• A small number of sporadic human cases of A(H5N1) have been identified since 2022, despite the panzootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry. (cdc.gov)
  • Nearly all reported human cases since 2022 were associated with poultry exposures, and no cases of mammal-to-human or human-to-human transmission of HPAI A(H5N1) virus have been identified. (cdc.gov)
  • In a few cases, the source of exposure to HPAI A(H5N1) virus was unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • To date, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses currently circulating in birds and poultry, with spillover to mammals, and those that have caused human infections do not have the ability to easily bind to receptors that predominate in the human upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the current risk to the public from HPAI A(H5N1) viruses remains low. (cdc.gov)
  • However, because of the potential for influenza viruses to rapidly evolve and the wide global prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, continued sporadic human infections are anticipated. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC is actively working on the domestic situation with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, including conducting surveillance among people with relevant exposures and preparing for the possibility that contemporary HPAI A(H5N1) viruses gain the ability for increased transmissibility to people. (cdc.gov)
  • H5 candidate vaccine viruses (CVV) produced by CDC are expected to provide good protection against current clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in birds and mammals. (cdc.gov)
  • Because influenza viruses are constantly changing, CDC performs ongoing analyses of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses to identify changes that might allow for spread more easily to and between people, cause serious illness in people, reduce susceptibility to antivirals, affect the sensitivity of diagnostic assays, or reduce neutralization of the virus by vaccine induced antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • To date, few changes in HPAI A(H5N1) viruses of public health concern have been identified and such changes have differed between various HPAI A(H5N1) viruses circulating in wild birds and poultry worldwide or that have sporadically infected humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Comprehensive surveillance and readiness efforts are ongoing, and CDC continually takes preparedness measures to be ready in case the risk to people from HPAI A(H5N1) or other novel influenza A viruses changes. (cdc.gov)
  • Since 2005, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses have undergone extensive genetic diversification including the formation of hundreds of genotypes following reassortment with other avian influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses emerged in 2020 and were introduced into North America in late 2021 [ 1,2 ] and have spread to Central and South America, resulting in wild bird infections (in terrestrial, seabird, shorebird, and migratory species) and poultry outbreaks in many countries [ 3-8 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Globally, this 2.3.4.4b clade of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses has become widespread causing record numbers of bird outbreaks in wild, backyard, village, and farm birds. (cdc.gov)
  • Over 17,000 animal outbreaks of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses were reported by 80 member countries to the World Organisation for Animal Health since January 2022. (cdc.gov)
  • Over a 3-week period in late June/early July 2023, Poland experienced an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in cats. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • The scale of HPAI H5N1 virus infection in cats in Poland is worrying. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses that emerged in poultry in East Asia spread to Europe and North America by late 2014. (eur.nl)
  • Here we show that the European HPAI H5N8 viruses differ from the Korean and Japanese HPAI H5N8 viruses by several amino acids and that a Dutch HPAI H5N8 virus had low virulence and was not transmitted via the airborne route in ferrets. (eur.nl)
  • In the 2014-2015 Eurasian lineage clade 2.3.4.4A H5 highly pathogenic avian infuenza (HPAI) outbreak in the U.S., backyard focks with minor gallinaceous poultry and large commercial poultry (chickens and turkeys) operations were afected. (irta.cat)
  • In contrast, birds of all species in later clinical stages (moribund and dead) had histopathologic lesions and systemic virus replication consistent with HPAI virus infection in gallinaceous poultry. (irta.cat)
  • Starting in January, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) detected highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in wild birds in the United States followed by multiple detections in U.S. commercial poultry and backyard bird flocks [1,2]. (cdc.gov)
  • During January 13, 2022, through April 27, 2022, USDA APHIS reported more than 899 detections of wild birds infected with HPAI A(H5N1) virus in 33 states [1]. (cdc.gov)
  • On February 9, 2022, USDA APHIS confirmed the first outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) virus in a commercial turkey flock in Indiana [2]. (cdc.gov)
  • Ancestors of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses first emerged in southern China and led to large poultry outbreaks in Hong Kong in 1997, which resulted in 18 human infections. (cdc.gov)
  • These poultry outbreaks were controlled, but HPAI A(H5N1) viruses were not eradicated in birds, and the virus reassorted and reemerged in 2003 to spread widely in birds throughout Asia, and later in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, causing sporadic human infections. (cdc.gov)
  • OIE reported highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus on a poultry farm in Niamey township. (emergence-msd-animal-health.com)
  • Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by various strains of avian influenza viruses that can be classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). (usgs.gov)
  • The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) in collaboration with multiple partners conducts research into the ecology of avian influenza virus and surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses leading to several significant findings towards early detection and response to HPAI. (usgs.gov)
  • On the other hand, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains frequently fatal to birds and easily transmissible between susceptible species. (usgs.gov)
  • With the on-going European outbreaks of HPAI there is a risk of moving these viruses to North America as well. (usgs.gov)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses of the H5 and H7 HA subtypes have been isolated occasionally from free-living birds. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Professor Jeff Bender answers key questions about Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), or bird flu, an extremely contagious viral illness that affects both wild birds and livestock, such as chickens and turkeys. (umn.edu)
  • Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), or bird flu, is an extremely contagious viral illness that affects both wild birds and livestock, such as chicken and turkeys. (umn.edu)
  • Q: Where does highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) or "bird flu" come from? (umn.edu)
  • Controlling the HPAI virus often involves culling infected poultry, and the 2015 outbreak had significant impacts on producers, but also on those workers and support staff who process poultry and eggs. (umn.edu)
