Hindlimb muscles membranes skeletal muscle contractions. Medical search. Frequent questions

These studies in the mdx mouse demonstrate that oral administration of SMT022357 leads to increased utrophin expression in skeletal, respiratory and cardiac muscles. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
and cardiac muscles. (vdocuments.net)

Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) is a member of the Ly-6 multigene family encoding highly homologous, glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins. (plos.org)
To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)
Exercise promotes the formation of intracellular junctions in skeletal muscle between stacks of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) cisternae and extensions of transverse-tubules (TT) that increase co-localization of proteins required for store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE). (elifesciences.org)
In the cells that perform exhibit viral proteins, these proteins are internalised upon antibody addition through an extremely effective and fast procedure leading to FIPV-infected cells without aesthetically detectable viral proteins on the plasma membrane [3]. (conferencedequebec.org)
Muscle movement: Muscle are made up of two kind of contractile proteins -Actin & Myosin, which are helpful in locomotion. (studymaterialkota.com)
However, a variety of other markers are also commonly used, including measures of muscle function and muscle power, muscle soreness, the cytokine response, the presence of circulating muscle proteins, and the immune cell response. (springeropen.com)

We use two approaches, muscle birefringence and muscle actin expression, to quantify muscle damage and show that the dmd -MO dystrophic phenotype closely resembles the zebrafish dmd mutant phenotype. (plos.org)
First, we characterized the FDB phenotype and provide reference comparisons to skeletal muscles commonly used in the field. (biomedcentral.com)

citation needed] Sarcopenia is defined as loss of muscle tissue as a natural part of the aging process. (wikipedia.org)
A longitudinal study on the age-related changes in muscle strength, quality, and inter muscular fat showed an increase in adipose tissue infiltration of mid thigh skeletal muscle in both men and women ranging between 70 and 79 years-old during a 5-year period. (wikipedia.org)
The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. (karger.com)
Skeletal muscle is a complex tissue composed of thousands of individual multinucleated myofibers. (arvojournals.org)
In this paper, we discuss the current available information about the role that different phenotypes of macrophages plays after injury and during the remodelling phase in different tissue types, with particular attention to the skeletal muscle. (hindawi.com)
Investigators currently employ a variety of established methods for answering such questions, but are often experimentally hampered by unique inherent heterogeneity between muscle groups and cells within the same muscle tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate early rehabilitation paradigms of passive range of motion and electrical stimulation in isolation or combination to understand the genetic and functional response in the tissue remaining after a multi-muscle VML injury. (biomedcentral.com)
With no current surgical or rehabilitative standard of care to address the soft tissue loss, VML injures are left to follow the natural sequela of injury that ultimately results in the replacement of contractile skeletal muscle with non-contractile pathologic fibrotic tissue [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MSCs can be isolated from a range of tissues, but the most commonly cited sources are bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, muscle, bone, and perinatal tissues (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
A tendon or sinew is a tough band of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone . (handwiki.org)
More importantly, the small amount of tissue obtained from a muscle biopsy may not accurately reflect the damage across the whole muscle. (springeropen.com)

Upon modulation of utrophin protein with the second-generation utrophin modulator SMT022357, in-vivo models of DMD showed significantly improved muscle stability and a marked reduction of the muscle regeneration, necrosis and fibrosis that are at the core of DMD pathology. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
This addressed the primary cause of fiber degeneration and increased muscle stability in hind-limb muscles of the mdx mouse, which resulted in reduced regeneration and necrosis, enhanced protection of the muscle against contraction-induced damage and improved muscle function. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
During hindlimb muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin-mediated injury, the Snai3 null mice exhibited efficient regeneration. (plos.org)
To determine whether the Snai3 gene functions redundantly with the Snai1 gene during skeletal muscle regeneration, we performed hindlimb muscle regeneration in mice with skeletal muscle-specific deletion of the Snai1 gene on a Snai3 null genetic background. (plos.org)
These mice also exhibited efficient regeneration, demonstrating that there is no major role for the Snai1 and Snai3 genes in regulating skeletal muscle regeneration in mice. (plos.org)
1 2 Residing outside the sarcolemma but within the basal lamina of individual myofibers is a population of cells that are responsible for muscle repair and regeneration, the satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)
6 These manipulations result in satellite cell activation and proliferation, which in turn are responsible for muscle repair and regeneration. (arvojournals.org)

