HippocampusNeurogenesisPyramidalNeuronalGranularSynapsesInterneuronsPrincipal neuronsRatsCortexHilusSubgranular zoneControlling dentate granuleExcitatorySubiculumCortical and hippocampalGABAergicInputsTheta oscillationsGlutamatergic neuronsCognitiveApoptosisSynaptic plasticitySparseAstrocyteEmbryonic2017VentralTransgenicGlial cellsSpatial memoryHyperactivityTemporal lobeOrganizationFormationMiceDendriticCellsFunctionallyDegenerationIncreasesProjectionsStimulation
Hippocampus30
- The dentate gyrus (DG) is part of the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe of the brain, which also includes the hippocampus and the subiculum. (wikipedia.org)
- The dentate gyrus, like the hippocampus, consists of three distinct layers: an outer molecular layer, a middle granule cell layer, and an inner polymorphic layer. (wikipedia.org)
- The polymorphic layer is also the hilus of the dentate gyrus (CA4, the junction of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus). (wikipedia.org)
- Excitatory hilar mossy cells (MCs) in the dentate gyrus receive inputs from dentate granule cells (GCs) and project back to GCs locally, contralaterally, and along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, thereby establishing an associative positive-feedback loop and connecting functionally diverse hippocampal areas. (nih.gov)
- The input region of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, plays a critical role in these processes. (frontiersin.org)
- Neurons of the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB) provide an important input to the hippocampus and are critically involved in learning and memory. (jneurosci.org)
- Here, we examined the electrophysiological properties of glutamatergic MS-DBB neurons and tested whether they provide a functional synaptic input to the hippocampus. (jneurosci.org)
- The medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB) is mutually connected with the hippocampus and provides an important input for spatial learning and hippocampal theta rhythm ( Winson, 1978 ). (jneurosci.org)
- As indicated by immunohistochemical analyses, TRAP significantly increased microglial infiltration in the CA1 hippocampus, but decreased astrogliosis in the dentate gyrus. (nature.com)
- X-irradiation of the hippocampus blocked both the neurogenic and behavioral effects of chronic HU210 treatment, suggesting that chronic HU210 treatment produces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects likely via promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis. (jci.org)
- The underlying brain damage includes apoptosis of neurons in the hippocampus and necrosis in the cortex. (biomedcentral.com)
- Whereas in the acute phase of the disease immunoregulatory processes prevail in the hippocampus and the cortex, we observed a strong activation of neurogenic processes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, both by gene expression and immunohistology starting as early as 3 days after infection. (biomedcentral.com)
- Toni N . "Synaptic adhesion molecules regulate the integration of new granule neurons in the postnatal mouse hippocampus and their impact on spatial memory. (chuv.ch)
- In the present study, we wanted to test whether a reduction in functionality of a specific subset of neurons is responsible and sufficient for age-related cognitive decline, and to develop a new mouse model for aging in the hippocampus, a part of the brain that plays an important role for learning and memory. (illinois.edu)
- It was known that the number of somatostatin interneurons in a subregion of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus hilus, is reduced in aged cognitively impaired rodents. (illinois.edu)
- FGL treatment reduced total volume of the dorsal hippocampus (associated with a decrease in total pyramidal neuron numbers in CA1 and CA3), and elevated the number of doublecortin immunolabeled neurons in the dentate gyrus, indicating a likely influence on neurogenesis in young healthy rats. (open.ac.uk)
- The aim of the present study was 1) to investigate hippocampal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and volume with MRI during the course of experimental pneumococcal meningitis, 2) to explore the influence of accompanying bacteremia on hippocampal water distribution and volume, 3) and to correlate these findings to the extent of apoptosis in the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thus, as the hippocampus is essential for learning, memory, and cognitive functions and is intimately involved in the ventricular system, making it a potential site of IVH-induced injury, we determined the molecular basis of the effects of hUCB-derived MSCs on hippocampal neurogenesis and the recovery of hippocampal neural circuits after IVH in a rodent model. (biomedcentral.com)
- For hippocampal synaptic determination, a rat entorhinal-hippocampus (EH) organotypic slice co-culture (OSC) was performed using day 3 post-IVH brains (P7) with or without ICV-MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
- The transgene was expressed in hippocampus and cortex in large pyramidal neurons and in dentate gyrus granule cells. (amsterdamumc.org)