  • On March 2, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) confirmed a bald eagle found dead in British Columbia, Canada tested positive for the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) Eurasian strain H5N1. (govdelivery.com)
  • HPAI is a highly contagious, deadly disease in domestic poultry. (govdelivery.com)
  • For more information about HPAI, symptoms, biosecurity and how you can protect your flock please visit ODA's avian influenza webpage in English at https://oda.direct/AI and in Spanish at https://oda.direct/IA . (govdelivery.com)
  • In a recent study published in the CDC's Emerging Infectious Diseases journal, researchers characterized the pathophysiology of infection by the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) viral organism belonging to the Eurasian lineage and 2.3.4.4b clade in non-domesticated terrestrial animals across the United States (US) between 1 April and 21 July 2022. (news-medical.net)
  • In the present study, researchers presented a series of cases to highlight the pathophysiology of spontaneous HPAI H5N1 infections among terrestrial wild animals in the US, which coincided with elevated levels of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in circulation among non-domesticated avian species during summer and spring of 2022. (news-medical.net)
  • Since 2003, multiple highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5 subtypes, including H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8, have generated severe epidemics and thus not only tremendous economic losses in the domestic poultry industry, but also serious threats to human health worldwide ( Jhung and Nelson, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It is referred to as 'highly pathogenic' avian influenza, or HPAI. (bto.org)
  • Unusually, in the spring of 2022, the HPAI virus (subtype H5N1) spread into our globally important colonies of nesting seabirds. (bto.org)
  • The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has confirmed the presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a non-commercial, backyard flock (non-poultry) in Toombs County, Georgia. (provisioneronline.com)
  • Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus is a threat to animal and public health worldwide. (ias.ac.in)
  • These findings suggest that PB2-2235 could efficiently inhibit HPAI H5N1 virus replication. (ias.ac.in)
  • It seems like this year the HPAI [highly pathogenic avian influenza] is more acute. (investmentwatchblog.com)
  • The interspecies transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus to poultry populations often results in devastating disease outbreaks. (who.int)
  • 3 Death caused by infection and preventive measures (such as depopulation) implemented to control the spread of the HPAI H5N1 virus resulted in considerable socioeconomic burdens for many of the affected countries. (who.int)
  • To provide guiding principles and minimum requirements for surveillance and diagnosis of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) that can be applied by countries and regional networks. (bvs.br)
  • The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
  • Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this Sanmenxia H5N1 virus was a novel reassortant, possessing a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA gene and a H9N2-derived PB2 gene. (nature.com)
  • Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
  • Due to the geographical location of Sanmenxia, these novel H5N1 viruses also have the potential to be imported to other regions through the migration of wild birds, similar to the H5N1 outbreak amongst migratory birds in Qinghai Lake during 2005. (nature.com)
  • As of 31 March 2015, H5N1 virus caused at least 826 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 440 deaths across 16 countries 2 . (nature.com)
  • The Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus was found to possess a high genetic relationship with viruses isolated from other countries on the migratory flyway of wild birds 4 , suggesting that the migration of wild birds played an important role in circulating H5N1 HPAIV viruses between the different avian populations. (nature.com)
  • The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype CH (H5N1 A/Eurasian wigeon/Netherlands/3/2022-like). (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Influenza A(H5N1) viruses from cats possessed two amino acid substitutions in the PB2 protein (526R and 627K) which are two molecular markers of virus adaptation in mammals. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • On April 20, 2022, an adult in Colorado developed fatigue following exposure to presumptive H5N1 virus-infected poultry while participating in poultry depopulation activities during April 18-22, 2022. (cdc.gov)
  • Results Highly pathogenic AIV of the H5N1 subtype was identified in clinically healthy wild bird species, namely African jacana, ruff, spur-winged goose, squared-tailed nightjar, white-faced whistling ducks, and white stork. (authorea.com)
  • However, these H5N1 viruses characterized from these wild birds cluster separately from the H5N1 viruses characterized in Nigerian poultry since early 2021. (authorea.com)
  • Specifically, the viruses form two distinct genetic groups both linked with the Eurasian H5N1 gene pool but likely resulting from two distinct introductions of the virus in the region. (authorea.com)
  • A preparedness plan for avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection was activated in Lebanon in 2016 after reported cases in poultry. (blogspot.com)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus has caused ≈1,000 human infections since the first case was reported in 1997 (overall case-fatality rate 54%) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
  • In Lebanon, no cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus were reported in poultry or humans before 2016. (blogspot.com)
  • On April 20, 2016, the Lebanonese Ministry of Agriculture confirmed the presence of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus on 2 poultry farms in Nabi Chit village located in the Bekaa region, adjacent to the border of Lebanon with Syria. (blogspot.com)
  • Possible sources and spreading routes of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 infections in poultry and wild birds in Central Europe in 2007 inferred through likelihood analyses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • All viruses belonged to a separate subgroup (termed "EMA-3") within clade 2.2, and, thus, were distinct from two lineages of HPAIV H5N1 viruses (termed "EMA-1" and "EMA-2") present in the same geographic area in 2006. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, called H5N1 , is spreading in several countries across the world. (yahoo.com)
  • Belgium has reported an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza , commonly called bird. (yahoo.com)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza, caused by the H5N1 virus, remains primarily a disease of domestic birds. (who.int)
  • These findings further confirm that the H5N1 virus is at present poorly adapted to humans. (who.int)
  • H5N1 viruses over long distances, thus further complicating efforts to eliminate the virus from avian species. (who.int)
  • As influenza A viruses lack a "proof-reading" mechanism for DNA repair and fail to correct small errors that occur in viral replication, constant genetic mutation is a characteristic feature of all influenza A viruses, including H5N1. (who.int)
  • The H5N1 virus has evolved, in animals, in several ways since the start of the current poultry outbreaks in mid-2003. (who.int)
  • Most bird flu viruses don't infect humans, but some strains - particularly H5N1 and H7N9 - can, in rare cases, spread to humans and cause serious illnesses. (everydayhealth.com)
