Hippocampal neurons postsynaptic neuron. Medical search. Frequent questions

We conclude that chronic block of GABAA receptors enhances efficacy of GABAergic synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal cell cultures and this effect is likely to postsynaptic mechanism(s) because IPSC increase was not accompanied with changes of IPSC coefficient of variation. (kiev.ua)

Recent studies revealed a key role for PSD- 95, a scaffolding molecule enriched at glutamatergic synapses, in modulation of clustering of several neurotransmitter receptors, adhesion molecules, ion channels, cytoskeletal elements and signaling molecules at postsynaptic sites. (frontiersin.org)
The postsynaptic compartment of excitatory synapses is characterized by an electron-dense region, referred to as the postsynaptic density (PSD), attributable to the high density of neurotransmitter receptors and associated molecules at these sites. (frontiersin.org)
The strength of individual synapses is modulated to compensate for changes in other synapses, on the same neuron, that would otherwise alter overall cellular activity. (frontiersin.org)
In the vestibular periphery a unique postsynaptic terminal, the calyx, completely covers the basolateral walls of type I hair cells and receives input from multiple ribbon synapses. (jneurosci.org)
Hippocampal mossy fiber synapses show an unusual form of long-term potentiation (LTP) that is independent of NMDA receptor activation and is expressed presynaptically. (nature.com)
Chattarji, S., Stanton, P.K. & Sejnowski, T.J. Commissural synapses, but not mossy fiber synapses, in hippocampal field CA3 exhibit associative long-term potentiation and depression. (nature.com)
Ito, I. & Sugiyama, H. Roles of glutamate receptors in long-term potentiation at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. (nature.com)
Chen X, Jia B, Araki Y , Liu B , Ye F, Huganir R , Zhang M. Arc weakens synapses by dispersing AMPA receptors from postsynaptic density via modulating PSD phase separation. (neurotree.org)
Consequently, the intrinsic properties and pairwise interactions of their constituent neurons can be characterized, including analyses of their communication via gap junctions, action potential-gated synapses or graded synapses. (degruyter.com)
Regulation of morpho- logical postsynaptic silent synapses in developing hippo- campal neurons // Nat. (kiev.ua)
Also, for the first time, it now is possible to analyze pre- and postsynaptic effects of wild-type and/or genetically modified synapses in a simple neuronal network. (technologynetworks.com)
This requires complex physiological activities between the ends of different nerve cells (neurons), the synapses. (technologynetworks.com)
Following the new protocol, all synapses used for analysis are formed between the paired neurons under observation. (technologynetworks.com)
Grosser S, Buck N, Braunewell K-H, Gilling KE, Wozny C, Fidzinski P, Behr J ( 2020 ) Loss of Long-Term Potentiation at Hippocampal Output Synapses in Experimental Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. (multichannelsystems.com)

Dallwig R, Deitmer JW, Backus KH (1999) On the mechanism of GABA-induced currents in cultured rat cortical neurons. (yale.edu)
9. Mhatre M.C., Ticku M.K. Chronic GABA treatment downregulates the GABAA receptor alpha 2 and alpha 3 subunit mRNAS as well as polypeptide expression in primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons // Brain Res. (kiev.ua)
In normal animals, visual cortical neurons are selective and binocular. (scholarpedia.org)

We combined genetically targeted voltage imaging with targeted optogenetic activation and silencing of pre- and post-synaptic neurons to study the mechanisms underlying hippocampal behavioral timescale plasticity. (stanford.edu)
Elevated 5-HT1A autoreceptor expression would tend to reduce the activity of 5-HT neurons, while reduced post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors would result in a blunted behavioral response to 5-HT. (biomedcentral.com)

The I-V relationships of the postsynaptic currents (hIPSC and GDPSC) had distinct characteristics: the hIPSC and the early GDPSC showed outward rectification, whereas the late GDPSC was reduced with positive voltage steps to zero or beyond (inward rectification), but often no clear reversal was seen. (jneurosci.org)
With whole-cell recording from single neurons, we found that ACh inhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) while elevating neuronal firing in a dose-dependent manner. (springer.com)
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate and Ethanol depress spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. (123dok.org)
Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on brain slices of 21- to 25-day-old rats, the present study investigated the effects of GHB and ethanol on spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). (123dok.org)
Using whole-cell voltage clamp recording and local extra- cellular stimulation we investigated evoked inhibitory postsyn- aptic currents (IPSCs) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons grown in the presence of GABAA receptor antagonist - bicuculline (20мM) and in control conditions. (kiev.ua)

