmark PDZ, SH3 and GuK domains and is found at post synaptic densities where it plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of synaptic junctions (Zhou and Blumberg, 2003). (antibodiesinc.com)
PrP is present in both pre- and post-synaptic neuron cells, and the greatest concentration is in the pre-synaptic cells. (biolegend.com)

2016). We extend these results here by showing that the probability of presynaptic vesicular release is reduced when an uncleaved α 2 δ is expressed in rat neurons and that this inhibitory effect is reversed when cleavage of α 2 δ is restored. (elifesciences.org)
Excitatory and inhibitory neurons are connected to each other via microcircuits, specific arrangements of cells that are one of the most basic forms of organization in the brain. (northwestern.edu)
While neurons themselves are generating signals, these connectivity patterns are critical for proper brain function, helping to maintain a balance between excitatory and inhibitory output. (northwestern.edu)
Indeed, overexpression or depletion of DLG4 changes the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons. (antibodiesinc.com)
Buzsaki G, Anastassiou CA, Koch C. Local Field Potentials Primarily Reflect Inhibitory Neuron Activity in Motor Learning. (dannymillsfoundation.com)
2020) Mesophasic organization of GABAA receptors in hippocampal inhibitory synapse. (siat.ac.cn)
Khajeh, R., Fumarola, F. and Abbott, L.F. (2022) Sparce Balance: Excitatory-Inhibitory Networks with Small Bias Currents and Broadly Distributed Synaptic Weights. (columbia.edu)

The disruption decreases Thr286 phosphorylation of alphaCaMKII, lowers phosphorylation of a key CaMKII substrate in the postsynaptic membrane (AMPA receptor subunit glutamate receptor 1), and produces deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation and spatial learning. (caltech.edu)
Moreover, HFS increased and LFS decreased the ratio of synaptic to extrasynaptic AMPA receptor labeling in the postsynaptic membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)
Similarly, LTP and LTD of whole-cell EPSCs were unimpaired in the presence of cannabinoid receptor agonist when the postsynaptic membrane was depolarized during the LTP or LTD induction protocol. (mediccanna.com)
Finally, as with cannabinoid receptor activation, inhibition of LTP by adenosine receptor activation could be overcome by removal of Mg 2+ or depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane during tetanus. (mediccanna.com)

Watanabe and colleagues engineered mouse hippocampal neurons to express channelrhodopsin, stimulated these neurons, and then froze them at different time points following stimulation. (eurekalert.org)
We have investigated the developmental expression and subcellular localization of synapsin III, the newest member of the synapsin family, in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons. (jneurosci.org)
We analyzed the developmental expression and subcellular distribution of synapsin III in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons and its role in neurite elongation and synapse formation. (jneurosci.org)

PIP3 interacts with proteins to mediate synaptic plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
Such processes require membrane traffic to particular domains of the cell surface, in order to insert proteins at restricted regions of the membrane, to enlarge particular regions of the cell membrane, or to signal asymmetrically to neighboring cells. (sdbonline.org)
Neurons generate their polarity by directing membrane traffic to growing neurites and growth cones, and by sorting proteins differentially between the axon and dendrites. (sdbonline.org)
Within neurons, multiple pathways are known to transport proteins and transmitters to the cell surface. (sdbonline.org)
Two important pathways were examined in the current study: (1) a basic pathway of exocytosis that brings new proteins to the cell surface and permits the cell to grow, and (2) synaptic transmission, a specialized form of exocytosis, regulated by Ca 2+ entry, in which vesicles already present at synapses fuse with the membrane and recycle locally (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
These effects are accompanied by imbalances in the activity of specific prenylated proteins, Rab3 and RhoA, involved in neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity, respectively. (nature.com)
Prenylation, the covalent binding of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) moieties to proteins, is a crucial post-translational modification for the regulation of protein localization on cell membranes and, in turn, for key cellular processes. (nature.com)
Furthermore, it was shown that inhibition of miRNA-134 with antisense oligonucleotide restores CREB and BDNF levels, two proteins involved in synaptic plasticity, and rescues the impairment of long-term potentiation and plasticity observed in Z-WEHD-FMK a knockout mice model [37]. (2011globalhealth.org)
Indeed, miRNA-138 targets the expression of acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1), an enzyme known to depalmitoylate a number of substrates implicated in synaptic plasticity, including the G13 subunits of G proteins [101]. (2011globalhealth.org)
The copines have been reported to interact with a range of cell signalling and cytoskeletal proteins, which may therefore be targeted to the membrane following increases in cellular calcium. (ox.ac.uk)
In primary hippocampal neurons, the expression of synaptic-related proteins (SYN) was significantly reduced in the group that received THz radiation. (iterainfo.com)
Therefore, we aimed to investigate the presynaptic functions of α 2δ-4 and Cachd1 by expressing individual proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons. (kl.ac.at)
This observation suggests that presynaptic localization and the regulation of synapse formation in glutamatergic neurons is a general feature of α 2δ proteins. (kl.ac.at)
TMC proteins modulate membrane excitability through a background sodium-leak conductance. (zju.edu.cn)