  • But the H7N9 and H5N1 viruses have become resistant to the antiviral drugs amantadine (Gocovri) and rimantadine (Flumadine) . (everydayhealth.com)
  • I'm doing research on H5N1, which is a highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • Laboratory tests show the vaccine enables ducks and geese to fight H5N1, the highly lethal strain of bird flu, three weeks after the flocks were vaccinated, the statement claimed. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • The birds could then fight the H5N1 strain of virus. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • The team built phylogenetic interpretation trees and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tables using a reference including six segments from the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus and two from non-domesticated avian viruses from the northern regions of America. (news-medical.net)
  • As of October 3, 2016, at least 856 cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in 16 countries had been reported to the World Health Organization, among which 452 had ended in death, for an apparent case fatality rate of 52.8% ( WHO, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Till date, the H5N1 virus has claimed 402 human lives, with a mortality rate of 58% and has caused the death or culling of millions of poultry since 2003. (ias.ac.in)
  • In this study, we have designed three siRNAs (PB2-2235, PB2-479 and NP-865) targeting PB2 and NP genes of avian influenza virus and evaluated their potential, measured by hemagglutination (HA), plaque reduction and Real time RT-PCR assay, in inhibiting H5N1 virus (A/chicken/Navapur/7972/2006) replication in MDCK cells. (ias.ac.in)
  • The effect of siRNA on H5N1 virus replication continued till 48h (maximum observation period). (ias.ac.in)
  • In 2011, H9N2 viruses were observed to be co-circulating and co-infecting the same hosts as H5N1 viruses. (who.int)
  • Surveillance for avian influenza viruses must continue in Egypt to monitor further developments in H5N1 circulation in poultry. (who.int)
  • En 2011, on a remarqué que les virus H9N2 circulaient en même temps et co-infectaient les mêmes hôtes que les virus H5N1. (who.int)
  • hivernale 2014-2015, le virus H5N1 a considérablement circulé dans les élevages de volailles, entraînant un nombre d'infections sans précédent chez l'homme. (who.int)
  • La surveillance des virus de la grippe aviaire doit se poursuivre en Égypte afin de déceler les futures évolutions de la circulation du H5N1 dans les populations de volailles. (who.int)
  • Since 2006, the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus has circulated among domestic poultry in Egypt, causing massive economic losses in the poultry production sector (1). (who.int)
  • However, the H5N1 virus continued to circulate and it became endemic in 2008, which led to genetic drift of the surface immunogenic glycoproteins (4,5). (who.int)
  • Accordingly, the Egyptian H5N1 viruses diversified into several subclades (classical 2.2.1, 2.2.1.1, 2.2.1.1a and 2.2.1.2), of which at least two subclades co-circulated between 2008 and 2011 (6-8). (who.int)
  • The subclades of H5N1 viruses in Egypt are antigenically distinct and most vaccines used are no longer antigenically matched (2,9). (who.int)
  • Egypt reported more laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza virus H5N1 to the World Health Organization (WHO) between 2003 and 2015 than any other country (346 cases), with 116 deaths, giving a case fatality rate of 33.5 % (10). (who.int)
  • Poland, Major EU Poultry Producer, Reports Bird Flu Outbreak Poland, the European Union's largest poultry producer, has reported an outbreak of the highly contagious H5N1 bird flu virus among poultry in the northern part of the country. (medscape.com)
  • Norway Reports Bird Flu Outbreak in Backyard Poultry Norway has reported an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza, commonly called bird flu, among poultry in the northern part of the country, the World Organisation for Animal Health said. (medscape.com)
  • Der handelsübliche Influenza A-Schnelltest erfasst das H5N1-Vogelgrippevirus nicht. (medscape.com)
  • Most cases of avian influenza in humans have been caused by Asian strains H5N1 and H7N9, but other types have also caused some human infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We isolated two highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of subtype H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b from falcated duck (Anas falcata) feces and environmental water collected at an overwintering site in Japan. (preprints.org)
  • In Europe, avian influenza viruses of subtype H7 have been responsible for several disease outbreaks among poultry, which resulted in human infections ( 1 , 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Past, present, and possible future human infection with influenza virus A subtype H7. (blogspot.com)
  • Dr. Richard and her team found subtype-specific secondary RNA structures in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza viruses that might be implicated in the emergence of HPAIV. (erasmusmc.nl)
  • The cause is a virus, Orthomyxovirus type A, its pathogenicity is variable, and isolates are designated sero-type/ species/location/reference number/year/subtype designation(H/N). Highly pathogenic forms are usually of the H groups 5 and 7 and may now be identified (if H5 or H7) by the presence of a sequence at the haemagglutinin cleavage site that codes for multiple basic amino acids. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • The team performed two tests for influenza A virus H5 subtyping: IAV and H5 subtype hemagglutinin gene targeted-RT-PCR and the H5 subtype clade 2.3.4.4b-targeted RT-PCR for the North American, Eurasian, and Mexican lineages of the virus. (news-medical.net)
  • All human infections caused by a new influenza subtype are required to be reported under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005).4 This includes any influenza A virus that has demonstrated the capacity to infect a human and its haemagglutinin gene (or protein) is not a mutated form of those, i.e. (who.int)
  • All cases of human infection with an influenza A subtype other than H1 or H3 must be reported. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Continued comprehensive surveillance of these viruses in wild birds, poultry, mammals, and people worldwide, and frequent reassessments are critical to determine the public health risk, along with ongoing preparedness efforts. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, USDA APHIS monitors for avian influenza viruses in wild, commercial, and backyard birds. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, this virus was shown to be highly pathogenic to both birds and mammals and demonstrate tropism for the nervous system. (nature.com)
  • Despite measures to prevent HPAIV spread by vaccination or the culling of infected birds, several H5 influenza subtypes are already prevalent in Asia, Europe and Africa 4 . (nature.com)
  • In 2006, a Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus re-emerged in Qinghai Lake and caused more infections in wild birds, including bar-headed geese and great black-headed gulls. (nature.com)
  • In winter 2016-17, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) and A(H5N5) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 were identified in wild and domestic birds in Italy . (bvsalud.org)
  • This observation indicates that this virus, which was first observed in migratory birds, is now well established in the nesting sites of colonial seabirds. (healthywildlife.ca)
  • Monitoring the mortalities associated with this virus in these populations of birds will allow us to better understand the potential effect of this virus on the dynamics of these populations. (healthywildlife.ca)