Tong, G., Malenka, R.C. & Nicoll, R.A. Long-term potentiation in cultures of single hippocampal granule cells: a presynaptic form of plasticity. (nature.com)
These results reveal synaptic implementation of hippocampal behavioral timescale plasticity and define a methodology to resolve synaptic plasticity during learning and memory in behaving mammals. (stanford.edu)
For example, spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) shapes the connectivity, depending only on the timing of the activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neuron. (nature.com)
These forms of plasticity are due to increases in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, and can be engaged when dentate GCs fire in bursts (e.g., during exploratory behaviors) and bring CA3 pyramidal neurons above threshold. (eneuro.org)
Here, using physiologically relevant patterns of MF stimulation in acute mouse hippocampal slices, we found that disrupting postsynaptic Ca 2+ dynamics increases MF-PTP, strongly suggesting a form of Ca 2+ -dependent retrograde suppression of this form of plasticity. (eneuro.org)
Chapter 2 presents the study of synchronization of two model neurons coupled through a synapse with spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). (caltech.edu)
Darch HT, Collins MK, O'Riordan KJ, Cryan JF ( 2021 ) Microbial memories: Sex-dependent impact of the gut microbiome on hippocampal plasticity. (multichannelsystems.com)

This was required to find the exact right conditions for growing mouse hippocampal neurons in cell cultures in such a way that they allow bi-directional measurements of synaptic functions in isolated paired neurons. (technologynetworks.com)

Finally, antibody labelings showed that a high percentage of presynaptic ribbon release sites and postsynaptic glutamate receptors were not juxtaposed, favoring a role for spillover. (jneurosci.org)
However, there are examples of much larger, specialized presynaptic and postsynaptic endings. (jneurosci.org)
Immunoreactivity for GABA B1 was observed on presynaptic and, more abundantly, on postsynaptic compartments, showing both scattered and clustered distribution patterns. (springer.com)
But the goodies this method offers don't stop there, as Prof. Obermair explains: "Both cells of the cultured paired network can function as stimulated, i.e., presynaptic, and innervated, i.e., postsynaptic neurons. (technologynetworks.com)

Zalutsky, R.A. & Nicoll, R.A. Comparison of two forms of long-term potentiation in single hippocampal neurons. (nature.com)
Dong L, Li G, Gao Y, Lin L, Zheng Y, Cao XB ( 2020 ) Exploring the form- and time-dependent effect of low frequency electromagnetic fields on maintenance of hippocampal long-term potentiation. (multichannelsystems.com)

In this manner the neurons strike a "balance" that allows for neurons to become activated and convey discrete synaptic signals, while preventing excessive excitation. (frontiersin.org)

These results suggest that Shank1 scaffold in PV+ interneurons regulates excitatory synaptic strength and participates in the maintenance of in excitatory neurons. (gasyblog.com)
Approximately 1000 - 2000 RFP-positive neurons (PV+ inhibitory interneurons) were from the hippocampal CA1 region of each animal. (gasyblog.com)

The Canadian psychologist Donald Hebb (1949 ) is credited with inventing the concept, which was based on appealing - but speculative - ideas of how excitatory neurons ought to be synaptically interconnected, ought to have their interconnections modified, and ought to function together. (degruyter.com)
The manifestation of PV and Slc17a7 a marker of excitatory neurons transcripts were measured against the samples that targeted PV+ Harmine hydrochloride and excitatory neurons to evaluate the quality of samples harvested by LCM. (gasyblog.com)
Slc17a7: PV+ neurons 0.19 ± 0.01 excitatory neurons 0.78 ± 0.06 N = 4 mice. (gasyblog.com)

Achilles K, Okabe A, Ikeda M, Shimizu-Okabe C, Yamada J, Fukuda A, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W (2007) Kinetic properties of Cl uptake mediated by Na+-dependent K+-2Cl cotransport in immature rat neocortical neurons. (yale.edu)
Connors BW, Gutnick MJ (1990) Intrinsic firing patterns of diverse neocortical neurons. (yale.edu)

Bracci E, Vreugdenhil M, Hack SP, Jefferys JG (2001) Dynamic modulation of excitation and inhibition during stimulation at gamma and beta frequencies in the CA1 hippocampal region. (yale.edu)
Stimulation of postsynaptic GABA B receptors generally triggers inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channels, leading to cell hyperpolarisation (Kaupmann et al. (springer.com)
Chapter 4 studies the entrainment of a heterogeneous network of electrically coupled neurons by periodic stimulation. (caltech.edu)
In 2001, we first visualized postsynaptic secretion of BDNF in response to synaptic stimulation. (circprot.eu)
By means of live cell imaging of fluorescently (GFP) labeled proteins in cultured neurons and isolated brain slices we follow the intracellular transport, synaptic targeting and exocytotic release of these proteins (e.g., neurotrophins) upon physiological stimulation of neuronal cells. (circprot.eu)
Similarly, postsynaptic secretion of endogenous BDNF from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is responsible for rhythms of STDP stimulation that depend on burst firing of action potentials in the postsynaptic neuron. (circprot.eu)