Collectively this work provides evidence of genetic and functional plasticity in the remaining skeletal muscle with early rehabilitation approaches, which may facilitate future evidenced-based practice of early rehabilitation at the clinical level. (biomedcentral.com)

In most cases, the disease is autosomal dominantly inherited and the patients often have a mutation in genes encoding the muscle contraction apparatus. (biomedcentral.com)

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the functional contact (synapse) between an axon of motor neuron and muscle fiber. (intechopen.com)
In mammals and many higher vertebrates, each muscle fiber typically has a single synaptic site innervated by a single motor axon branch. (intechopen.com)
Both C760R and G607S knock-in mouse embryos showed similar axonal arborization defects with normal trajectory patterns from the spinal cord to the target hindlimb muscles, as well as axon guidance defects of the abducens nerves. (biomedcentral.com)
Fusimotor axons originate either from gamma motor neurons (γ-MNs), which only innervate intrafusal fibers of the muscle spindle, or from alpha motor neurons (α-MNs), which innervate extrafusal muscle and also send a β-skeletofusimotor collateral axon to innervate the muscle spindle [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

All these improvements combine to protect the mdx muscle from contraction-induced damage and enhance physiological function. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Shortening, lengthening, and SSCs were performed under physiological boundary conditions with 85% of the maximum shortening velocity and stretch-shortening magnitudes of 18% of the optimum muscle length. (frontiersin.org)
We found that recovery was incomplete in aged mice relative to their younger treatment matched counterparts based on gross behavioral measures and physiological recordings from the animals' gastrocnemius (GC) muscles, despite muscle reinnervation by surviving MNs. (biomedcentral.com)

So, according to numerous studies, not only ACh (which by the way does not always lead to a contraction of the muscle fiber) is released in the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, but also a number of other synaptically active molecules. (intechopen.com)
Byju's...of skeletal and neuromuscular systems. (vdocuments.net)
Chapter 9 UNIT IV Leaping movement is eﬀected by the coordination of skeletal and neuromuscular systems. (vdocuments.net)
In humans, the loss of muscle mass and accompanying degeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is called sarcopenia and is a major cause of disability in the elderly [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, we investigated the force output and work produced by single skinned fibers of rat soleus muscles during and after ramp contractions at a constant velocity. (frontiersin.org)
The FDB is made up of small predominantly type IIa and IIx fibers that collectively produce less peak isometric force than the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) or soleus muscles, but demonstrates a greater fatigue resistance than the EDL. (biomedcentral.com)
Muscles commonly used for functional and mechanistic experiments include the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior (TA), and/or the quadriceps. (biomedcentral.com)
Adult male mice underwent an ~ 20% multi-muscle VML injury to the posterior compartment (gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscle) unilaterally and were randomized to rehabilitation paradigm twice per week beginning 2 days post-injury or no treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

These muscles each offer unique advantages across a host of methodologies including measuring isometric force production, susceptibility to muscle injury, mitochondrial respiration, protein content, and histology. (biomedcentral.com)
Histological and functional evaluation of extremity skeletal muscle at 3, 7, and 21 days after injury, however, demonstrated no significant differences in myocytic degeneration, necrotic formation, and maximal isometric tetanic torque. (bmj.com)

We previously reported that inhibition of Sca-1 expression stimulated myoblast proliferation in vitro and regulated the tempo of muscle repair in vivo. (plos.org)
10 Even more compelling is a recent study that subjected individual quiescent satellite cells isolated from adult limb muscle to stretching in vitro, and showed that direct stretching of the satellite cells themselves results in activation and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. (arvojournals.org)
Unlike the other muscles, inherent properties of the FDB muscle make it amenable to multiple in vitro- and in vivo-based microscopy methods. (biomedcentral.com)