  • Avian influenza A viruses circulate among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species to cause disease referred to as avian influenza. (cdc.gov)
  • People who are exposed to poultry or wild aquatic birds infected with avian influenza A viruses or associated contaminated environments may become infected with these viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • People involved in poultry outbreak response activities and others with exposures to infected birds or contaminated material, surfaces, or water may be at risk of avian influenza A virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) infect both wild birds and domestic poultry, resulting in economically costly outbreaks that have the potential to impact public health. (usgs.gov)
  • Background The introduction of multiple avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes into Nigeria has resulted in several poultry outbreaks purportedly linked to trade and wild birds. (authorea.com)
  • Conclusion Our findings highlight the key role of surveillance in wild birds to monitor the diversity of viruses in this area, provide the foundations of epidemiological understanding, and facilitate risk assessment. (authorea.com)
  • This virus caused the deaths of 20,000 domestic birds. (blogspot.com)
  • The isolated virus (clade 2.3.2.1c) was similar to that detected in wild and domestic birds in Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey during January−March 2015 ( 6 ). (blogspot.com)
  • AIV monitoring programmes in place for wild birds and poultry in these countries did not reveal presence of these viruses in either population. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Campitelli L , Mogavero E , De Marco MA , Delogu M , Puzelli S , Frezza F , Interspecies transmission of an H7N3 influenza virus from wild birds to intensively reared domestic poultry in Italy. (blogspot.com)
  • Wild birds, in particular certain species of waterfowl and shorebirds, are considered to be the natural reservoirs for avian influenza viruses. (usgs.gov)
  • In domestic birds, however, some AI viruses can be more pathogenic and mutation or recombination of a virus acquired from wild birds can increase disease potential. (usgs.gov)
  • Most AI strains are classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) and cause few clinical signs in infected birds. (usgs.gov)
  • However, AIV also frequently infects domestic poultry and wild ducks in Europe and Africa and migrating wild birds that use the east Atlantic flyway may also risk introducing Eurasian strain viruses to North America via this route. (usgs.gov)
  • AI viruses from both continents, as well as recombinations of both strains, were isolated in Iceland, sometimes from within a single flock of birds, showing that this region is a hotspot of virus movement and genetic reassortment. (usgs.gov)
  • Highly pathogenic AI viruses have been frequently found in wild and domestic European birds, significantly in 2006, and annually since then. (usgs.gov)
  • Avian influenza, also known as bird flu is a virus that causes disease in birds. (accepta.com)
  • Poultry, pigeons and wild or migratory birds, such as ducks, can become infected with the virus. (accepta.com)
  • Although some countries severely affected by poultry outbreaks have controlled those outbreaks, the virus has become firmly entrenched in populations of domestic birds elsewhere. (who.int)
  • Several birds had been arriving at the Uruguayan shores with symptoms that suggested avian influenza, which hit other parts of the world and which, in the last few weeks, caused hundreds of deaths on the Atlantic coast of Argentina. (flutrackers.com)
  • Bird flu, or avian flu, is a type of infection that occurs mainly in birds. (everydayhealth.com)
  • The virus has moved from poultry into wild birds, and the virus is thought to have spread into the Americas during the breeding season of ducks in Alaska. (usda.gov)
  • The virus also transmitted poorly to contact control birds. (usda.gov)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses are found in aquatic birds. (umn.edu)
  • These aquatic birds often serve as reservoirs for the virus and do not become ill, but are sources of infection for domestic poultry, such as chickens and turkeys. (umn.edu)
  • This virus is called "highly" pathogenic (Pathogenic refers to an ability to cause disease) because of how easily it transmits to domestic birds, such as chickens and turkeys. (umn.edu)
  • Hundreds of wild birds have died of avian influenza in central Thailand in the past two weeks. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • The virus, comparable to those found in Eurasian strains, was identified in the US in December of 2021 and spread to domesticated animals and non-domestic birds. (news-medical.net)
  • The various factors and conditions that determine susceptibility to influenza infection and disease severity are also covered, as is our current understanding of the ecology and evolution of influenza viruses, the various subtypes, and their transmission and epidemiology in humans, birds, swine, bats, and other animals. (cshlpress.com)
  • Estimates suggest that many thousands of birds died as a result of the virus. (bto.org)
  • According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the public health risk associated with these avian influenza detections in birds remains low. (provisioneronline.com)
  • During the last avian flu outbreak in 2015, about 50 million birds were affected. (investmentwatchblog.com)
  • A mutated strain of avian influenza is killing unprecedented numbers of birds on the Shetland Islands, many of which are already under threat. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Dead and dying birds like these were what first alerted people to the 2022 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza . (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Also known as bird flu, the virus making these birds sick can be traced back to a goose farm in China in 1996. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • 1 Currently all known influenza A viruses are naturally maintained in aquatic birds. (who.int)
  • 5 The transmission of these viruses over long distances by migrating birds is a concern for countries such as Papua New Guinea that have large poultry populations with few biosecurity precautions. (who.int)
  • The detection of influenza A(H5) virus in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples collected from individuals in close contact with infected poultry or other birds, whether the individuals are symptomatic or not, is not unexpected. (who.int)
  • Avian influenza is caused by strains of influenza A that normally infect only wild birds and domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Avian influenza infections are often asymptomatic in wild birds but may cause highly lethal illness in domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Humans can become infected with avian influenza viruses through inhalation of or direct contact with secretions (saliva, mucous, or feces) from infected birds. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Genetic Diversity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8/H5N5) Viruses in Italy, 2016-17. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we performed a time-resolved phylogenetic analysis of 129 HA sequences representing all 1891 available H5N8 viruses collected from 2010 to 2020. (mdpi.com)
  • A person has tested positive for avian influenza A(H5) virus (H5 bird flu) in the U.S., as confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and reported by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment on April 28, 2022. (cdc.gov)
