• To relate full-length HD gene expression and differential polyglutamine expansion with possible pathophysiological changes in salient electrophysiological properties of neurons that may underlie early symptoms of HD, including mood and cognitive impairments, we have conducted whole-cell recordings from hippocampal area CA1 pyramidal cells in Hdh6/Q72 and Hdh4/Q80 knock-in mice. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, the excitatory effects of low-level lead exposure on action potential (AP) firing of pyramidal neurons in CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices and the pathway through which lead induced these effects were studied with conventional whole-cell recording. (nih.gov)
  • Five micromolar lead could not change the excitability of pyramidal neurons when slices were perfused with calcium-free ACSF. (nih.gov)
  • In the present experiments, we used the highly selective AMPA receptor antagonist LY 303070 to pharmacologically isolate KA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons and tested their sensitivity to ethanol. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These results suggest that in addition to its well-described depressant effect on NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, ethanol has an even greater inhibitory effect on glutamatergic synaptic transmission mediated by KA receptors in rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Action potential waveforms and miniature excitatory synaptic currents recorded in CA1 pyramidal neurons were unaffected by ant?134. (cureepilepsy.org)
  • When hippocampal pyramidal neurons are grown in culture they develop excitatory synaptic contacts. (northwestern.edu)
  • Abele, AE & Miller, RJ 1990, ' Potassium channel activators abolish excitotoxicity in cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons ', Neuroscience Letters , vol. 115, no. 2-3, pp. 195-200. (northwestern.edu)
  • GABAergic protection of hippocampal pyramidal neurons against glutamate insult: deficit in young animals compared to adults. (unm.edu)
  • Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury in neonatal animals leads to selective regional loss of neurons including CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus as well as nonlethal pathologies. (unm.edu)
  • We examined glutamate-evoked Ca2+ responses in neonatal (PN 7-13) and young adult (PN 21-27) CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute slices from rats. (unm.edu)
  • Weanalyzed the migratory profile of neurons in the developing mouse hippocampal CA1 region and found that the hippocampal pyramidal neurons generated near the ventricle became postmitotic multipolar cells and accumulated in the multipolar cell accumulation zone (MAZ) in the late stage of development. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The hippocampal neurons passed through the pyramidal layer by a unique mode of migration. (elsevierpure.com)
  • I GABA was measured on isolated pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus, using the patch clamp technique and fast application system. (annaly-nevrologii.com)
  • ATP7A increases in CA2 hippocampal pyramidal and cerebellar Purkinje neurons but decreases in other cell populations postnatally. (medscape.com)
  • In particular, TMT targets hippocampal pyramidal neurons in CA3 and CA1. (cdc.gov)
  • It is characterized by pyramidal cell loss in the frontal and temporal lobes and degeneration of motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus and spinal motor neurons. (medscape.com)
  • Pyramidal neurons in the premotor cortex usually are preserved. (medscape.com)
  • These are 3-repeat tau-immunopositive bodies predominantly located in granular neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, and layer II of frontal and temporal cortices. (medscape.com)
  • This chapter introduces the main neuronal types (principal cells and interneurons) of the hippocampal formation (hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and subiculum) and places those cells in a neuroanatomical, neurochemical, neurophysiological, and overall functional context. (iomcworld.org)
  • The principal neurons of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and closely associated entorhinal cortex form a relatively simple cross-sectional trisynaptic neurocircuit. (iomcworld.org)
  • Despite these discrepancies, it is generally believed that the adult human hippocampus continues to generate new neurons. (nature.com)
  • In the monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) hippocampus, proliferation of neurons in the subgranular zone was found in early postnatal life, but this diminished during juvenile development as neurogenesis decreased. (nature.com)
  • We conclude that recruitment of young neurons to the primate hippocampus decreases rapidly during the first years of life, and that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus does not continue, or is extremely rare, in adult humans. (nature.com)
  • Medial septal GABAergic neurons of the basal forebrain innervate the hippocampus and related cortical areas, contributing to the coordination of network activity, such as theta oscillations and sharp wave-ripple events, via a preferential innervation of GABAergic interneurons. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These results demonstrate that specialized septal GABAergic neurons contribute to the coordination of network activity through parallel, target area- and cell type-selective projections to the hippocampus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the hippocampal encoding/retrieval (HIPER) model, episodic encoding is found to take place within the rostral region of the hippocampus whereas retrieval takes place in the caudal region. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the metabolically disordered rats who did not get NMN, there was a 40% reduction in the CA1 neurons in the hippocampus. (prohealth.com)