The age-associated deterioration of force-generating properties of skeletal muscles can be directly associated with increased risk of physical disability, functional impairments, and increased mortality. (wikipedia.org)
It is generally accepted to consider this contact only as a specialized morpho-functional structure, where chemical transmission (via release of the acetylcholine (ACh)) of electrical signal from motor neuron to muscle fiber occurs, ultimately causing the muscle to contract. (intechopen.com)
The functional benefits of exercise on SOCE, constitutive Ca 2+ entry and muscle force production were lost in mice with muscle-specific loss of Orai1 function. (elifesciences.org)
The ability to assess skeletal muscle function and delineate regulatory mechanisms is essential to uncovering therapeutic approaches that preserve functional independence in a disease state. (biomedcentral.com)
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries occur due to orthopaedic trauma or the surgical removal of skeletal muscle and result in debilitating long-term functional deficits. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings demonstrated sustained Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle distal to tourniquet application, but this did not translate into improved functional outcomes. (bmj.com)

Consistent with what has been reported in original mdx mice, mdx/FVB mice also showed increased susceptibility to eccentric contraction-induced force loss and elevated serum creatine kinase. (plos.org)

have shown that grip and knee extensor muscle strength are strongly correlated with mortality. (wikipedia.org)
Further, the forelimb grip strength and limb muscle (tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus) specific force of mdx/FVB mice were significantly lower than that of wild type FVB mice. (plos.org)

This combination of eccentric and concentric contractions is the most important type of daily muscle action and plays a significant role in natural locomotion such as walking, running or jumping. (frontiersin.org)
On the contrary, SSCs - eccentric muscle action immediately followed by concentric muscle action - play a significant role in natural locomotion. (frontiersin.org)

Understanding the effects of strabismus surgery on muscle cell biological reactions and myofiber remodeling may suggest new approaches for improving surgical outcomes. (arvojournals.org)
Skeletal muscle provides distinct experimental challenges due to inherent differences across muscle groups, including fiber type and size that may limit experimental approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
However, due to inherent differences across muscles, investigators are often forced to apply specific experimental approaches for each muscle. (biomedcentral.com)

Using a novel approach, we also demonstrate methods for assessing mitochondrial respiration in the FDB, which are comparable to the commonly used gastrocnemius muscle. (biomedcentral.com)

Compared to that of age- and sex-matched FVB mice, mdx/FVB mice showed characteristic limb muscle pathology similar to that of original mdx mice. (plos.org)
However, we demonstrate by histological analysis that Snai3 null mutant mice exhibit normal skeletal muscle. (plos.org)

Deletion of GDNF expression from muscle spindles results in the selective elimination of γ-MNs with preservation of the spindle and its sensory innervation. (biomedcentral.com)

i ) partial detachment of XBs during the eccentric phase of a SSC, ( ii ) significantly enhanced forces and mechanical work during the concentric phase of SSCs compared with shortening contractions with and without XB-inhibition, and ( iii ) no residual force depression after SSCs. (frontiersin.org)

The examination of a biopsy sample under a microscope is needed to directly quantify damage to the skeletal muscle. (springeropen.com)

The difference is that ligaments connect bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone. (handwiki.org)

Defining the mechanisms that regulate the development of skeletal muscle dysfunction is critical for designing therapeutic interventions. (biomedcentral.com)

Skeletal muscle is susceptible to a number of genetic, environmental, and age-related pathologies that impair the tissue's normal mechanical and metabolic function. (biomedcentral.com)

The cockroaches have distinct muscles. (studymaterialkota.com)
They constitute a distinct subpopulation that differs in morphology, physiology and connectivity from α-MNs, which innervate extrafusal muscle fibers and exert force. (biomedcentral.com)
The advantages of a γ-fusimotor system to control spindle sensitivity independently of force-generating extrafusal muscle fibers are not fully understood, nor are the mechanisms that generate the distinct γ- and α-MN subtypes in mammals. (biomedcentral.com)