  • Bird flu is a highly contagious and deadly viral disease that naturally spreads through wild aquatic. (yahoo.com)
  • What is Avian Influenza or Bird Flu? (accepta.com)
  • Bird flu is transmitted to humans when these viruses, which are part of a group called avian influenza A viruses, travel from the saliva, mucus , or droppings of an infected bird into a person's eyes, nose, or mouth. (everydayhealth.com)
  • The symptoms of bird flu typically begin within two to five days after catching the virus. (everydayhealth.com)
  • To diagnose bird flu, a healthcare professional will take a swab from a person's nose or throat and send the sample to a lab, which can use a molecular test to detect the virus. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Bird flu in humans can be treated with antiviral drugs, which can hamper the viruses' ability to replicate and help people recover from the illness. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Ministry sources said the new vaccine had overcome the bottleneck in the technology of developing a remedy for preventing "highly pathogenic bird flu. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • The vaccination thus makes it impossible for ducks and geese to become the load of H5 subgroup bird flu virus. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • China developed advanced bird flu virus test technology (RT-PCR reagent kit) last April. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • Avian or bird flu typically spreads among flocks during the colder months. (investmentwatchblog.com)
  • Romania and Bulgaria Report Bird Flu Romania and Bulgaria have reported outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza among poultry, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) said on Friday, as Europe faces a seasonal upturn in the deadly disease. (medscape.com)
  • Bird Flu Infects Commercial US Poultry Flock The US has detected its first case of avian flu on a commercial poultry farm since April, in a flock of 47,300 turkeys in Jerauld County, South Dakota, the US Department of Agriculture said. (medscape.com)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in domestic poultry cause large economic losses to the U.S. economy. (usgs.gov)
  • Since April 2014, new infections of H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) in humans and domestic poultry have caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry and posed an enormous threat to human health worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
  • Avian influenza overview June - September 2022. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • The specimen was forwarded to the Influenza Division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for further testing, was received at CDC on April 27, 2022, and confirmed as influenza A(H5) virus using RT-PCR the same day. (cdc.gov)
  • A second respiratory specimen from the same patient was collected on April 26, 2022, and tested negative for influenza viruses on April 27, 2022, by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Laboratory Services. (cdc.gov)
  • Specimens from close contacts of the A(H5)-positive individual and persons who participated in depopulation activities at the same facility were collected on April 20, 2022, and tested negative for influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Information about the outbreak of avian influenza in 2021 and 2022, its spread and its impact on breeding seabird populations. (bto.org)
  • Notably, since 2000, outbreaks of avian influenza caused by high and low pathogenicity influenza A(H7N1) viruses and low pathogenicity A(H7N3) viruses occurred on poultry farms located mainly in northeastern Italy ( 3 ). (blogspot.com)
  • AI strains are divided into two groups based on the pathogenicity of the virus, or the ability of the virus to produce disease. (usgs.gov)
  • H5 viruses of low pathogenicity may become highly pathogenic usually after circulating in poultry flocks for a time (Pennsylvania, Italy). (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Uruguay - Influenza A viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. (flutrackers.com)
  • Some avian influenza A viruses have caused rare, sporadic infections in people , resulting in human illness ranging from mild to severe respiratory disease. (cdc.gov)
  • 3) Eating undercooked poultry has also been associated with infections other than influenza, including salmonella (1). (everydayhealth.com)
  • Human infections with viruses of animal origin are expected at the human-animal interface wherever these viruses circulate in animals. (who.int)
  • Even though small clusters of A(H5) virus infections have been reported previously including those involving healthcare workers, current epidemiological and virological evidence suggests that influenza A(H5) viruses have not acquired the ability of sustained transmission among humans, thus the likelihood is low. (who.int)
  • Most subtypes of avian influenza that have caused human infections are H5, H7, and H9 viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. (who.int)
  • AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death. (who.int)
  • In all such instances, the virus had multiple opportunities to spread into the general community or to infect unprotected health-care workers, but did not do so. (who.int)
  • So far, little is known about how this virus evolves and adapts to infect humans. (mdpi.com)
  • This could be because they have never been exposed to it before, or because the virus rapidly adapted to infect seabirds. (bto.org)
  • 2 Occasionally these influenza viruses of avian lineage cross natural species barriers and infect other susceptible bird species and/or mammals including humans, pigs and horses. (who.int)
  • This is the first human case of avian influenza in Cambodia, according media reports. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • China has developed and mass-produced shots targeting H9 and H5N2, the less dangerous subtypes of avian influenza," Xu Shixin, a division director of the Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, said yesterday. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • Standard Precautions, plus Contact and Airborne Precautions, including the use of eye protection, are recommended when evaluating patients for infection with avian influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • 1. What is the likelihood that additional human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5) viruses will occur? (who.int)
  • This virus was highly pathogenic in chickens and humans and posed a significant threat to public health. (nature.com)
  • Genetic analyses revealed that the viruses from the humans were closely related to those from chickens on affected farms. (blogspot.com)
  • The present WHO level of pandemic influenza alert, set in place in January 2004, remains at phase 3: a novel influenza virus is causing sporadic human cases, but is poorly adapted to humans. (who.int)
  • Humans can become infected by breathing in the virus, which can survive in air droplets or dust, or touching a surface that's harboring the virus and transferring it to eyes, nose, or mouth. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine reviews cutting-edge research on the viruses that cause influenza, the molecular mechanisms of infection, the epidemiology of these viruses in humans and animals, and current strategies for designing vaccines and antivirals. (cshlpress.com)