  • Despite the importance of hippocampal functions, recent analyses of neuronal migration have mainly been performed on the cerebral neocortex, and the cellular mechanisms responsible for the formation of the hippocampus are not yet completely understood. (elsevierpure.com)
  • As a result, the ROS and MDA levels were significantly increased, which leads to the neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus. (hindawi.com)
  • The hippocampus neuron oxidative stress and apoptosis were both decreased compared to untrained HFD group, which finally improved cognitive function of HFD mice. (hindawi.com)
  • SIRT3 is an important regulator that mediates neuroprotective effect of AIT in HFD individual via the antioxidative MnSOD in hippocampus neurons. (hindawi.com)
  • Automated high content image analysis of dendritic arborization in primary mouse hippocampal and rat cortical neurons in culture. (escholarship.org)
  • The new functions for assessing dendritic morphology were validated using primary mouse hippocampal and rat cortical neurons transfected with a fluorescently tagged MAP2 cDNA construct. (escholarship.org)
  • The hippocampal formation is a phylogenetically primitive cortical complex located in the temporal lobe of humans and in the caudal portion of rodent forebrain. (iomcworld.org)
  • QPS Neuropharmacology provides several cell culture models for MPP+ induced Parkinsonism, as primary cortical neurons (Figure), primary rat TH neurons, SH-SY5Y and many more. (qpsneuro.com)
  • Recombinant human α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils can be used to evaluate seeding properties and induce toxicity on primary cortical neurons in vitro . (qpsneuro.com)
  • While monomeric human α-syn has no impact on cell viability, preformed wild type and A53T human α-syn fibrils have toxic effects on primary cortical neurons. (qpsneuro.com)
  • Only A53T α-syn fibrils of the tested isotypes show seeding properties in cortical neurons (Fig.1B). (qpsneuro.com)
  • Toxicity (A) as well as seeding (B) properties of different preformed recombinant human α-syn species (Stressmarq) on mouse primary cortical neurons. (qpsneuro.com)
  • OFF-dominated cortical neurons in cats responded ∼3 ms faster to visual stimuli than ON-dominated cortical neurons, and dark-mediated suppression in ON-dominated neurons peaked ∼14 ms faster than light-mediated suppression in OFF-dominated neurons. (zotero.org)
  • Understanding the mechanism by which the brain’s hundred billion neurons and hundred trillion synapses manage to produce such a range of cortical configurations in a flexible manner remains a fundamental problem in neuroscience. (zotero.org)
  • Individual medial septal neurons display diverse activity patterns, which may be related to their termination in different cortical areas and/or to the different types of innervated interneurons. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To test these hypotheses, we extracellularly recorded and juxtacellularly labeled single medial septal neurons in anesthetized rats in vivo during hippocampal theta and ripple oscillations, traced their axons to distant cortical target areas, and analyzed their postsynaptic interneurons. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta receptor activation inhibits N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-evoked currents in hippocampal and cortical neurons via the activation of phospholipase Cgamma, PKC, the release of intracellular calcium, and a rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. (unh.edu)
  • Lindvall, allowed for the first time the visualisation of the dopamine neuron system in its entirety, and allowed us to map anatomically the previously unknown dopamine projections to cortical and limbic areas. (lu.se)
  • GAD65-EGFP expressing neurons are enriched in the dentate gyrus and a band of EGFP is present in the inner dentate molecular layer. (ucsd.edu)
  • We also find that the number of proliferating progenitors and young neurons in the dentate gyrus declines sharply during the first year of life and only a few isolated young neurons are observed by 7 and 13 years of age. (nature.com)
  • n = 12 surgical resection samples from patients with epilepsy), young neurons were not detected in the dentate gyrus. (nature.com)
  • The early decline in hippocampal neurogenesis raises questions about how the function of the dentate gyrus differs between humans and other species in which adult hippocampal neurogenesis is preserved. (nature.com)
  • To gain insight into the comparative organization of the hippocampal formation in catarrhine primates, we quantified neurons stereologically in its major subdivisions-the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, CA4, CA2-3, CA1, and the subiculum-in archival brain tissue from six chimpanzees ranging from 29 to 43 years of age. (mssm.edu)
  • Finally, the dentate gyrus produces a very sparse coding scheme in which only a very small fraction of neurons are active at any one time. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dentate gyrus granule cells receive excitatory neuron input from the entorhinal cortex and send excitatory output to the hippocampal CA3 region via the mossy fibers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Losmapimod effectively improved memory, reduced the frequency of seizures, protected the neuron from damage, and limited the apoptosis of neurons in epilepsy rats. (frontiersin.org)
  • Altman, J. & Das, G. D. Autoradiographic and histological evidence of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. (nature.com)