Toni N ., Song H., Ming GL "Tangential migration of neuronal precursors of glutamatergic neurons in the adult mammalian brain", PNAS 2015 July 13. (chuv.ch)
While anle138b failed as pore blocker, it is still possible that in the model system presented here, the autaptic glutamatergic neurons, it could act as an inhibitor of Aβ aggregation and further studies must be performed. (uni-goettingen.de)

Debanne D, Gähwiler BH, Thompson SM (1999) Heterogeneity of synaptic plasticity at unitary CA3-CA1 and CA3-CA3 connections in rat hippocampal slice cultures. (yale.edu)
Brody CD, Hernandez A, Lemus L, Romo R (1999) Interactions between single prefrontal neurons during parametric working memory. (yale.edu)
Destexhe A, Paré D (1999) Impact of network activity on the integrative properties of neocortical pyramidal neurons in vivo. (yale.edu)
Bi GQ & Poo Mm. (1999) Distributed synaptic modification in neural networks induced by patterned stimulation. (siat.ac.cn)
Research in pyramidal neurons, where synaptic transmitting was pharmacologically obstructed, also claim that dopamine can boost intrinsic membrane excitability (Ceci 1999, Moore 2011). (mindunwindart.com)

To better understand how our nervous system sustains their activities to meet our physical and mental demands, Watanabe and his colleagues at the University of Utah have been studying how neurons recycle synaptic vesicles, small cellular structures that store neurotransmitters, the primary means of communication between neurons. (eurekalert.org)
After neurons are stimulated, synaptic vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, releasing their chemical signals, neurotransmitters. (eurekalert.org)
when light flashes, neurons engineered to express channelrhodopsin are activated, causing the synaptic vesicles they harbor to fuse at nerve terminals. (eurekalert.org)
scientists had previously thought that synaptic vesicles were regenerated at the cell surface. (eurekalert.org)
We demonstrate that two of these copines associate with different intracellular vesicles following calcium entry into cells, and identify a novel conserved amino acid sequence that is required for their membrane translocation in living cells. (ox.ac.uk)
2021 ) Unique dynamics and exocytosis properties of GABAergic synaptic vesicles revealed by three-dimensional single vesicle tracking. (neurotree.org)
2019 ) Presynaptic Endosomal Cathepsin D Regulates the Biogenesis of GABAergic Synaptic Vesicles. (neurotree.org)

Baker JL, Perez-Rosello T, Migliore M, Barrionuevo G, Ascoli GA (2011) A computer model of unitary responses from associational/commissural and perforant path synapses in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells. (yale.edu)

Amaral DG, Witter MP (1989) The three-dimensional organization of the hippocampal formation: a review of anatomical data. (yale.edu)
Behavior-Dependent Activity and Synaptic Organization of Septo-hippocampal GABAergic Neurons Selectively Targeting the Hippocampal CA3 Area. (ox.ac.uk)
The focus of my postdoctoral work was to sort out the anatomical organization of the dopamine and noradrenaline neuron systems in the brain using the new glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method. (lu.se)
2. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: The organization of the ascending catecholamine neuron systems in the rat brain as revealed by the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method. (lu.se)
7. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: Organization of catecholamine neurons in the rat central nervous system. (lu.se)

2020 ) Structure and plasticity of silent synapses in developing hippocampal neurons visualized by super-resolution imaging. (neurotree.org)
2020 ) Biphasic exocytosis of herpesvirus from hippocampal neurons and mechanistic implication to membrane fusion. (neurotree.org)