  • Since then, the virus has killed millions of poultry and in the past jumped lethally to humans. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • It is likely that avian influenza viruses of any antigenic specificity can cause influenza in humans whenever the virus acquires mutations, enabling it to attach to human-specific receptor sites in the respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In early 2013, an extensive outbreak of H7N9 avian influenza in humans occurred in several provinces of southeastern China. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This often depends on the virus strain. (umn.edu)
  • The strain of influenza virus behind the outbreak has a high potential to cause disease. (bto.org)
  • Sometime in the last year, a strain of the virus mutated and became even more transmissible. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • The quadrivalent vaccines contain an additional influenza B strain. (medscape.com)
  • We describe the clinical and virologic findings of the investigation conducted with regard to these 3 human cases of influenza A(H7N7) virus infection. (blogspot.com)
  • Both viruses caused 80-100% mortality in all species, except for H5N2 virus that caused 60% mortality in chickens. (irta.cat)
  • This is a test in which the virus is inoculated into susceptible chickens that are then kept under observation. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • The virus replicates mainly in respiratory tissues of chickens and turkeys but in the intestinal tract of clinically normal waterfowl. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • The virus does cause mortality in chickens, quail, and turkeys, but the infectious dose required for infection is higher than seen for most other highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. (usda.gov)
  • In response, we examined the viral distribution and mRNA expression profiles of immune-related genes in chickens infected with both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results showed that the H5N6 AIVs were highly pathogenic to chickens and caused not only systemic infection in multiple tissues, but also 100% mortality within 3-5 days post-infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • While the impact this emerging virus will have on northern gannet and common eider populations remains uncertain, this new cause of mortalities adds to the problems seen in recent years in several colonial bird populations. (healthywildlife.ca)
  • RÉSUMÉ La surveillance des virus de la grippe aviaire dans les populations de volailles égyptiennes est en cours depuis 2009. (who.int)
  • We investigated the circulation of avian influenza viruses in poultry populations throughout Papua New Guinea to assess the risk to the poultry industry and human health. (who.int)
  • This study demonstrated that avian influenza viruses were not circulating at detectable levels in poultry populations in Papua New Guinea during the sampling period. (who.int)
  • However, avian influenza remains a significant risk to Papua New Guinea due to the close proximity of countries having previously reported highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and the low biosecurity precautions associated with the rearing of most poultry populations in the country. (who.int)
  • 4 The recent emergence of a novel H7N9 virus in China (March 2013) has increased fears about the spread of influenza viruses with pandemic potential from poultry populations. (who.int)
  • In this paper we report a cross-sectional study to determine the presence of circulating avian influenza viruses and the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to avian influenza viruses in poultry populations across Papua New Guinea. (who.int)
  • Use of influenza-specific antiviral drugs for chemoprophylaxis or treatment of influenza is an important adjunct to vaccination, particularly for controlling outbreaks in closed populations. (medscape.com)
  • Avian influenza overview March - April 2023. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • IDWeek 2023 Wastewater Signals Upswing in Flu, RSV Wastewater monitoring is an established tool for tracking COVID, and now new evidence shows it can be used alongside clinical testing to assess the burden of influenza and RSV in communities. (medscape.com)
  • Avian influenza , a deadly virus that can decimate poultry flocks, has been found in Arkansas and. (yahoo.com)
  • During the winter migration, the wild ducks brought the virus to the lower 48 states and multiple backyard and commercial poultry flocks have been infected. (usda.gov)
  • We must be vigilant and strict with our biosecurity practices especially for backyard flocks, as well as educated on when and how to report potential avian influenza deaths. (govdelivery.com)
  • As part of existing avian influenza response plans, Federal and State partners are working jointly on additional surveillance and testing in areas around the affected flocks. (provisioneronline.com)
  • Detection of A(H5) virus in one person who was involved in culling of poultry does not change the human health risk assessment, which remains low for the general public. (cdc.gov)
  • Whether the detection of H5 virus in the original respiratory specimen is a result of transient surface contamination of the individual's nasal passages or represents infection, cannot be determined at this point. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of the plan was early detection and containment of any influenza outbreak caused by this virus and to ensure good coordination between public health sectors and ministries (agriculture, health, interior, and environment), the national influenza center, and laboratories ( 7 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Includes information on laboratory procedures for virus detection. (bvs.br)
  • This work was funded by the Italian Ministry of Health project "Virological surveillance of epidemic and pandemic influenza" (grant no. 4M13) and by the Emilia-Romagna Region. (blogspot.com)
  • The research of her team focusses on the understanding of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) emergence, their pathogenesis and the development of new vaccination strategies to cope with antigenic diversity in the context of pandemic preparedness. (erasmusmc.nl)
  • Almost all countries have now formulated preparedness plans for an influenza pandemic, many of which have been tested in national or regional exercises. (who.int)
  • The The Eastern Mediterranean Region port the vulnerable countries in stepping epidemic reached unprecedented levels of WHO has remained free of Ebola up their preparedness and operational with far reaching implications for global Virus Disease (EVD) ever since the response for EVD. (who.int)
  • She then integrated the Viroscience Department for her post-doctoral studies, which have focused on the pathogenesis, virulence and transmissibility of influenza A viruses, with special emphasis on genetic and phenotypic viral factors involved in the emergence of new pandemics. (erasmusmc.nl)
  • The gold standard for confirming influenza virus infection is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or viral culture of nasopharyngeal or throat secretions. (medscape.com)
  • Contributors discuss all aspects of the molecular virology of influenza-the viral and host factors involved in the attachment and entry into host cells, the transcription and replication of viral genomes, and virus assembly and budding. (cshlpress.com)
  • Among these siRNAs, PB2-2235 offered the highest inhibition of virus replication with 16-fold reduction in virus HA titer, 80% reduction in viral plaque counts and 94% inhibition in expression of specific RNA at 24 h. (ias.ac.in)
  • Oseltamivir is an inhibitor of neuraminidase, which is a glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus that destroys the infected cell's receptor for viral hemagglutinin. (medscape.com)
  • By inhibiting viral neuraminidase, release of viruses from infected cells and viral spread are decreased. (medscape.com)