  • To fill this gap, we studied here functional parameters of synaptic vesicle recycling in hippocampal cultures from male and female rats, which are a standard model system for many laboratories. (mbexc.de)
  • Researchers analyzed several biomarkers and cognitive tests before and after inducing rats with a metabolic disorder, finding that these rats had significantly higher hippocampal glucose and glutamate levels, with reduced levels of the antioxidant glutathione. (prohealth.com)
  • The rats also experienced memory deficits and significant decreases in hippocampal CA1 neurons, which are necessary for the formation, consolidation, and retrieval of memories. (prohealth.com)
  • In rats with NMN supplementation, both the volume and number of hippocampal CA1 neurons were increased significantly, thereby reversing the metabolic-related decline in neuronal health. (prohealth.com)
  • Here, we examined in male rats whether acute exposure (7-9 days) to HFD during juvenility [from postnatal day (PND) 21 to PND 28-30] or adulthood (from PND 60 to PND 67-69) is sufficient to affect hippocampal functions and whether it is also dependent on GRs activation. (nature.com)
  • Immunostaining of Western-blots using HRP-conjugated anti-rat IgG confirmed the presence of antibodies, against purified proteins or hippocampal homogenates, in sera of rats exposed to TMT. (cdc.gov)
  • RESULTS: In healthy Wistar rats, we find intracellular Aβ42 (iAβ42) in neurons throughout the brain at all ages, but levels vary greatly between brain regions. (lu.se)
  • In the context of prior investigations of rhesus monkeys and humans, our findings indicate that, in the hippocampal formation as a whole, the proportions of neurons in CA1 and the subiculum progressively increase, and the proportion of dentate granule cells decreases, from rhesus monkeys to chimpanzees to humans. (mssm.edu)
  • The hippocampal formation is important for higher brain functions such as spatial navigation and the consolidation of memory, and it contributes to abilities thought to be uniquely human, yet little is known about how the human hippocampal formation compares to that of our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees. (mssm.edu)
  • We have developed antibodies that recognize all AMPA or all NMDA receptor variants on the surface of living neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using these antibodies, in conjunction with GluR2-specific and synaptophysin antibodies, we have directly localized and quantified surface-expressed native AMPA and NMDA receptors on cultured living hippocampal neurons during development. (jneurosci.org)
  • Immunocytochemical analysis of hippocampal neurons between 3 and 20 d in vitro shows no change in the proportion of synapses expressing NMDA receptors (∼60%) but a dramatic increase (∼50%) in the proportion of them that also express AMPA receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • Ethanol significantly inhibited NMDA EPSCs in these neurons, but these responses were less sensitive to ethanol than KA EPSCs. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Using NR2B- and NR2A-specific antagonists, we demonstrate that PDGF-BB treatment preferentially inhibits NR2B-containing NMDA receptor currents in CA1 hippocampal neurons and enhances long-term depression in an NR2B subunit-dependent manner. (unh.edu)
  • Benveniste M., Mayer M.L. Trapping of glutamate and glycine during open channel block of rat hippocampal neuron NMDA receptors by 9-aminoacridine. (annaly-nevrologii.com)
  • Schlief et al found that copper is protective and copper chelation exacerbates NMDA-mediated excitotoxic cell death in hippocampal neurons. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, treatment of hippocampal slices or cultures with PDGF-BB decreases the surface localization of NR2B but not of NR2A subunits. (unh.edu)
  • in this study we have used immunolabeling techniques and confocal microscopy to investigate agonist-induced internalization and trafficking of CB1 receptors in rat cultured hippocampal neurons. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 2014 ). Consequently, abnormalities in this pathway are disastrous, inducing various carcinomas such as colorectal cancer as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron diseases (Corcoran et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • Patients with motor neuron disease (MND) are generally free of cognitive impairment, but evidence is growing to support an association between MND and frontal lobe or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). (medscape.com)
  • Worldwide, frontotemporal lobe dementia with motor neuron disease (FTD/MND) is a sporadic condition with an unknown etiology. (medscape.com)
  • Data now suggest that delocalization, accumulation, and ubiquitination of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of motor neurons are early dysfunctions in the cascade of the events leading to motor neuron degeneration in ALS. (medscape.com)
  • Signs and symptoms reflect frontal and temporal lobe dysfunction with lower motor neuron-type weakness, muscle atrophy, and fasciculations. (medscape.com)
  • The highest levels are in neurons of entorhinal cortex layer II, alongside hippocampal neurons at the CA1/subiculum border. (lu.se)
  • To investigate the possible contribution of cannabinoid receptor-mediated deficits in hippocampal function to the learning and memory impairments produced by marijuana, we studied the effects of cannabinoid receptor activation on two models of learning and memory, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), in hippocampal slices. (mediccanna.com)