Colquhoun D, Jonas P, Sakmann B (1992) Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal slices. (yale.edu)
Long-term potentiation (LTP) in vitro reveals dynamic regulation of synaptic glutamate receptors. (unboundmedicine.com)
AU - Moga,D E, AU - Shapiro,M L, AU - Morrison,J H, PY - 2006/10/14/pubmed PY - 2007/2/21/medline PY - 2006/10/14/entrez SP - 990 EP - 1003 JF - Hippocampus JO - Hippocampus VL - 16 IS - 11 N2 - Long-term potentiation (LTP) in vitro reveals dynamic regulation of synaptic glutamate receptors. (unboundmedicine.com)
Berger B, Febvret A, Greengard P, Goldman-Rakic PS (1990) DARPP-32, a phosphoprotein enriched in dopaminoceptive neurons bearing dopamine D1 receptors: distribution in the cerebral cortex of the newborn and adult rhesus monkey. (yale.edu)
PSD-95 is a member of the MAGUK (membrane associated guanylate kinase) family (which also includes PSD-93, SAP97 and SAP102) and functions as a scaffold protein that can cluster membrane receptors, ion channels, including NMDA receptor subunits, Kv1 potassium channels and Caspr2. (antibodiesinc.com)

Along the same lines, recent studies have shown that miRNA-128 [102], another brain-enriched miRNA was implicated in the control of synaptic plasticity and memory. (2011globalhealth.org)

Interactions between the NR2B receptor and CaMKII modulate synaptic plasticity and spatial learning. (caltech.edu)
It can be concluded that modulation of n-6: n-3 PUFA ratios in the diet may lead to increased hippocampal PPAR gene expression and consequently improved spatial learning and memory in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the hypothesis that a reduction in dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratios may alter the hippocampal PPAR gene expression and consequently spatial memory. (biomedcentral.com)
Toni N . "Synaptic adhesion molecules regulate the integration of new granule neurons in the postnatal mouse hippocampus and their impact on spatial memory. (chuv.ch)
Is there plasticity in spatial processing by neurons when acoustically defined locations are rewarded? (texaschildrens.org)

To date, the only evidence for these receptor dynamics in the hippocampus is from the studies of dissociated neurons and hippocampal slices taken from young animals. (unboundmedicine.com)
Although synaptic plasticity is induced easily, the extent of AMPA and NMDA receptor mobility after LTP is unknown in the adult, intact hippocampus. (unboundmedicine.com)
In terms of neurotransmitter metabolisms, four rat brain regions (hippocampus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem) and three types of neurons-like cells (MN9D, PC12, and HT22 cells) showed significant changes in neurotransmitter content. (iterainfo.com)
Jointly, these email address details are consistent with the chance that dopamine can impact hippocampal bursting by at least two temporally distinctive mechanisms, adding to an rising understanding of dopamine-dependent results on network activity in the hippocampus. (mindunwindart.com)
D1R positive cells in hippocampus consist of glutamatergic projection neurons from the dentate gyrus aswell as CA1 pyramidal neurons and CA1/CA3 interneurons (Gangarossa 2012). (mindunwindart.com)
2001. Subchronic dermal application of N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum. (cdc.gov)

Previous studies using truncated forms of the HD gene have shown pronounced deficits in synaptic transmission and plasticity but rather modest changes in intrinsic cellular properties, despite overt pathology. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, together with our previous work, these findings point to a synaptic rather than cellular locus of HD-related pathology. (nih.gov)
The PUFA supplementation contributes to modulation of membrane composition, fluidity and selective permeability, cellular signaling and regulation of gene expression [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Accumulating evidence signifies that lack of physiologic amyloid precursor protein (APP) function qualified prospects to decreased neuronal plasticity reduced synaptic signaling and improved susceptibility of neurons to cellular strain during brain maturing. (gasyblog.com)

Berzhanskaya J, Urban NN, Barrionuevo G (1998) Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of the direct perforant path input to hippocampal area CA3. (yale.edu)
Bi GQ & Poo Mm. (1998) Synaptic modifications in cultured hippocampal neurons: Dependence on spike timing, synaptic strength, and postsynaptic cell type. (siat.ac.cn)

Alternative Splicing of Disabled-1 Controls Multipolar -to-Bipolar Transition of Migrating Neurons in the Neocortex. (zju.edu.cn)
Bursting is normally a crucial physiological event that may donate to the differentiation of neuronal progenitors as ZM-447439 well as the transfer of hippocampal engrams to neocortex for long-term storage storage space (Babu 2009, Ego-Stengel & Wilson 2010, Buzsaki 1989). (mindunwindart.com)