  • In previous research using gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we reported that H5N6 AIV isolated in February 2015 (ZH283) in Pallas's sandgrouse was highly similar to that isolated in a human in December 2015 (A/Guangdong/ZQ874/2015), whereas a virus (i.e. (frontiersin.org)
  • SW8) isolated in oriental magpie-robin in 2014 was highly similar to that of A/chicken/Dongguan/2690/2013 (H5N6). (frontiersin.org)
  • Since the last risk assessment on 21 May 2021, one new laboratory-confirmed human case of influenza A(H5N6) virus infection was reported from China to WHO on 30 May 2021. (who.int)
  • Environmental samples from these stalls tested positive for influenza A(H5N6) viruses. (who.int)
  • ABSTRACT Surveillance for avian influenza viruses in Egyptian poultry has been conducted since 2009. (who.int)
  • A recent outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza has occurred in the United States in late 2014. (usda.gov)
  • It has been thought that Eurasian strains of avian influenza viruses enter the United States through the Pacific Flyway (Alaska to Baja California) and that this route is the most likely avenue for emerging Eurasian AIV strains to enter North America. (usgs.gov)
  • These individuals are being monitored for symptoms and additional respiratory specimens are being obtained and re-tested for influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Collect respiratory specimens from the patient to test for avian influenza A viruses at the state health department. (cdc.gov)
  • Signs/symptoms may include uncomplicated upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms also referred to as influenza-like illness (ILI) [fever ≥100°F plus cough or sore throat], fever (temperature of 100ºF [37.8ºC] or greater) or feeling feverish, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue, eye redness (or conjunctivitis), shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. (cdc.gov)
  • A surgical mask is a disposable device that creates a physical barrier between the respiratory tract openings (nose and mouth) of the wearer and potentially pathogenic contaminants in the immediate environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the workers, infection with highly pathogenic A(H7N7) avian influenza virus was confirmed for 3 who had conjunctivitis but no respiratory symptoms. (blogspot.com)
  • These tests may be offered as respiratory panels that provide information on the presence of other viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus. (medscape.com)
  • It is the only in vitro diagnostic test for influenza that is cleared by the FDA for use with lower respiratory tract specimens. (medscape.com)
  • Elsewhere in Asia, the Cambodian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed on Saturday a 25-year-old woman from Kampot Province, who died of respiratory illness in Viet Nam on January 30, was infected with avian influenza. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • Influenza virus is a major respiratory pathogen that infects an average of 5−15% of the global population each year, with approximately 500 000 human deaths related to influenza annually. (who.int)
  • RSV More Common in IBD All patients with IBD, regardless of age, may be at increased risk for contracting a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and, as such, may benefit from receiving an RSV vaccine. (medscape.com)
  • The USGS National Wildlife Health Center, in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), the University of Iceland, and other partners, has explored the ecology and movement of AI viruses in the North Atlantic region since 2010. (usgs.gov)
  • b Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America. (who.int)
  • Qualified field officers from the Papua New Guinea National Agriculture Quarantine and Inspection Authority carried out the sampling during their routine surveillance programme, adhering to the guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for avian sampling. (who.int)
  • It presents information on highly pathogenic avian influenza diagnosis and surveillance in Asia. (bvs.br)
  • Local influenza surveillance data and laboratory testing can assist the physician regarding antiviral agent choice. (medscape.com)
  • Her primary research interests include molecular mechanisms of genetic variability of influenza viruses and antiviral susceptibility. (blogspot.com)
  • In terms of implications for human health, one of the most significant evolutions has been the divergence of viruses into distinct genetic groups, sometimes called clades. (who.int)
  • That's why I'm trying to isolate the genetic changes necessary for the virus to become more transmissible between people. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • Because all influenza viruses are capable of rapid genetic change, avian strains could possibly acquire the ability to spread more easily from person-to-person via direct mutation or via reassortment of genome subunits with human strains during replication in a human, animal or, avian host. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The virus detected in the white stork presented one of those mutations (627K), which suggests that the virus that had spilled over to cats was already partially adapted to mammalian species. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • In general, lesions and antigen distribution were similar regardless of virus and species. (irta.cat)
  • However, endotheliotropism was the most striking diference among species, with only Pearl guinea fowl showing widespread replication of both viruses in endothelial cells of most tis‑ sues. (irta.cat)
  • The high mortalities documented so far suggest that these species have a high susceptibility to this virus. (healthywildlife.ca)
  • Her team is developing innovative culture methods for avian primary epithelial and endothelial cells to study the understanding of the host species-specificity of HPAIVs genesis. (erasmusmc.nl)
  • The virus continues to be active in non-domesticated bird reservoirs, and incidences of spillover and clinical disease in numerous animal species occur in European nations in 2021. (news-medical.net)
  • For the trivalent formulation influenza vaccines, two strains of influenza A and one of influenza B are included. (medscape.com)
  • Since the 2005-2006 influenza season, amantadine and rimantadine are no longer recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) because circulating strains of influenza virus have proved resistant. (medscape.com)
  • The virus did not cross-react with sera raised against pre-pandemic H5 vaccine strains. (eur.nl)
  • This divergence underscores the difficulty of developing a predictably protective vaccine before the emergence of the actual pandemic virus. (who.int)
  • The Ministry of Agriculture says its new vaccine can effectively "cut a key link in the transmission chain of the highly pathogenic avian influenza among water fowl. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • Using a technique called reverse genetics, scientists at the Key Laboratory of Animal Influenza, affiliated to Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, altered the genome sequence of the virus to construct a vaccine that is believed to be safe to both poultry and mammals. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • Flu-COVID Shot Generates Strong Immune Response: Pfizer, BioNtech The companies said on Thursday that their vaccine to prevent flu and COVID-19 generated a strong immune response against strains of the viruses in an early- to mid-stage trial. (medscape.com)
  • Moderna Combo COVID-19/Flu Vaccine Effective in Early Trial Moderna on Wednesday said its combination vaccine to protect against both COVID-19 and influenza generated a strong immune response compared to individual shots for the viruses in an early-stage study. (medscape.com)