  • Because CA1 and the subiculum engender key hippocampal projection pathways to the neocortex, and because the neocortex varies in volume and anatomical organization among these species, these findings suggest that differences in the proportions of neurons in hippocampal subregions of catarrhine primates may be linked to neocortical evolution. (mssm.edu)
  • Hippocampal neurons isolated from VPA animals showed resistance to glutamate-induced synapse remodeling in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro assessment of α-syn preformed fibrils on mouse primary neurons. (qpsneuro.com)
  • This pathology can be modeled in experimental animals by the administration of MPTP (1-metyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine), a neurotoxin which is converted in the brain into MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) by the enzyme MAO-B a toxin which selectively destroys DA neurons and causes anatomical, behavioral, and biochemical changes similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease. (qpsneuro.com)
  • Medial septal GABAergic neurons exhibiting different hippocampal theta phase preferences and/or sharp wave-ripple related activity terminated in restricted hippocampal regions, and selectively targeted a limited number of interneuron types, as established on the basis of molecular markers. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Platelet-derived growth factor selectively inhibits NR2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in CA1 hippocampal neurons. (unh.edu)
  • We now show that NO synthase neurons are selectively spared in patients with Alzheimer's disease, even in a severely affected region of the brain such as the hippocampal formation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, featuring an enduring predisposition to epileptic seizures due to hyperexcitability and hypersynchrony in brain neurons (Devinsky et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • Brain function relies on communication between large populations of neurons across multiple brain areas, a full understanding of which would require knowledge of the time-varying activity of all neurons in the central nervous system. (zotero.org)
  • Here we use light-sheet microscopy to record activity, reported through the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G, from the entire volume of the brain of the larval zebrafish in vivo at 0.8 Hz, capturing more than 80% of all neurons at single-cell resolution. (zotero.org)
  • Demonstrating how this technique can be used to reveal functionally defined circuits across the brain, we identify two populations of neurons with correlated activity patterns. (zotero.org)
  • A strong focus on sex-related differences has arisen recently in neurobiology, but most investigations focus on brain function in vivo, ignoring common experimental models like cultured neurons. (mbexc.de)
  • The focus of my postdoctoral work was to sort out the anatomical organization of the dopamine and noradrenaline neuron systems in the brain using the new glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method. (lu.se)
  • 2. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: The organization of the ascending catecholamine neuron systems in the rat brain as revealed by the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method. (lu.se)
  • These functions allow users to select specific populations of neurons as a training set for subsequent automated selection of labeled neurons in high-density cultures. (escholarship.org)
  • Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)
  • Spatio-temporal specialization of GABAergic septo-hippocampal neurons for rhythmic network activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These findings suggest that neurodegenerative secondary Ca2+ events may be important determinants of susceptibility to HI injury in the developing CNS and that immature CA1 neurons may be more susceptible to excitotoxic injury due at least in part to insufficient development of GABAergic inputs to their dendrites. (unm.edu)
  • After neuronal injury, PDGFbeta receptors and PDGF-BB are up-regulated and PDGFbeta receptor activation is neuroprotective against glutamate-induced neuronal damage in cultured neurons. (unh.edu)
  • Border ownership is signaled by a class of V2 neurons, even though its value depends on information coming from well outside their classical receptive fields. (zotero.org)
  • In the model, neurons have spatially local classical receptive fields, are tuned to orientation, and receive information (from V1) about the location and orientation of borders. (zotero.org)
  • Despite the overall increase in firing, by 6 weeks, thalamocortical neurons display degraded receptive fields, with decreased responses to adjacent whiskers. (cdc.gov)
  • PD involves the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons. (qpsneuro.com)
  • We were also the first to identify and map the dopaminergic projections to the habenula and the spinal cord, and reveal the special dendritic projections from the nigra compacta neurons that allow dopamine to be released from dendrites in the pars reticulata. (lu.se)
  • c Quantification of MAP-2 dendritic area revealed that neurons for both experimental groups remodeled their dendritic tree after glutamate exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • d SYN puncta number quantification depicted a reduction in neurons from control animals in response to glutamate exposure which was absent in neurons from VPA animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Significance: These results demonstrate that inhibition of microRNA 134 confers a seizure?protective effect without obvious interference with hippocampal neuronal properties or network function. (cureepilepsy.org)