- Neurodegeneration was evaluated by investigating the numbers of hippocampal pyramidal and granule neurons, as well as the number of synaptophysin-immunopositive presynaptic boutons in the hippocampus of 15-month-old SPA4CT mice with design-based stereological techniques. (amsterdamumc.org)
- To date, the only evidence for these receptor dynamics in the hippocampus is from the studies of dissociated neurons and hippocampal slices taken from young animals. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The hippocampus stains for γ 2 and γ 4 throughout the layers of the every CA region and the dentate gyrus, whilst γ 3 appears to be localized particularly to the pyramidal and granule cell bodies. (biomedcentral.com)
- We found that we are able to inflict a consistent and significant lesion to the hippocampus, resulting in hippocampally-dependent behavioral deficits and a long-lasting upregulation in neurogenesis, suggesting that this process might be a critical part of hippocampal recovery. (nih.gov)
- BUT, these drugs do appear to stimulate neurogenesis (the creation of new neurons) in the hippocampus, one of the important brain centers in memory and emotional processing. (blogspot.com)
- Using in vivo and in vitro approaches the present study shows that p21 is expressed in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in early neuronal progenitors and in immature neurons, but not in mature neurons or astroglia. (blogspot.com)
- The molecular layer is continuous with the HIPPOCAMPUS in the hippocampal fissure. (bvsalud.org)
- The granular layer consists of closely arranged spherical or oval neurons, called GRANULE CELLS, whose AXONS pass through the polymorphic layer ending on the DENDRITES of PYRAMIDAL CELLS in the hippocampus. (bvsalud.org)
- 2001. Subchronic dermal application of N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum. (cdc.gov)
- The thalamocingulate radiation then projects to the cingulate gyrus and back to the hippocampus to complete the circuit. (medscape.com)
Neurogenesis20
- However, whether significant neurogenesis exists in the adult human dentate gyrus has been a matter of debate. (wikipedia.org)
- Finally, the dentate gyrus is one of the few brain regions exhibiting adult neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
- In male rats, TRAP significantly increased hippocampal neurogenesis, while in females, TRAP increased granule cell layer width. (nature.com)
- The hippocampal dentate gyrus in the adult mammalian brain contains neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) capable of generating new neurons, i.e., neurogenesis. (jci.org)
- Most drugs of abuse examined to date decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but the effects of cannabis (marijuana or cannabinoids) on hippocampal neurogenesis remain unknown. (jci.org)
- This study aimed at investigating the potential regulatory capacity of the potent synthetic cannabinoid HU210 on hippocampal neurogenesis and its possible correlation with behavioral change. (jci.org)
- We show that both embryonic and adult rat hippocampal NS/PCs are immunoreactive for CB1 cannabinoid receptors, indicating that cannabinoids could act on CB1 receptors to regulate neurogenesis. (jci.org)
- Chronic, but not acute, HU210 treatment promoted neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult rats and exerted anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. (jci.org)
- Although depression has historically been linked to alterations in monoaminergic pharmacology and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, new data increasingly implicate broader forms of dampened plasticity, including plasticity within the cell. (frontiersin.org)
- Depression has historically been considered a disorder of altered pharmacology and altered hippocampal neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
- In this review, we summarize some of the latest knowledge on mitochondrial dysregulation in major depression (depicted in Figure 1 ) and also discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction could instigate downstream changes in extracellular matrix proteins such as reelin, neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS), oxidative stress, and inflammation, and finally adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
- We determined the effects of FGL on hippocampal volume, pyramidal neuron number/density (using unbiased quantitative stereology), and examined aspects of neurogenesis (using 2D morphometric analyses). (open.ac.uk)
- In particular, it has been hypothesised that childhood stress may impact adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and related behaviours, conferring increased risk for later mental illness. (cardiff.ac.uk)
- The molecular mechanism of the MSCs effects on neurogenesis and the attenuation of neuron death was determined by evaluation of BDNF-TrkB-Akt-CREB signaling axis. (biomedcentral.com)
- She was also interested in exploring hippocampal adult neurogenesis along with signalling pathways with potential to improve upon it. (uc.pt)
- During this period Elisabete Ferreiro studied the mitochondrial control of NMDA receptor-dependent calcium rise evoked by amyloid-ß 1-42 oligomers in rat cortical neurons and also evaluated whether hyperglycemia enhances AD pathology by modifying NMDARs signaling and function, and consequently affecting neurogenesis. (uc.pt)