  • [ 74 ] The vaccine viruses recommended by the World Health Organization and the CDC for the 2014-2015 northern hemisphere influenza season are the same as those for the northern hemisphere 2013-2014 influenza season and 2014 southern hemisphere season. (medscape.com)
  • reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated it was positive for influenza A virus but negative for contemporary seasonal human H1pdm09 and H3 influenza A virus subtypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Rapid diagnostic tests for influenza are available and are becoming more widely used. (medscape.com)
  • Whole genome characterization of the viruses reveals the presence of the mammalian adaptive marker E627K in two Afro-tropical resident aquatic ducks. (authorea.com)
  • In contrast the virus easily infected mallard ducks and transmitted easily, but caused no mortality. (usda.gov)
  • The overall public health risk from currently known influenza viruses at the human-animal interface has not changed, and the likelihood of sustained human-to-human transmission of these viruses remains low. (who.int)
  • This volume is therefore an essential reference for all virologists, clinical and laboratory investigators, and physicians interested in reducing the global public health burden of influenza. (cshlpress.com)
  • Outbreaks of the deadly and highly virulent avian flu virus have been detected at two Sonoma County. (yahoo.com)
  • Over the winter of 2021/22, an outbreak of avian influenza was confirmed in Barnacle Geese wintering on the Solway Firth. (bto.org)
  • Virological and serological investigations were undertaken to determine the prevalence of avian influenza viruses. (who.int)
  • 3) Both viruses have a longer incubation time than that of seasonal influenza. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Vaccines against seasonal influenza are reformulated annually in order to contain the most recently circulating strains. (medscape.com)
  • Some avian influenza A viruses cause high morbidity and mortality in infected poultry, while others cause no illness or only mild disease in poultry. (cdc.gov)
  • For those patients hospitalized with avian influenza, mortality is more than 50 percent for all of the strains combined. (everydayhealth.com)
  • In ad- to our Region, particularly since the systems for outbreak prevention, detec- dition, it resulted in an unquantified virus spread beyond Africa for the first tion and response needs to be main- increase in indirect mortality as well as time through this mode ( 2 ). (who.int)
  • Ambiguities remained concerning the origin of the EMA-3 viruses from a region covering Southeast Germany and the Czech Republic as well as routes of spread to other European countries. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Rarely, the virus also can spread from person to person. (everydayhealth.com)
  • More rarely, the virus has spread from person-to-person, but this type of transmission has been limited, and does not seem to happen easily. (everydayhealth.com)
  • At the moment, this virus doesn't spread from person to person easily. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • Therefore, it can cut a key link for the highly pathogenic avian influenza to spread," said the ministry statement. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • He thinks these corpses could accelerate the spread of the virus. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • If these strains acquire the ability to spread efficiently from person to person, an influenza pandemic could result. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are classified by a combination of two groups of proteins found on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin proteins (H), of which there are 18 (H1-H18), and neuraminidase proteins (N), of which there are 11 (N1-N11). (usgs.gov)
  • She completed her PhD in 2010 in France under the supervision of Prof. Bruno Lina studying the resistance of influenza A viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. (erasmusmc.nl)
  • Oseltamivir and zanamivir are antiviral neuraminidase inhibitors that are used for chemoprophylaxis and treatment of influenza A and B infection. (medscape.com)
  • Zanamivir and oseltamivir are members of a class of drugs termed neuraminidase inhibitors and are active against both influenza virus type A and type B. They are approved for both prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. (medscape.com)
  • The purpose of this HAN Health Advisory is to notify public health workers, clinicians, and the public of the potential for human infection with this virus and to describe the CDC's recommendations for patient investigation and testing, infection control including the use of personal protective equipment, and antiviral treatment and prophylaxis. (cdc.gov)
  • Marine mammals can also become infected with avian influenza strains (eg, H10N7 in harbor seals), with subsequent human infection reported. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The lineage of virus can be traced back to Chinese strains from 1996. (usda.gov)
  • Because evolutionary changes in these viruses are difficult to predict and our understanding of their pathogenic effects is incomplete, the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics for influenza remains challenging. (cshlpress.com)
  • In addition, the authors examine the human immune response to influenza infection, insights gained from animal models, and technological advances in the design and delivery of vaccines and antivirals. (cshlpress.com)
  • Wild migratory waterfowl are known to be carriers of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. (in.gov)
  • Waterfowl shed the virus in their feces, but do not become ill with the virus. (in.gov)
  • The autumn and winter period was of particular concern with regards to wintering waterfowl, which are usually very vulnerable to avian influenza. (bto.org)
  • A . Integrated Pathway Analysis (IPA) canonical pathway map of the most significant pathway enriched in the set of highly predicted genes (Table 3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Shown in yellow are the highly cross-predicted genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • B . Expression patterns of highly predicted genes in Calu-3 cells and macaques. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to total nucleic acid extraction and ribonucleic acid (RNA) separation, the researchers used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to target the conserved site of the influenza A virus (IAV) matrix genes. (news-medical.net)
  • This year, for the first time, healthcare professionals in France are invited to offer influenza vaccination to all children. (medscape.com)
  • De Bruin ACM, Spronken MI, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RAM, Richard M . Reduced Replication of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Duck Endothelial Cells Compared to Chicken Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Stronger Antiviral Responses. (erasmusmc.nl)
  • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance emerged in the United States during the 2008-2009 influenza season, and the CDC issued revised interim recommendations for antiviral treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. (medscape.com)
  • Because of this, zanamivir was recommended as the initial choice for antiviral prophylaxis or treatment when influenza A infection or exposure was suspected. (medscape.com)
  • Studies at the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory were performed to examine the virus, which includes at least three different variants based on reassortment events. (usda.gov)