A common treatment for motility disorders of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) is a resection procedure in which there is surgical shortening of the muscle. (arvojournals.org)
This surgical preparation allows for the examination of the effects of surgical shortening of one rectus muscle and passive stretch of its ipsilateral antagonist. (arvojournals.org)

Mutations of Na V 1.4 give rise to a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, with gain-of-function defects causing myotonia or hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. (jci.org)
Gains knowledge about the disorders related to muscular and skeletal systems. (vdocuments.net)

Residual force depression (rFD) following active muscle shortening and residual force enhancement (rFE) following active muscle stretch ( Abbott and Aubert, 1952 ) are fundamentally accepted mechanical properties of skeletal muscle ( Rassier, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
It sends the mechanical forces of muscle contraction to the skeletal system, while withstanding tension . (handwiki.org)

Tendons (Insertion of skeletal muscles) : The skeletal muscles are attached to the bones by tendons. (studymaterialkota.com)

Among the findings of the research published in the Aug. 1, 2015, issue of Human Molecular Genetics was that utrophin was expressed across the entire length of the muscle fiber, likely contributing to its ability to significantly reduce disease progression in animal models. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Significantly, utrophin expression is localized along the length of the muscle fiber, not just at the synapse, and is fiber-type independent, suggesting that drug treatment is modulating utrophin transcription in extra-synaptic myonuclei. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
In the reported study, SMT022357 treatment for five weeks resulted in increased utrophin expression, localized along the entire length of the muscle fiber membrane in both slow- and fast-twitch muscles. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
And these molecules can be released from both nerve terminal (anterograde signal), and from muscle fiber (retrograde signal). (intechopen.com)
We then show that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor TSA, which has been shown to ameliorate the mdx mouse Duchenne model, can rescue muscle fiber damage in both dmd -MO and dmd mutant larvae. (plos.org)
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is an ion channelopathy of skeletal muscle characterized by attacks of muscle weakness associated with low serum K + . HypoPP results from a transient failure of muscle fiber excitability. (jci.org)

7 8 9 In fact, passive stretching alone can activate limb muscle satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)

Resistance exercise is recommended for maintaining muscle mass and strength in older adults. (springeropen.com)
However, little is known about exercise-induced muscle damage and recovery from resistance exercise in older adults. (springeropen.com)
This scoping review aimed to identify and provide a broad overview of the available literature, examine how this research has been conducted, and identify current knowledge gaps relating to exercise-induced muscle damage and recovery from resistance exercise in older adults. (springeropen.com)
Studies were included if they included older adults aged 65 years and over, and reported any markers of exercise-induced muscle damage after performing a bout of resistance exercise. (springeropen.com)
sex differences in recovery from resistance exercise, symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage, and biological markers of muscle damage. (springeropen.com)
These chronic adaptations are well documented, but the acute effects of resistance exercise, specifically changes associated with exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), in older people are less well characterised. (springeropen.com)

3 When a muscle is injured, this specialized cell population becomes activated, divides, and either repairs damaged fibers or forms new myofibers. (arvojournals.org)
Passive range of motion exercise are non-weight bearing rehabilitation techniques that do not rely on functionally innervated muscle fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
Gamma motor neurons (γ-MNs) selectively innervate muscle spindle intrafusal fibers and regulate their sensitivity to stretch. (biomedcentral.com)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury was evaluated by investigating pathway signaling, immune modulation of cytokine release, remote organ injury, and skeletal muscle function during convalescence. (bmj.com)

The results highlight the experimental flexibility afforded the investigator by using the FDB muscle to assess mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle function. (biomedcentral.com)

The muscles of our body work simultaneously with one another and with the skeletal system to perform the various movements. (vdocuments.net)