To investigate the possible contribution of cannabinoid receptor-mediated deficits in hippocampal function to the learning and memory impairments produced by marijuana, we studied the effects of cannabinoid receptor activation on two models of learning and memory, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), in hippocampal slices. (mediccanna.com)

Its upregulation in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex is required to regulate plasticity in adult post-mitotic neurons and is involved in the formation of fear-extinction memory. (2011globalhealth.org)

Finally activation of intracellular mGluR5 only mediated both electrically induced and chemically induced long-term major depression but not long-term potentiation in acute hippocampal slices. (biongenex.com)

sec5 mutations have been identified and characterized in Drosophila in order to delineate the role of the protein in neurons and particularly at synapses. (sdbonline.org)
This protein is required for many aspects of membrane traffic within neurons, including the elaboration of neurites, but the release of neurotransmitter at the synapse is independent of this exocyst component (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
Only recently have we started determining the CSPs expressed in discrete neurons that form extracellular protein-protein interactions and regulate circuit development and function," Savas said. (northwestern.edu)
The n-3 PUFA incorporated into the neuron membrane also increase synaptic protein expression, strengthening the hippocampal synaptic plasticity [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, Cachd1, a novel α 2δ-like protein, shows strong expression in brain, but its function in neurons is not yet known. (kl.ac.at)
We recently demonstrated that elevating levels of the pleotropic protein Klotho enhances cognitive functions in mice and humans, and can prevent synaptic and cognitive impairments in a transgenic mouse model that simulates key aspects of Alzheimer's disease. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)

Here, we show that activation of ERβ with the specific agonist WAY-200070 results in increased spine density and PSD-95 (postsynaptic density-95) accumulation in membrane regions. (jneurosci.org)
Activation of ERβ by WAY-200070 also resulted in the phosphorylation of p21-activated kinase (PAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in cultured cortical neurons, suggesting a mechanism for the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. (jneurosci.org)
Brown AM, Schwindt PC, Crill WE (1993) Voltage dependence and activation kinetics of pharmacologically defined components of the high-threshold calcium current in rat neocortical neurons. (yale.edu)
B) Activation of a synaptic contact onto a hippocampal pyramidal neuron elicits a synaptic potential. (scholarpedia.org)
Chavez M, Besserve M, Verschure PF, Logothetis NK, Panzeri S. Local Field Potentials Encode Place Cell Ensemble Activation during Hippocampal Sharp Wave-Ripples. (dannymillsfoundation.com)
One goal for the physiological study of neuronal cell types is to investigate synaptic connections formed by cell types, with in vitro preparations, using electrical and optical activation combined with multiple simultaneous neuronal recordings. (alleninstitute.org)
Released studies have connected dopamine and D1 like receptor activation to improvement of glutamate mediated synaptic transmitting (Andre 2010). (mindunwindart.com)
Although general ramifications of dopamine and D1R agonists on voltage gated ion route function and intrinsic membrane excitability are complicated, a big body of proof supports models where D1R activation promote intrinsic excitability in D1R bearing moderate spiny neurons from the striatum (Gerfen & Surmeier 2011, Tritsch & Sabatini 2012). (mindunwindart.com)
2012 Therefore activation of intracellular mGluR5 initiates a cascade of events underlying synaptic plasticity. (biongenex.com)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive inherited neuromuscular condition caused by biallelic mutations in the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. (bvsalud.org)
A highly homologous gene survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) can partially compensate for SMN1 deletion, and its copy number is associated with disease severity. (bvsalud.org)
C) Stimulation of a spinal reflex produces an action potential in a spinal motor neuron. (scholarpedia.org)
Reduced high frequency motor neuron firing, EMG fractionation, and gait variability in awake walking ALS mice. (texaschildrens.org)

Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is expressed in cortical neurons, and ERβ knock-out mice display impaired performance in cortically mediated processes, suggesting that signaling via this receptor has profound effects on cortical neuron function. (jneurosci.org)
However, the effect of rapid signaling through estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in cortical neurons is not known. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, we find that aromatase is enriched at synapses of cortical neurons. (jneurosci.org)