GABA B receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors for GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and through coupling to different intracellular signal transduction mechanisms they mediate slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have shown that Purkinje cells (PCs), the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, are the neuron type with the highest levels of GABA B receptors (Bowery et al. (springer.com)
The serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor is among the most abundant and widely distributed 5-HT receptors in the brain, but is also expressed on serotonin neurons as an autoreceptor where it plays a critical role in regulating the activity of the entire serotonin system. (biomedcentral.com)
this is flanked by a series of upstream repressor elements for REST, Freud-1/CC2D1A and Freud-2/CC2D1B factors that not only restrict its expression to neurons, but may also regulate the level of expression of 5-HT1A receptors in various subsets of neurons, including serotonergic neurons. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell assemblies and central pattern generators (CPGs) are related types of neuronal networks: both consist of interacting groups of neurons whose collective activities lead to defined functional outputs. (degruyter.com)
To reconcile robust computations with variable neuronal activity, we here propose a conceptual change of perspective by employing variability of activity as the basis for stimulus-related information to be learned by neurons, rather than merely being the noise that corrupts the mean signal. (plos.org)
BCM theory ( B ienenstock, C ooper, and M unro 1982) refers to the theory of synaptic modification first proposed by Elie Bienenstock, Leon Cooper, and Paul Munro in 1982 to account for experiments measuring the selectivity of neurons in primary sensory cortex and its dependency on neuronal input. (scholarpedia.org)

Biphasic GABA A -mediated postsynaptic responses can be readily evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampal slices by high-frequency stimulus (HFS) trains in the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. (jneurosci.org)

Behrens CJ, Ul Haq R, Liotta A, Anderson ML, Heinemann U (2011) Nonspecific effects of the gap junction blocker mefloquine on fast hippocampal network oscillations in the adult rat in vitro. (yale.edu)
Destexhe A, Babloyantz A, Sejnowski TJ (1993) Ionic mechanisms for intrinsic slow oscillations in thalamic relay neurons. (yale.edu)

Vigot and Batini 1997 ), the spatial relationship of GABA B and their effector ion channels in various subcellular compartments of central neurons remains mostly unknown. (springer.com)
gamma- Aminobutyric acid (GABA) induces a receptor-medi- ated reduction in GABAA receptor alpha subunit messenger RNAs in embryonic chick neurons in culture // J. Biol. (kiev.ua)
We also review current models for the mechanisms of GABA-mediated synchronization of neural activity, focusing on parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons, which are altered in schizophrenia and whose function has been strongly linked to the production of neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)

Possi-bility of multiquantal transmission at single inhibitory synapse in cultured rat hippocampal neurons // Neuroscience. (kiev.ua)

Ben-Ari Y, Cherubini E, Corradetti R, Gaiarsa JL (1989) Giant synaptic potentials in immature rat CA3 hippocampal neurones. (yale.edu)

Previously, we have demonstrated that small networks of cultured hippocampal neurons exhibit persistent activity in response to brief stimuli applied to single cells [ 26 ], reminiscent of reverberatory activity in the hypothetical cell assembly proposed by Donald Hebb as a network basis of "online" working memory [ 27 ]. (springer.com)

Chub N, O'Donovan MJ (2001) Post-episode depression of GABAergic transmission in spinal neurons of the chick embryo. (yale.edu)

Neuron 16 , 1147-1157 (1996). (nature.com)

Although inhibitory postsynaptic sites lack PSDs, they also consist of complex protein matrices. (frontiersin.org)

Glutamate accumulation caused slow depolarizations of the postsynaptic membrane potentials, and thereby substantially increased calyx firing rates. (jneurosci.org)
Chavez M, Besserve M, Verschure PF, Logothetis NK, Panzeri S. Local Field Potentials Encode Place Cell Ensemble Activation during Hippocampal Sharp Wave-Ripples. (dannymillsfoundation.com)
Buzsaki G, Anastassiou CA, Koch C. Local Field Potentials Primarily Reflect Inhibitory Neuron Activity in Motor Learning. (dannymillsfoundation.com)