  • We found that 48-72 hours after cardiac arrest, thalamocortical neurons demonstrate significantly elevated firing rates both during spontaneous activity and in response to whisker deflections. (cdc.gov)
  • Compared to manual or semi-automated analyses of dendritic arborization, the new functions increase throughput while significantly decreasing researcher bias associated with neuron selection, tracing, and thresholding. (escholarship.org)
  • In contrast, neurons that were active during sharp wave-ripples increased their firing significantly during "theta" compared to "non-theta" states, with most firing during the ascending phase of theta oscillations. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Antibodies that recognize extracellular epitopes and can thus label iGluRs on living neurons are important tools for the study of receptor localization and dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our data thus define a novel signaling mechanism that differentially regulates KRas and HRas localization and activity in neurons. (rupress.org)
  • In humans, rapid hippocampal development continues over the first two postnatal years, reflected in gross anatomical changes 18 . (nature.com)
  • Immature doublecortin-positive hippocampal neurons are important for learning but not for remembering. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dr. Andrew Moore captured this stunning video of neurons in an embryonic rat using a confocal microscope and fluorescent actin (Lifeact-EFGP) and is part of a larger experiment that set out to observe actin dynamics during neurite outgrowth. (nikonsmallworld.com)
  • This movie was a combination of efforts which began with the transient transfection of a fluorescent actin sensor in to the neuron. (nikonsmallworld.com)
  • In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival. (lu.se)
  • Increased Physiological GDNF Levels Have No Effect on Dopamine Neuron Protection and Restoration in a Proteasome Inhibition Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease OPEN ACCESS eNeuro. (lu.se)
  • However, analyzing dendritic morphology is challenging, particularly in cultures with high cell density, and manual methods of selecting neurons and tracing dendritic arbors can introduce significant bias, and are labor-intensive. (escholarship.org)
  • g-j glutamate plus CNQX n = 30 neurons, i, j MK-801 n = 25 neurons, from 3 independent cultures). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless, the general network activity of the neurons was similar, and only small differences could be found when stimulating the cultures. (mbexc.de)
  • h, j Pre-treatment with MK-801 prevented glutamate induced SYN puncta reduction in control neurons and showed no effect in neurons from VPA animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NO‐synthesizing neurons are, however, resistant to NO‐ and glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Repeated glutamate exposures in the adult neurons also led to secondary Ca2+ responses, but they arose in the peri-somatic region and then spread outward to distal apical dendrites, again without recovery. (unm.edu)
  • More stimuli were required to initiate secondary responses in neurons from adult versus neonates. (unm.edu)
  • Figure 4: The SGZ forms during macaque development but new neurons are rare in adults. (nature.com)
  • To test this idea, we studied single neurons in macaque monkey intermediate visual (area V4) and somatosensory (area SII) cortex, using matched shape stimuli. (zotero.org)
  • An extra-hippocampal structure, the septum, initiates and regulates the theta rhythm and its associated memory processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A few studies have addressed morphological differences between male and female neurons in culture, but very few works focused on functional aspects, and especially on presynaptic function. (mbexc.de)
  • Langat virus infection affects hippocampal neuron morphology and function in mice without disease signs. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Spatial memory is highly dependent on hippocampal function. (prohealth.com)
  • In the nervous system, mitochondria SIRT3 deficiency would affect the normal function of the neuron [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • the resulting damage triggers a cascade of changes that lead to impaired hippocampal function. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In neonates, transient exposure to glutamate produced large Ca2+ increases throughout neurons, including distal dendrites (primary Ca2+ responses). (unm.edu)
  • In neurons from adults, identical glutamate exposure evoked primary Ca2+ responses only in somata and proximal apical dendrites. (unm.edu)
  • We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)
  • These results provide evidence for excitatory neurotoxicity of low-level lead exposure, contribution of T-type VDCC in the entrance of lead into neurons, and a possible involvement of calcium flux alteration during APs in this excitatory neurotoxicity. (nih.gov)
  • We have previously shown that long-term exposure (8-12 weeks) to high-fat diet (HFD) during adolescence (from weaning to adulthood), but not at adulthood, was associated with altered amygdala and hippocampal functions. (nature.com)
  • These results suggest that acute exposure to HFD during juvenility is sufficient to impair hippocampal functions in a GR-dependent manner. (nature.com)
  • Interestingly, this effect depends on the developmental period studied as acute exposure to HFD at adulthood did not impair, but rather enhanced, hippocampal functions. (nature.com)
  • The article is titled, "Imaging Patients With Psychosis and a Mouse Model Establishes a Spreading Pattern of Hippocampal Dysfunction and Implicates Glutamate as a Driver. (medscape.com)