To have the bone in the opposite direction, the relaxed muscle contracts to pull the bone towards its original position while the first relaxes. (studymaterialkota.com)
Thus, two muscles have to work together to move a bone. (studymaterialkota.com)
These include type II collagen in the cartilaginous zones, type III collagen in the reticulin fibres of the vascular walls, type IX collagen, type IV collagen in the basement membranes of the capillaries, type V collagen in the vascular walls, and type X collagen in the mineralized fibrocartilage near the interface with the bone. (handwiki.org)

By pharmacologically modulating the expression of the dystrophin-related protein utrophin, we have previously demonstrated in dystrophin-deficient mdx studies, daily SMT C1100 treatment significantly reduced muscle degeneration, leading to improved muscle function. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Muscle strength appears to be a critical component in maintaining physical function, mobility, and vitality in old age, which is why it's imperative to identify and study contributing factors of Dynapenia. (wikipedia.org)
Despite its function in myoblast expansion during muscle repair, a role for Sca-1 in normal, post-natal muscle has not been thoroughly investigated. (plos.org)
Relates the structure of skeletal muscle with its function. (vdocuments.net)
These results indicate that TT association with SR-stacks enhances Orai1-dependent SOCE to optimize Ca 2+ dynamics and muscle contractile function during acute exercise. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, SOCE plays an important role in both normal muscle development/function and muscle disease. (elifesciences.org)
To date, surprisingly few studies have taken advantage of the FDB to investigate mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle function. (biomedcentral.com)

These results demonstrate the age-related progression of muscle weakness and muscular fat infiltration regardless of changes in muscle mass or subcutaneous fat, reinforcing that muscle quality is lost with aging. (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of this study was to characterize and experimentally demonstrate the value of the FDB muscle for scientific investigations. (biomedcentral.com)

Learns to identify bones of the skeletal system. (vdocuments.net)
Movement of organs and different parts of the body are brought about by the contraction of skeletal muscles inserted into the articulating bones. (studymaterialkota.com)
Snail is a molluscan which doesn't has bones but has muscles. (studymaterialkota.com)

This procedure results in rotation of the globe toward the resected muscle, increased resting tension across the agonist-antagonist pair, and stretching of the elastic components of the muscles. (arvojournals.org)

In particular, zebrafish provide a system for rapid, easy, and low-cost screening of small molecules that can ameliorate muscle damage in dystrophic larvae. (plos.org)
All these activities are controlled and coordinated by the skeletal, muscular and nervous system. (vdocuments.net)
The hard parts of an animal body present inside or outside the body collectively form the skeletal system. (studymaterialkota.com)
Fishes have skeletal & muscular system both. (studymaterialkota.com)
Unlike other mechanoreceptors, the sensitivity of muscle spindles is actively regulated by a specialized fusimotor system. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetically, γ-MNs are best developed in mammals, whereas lower vertebrates (for example, amphibians) use a β-skeletofusimotor system alone to control the sensitivity of their muscle spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
We have developed a therapeutic garment which works to reduce effects of hip dysplasia by stimulating the proprioceptive system in a strategic way to engage the gluteal, epaxial and abdominal muscles as the dog moves, with the goal of enhancing the dynamic stability of the hip joint, thereby reducing the pain and inflammation associated with hip dysplasia. (beds.ac.uk)

Due to its anatomical location, the FDB can be used in cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury protocols and is amenable to electroporation of cDNA with a high degree of efficiency allowing for an effective means of genetic manipulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Using this knowledge we characterized genetic strategies to label developing γ-MNs based on GDNF receptor expression, showed their strict dependence for survival on muscle spindle-derived GDNF and generated an animal model in which γ-MNs are selectively lost. (biomedcentral.com)

Our muscles have two functions: to generate motion and force. (vdocuments.net)
A key feature of SSCs is the increase in muscular force and work during the concentric phase of a SSC by more than 50% compared with concentric muscle actions without prior stretch (SSC-effect). (frontiersin.org)
The different contributions of cross-bridge (XB) and non-cross-bridge (non-XB) structures to the total muscle force were identified by using Blebbistatin. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we report that SOCE, peak Ca 2+ transient amplitude and muscle force production during repetitive stimulation are increased after exercise in parallel with the time course of TT association with SR-stacks. (elifesciences.org)