It shows that such synapse mediates regularization of chaos in a circuit of two chaotic bursting neurons and leads to structural stability of the regularized state. (caltech.edu)
Studying this intricate interaction is difficult, as in most established experimental models neurons are interconnected with many other neurons, and activities at one synapse cannot be regarded as independent of influence by others. (technologynetworks.com)

The Shank genes (SHANK1 2 3 encode scaffold proteins highly enriched in postsynaptic densities where they regulate synaptic structure in spiny neurons. (gasyblog.com)

y\) denotes the output activity of the neuron , \(\theta_M\) is the modification threshold. (scholarpedia.org)

NMDA receptor activation limits the number of synaptic con- nections during hippocampal development // Nat. (kiev.ua)

Unexpectedly, a GC in vivo like pattern of activity induced robust presynaptically-expressed post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) only when the postsynaptic cell was loaded with a high concentration of Ca 2+ buffer, indicating a form of Ca 2+ -dependent retrograde suppression of PTP. (eneuro.org)
A separate set of allele-specific factors, including Deaf1, Hes1 and Hes5 repress at the HTR1A C(-1019)G (rs6295) polymorphism in serotonergic neurons in culture, as well as in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
Triangles indicate the membrane potential dynamics then results in NMDAR-dependent release (or pro-conversion) of mBDNF that induces Hebbian synaptic strengthening in postsynaptic tectal neurons in vivo. (dannymillsfoundation.com)

Urbano-Gámez JD, Benito I, Casañas JJ, Montesinos ML ( 2020 ) Prenatal treatment with rapamycin restores enhanced hippocampal mGluR-LTD and mushroom spine size in a Down's syndrome mouse model. (multichannelsystems.com)

Chapter 3 extends these results by demonstrating enhancement of synchronization in a hybrid circuit with living postsynaptic neuron. (caltech.edu)
The observed mechanism may play a role in synchronization of hippocampal neural ensembles. (caltech.edu)

These results indicate the Shank1 scaffold takes on an important part in PV+ Harmine FNDC3A hydrochloride neuron-mediated synaptic circuits in hippocampus. (gasyblog.com)

Haloperidol downregulated EAAT2 in cingulate and frontal cortex and reduced EAAT3 in nucleus accumbens, infralimbic cortex and hippocampal CA2. (cshl.edu)

Electrical coupling is also known to be important in the development of hippocampal and neocortical principal cell networks. (degruyter.com)
It is likely that constituent neurons in a cell assembly can be spread over large territories, intermixed with many other neurons ( Wallace and Kerr, 2010 ). (degruyter.com)
The substantia nigra is located in the midbrain and contains the cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons. (123dok.org)
Furshpan E.J., Potter D.D. Seizure-like activity and cellular damage in rat hippocampal neurons in cell culture // Neuron. (kiev.ua)
Neurons that exhibited immunoreactivity against Shank1 antibody in the cell body and dendritic segments were classified as Harmine hydrochloride Shank1-decorated neurons. (gasyblog.com)

This in turn results in increased amplitudes of postsynaptic responses and hence allows the reliable detection of changes in postsynaptic receptor function. (technologynetworks.com)

The locality of the learning rules is key for biological and artificial networks where global information (e.g., task-performance error or activity of distant neurons) may be unavailable or costly to distribute. (nature.com)
Rao A., Craig A.M. Activity regulates the synaptic localization of the NMDA receptor in hippocampal neurons // Neuron. (kiev.ua)

Lensu S, Waselius T, Mäkinen E, Kettunen H, Virtanen A, Tiirola M, Penttonen M, Pekkala S, Nokia MS ( 2020 ) Irradiation of the head reduces adult hippocampal neurogenesis and impairs spatial memory, but leaves overall health intact in rats. (multichannelsystems.com)

The methanol fixation approach a standard process to stain molecules in postsynaptic densities (Kim images and taken at 0.2 - 1 μm depth intervals. (gasyblog.com)

Platinum replica depicting the cytoskeletal organization of dendritic spines in extracted 14 DIV neurons. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Shank1 signals in the dendritic segments of PV+ neurons and in Harmine hydrochloride the region were obtained from the same images (Fig. 1A). (gasyblog.com)

Voytenko and Galazyuk, 2006 ), a process regulated by the number of excitatory vs. inhibitory (E/I) contacts received by a single neuron. (frontiersin.org)

BDNF release can take place from the soma, axons and dendrites of neurons. (circprot.eu)

Delpire E, Austin TM (2010) Kinase regulation of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransport in primary afferent neurons. (yale.edu)

Excitability of individual neurons dictates the overall excitation in specific brain circuits. (frontiersin.org)

Learning speed and detection sensitivity controlled by distinct cortico-fugal neurons in visual cortex. (ucsf.edu)

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