- In 2017 she spent 6 months at the Achucarro Basque Center (Spain), where she extended her knowledge on hippocampal neurogenesis, and consolidate her ollaborations with experts in the field. (uc.pt)
- We posit that angiogenesis may be an important factor that promotes neurogenic upregulation following hippocampal neuronal loss, and both factors, angiogenesis and neurogenesis, can contribute to the adaptive response of the brain for behavioral recovery. (nih.gov)
- The relationships among hippocampal neurogenesis, depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs have generated a considerable amount of controversy. (blogspot.com)
- These results demonstrate the unique role of p21 in the control of neurogenesis, and support the hypothesis that different classes of reuptake inhibitor-type antidepressant drugs all stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis by inhibiting p21 expression. (blogspot.com)
Pyramidal4
- The granule cells of the granule layer project their axons known as mossy fibers to make excitatory synapses on the dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons. (wikipedia.org)
- These are 3-repeat tau-immunopositive bodies predominantly located in granular neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, and layer II of frontal and temporal cortices. (medscape.com)
- It is characterized by pyramidal cell loss in the frontal and temporal lobes and degeneration of motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus and spinal motor neurons. (medscape.com)
- Pyramidal neurons in the premotor cortex usually are preserved. (medscape.com)
Neuronal9
- Importantly, activity recordings at the level of single neurons, neuronal networks or even entire brain regions consistently show hyperexcitability in the early stages of AD (summarized in Table 1 ). (nature.com)
- The results demonstrated that propofol-induced impairment in spatial learning and memory of rats and promoted oxidative stress, neuronal injury and apoptosis in rat hippocampal tissues. (degruyter.com)
- Toni N ., Song H., Ming GL "Tangential migration of neuronal precursors of glutamatergic neurons in the adult mammalian brain", PNAS 2015 July 13. (chuv.ch)
- Neuronal injury in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) expression in the brain tissues were detected using H&E staining, Nissl staining, and Western blot. (bvsalud.org)
- In the TLE rat model, neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus increased and RPL6 expression level decreased. (bvsalud.org)
- Neuronal death was assessed after 7 days by histologic evaluation of the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 sector. (asahq.org)
- In addition, we provide novel evidence of angiogenic and vasculature changes following hippocampal neuronal loss in CaM/Tet-DTA mice. (nih.gov)
- Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)
- Takeda et al have shown that ALS pathology initiated by cytoplasmic inclusions and neuronal loss in layer II-III of the transentorhinal cortex (TEC)-molecular dentate gyrus (DG) projection and subiculum is specific to ALS. (medscape.com)
Granular4
- The oldest granule cells are generated in a specific region of the hippocampal neuroepithelium and migrate into the primordial dentate gyrus around embryonic days (E) 17/18, and then settle as the outermost cells in the forming granular layer. (wikipedia.org)
- To gain insight into the comparative organization of the hippocampal formation in catarrhine primates, we quantified neurons stereologically in its major subdivisions-the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, CA4, CA2-3, CA1, and the subiculum-in archival brain tissue from six chimpanzees ranging from 29 to 43 years of age. (mssm.edu)
- However, the presence 250 mg/kg of chicory increases granular layer thickness of dentate gyrus and number of neurons. (ac.ir)
- La capa granular la constituyen neuronas esféricas u ovales apelotonadas, denominadas CÉLULAS GRANULOSAS, cuyos AXONES atraviesan la capa multiforme para terminar sobre las DENDRITAS de las CÉLULAS PIRAMIDALES en el hipocampo. (bvsalud.org)
Synapses4
- Second, the number of individual neurons and synapses to be represented in the model is huge. (frontiersin.org)
- In this Frontiers Research Topic series of papers, we collect important information about cells, synapses, and microcircuit elements of the dentate gyrus. (frontiersin.org)
- Sanchez-Pascual I., O'Laoi R., El M'Ghari I., Kocher-Braissant J., Ellisman MH, Toni N . "Fine processes of Nestin-GFP positive radial glia-like stem cells in the adult dentate gyrus ensheathe local synapses and vasculature. (chuv.ch)
- To test whether AMPA or NMDAR subunits undergo activity-dependent modifications in adult hippocampal synapses, we induced LTP at perforant path-dentate gyrus (DG) synapses in anesthetized adult rats, using high frequency stimulation (HFS), verified layer-specific Arc induction, and analyzed the distribution of postsynaptic AMPA and NMDAR subunits, using immunogold electron microscopy. (unboundmedicine.com)
Interneurons3