As such, indirect markers of muscle damage are often used to assess the extent to which individuals have been affected by intense or unaccustomed exercise. (springeropen.com)

Dynapenia is the loss of muscle strength, rather than muscle mass. (wikipedia.org)
This does not include loss of muscle strength, which is defined by Dynapenia. (wikipedia.org)
The study also found that the decrease in muscle strength due to aging was 2-5 times greater than the loss of muscle size. (wikipedia.org)
The mdx mouse is the most frequently used animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal muscle disease caused by the loss of dystrophin. (plos.org)
Mammalian hibernation presents a unique scenario, where animals are hypocaloric and in torpor, but the extent of muscle protein loss is minimized. (silverchair.com)
Currently, the magnitude of muscle strength loss is thought to be the best indicator of EIMD. (springeropen.com)
Loss of muscle spindles also results in the downregulation of Gfrα1 expression in some large diameter MNs, suggesting that spindle-derived factors may also influence populations of α-MNs with β-skeletofusimotor collaterals. (biomedcentral.com)

The insertional 6 mm of the superior rectus muscles of adult rabbits were resected and reattached to the original insertion site. (arvojournals.org)
It is considered postmitotic, in that the myonuclei residing within these myofibers do not divide in adult muscle. (arvojournals.org)
There are a number of factors that initiate myofiber remodeling in adult skeletal muscles. (arvojournals.org)

recently conducted an informal meta-analysis that showed significant correlation between low levels of muscle strength and poor physical performance and/or physical disability in 90% of the studies. (wikipedia.org)
The Snai3 gene is expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle. (plos.org)

This improved muscle capability is related to various mechanisms, including pre-activation, stretch-reflex responses and elastic recoil from serial elastic tissues. (frontiersin.org)

Irradiation treatment, which eliminates satellite cells from these muscles, prevents the compensatory hypertrophy in these types of experiments. (arvojournals.org)

In the rabbit, due to orbital constraints and limited rotation, resection results in more significant stretch of the surgically treated muscle than the antagonist. (arvojournals.org)
Both active and passive stretch of the rectus muscles produced by strabismus surgery dramatically upregulated the processes of satellite cell activation, integration of new myonuclei into existing myofibers, and concomitant upregulation of immature myosin heavy chain isoforms. (arvojournals.org)
Stretch-shortening cycles (SSCs) refer to the muscle action when an active muscle stretch is immediately followed by active muscle shortening. (frontiersin.org)

A broad scope of markers of muscle damage have been reported, but study protocols and findings are inconsistent across the literature. (springeropen.com)

Utrophin is structurally and functionally similar to dystrophin, the protein which is lacking in boys with DMD, and is normally present during muscle development and repair. (drugdiscoverynews.com)

With these markers of γ-MN identity, we show after conditional elimination of GDNF from muscle spindles that the survival of γ-MNs is selectively dependent on spindle-derived GDNF during the first 2 weeks of postnatal development. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study, we generated a new knock-in mouse strain that carries an ECEL1/DINE pathogenic G607S missense mutation, based on a previous study reporting atypical DA hindlimb phenotypes in two siblings with the mutation. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy67

Organisms17

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs70

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

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Cardiac muscles2

Proteins8

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Tissue11

Regeneration7

Plasticity1

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Axon4

Physiological3

Neuromuscular4

Soleus4

Isometric2

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Functional6

Susceptibility1

Extensor2

Locomotion2

Approaches3

Gastrocnemius1

Mice2

Deletion1

Eccentric1

Quantify1

Ligaments1

Dysfunction1

Susceptible1

Distinct3

Surgical2

Disorders2

Mechanical2

Tendons1

Fiber6

Limb1

Resistance6

Fibers3

Cytokine1

Regulate1

Movements1

Bone3

Function7

Demonstrate2

Bones3

Tension1

System7

Genetic2

Force4

Assess1

Loss7

Adult3

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Stretch3

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Study1