To relate full-length HD gene expression and differential polyglutamine expansion with possible pathophysiological changes in salient electrophysiological properties of neurons that may underlie early symptoms of HD, including mood and cognitive impairments, we have conducted whole-cell recordings from hippocampal area CA1 pyramidal cells in Hdh6/Q72 and Hdh4/Q80 knock-in mice. (nih.gov)
4 months) HD mice harbouring an expanded CAG repeat stretch and age-matched wild type (WT) mice revealed no significant differences in any of the active or passive membrane properties investigated. (nih.gov)
Thus, the current study indicates a lack of overt changes in the electrical membrane properties of pyramidal cells in HD mice accurately modelling early stage HD pathology. (nih.gov)
4) We recently demonstrated that increased Klotho levels are associated with enhanced cognitive functions in mice and humans and can prevent synaptic and cognitive impairments in a transgenic mouse model (hAPP mice from line J20) that simulates key aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
GI254023X exacerbated neuron loss of life in organotypic (hippocampal) cut civilizations of wt mice put through trophic aspect and blood sugar deprivation. (gasyblog.com)
Individual wt or KD SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (a) had been cultured completely moderate (+FCS) or in moderate lacking trophic elements (?FCS) for 48?h … Body 2 sAPPwas additional substantiated in tissues models when examining organotypic (hippocampal) cut cultures ready from wt or APP-KO mice (Body 3). (gasyblog.com)

Copines-1, -2, -3, -6 and -7 show different calcium-dependent intracellular membrane translocation and targeting. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we show that copines-1, -2, -3, -6 and -7 respond differently to a methacholine-evoked intracellular increase in calcium in human embryonic kidney cell line-293 cells, and that their membrane association requires different levels of intracellular calcium. (ox.ac.uk)
The molecular pathways that regulate APP internalization and intracellular trafficking in neurons are incompletely understood. (carlosibanezlab.se)
As with the striatum CA1 neurons exhibited an abundance of mGluR5 both on the cell surface and intracellular membranes including the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus where it colocalized with the sodium-dependent excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT3. (biongenex.com)
Consistent with the notion that mGluR5 can transmission from intracellular membranes uncaging glutamate on a CA1 dendrite led to a local Ca2+ rise actually in the presence of ionotropic and cell surface metabotropic receptor inhibitors. (biongenex.com)
These data suggest a physiologically relevant and important part for intracellular mGluR5 in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. (biongenex.com)
2005 2009 Here we display for the first time that intracellular mGluR5 takes on a critical part in a specific form of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. (biongenex.com)

many synaptic junctions were missing, impairing cell-cell communication. (northwestern.edu)

2017. Neuron, 96(6):1342-1357.e5. (ox.ac.uk)
Neuron 2017 Feb 8 93(3). (chuv.ch)

Erreger K, Dravid SM, Banke TG, Wyllie DJ, Traynelis SF (2005) Subunit-specific gating controls rat NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B NMDA channel kinetics and synaptic signalling profiles. (yale.edu)

We applied this approach in primary rat hippocampal neurons to test how local positioning of recycling endosomes contributes to axon outgrowth and found that dynein-driven removal of endosomes from axonal growth cones reversibly suppressed axon growth, whereas kinesin-driven endosome enrichment enhanced growth. (nature.com)
In order to delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects, primary rat hippocampal neurons were used. (nature.com)
Primary hippocampal ethnicities were prepared and managed as explained previously with some modifications (Jong et al. (biongenex.com)

Indeed, we show that uncleaved α 2 δ−1 inhibits presynaptic calcium transient-triggered action potential (AP) in hippocampal neurons and that this effect is reversed by the cleavage of α 2 δ−1. (elifesciences.org)
Both α 2δ-4 and Cachd1 are expressed in the presynaptic membrane and could rescue a severe synaptic defect present in triple knockout/knockdown neurons that lacked the α 2δ-1-3 isoforms (α 2δ TKO/KD). (kl.ac.at)

Though abundant in adult brain, the function of the complex in neurons after development remains uncertain. (sdbonline.org)
Andrasfalvy BK, Magee JC (2001) Distance-dependent increase in AMPA receptor number in the dendrites of adult hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
To test whether AMPA or NMDAR subunits undergo activity-dependent modifications in adult hippocampal synapses, we induced LTP at perforant path-dentate gyrus (DG) synapses in anesthetized adult rats, using high frequency stimulation (HFS), verified layer-specific Arc induction, and analyzed the distribution of postsynaptic AMPA and NMDAR subunits, using immunogold electron microscopy. (unboundmedicine.com)
Gebara E., Bonaguidi M., Beckervordersandforth R., Sultan S., Udry F., Gijs P., Lie C., Ming G., Song H., Toni N . "Morpho-functional characterization of adult neural hippocampal stem cells reveals two morphotypes of radial glia-like cells. (chuv.ch)
Braun S., Moss J., Toni N. , Jessberger S. "Programming hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells into oligodendrocytes enhances remyelination in the adult brain after injury" Cell Reports , 2015 Jun 23;11(11):1679-85. (chuv.ch)