- Interneurons carry information between two other neurons, e.g., principal neurons. (illinois.edu)
- PPS also increased the expression of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in the ventral dentate gyrus and increased glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 expression in the ventral hilus, in males only. (cardiff.ac.uk)
- RESULTS: Reelin mRNA was expressed by layer I neurons, interneurons, and interstitial white matter neurons. (ox.ac.uk)
Principal neurons1
- These results describe for the first time the electrophysiological signatures of glutamatergic MS-DBB neurons, their rhythmic firing properties, and their capacity to drive hippocampal principal neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Rats6
- The granule cell precursors remain in a subgranular zone that becomes progressively thinner as the dentate gyrus grows, but these precursor cells are retained in adult rats. (wikipedia.org)
- Effects of HU210 treatment on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus in adult rats ( n = 5-7 rats in each group). (jci.org)
- A ) Representative microphotographs of the dentate gyrus show BrdU-positive cells clustered or aggregated in the SGZ in rats receiving an acute injection of vehicle or 100 μg/kg of HU210. (jci.org)
- The present study has examined the cellular neurobiological consequences of subcutaneous injections of FGL, on hippocampal cell morphometry in young (4 month-old) rats. (open.ac.uk)
- Calcium currents were recorded in CA1 hippocampal cells from immature (P4-10) and older (P22-55) rats, using whole-cell voltage clamp techniques. (unl.pt)
- However, no differences were observed either in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated d-uracil triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling-positive cells or viable neurons in the cornu ammonis 1 sector or in the neurologic deficit score when comparing surviving transgenic and nontransgenic rats. (asahq.org)
Cortex7
- The trisynaptic circuit consists of excitatory cells (mostly stellate cells) in layer II of the entorhinal cortex, projecting to the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus via the perforant path. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, the dentate gyrus converts input from the entorhinal cortex, where cells have multiple spatial fields, into the spatially more specific place cell activity characteristic of the CA3 region. (frontiersin.org)
- Dentate gyrus granule cells receive excitatory neuron input from the entorhinal cortex and send excitatory output to the hippocampal CA3 region via the mossy fibers. (frontiersin.org)
- The results were correlated to ADC of the cortex, to ventricular volume, and to the extent of hippocampal apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- METHOD: In situ hybridization was used to quantify reelin mRNA in the hippocampal formation and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of brains from 13 subjects with schizophrenia and 12 subjects without schizophrenia. (ox.ac.uk)
- In subjects with schizophrenia, less reelin mRNA was expressed by interstitial white matter neurons in the hippocampal formation and by all three cell types in the prefrontal cortex. (ox.ac.uk)
- Below the cortex are axons, which are long fibers that emanate from and connect neurons. (medscape.com)
Hilus2
- Next, dentate precursor cells move out of this same area of the hippocampal neuroepithelium and, retaining their mitotic capacity, invade the hilus (core) of the forming dentate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)
- A subsection of the hippocampal formation, described by Lorente de No, that composes the hilus of the DENTATE GYRUS. (bvsalud.org)
Subgranular zone1
- Morphological analysis of the dentate gyrus in adulthood revealed a disorganised subgranular zone and a dispersed granule cell layer. (karger.com)
Controlling dentate granule1
- Hilar mossy cell circuitry controlling dentate granule cell excitability. (frontiersin.org)
Excitatory1
- They inhibit and thus fine-tune and sculpt the activity of excitatory neurons. (illinois.edu)
Subiculum2
- In the context of prior investigations of rhesus monkeys and humans, our findings indicate that, in the hippocampal formation as a whole, the proportions of neurons in CA1 and the subiculum progressively increase, and the proportion of dentate granule cells decreases, from rhesus monkeys to chimpanzees to humans. (mssm.edu)
- Because CA1 and the subiculum engender key hippocampal projection pathways to the neocortex, and because the neocortex varies in volume and anatomical organization among these species, these findings suggest that differences in the proportions of neurons in hippocampal subregions of catarrhine primates may be linked to neocortical evolution. (mssm.edu)
Cortical and hippocampal1
- Clinical studies have shown that cortical and hippocampal hyperactivity are a feature shared by patients in the early stages of disease, progressing to hypoactivity during later stages of neurodegeneration. (nature.com)
GABAergic3
- Although cholinergic and GABAergic MS-DBB neurons are known to modulate hippocampal activity, the role of recently described glutamatergic MS-DBB neurons is unknown. (jneurosci.org)
- Remarkably, a significant proportion exhibited fast-firing properties, prominent I h , and rhythmic spontaneous firing at theta frequencies similar to those found in GABAergic MS-DBB neurons. (jneurosci.org)
- Cholinergic and GABAergic neurons are well known to exist in the MS-DBB, and their intrinsic properties have been described in detail. (jneurosci.org)
Inputs1
- The dentate gyrus receives no direct inputs from other cortical structures. (wikipedia.org)
Theta oscillations2
- Our findings suggest that the glutamatergic septohippocampal pathway may play an important role in hippocampal theta oscillations and relevant cognitive functions. (jneurosci.org)
- Altogether, we recorded and identified 47 active neurons during urethane theta-oscillations (n=19), awake head-fixation (n=4) and free-behavior (n=24) ( Figure 1D ). (elifesciences.org)
Glutamatergic neurons3
- To visualize the glutamatergic neurons, we used MS-DBB slices from transgenic mice in which the green fluorescent protein is expressed specifically by vesicular glutamate transporter 2-positive neurons and characterized their properties using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. (jneurosci.org)
- However, key questions remain as to whether the glutamatergic neurons can be distinguished from other MS-DBB neurons electrophysiologically, which hippocampal cell types they target, and the functional consequence of this projection. (jneurosci.org)
- In addition, given that many MS-DBB neurons fire rhythmically in theta-range frequencies in vivo , it is unknown whether glutamatergic neurons participate in this rhythmic activity. (jneurosci.org)
Cognitive4
- If this chemogenetic inhibition would lead to cognitive decline, this would establish a causal relationship between a decrease in the functioning of these neurons and age-related changes in cognition. (illinois.edu)
- A cell adhesion mimetic FGL, a 15 amino-acid peptide derived from the second fibronectin type-III module of NCAM, has been shown to act as a neuroprotective agent in experimental disease and ageing models, restoring hippocampal/cognitive function and markedly alleviating deleterious changes in the CNS. (open.ac.uk)
- This common neurodegenerative disease is clinically characterized by a progressive and gradual cognitive impairment, synapse loss, and substantial loss of neurons in later stages. (biomedcentral.com)
- Patients with motor neuron disease (MND) are generally free of cognitive impairment, but evidence is growing to support an association between MND and frontal lobe or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). (medscape.com)
Apoptosis1
- We also investigated the influence of accompanying bacteremia on the observed MRI based measurements and the extent of hippocampal apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Synaptic plasticity1
- Stress in utero can lead to impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and stress in the first 2-3 weeks of life reduces AHN in animal models. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Sparse3
- Finally, the dentate gyrus produces a very sparse coding scheme in which only a very small fraction of neurons are active at any one time. (frontiersin.org)
- Our data thus support a sparse coding scheme in the dentate gyrus and provide a possible link between structural and functional heterogeneity among the GC population. (elifesciences.org)
- The dentate gyrus (DG) is among the most sparse networks known to date. (elifesciences.org)
Astrocyte1
- The neurons and astrocyte cells numbers in dentate gyrus were investigated, using histological examination. (ac.ir)
Embryonic1
- This hypothesis is supported by further findings that HU210 promotes proliferation, but not differentiation, of cultured embryonic hippocampal NS/PCs likely via a sequential activation of CB1 receptors, Gi/o proteins, and ERK signaling. (jci.org)
20171
- Neuron 2017 Feb 8 93(3). (chuv.ch)
Ventral2
- Most lateral views of the dentate gyrus may appear to suggest a structure consisting of just one entity, but medial movement may provide evidence of the ventral and dorsal parts of the dentate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)
- Specifically males showed reduced production of new neurons following PPS, but increased survival in the ventral dentate gyrus. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Transgenic1
Glial cells1
- Neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are indispensable regulators for the survival of glial cells and neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) [ 13 ]. (degruyter.com)
Spatial memory1
- In the dentate gyrus - a key component of spatial memory circuits - granule cells (GCs) are known to be morphologically diverse and to display heterogeneous activity profiles during behavior. (elifesciences.org)
Hyperactivity1
- These include hyperactivity in the dentate gyrus, a reduction in the amount of somatostatin in the dentate gyrus (most likely due to the inhibited cells no longer expressing this marker), and increased microglial activation. (illinois.edu)
Temporal lobe1
- Signs and symptoms reflect frontal and temporal lobe dysfunction with lower motor neuron-type weakness, muscle atrophy, and fasciculations. (medscape.com)