Chen N, Ren J, Raymond LA, Murphy TH (2001) Changes in agonist concentration dependence that are a function of duration of exposure suggest N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor nonsaturation during synaptic stimulation. (yale.edu)

A tale of synaptic vesicle recycling. (eurekalert.org)
Thus, our data propose 5-IP7 as a potent inhibitor of Syt1 actions on calcium-mediated synaptic vesicle fusion. (kaist.ac.kr)

Inositol phosphates (IP) have long been known to be negative regulators of synaptic exocytosis, but the function of diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP7) has remained elusive. (kaist.ac.kr)

Brain-synthesized estrogen has been shown to influence synaptic structure, function, and cognitive processes. (jneurosci.org)
Our data indicate that the proteolytic maturation increases the association of α 2 δ−1 with Ca V channel complex and is essential for its function on synaptic release. (elifesciences.org)
Table 1 Experimental validated miRNA-target interaction for miRNA involved in synaptic plasticity and function. (2011globalhealth.org)
This research represents a first step towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the highly precise patterns of connectivity that are required for proper hippocampal circuit and ultimately brain function," said Savas, who is also a professor of Medicine in the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and of Pharmacology . (northwestern.edu)
Synapses in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway are a part of microcircuits critical for hippocampal function. (northwestern.edu)
Related function shows that methylphenidate, found in the treating interest deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, can amplify LTP in hippocampal CA1 and surface area GluA1 expression via an adrenergic and D1 like receptor reliant pathway (Rozas 2015). (mindunwindart.com)
Prior function has also connected dopamine to adjustments in membrane excitability. (mindunwindart.com)
Interestingly, I observed a marked deficit in synaptic function with no evidence of morphological or biochemical alterations. (uni-goettingen.de)
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is certainly widely expressed throughout the CNS and participates in regulating neuronal function and synaptic transmission. (biongenex.com)

Here, PIP3 has been implicated in regulating synaptic strengthening and AMPA expression, contributing to long-term potentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Do VH, Martinez CO, Martinez JL, Derrick BE (2002) Long-term potentiation in direct perforant path projections to the hippocampal CA3 region in vivo. (yale.edu)
2005) Coactivation and timing-dependent integration of synaptic potentiation and depression. (siat.ac.cn)
This impact is in keeping with the chance that improved membrane insertion of GluAs may donate to a more gradually changing dopamine-dependent potentiation of glutamate-stimulated bursting. (mindunwindart.com)

2005) Synaptic mechanisms of persistent reverberatory activity in neuronal networks. (siat.ac.cn)

These reports suggest that microglial plays a critical role in inducing synaptic abnormalities and consequently, cognitive deficits after brain irradiation. (biomedcentral.com)

brain and is predominantly expressed in neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Using these electrochemical signals (i.e., receptor potentials, action potentials and synaptic potentials), the brain and the rest of the nervous system carry out an enormous range of operations. (scholarpedia.org)
The brain consists of myriad neurons that connect with one another through heterogeneous and plastic synaptic connections, forming highly ordered circuits with multi-scale complexity. (siat.ac.cn)
2019) Scalable volumetric imaging for ultrahigh-speed brain mapping at synaptic resolution. (siat.ac.cn)
Pharmacological depletion of microglia during whole-brain radiotherapy prevents synaptic loss and long-term recognition memory deficits. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, brain-engrafted macrophages display reduced phagocytic activity for synaptic compartments compared to microglia from normal brains in response to a secondary concussive brain injury. (biomedcentral.com)
How do networks of neurons in the brain rapidly process this information in order to make sense out of the world and choose appropriate actions? (texaschildrens.org)
However, how this promising drug acts in the AD brain at a synaptic level remains unclear. (uni-goettingen.de)
Brain image reveals hippocampal atrophy, especially on the right side. (medscape.com)