Organization5
- Connectomics and lamellar organization of the dentate gyrus ( Sloviter and Lømo, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Ideally, the dentate gyrus may serve as a blueprint, helping neuroscientists to define strategies to analyze network organization of other brain regions. (frontiersin.org)
- The focus of my postdoctoral work was to sort out the anatomical organization of the dopamine and noradrenaline neuron systems in the brain using the new glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method. (lu.se)
- 2. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: The organization of the ascending catecholamine neuron systems in the rat brain as revealed by the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method. (lu.se)
- 7. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: Organization of catecholamine neurons in the rat central nervous system. (lu.se)
Formation3
- The dentate gyrus is part of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit and is thought to contribute to the formation of new episodic memories, the spontaneous exploration of novel environments and other functions. (wikipedia.org)
- The granule cells in the dentate gyrus are distinguished by their late time of formation during brain development. (wikipedia.org)
- The hippocampal formation is important for higher brain functions such as spatial navigation and the consolidation of memory, and it contributes to abilities thought to be uniquely human, yet little is known about how the human hippocampal formation compares to that of our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees. (mssm.edu)
Mice3
- It is now well-established that the hippocampal CA2 region plays an important role in social recognition memory in adult mice. (researchgate.net)
- In the current study, the researchers used mice genetically engineered to "knock down" or eliminate TRIP8b in Ent neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Ent neurons in those mice were more likely to fire, and produced new hippocampal neurons at a faster rate. (neurosciencenews.com)
Dendritic3
- Primary dendritic parameters were sufficient for classifying neurons as active or silent with high accuracy. (elifesciences.org)
- We were also the first to identify and map the dopaminergic projections to the habenula and the spinal cord, and reveal the special dendritic projections from the nigra compacta neurons that allow dopamine to be released from dendrites in the pars reticulata. (lu.se)
- 4. Björklund, A., Lindvall, O.: Dopamine in dendrites of substantia nigra neurons: suggestions for a role in dendritic terminals. (lu.se)
Cells9
- The granule cells are tightly packed together in a laminated manner that dampens the excitability of neurons. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, the dentate gyrus contains ~1 million granule cells in rodents, and ~10 million in humans. (frontiersin.org)
- B ) There was no significant difference in the average number of BrdU-stained cells in the dentate gyrus per section following 1 dose of acute vehicle, 100 and 25 μg/kg of HU210, and 3 mg/kg of AM281. (jci.org)
- C ) Representative microphotographs of the dentate gyrus show that twice-daily injections of 100 μg/kg of HU210 for 10 days apparently increased the density of BrdU-positive cells in the SGZ relative to chronic vehicle injection. (jci.org)
- D ) Relative to vehicle injection, there was a significant increase in the number of BrdU-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus following chronic treatment with 100 μg/kg of HU210, but not 25 μg/kg of HU210 or 3 mg/kg of AM281. (jci.org)
- Gebara E., Bonaguidi M., Beckervordersandforth R., Sultan S., Udry F., Gijs P., Lie C., Ming G., Song H., Toni N . "Morpho-functional characterization of adult neural hippocampal stem cells reveals two morphotypes of radial glia-like cells. (chuv.ch)
- Braun S., Moss J., Toni N. , Jessberger S. "Programming hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells into oligodendrocytes enhances remyelination in the adult brain after injury" Cell Reports , 2015 Jun 23;11(11):1679-85. (chuv.ch)
- In appendix, there is corroboration that DRG-infiltrating unaffected cells present to unbidden activity of injured neurons. (daubnet.com)
- In the retina, a more complicated regulatory network among microglia, retinal neurons, retinal ganglial cells, retinal pigment epithelium, and other immune effector cells by exosomes are responsible for the elaborate modulation of tissue homeostasis under physical state and the widespread propagation of neuroinflammation and its consequent neurodegeneration in glaucoma pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Functionally1
- Thus, new neurons are generated and functionally integrated throughout life. (frontiersin.org)
Degeneration1
- Data now suggest that delocalization, accumulation, and ubiquitination of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of motor neurons are early dysfunctions in the cascade of the events leading to motor neuron degeneration in ALS. (medscape.com)
Increases1
- Yun identified a protein in the Ent-hippocampal pathway, called TRIP8b, that increases during stress, and inhibits cell firing. (neurosciencenews.com)