THz radiation has been shown to affect the nervous system, including the structure of nerve cell membranes, genes expressions, and cytokines level. (iterainfo.com)
THz radiation at specific frequencies can change the permeability of nerve cell membranes (Cherkasova et al. (iterainfo.com)
A glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor at the COOH-terminal tethers PrP to cell membranes. (biolegend.com)

Triangles indicate the membrane potential dynamics then results in NMDAR-dependent release (or pro-conversion) of mBDNF that induces Hebbian synaptic strengthening in postsynaptic tectal neurons in vivo. (dannymillsfoundation.com)
ErbB4 deletion in noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus induces mania-like behavior via elevated catecholamines. (zju.edu.cn)

As a doctoral student he studied the role of intrinsic membrane properties in hippocampal information processing. (alleninstitute.org)

Feldmeyer D, Lübke J, Silver RA, Sakmann B (2002) Synaptic connections between layer 4 spiny neurone-layer 2/3 pyramidal cell pairs in juvenile rat barrel cortex: physiology and anatomy of interlaminar signalling within a cortical column. (yale.edu)

Preparation of hippocampal cultures. (jneurosci.org)
Debanne D, Guérineau NC, Gähwiler BH, Thompson SM (1995) Physiology and pharmacology of unitary synaptic connections between pairs of cells in areas CA3 and CA1 of rat hippocampal slice cultures. (yale.edu)
Here, I established an in vitro model system of Aβ toxicity by means of incubating murine autaptic hippocampal cultures with synthetic Aβ oligomers, for functional and morphological characterization of AD-like synapses. (uni-goettingen.de)
There is a pronounced boost of PI-positive cells in serum/glucose-deprived hippocampal cut cultures that was significantly low in the current presence of recombinant BIIB021 sAPPexacerbates cell loss of life under these circumstances. (gasyblog.com)

Directed membrane traffic is essential for many developmental processes, including cell growth, cytokinesis and signaling between cells. (sdbonline.org)
The identification, therefore, of the molecules required for directed membrane traffic will be important for understanding organismal development and cell-cell signaling (Murthy, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
The n-3 fatty acids increase membrane fluidity by replacing n-6 fatty acids and cholesterol from the membrane [ 12 ] maintaining an optimal membrane fluidity which is obligatory for neurotransmitter binding and signaling within the cell [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We found that overexpression and depletion of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) kinase in PC12 cells or hippocampal neurons led to a reduction and increase in neurotransmitter release, respectively. (kaist.ac.kr)

The specialized olfactory epithelial cells characterize the only group of neurons capable of regeneration. (medscape.com)

1988). The resulting damage leads to loss of membrane permeability, reduced ion uptake, loss of plasma ions, and changes in blood parameters relating to respiration. (canada.ca)
In contrast to previous literature, even though the oligomeric preparation that I used could induce pore formation in an artificial bilayer, no signs of loss of membrane integrity in neurons were found. (uni-goettingen.de)

In addition, loss of IgSF8 cause reduced feed-forward inhibition - essentially, removing a check on excitatory impulses that results in an overall increase in the excitability of these neurons. (northwestern.edu)
Furthermore, I preincubated the autaptic neurons with anle138b before Aβ exposure, as performed in other model membranes, to observe a putative inhibition of pore formation. (uni-goettingen.de)

The continuous turnover and new supply of these neurons are unique to the olfactory system. (medscape.com)

Anatomy55

Organisms15

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs91

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

Health Care2

Plasma membrane9

Dendritic16

Long-term synaptic plasticity3

Post-synaptic3

Inhibitory7

Postsynaptic membrane4

Mouse hippocampal neurons3

Proteins14

Glutamatergic neurons2

19995

Vesicles7

Synapses in hippocampal1

Organization5

20202

Receptors5

Plasticity and memory1

Spatial5

Hippocampus6

Cellular4

19982

Neocortex2

Deficits in hippocampal1

Prefrontal cortex1

Slices1

Protein6

Activation9

Motor neuron4

Cortical neurons3

Mice6

Intracellular7

Junctions1

20172

NMDA1

Primary3

Presynaptic2

Adult5

Stimulation1

Vesicle2

Exocytosis1

Function9

Potentiation4

Mechanisms1

Cognitive1

Brain9

Cell membranes3

Induces2

Intrinsic membrane1

Spiny1

Cultures4

Signaling3

Neurotransmitter release1

Epithelial1

Loss of membrane2

Inhibition2

Olfactory System1